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Li Z, Zhang H, Li G, Guo J, Wang Q, Deng Y, Hu Y, Hu X, Liu C, Qin M, Shen X, Yu R, Gao X, Liao Z, Liu J, Hou Z, Zhu Y, Fu X. Room-temperature sub-100 nm Néel-type skyrmions in non-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 3-xGaTe 2 with ultrafast laser writability. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1017. [PMID: 38310096 PMCID: PMC10838308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Realizing room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnets offers unparalleled prospects for future spintronic applications. However, due to the intrinsic spin fluctuations that suppress atomic long-range magnetic order and the inherent inversion crystal symmetry that excludes the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, achieving room-temperature skyrmions in 2D magnets remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we target room-temperature 2D magnet Fe3GaTe2 and unveil that the introduction of iron-deficient into this compound enables spatial inversion symmetry breaking, thus inducing a significant Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that brings about room-temperature Néel-type skyrmions with unprecedentedly small size. To further enhance the practical applications of this finding, we employ a homemade in-situ optical Lorentz transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate ultrafast writing of skyrmions in Fe3-xGaTe2 using a single femtosecond laser pulse. Our results manifest the Fe3-xGaTe2 as a promising building block for realizing skyrmion-based magneto-optical functionalities.
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Grants
- This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China at grant No. 2020YFA0309300, Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou (grant No. 202201000008), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) at grant No. 12304146, 11974191, 12127803, 52322108, 52271178, U22A20117 and 12241403, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741828), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (grant No. 2021B1515120047 and 2023B1515020112), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin at grant No. 20JCJQJC00210, the 111 Project at grant No. B23045, and the “Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”, Nankai University (grant No. 63213040, C029211101, C02922101, ZB22000104 and DK2300010207). This work was supported by the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefang Li
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqi Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangteng Guo
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingping Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuange Hu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Can Liu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghui Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richeng Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA.
| | - Xuewen Fu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Goodge BH, Geisler B, Lee K, Osada M, Wang BY, Li D, Hwang HY, Pentcheva R, Kourkoutis LF. Resolving the polar interface of infinite-layer nickelate thin films. Nat Mater 2023; 22:466-473. [PMID: 36973543 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-based superconductors provide a long-awaited experimental platform to explore possible cuprate-like superconductivity. Despite similar crystal structure and d electron filling, however, superconductivity in nickelates has thus far only been stabilized in thin-film geometry, raising questions about the polar interface between substrate and thin film. Here we conduct a detailed experimental and theoretical study of the prototypical interface between Nd1-xSrxNiO2 and SrTiO3. Atomic-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscope reveals the formation of a single intermediate Nd(Ti,Ni)O3 layer. Density functional theory calculations with a Hubbard U term show how the observed structure alleviates the polar discontinuity. We explore the effects of oxygen occupancy, hole doping and cation structure to disentangle the contributions of each for reducing interface charge density. Resolving the non-trivial interface structure will be instructive for future synthesis of nickelate films on other substrates and in vertical heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit H Goodge
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Benjamin Geisler
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Kyuho Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Motoki Osada
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bai Yang Wang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danfeng Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rossitza Pentcheva
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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3
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Zhao T, Guo J, Li T, Wang Z, Peng M, Zhong F, Chen Y, Yu Y, Xu T, Xie R, Gao P, Wang X, Hu W. Substrate engineering for wafer-scale two-dimensional material growth: strategies, mechanisms, and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1650-1671. [PMID: 36744507 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of wafer-scale two-dimensional (2D) materials is a prerequisite and important step for their industrial applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most promising approach to produce high-quality films in a scalable way. Recent breakthroughs in the epitaxy of wafer-scale single-crystalline graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition-metal dichalcogenides highlight the pivotal roles of substrate engineering by lattice orientation, surface steps, and energy considerations. This review focuses on the existing strategies and underlying mechanisms, and discusses future directions in epitaxial substrate engineering to deliver wafer-scale 2D materials for integrated electronics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Zhao
- School of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Taotao Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Meng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Fang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Yiye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Runzhang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Pingqi Gao
- School of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xinran Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
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4
