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Xie HQ, Chu SS, Zha LP, Cheng ME, Jiang L, Ren DD, Yu Y, Peng HS, Peng DY. Determination of the species status of Fallopia multiflora, Fallopia multiflora var. angulata and Fallopia multiflora var. ciliinervis based on morphology, molecular phylogeny, and chemical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:406-420. [PMID: 30711810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Relationships among Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson., F. multiflora var. angulata (S. Y. Liu) H. J. Yan, Z. J. Fang & Shi Xiao Yu., and F. multiflora var. ciliinervis (Nakai) Yonekura & H. Ohashi. were determined based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology, molecular phylogeny, and chemical analysis. The macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of root tubers or rhizomes, stems, and leaves were compared among the three taxa. The content of 11 chemical components (catechin, polydatin, stilbene glucoside, emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, rhein, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, quercetin, physcion, and resveratrol) in the three taxa was determined by HPLC, and the chemical diversity was further evaluated by principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. Molecular phylogenies were mapped using two chloroplast markers (matK and the psbA-trnH intergenic region) and a nuclear ribosomal marker [internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region]. Analyses of macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics revealed that the subterranean organs of F. multiflora and F. multiflora var. angulata are root tubers, whereas those of F. multiflora var. ciliinervis are rhizomes. In the phylogenetic trees, F. multiflora and F. multiflora var. angulata were clustered into a clade based on the combine matK + psbA-trnH sequence, with neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference bootstrap support values of 99, 85, and 0.99, respectively. In addition, there were obvious differences in the chemical compositions of F. multiflora, F. multiflora var. angulata and F. multiflora var. ciliinervis. The root tubers of F. multiflora contain higher levels of stilbene glucoside and catechin, but lower levels of polydatin and anthraquinone compounds. In contrast to F. multiflora, the rhizomes of F. multiflora var. ciliinervis contain higher levels of polydatin and anthraquinone compounds, but lack stilbene glucoside. The content of all 11 assessed components was lower in F. multiflora var. angulata than in F. multiflora and F. multiflora var. cillinervis. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed that F. multiflora and F. multiflora var. angulata individuals were clustered into a single clade, whereas F. multiflora var. ciliinervis individuals were clustered into a single clade separate from that containing F. multiflora and F. multiflora var. angulata individuals. On the basis of the results of our morphological, molecular phylogeny, and chemical analyses, we tentatively conclude that F. multiflora var. ciliinervis is an independent species, whereas F. multiflora var. angulata should be considered as a variety of F. multiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qun Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shan-Shan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Liang-Ping Zha
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Ming-En Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Infinitus (China) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Dai-Yin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Ajmal Ali M, Gyulai G, Hidvégi N, Kerti B, Al Hemaid FM, Pandey AK, Lee J. The changing epitome of species identification - DNA barcoding. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:204-31. [PMID: 24955007 PMCID: PMC4061418 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The discipline taxonomy (the science of naming and classifying organisms, the original bioinformatics and a basis for all biology) is fundamentally important in ensuring the quality of life of future human generation on the earth; yet over the past few decades, the teaching and research funding in taxonomy have declined because of its classical way of practice which lead the discipline many a times to a subject of opinion, and this ultimately gave birth to several problems and challenges, and therefore the taxonomist became an endangered race in the era of genomics. Now taxonomy suddenly became fashionable again due to revolutionary approaches in taxonomy called DNA barcoding (a novel technology to provide rapid, accurate, and automated species identifications using short orthologous DNA sequences). In DNA barcoding, complete data set can be obtained from a single specimen irrespective to morphological or life stage characters. The core idea of DNA barcoding is based on the fact that the highly conserved stretches of DNA, either coding or non coding regions, vary at very minor degree during the evolution within the species. Sequences suggested to be useful in DNA barcoding include cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (e.g. cox1) and chloroplast DNA (e.g. rbcL, trnL-F, matK, ndhF, and atpB rbcL), and nuclear DNA (ITS, and house keeping genes e.g. gapdh). The plant DNA barcoding is now transitioning the epitome of species identification; and thus, ultimately helping in the molecularization of taxonomy, a need of the hour. The 'DNA barcodes' show promise in providing a practical, standardized, species-level identification tool that can be used for biodiversity assessment, life history and ecological studies, forensic analysis, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gábor Gyulai
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. István University, Gödöllo H-2103, Hungary
| | - Norbert Hidvégi
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. István University, Gödöllo H-2103, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kerti
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. István University, Gödöllo H-2103, Hungary
| | - Fahad M.A. Al Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun K. Pandey
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Joongku Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305 806, South Korea
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