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Chen Y, Yuan X, Shan S, Zhang C, Liu R, Zhang X, Zhuang W, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhang R, Wang X. Significant Reduction of the Dead Layers by the Strain Release in La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3 Heterostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:39673-39678. [PMID: 35984645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Great efforts have been devoted to exploring the emergent phenomena occurring in heterostructures of correlated oxides. However, the presence of both magnetic and electrical dead layers in functional oxide films generally obstructs the device functionalization and miniaturization. Here, we demonstrate an effective strategy to significantly reduce the thickness of dead layers in a prototypical correlated oxide system, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) grown on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates, via strain engineering by inserting a Sr3Al2O6 buffer layer with a different thickness at heterointerfaces. In this way, the thicknesses of the magnetic and electrical dead layers of LSMO films on the LAO substrates notably decrease from 8 to 4 unit cells and from 13 to 9 unit cells, respectively. Our results provide a convenient method to minimize or even eliminate the dead layers of correlated oxides through the interfacial strain engineering, which has potential applications in nanoscale oxide spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongda Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Shan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ruxin Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhuang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yequan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yongbing Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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5
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Li J, Liang J, Yang X, Li X, Zhao B, Li B, Duan X. Controllable Preparation of 2D Vertical van der Waals Heterostructures and Superlattices for Functional Applications. Small 2022; 18:e2107059. [PMID: 35297544 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) and superlattices (SLs) with exotic physical properties and applications for new devices have attracted immense interest. Compared to conventionally bonded heterostructures, the dangling-bond-free surface of 2D layered materials allows for the feasible integration of various materials to produce vdWHs without the requirements of lattice matching and processing compatibility. The quality of interfaces in artificially stacked vdWHs/vdWSLs and scalability of production remain among the major challenges in the field of 2D materials. Fortunately, bottom-up methods exhibit relatively high controllability and flexibility. The growth parameters, such as the temperature, precursors, substrate, and carrier gas, can be carefully and comprehensively controlled to produce high-quality interfaces and wafer-scale products of vdWHs/vdWSLs. This review focuses on three types of bottom-up methods for the assembly of vdWHs and vdWSLs with atomically clean and electronically sharp interfaces: chemical/physical vapor deposition, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, and ultrahigh vacuum growth. These methods can intuitively illustrate the great flexibility and controllability of bottom-up methods for the preparation of vdWHs/vdWSLs. The latest progress in vdWHs and vdWSLs, related physical phenomena, and (opto)electronic devices are summarized. Finally, the authors discuss current challenges and future perspectives in the synthesis and application of vdWHs and vdWSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xidong Duan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, P. R. China
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6
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Rajak P, Knez D, Chaluvadi SK, Orgiani P, Rossi G, Méchin L, Ciancio R. Evidence of Mn-Ion Structural Displacements Correlated with Oxygen Vacancies in La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3 Interfacial Dead Layers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:55666-55675. [PMID: 34758616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The properties of half-metallic manganite thin films depend on the composition and structure in the atomic scale, and consequently, their potential functional behavior can only be based on fine structure characterization. By combining advanced transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and multislice image simulations, we obtained evidence of a 7 nm-thick interface layer in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films, compatible with the formation of well-known dead layers in manganites, with an elongated out-of-plane lattice parameter and structural and electronic properties well distinguished from the bulk of the film. We observed, for the first time, a structural shift of Mn ions coupled with oxygen vacancies and a reduced Mn valence state within such layer. Understanding the correlation between oxygen vacancies, the Mn oxidation state, and Mn-ion displacements is a prerequisite to engineer the magnetotransport properties of LSMO thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piu Rajak
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniel Knez
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Orgiani
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Rossi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laurence Méchin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Regina Ciancio
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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7
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Yun C, Li W, Gao X, Dou H, Maity T, Sun X, Wu R, Peng Y, Yang J, Wang H, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Creating Ferromagnetic Insulating La 0.9Ba 0.1MnO 3 Thin Films by Tuning Lateral Coherence Length. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:8863-8870. [PMID: 33586975 PMCID: PMC8023513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, heteroepitaxial vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 (LBMO)-CeO2 films are engineered to produce ferromagnetic insulating (FMI) films. From combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy, the elimination of the insulator-metal (I-M) transition is shown to result from the creation of very small lateral coherence lengths (with the corresponding lateral size ∼ 3 nm (∼7 u.c.)) in the LBMO matrix, achieved by engineering a high density of CeO2 nanocolumns in the matrix. The small lateral coherence length leads to a shift in the valence band maximum and reduction of the double exchange (DE) coupling. There is no "dead layer" effect at the smallest achieved lateral coherence length of ∼3 nm. The FMI behavior obtained by lateral dimensional tuning is independent of substrate interactions, thus intrinsic to the film itself and hence not related to film thickness. The unique properties of VAN films give the possibility for multilayer spintronic devices that can be made without interface degradation effects between the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yun
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Xingyao Gao
- Materials
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hongyi Dou
- Materials
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tuhin Maity
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- School
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Xing Sun
- Materials
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rui Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Materials
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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8
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Li S, Zhang Q, Lin S, Sang X, Need RF, Roldan MA, Cui W, Hu Z, Jin Q, Chen S, Zhao J, Wang JO, Wang J, He M, Ge C, Wang C, Lu HB, Wu Z, Guo H, Tong X, Zhu T, Kirby B, Gu L, Jin KJ, Guo EJ. Strong Ferromagnetism Achieved via Breathing Lattices in Atomically Thin Cobaltites. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2001324. [PMID: 33314400 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional quantum materials that remain strongly ferromagnetic down to monolayer thickness are highly desired for spintronic applications. Although oxide materials are important candidates for the next generation of spintronics, ferromagnetism decays severely when the thickness is scaled to the nanometer regime, leading to deterioration of device performance. Here, a methodology is reported for maintaining strong ferromagnetism in insulating LaCoO3 (LCO) layers down to the thickness of a single unit cell. It is found that the magnetic and electronic states of LCO are linked intimately to the structural parameters of adjacent "breathing lattice" SrCuO2 (SCO). As the dimensionality of SCO is reduced, the lattice constant elongates over 10% along the growth direction, leading to a significant distortion of the CoO6 octahedra, and promoting a higher spin state and long-range spin ordering. For atomically thin LCO layers, surprisingly large magnetic moment (0.5 μB /Co) and Curie temperature (75 K), values larger than previously reported for any monolayer oxides are observed. The results demonstrate a strategy for creating ultrathin ferromagnetic oxides by exploiting atomic heterointerface engineering, confinement-driven structural transformation, and spin-lattice entanglement in strongly correlated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiahan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing & Nanostructure research center, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ryan F Need
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Manuel A Roldan
- Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Wenjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing & Nanostructure research center, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing & Nanostructure research center, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Ou Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiesu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Meng He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Hui-Bin Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Tong
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Brian Kirby
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Kui-Juan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Wang H, Srot V, Jiang X, Yi M, Wang Y, Boschker H, Merkle R, Stark RW, Mannhart J, van Aken PA. Probing Charge Accumulation at SrMnO 3/SrTiO 3 Heterointerfaces via Advanced Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2020; 14:12697-12707. [PMID: 32910642 PMCID: PMC7596774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The last three decades have seen a growing trend toward studying the interfacial phenomena in complex oxide heterostructures. Of particular concern is the charge distribution at interfaces, which is a crucial factor in controlling the interface transport behavior. However, the study of the charge distribution is very challenging due to its small length scale and the intricate structure and chemistry at interfaces. Furthermore, the underlying origin of the interfacial charge distribution has been rarely studied in-depth and is still poorly understood. Here, by a combination of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and spectroscopy techniques, we identify the charge accumulation in the SrMnO3 (SMO) side of SrMnO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces and find that the charge density attains the maximum of 0.13 ± 0.07 e-/unit cell (uc) at the first SMO monolayer. Based on quantitative atomic-scale STEM analyses and first-principle calculations, we explore the origin of interfacial charge accumulation in terms of epitaxial strain-favored oxygen vacancies, cationic interdiffusion, interfacial charge transfer, and space-charge effects. This study, therefore, provides a comprehensive description of the charge distribution and related mechanisms at the SMO/STO heterointerfaces, which is beneficial for the functionality manipulation via charge engineering at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vesna Srot
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xijie Jiang
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Min Yi
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- State
Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
(NUAA), Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Boschker
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rotraut Merkle
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert W. Stark
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jochen Mannhart
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter A. van Aken
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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10
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Akram B, Shi W, Zhang H, Ullah S, Khurram M, Wang X. Free-Standing CoO-POM Janus-like Ultrathin Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:8497-8501. [PMID: 31573137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A single-step solution-based strategy is used to obtain 2D Janus-like free-standing ultrathin nanosheets build from two structurally unrelated species, that is, polyoxomolybdate (POM) and CoO. A controlled 2D-to-1D morphological transition was achieved by judiciously adjusting the solvent choice. These POM-CoO heterostructures can behave as an ideal catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene. Benefiting from their amphiphilic nature, these 2D POM-CoO nanosheets have also been used as surfactant to emulsify immiscible solvents. It is anticipated that structurally diverse polyoxometalates will offer promise as design elements for variety of structurally and compositionally tunable van der Waals integrated heteromaterials having a broad range applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Akram
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaheed Ullah
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Khurram
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Akram
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shaheed Ullah
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Muhammad Khurram
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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12
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Zachman MJ, Hachtel JA, Idrobo JC, Chi M. Emerging Electron Microscopy Techniques for Probing Functional Interfaces in Energy Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Zachman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Jordan A. Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
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13
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Zachman MJ, Hachtel JA, Idrobo JC, Chi M. Emerging Electron Microscopy Techniques for Probing Functional Interfaces in Energy Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1384-1396. [PMID: 31081976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interfaces play a fundamental role in many areas of chemistry. However, their localized nature requires characterization techniques with high spatial resolution in order to fully understand their structure and properties. State-of-the-art atomic resolution or in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy are indispensable tools for characterizing the local structure and chemistry of materials with single-atom resolution, but they are not able to measure many properties that dictate function, such as vibrational modes or charge transfer, and are limited to room-temperature samples containing no liquids. Here, we outline emerging electron microscopy techniques that are allowing these limitations to be overcome and highlight several recent studies that were enabled by these techniques. We then provide a vision for how these techniques can be paired with each other and with in situ methods to deliver new insights into the static and dynamic behavior of functional interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zachman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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14
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Kharkwal KC, Chaurasia R, Pramanik AK. Unusual exchange bias in Sr 2FeIrO 6/La 0.67Sr 0.33MnO 3 multilayer. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:13LT02. [PMID: 30658343 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we study interface induced magnetic properties in a 3d-5d based multilayer made of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and double perovskite Sr2FeIrO6, respectively. Bulk La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 is metallic and shows ferromagnetic (FM) ordering above room temperature. In contrast, bulk Sr2FeIrO6, is an antiferromagnet (AFM) with a Néel temperature around 45 K ([Formula: see text]) and exhibits an insulating behavior. Two set of multilayers have been grown on SrTiO3 (1 0 0) crystal with varying thickness of FM layer. A multilayer with equal thickness of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and Sr2FeIrO6 (∼10 nm) shows exchange bias (EB) effect both in conventionally field cooled (FC) as well as in zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetic hysteresis measurements which is rather unusual. The ZFC EB effect is weakened both with increasing maximum field during initial magnetization process at low temperature and with increasing temperature. Interestingly, a multilayer with reduced thickness of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (∼5 nm) does not exhibit ZFC EB phenomenon, however, the FC EB effect is strengthened showing much higher value. We believe that an AFM type exchange coupling at the interface and its evolution during initial application of magnetic field causes this unusual EB in present multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Kharkwal
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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15
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Duan X. Van der Waals integration before and beyond two-dimensional materials. Nature 2019; 567:323-333. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Lan D, Chen B, Qu L, Jin F, Guo Z, Xu L, Zhang K, Gao G, Chen F, Jin S, Wang L, Wu W. Interfacial Engineering of Ferromagnetism in Epitaxial Manganite/Ruthenate Superlattices via Interlayer Chemical Doping. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:10399-10408. [PMID: 30775907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial charge transfer and structural proximity effects are the two essential routes to trigger and tune numerous functionalities of perovskite oxide heterostructures. However, the cooperation and competition of these two interfacial effects in one epitaxial system have not been fully understood. Herein, we fabricate a series of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/CaRuO3 superlattices and introduce various chemical doping in the nonmagnetic CaRuO3 interlayers. We found that Ti, Sr, and La doping in the CaRuO3 layer can effectively tune the interfacial charge transfer and octahedral rotation, thus modulating the ferromagnetism of the superlattices. Specifically, the B-site Ti doping depletes the Ru 4d band and suppresses the interfacial charge transfer, leading to a decay of ferromagnetic Curie temperature ( TC). In contrast, the A-site Sr doping maintains a sizable charge transfer and meanwhile suppresses the octahedral rotation, which facilitates ferromagnetism and significantly enhances the TC up to 291 K. The La doping turns out to localize the itinerant electrons in the CaRuO3 layer, which suppresses both the interfacial charge transfer and ferromagnetism. The observed intriguing interfacial engineering of magnetism would pave a new way to understand the collective effects of interfacial charge transfer and structural proximity on the physical properties of oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Lan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - LiLi Qu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Feng Jin
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Hefei Science Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Zhuang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Kexuan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Guanyin Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Feng Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Hefei Science Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Shaowei Jin
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Hefei Science Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
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17
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Abstract
Thickness-driven phase transitions have been widely observed in many correlated transition metal oxides materials. One of the important topics is the thickness-driven metal to insulator transition in half-metal La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films, which has attracted great attention in the past few decades. In this article, we review research on the nature of the metal-to-insulator (MIT) transition in LSMO ultrathin films. We discuss in detail the proposed mechanisms, the progress made up to date, and the key issues existing in understanding the related MIT. We also discuss MIT in other correlated oxide materials as a comparison that also has some implications for understanding the origin of MIT.
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18
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Chen A, Su Q, Han H, Enriquez E, Jia Q. Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: A Perspective from Strain, Defect, and Interface. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1803241. [PMID: 30368932 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films with ordered two phases, grown epitaxially on substrates, have attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. These unique nanostructured composite thin films with large vertical interfacial area, controllable vertical lattice strain, and defects provide an intriguing playground, allowing for the manipulation of a variety of functional properties of the materials via the interplay among strain, defect, and interface. This field has evolved from basic growth and characterization to functionality tuning as well as potential applications in energy conversion and information technology. Here, the remarkable progress achieved in vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films from a perspective of tuning functionalities through control of strain, defect, and interface is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Qing Su
- Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hyungkyu Han
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Erik Enriquez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
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19
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Kiyohara S, Miyata T, Tsuda K, Mizoguchi T. Data-driven approach for the prediction and interpretation of core-electron loss spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13548. [PMID: 30190483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopy is indispensable for determining atomic configurations, chemical bondings, and vibrational behaviours, which are crucial information for materials development. Despite their importance, the interpretation of spectra using "human-driven" methods, such as the manual comparison of experimental spectra with reference/simulated spectra, is difficult due to the explosive increase in the number of experimental spectra to be observed. To overcome the limitations of the "human-driven" approach, we develop a new "data-driven" approach based on machine learning techniques by combining the layer clustering and decision tree methods. The proposed method is applied to the 46 oxygen-K edges of the ELNES/XANES spectra of oxide compounds. With this method, the spectra can be interpreted in accordance with the material information. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our method can predict spectral features from the material information. Our approach has the potential to provide information about a material that cannot be determined manually as well as predict a plausible spectrum from the geometric information alone.
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20
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Chopdekar RV, Malik VK, Kane AM, Mehta A, Arenholz E, Takamura Y. Engineered superlattices with crossover from decoupled to synthetic ferromagnetic behavior. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:015805. [PMID: 29144279 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9b13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The extent of interfacial charge transfer and the resulting impact on magnetic interactions were investigated as a function of sublayer thickness in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 ferromagnetic superlattices. Element-specific soft x-ray magnetic spectroscopy reveals that the electronic structure is altered within 5-6 unit cells of the chemical interface, and can lead to a synthetic ferromagnet with strong magnetic coupling between the sublayers. The saturation magnetization and coercivity depends sensitively on the sublayer thickness due to the length scale of this interfacial effect. For larger sublayer thicknesses, the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 sublayers are magnetically decoupled, displaying two independent magnetic transitions with little sublayer thickness dependence. These results demonstrate how interfacial phenomena at perovskite oxide interfaces can be used to tailor their functional properties at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh V Chopdekar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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21
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Abstract
The family of transition metal oxides (TMOs) is a large class of magnetic materials that has been intensively studied due to the rich physics involved as well as the promising potential applications in next generation electronic devices. In TMOs, the spin, charge, orbital and lattice are strongly coupled, and significant advances have been achieved to engineer the magnetism by different routes that manipulate these degrees of freedom. The family of manganites is a model system of strongly correlated magnetic TMOs. In this review, using manganites thin films and the heterostructures in conjunction with other TMOs as model systems, we review the recent progress of engineering magnetism in TMOs. We first discuss the role of the lattice that includes the epitaxial strain and the interface structural coupling. Then we look into the role of charge, focusing on the interface charge modulation. Having demonstrated the static effects, we continue to review the research on dynamical control of magnetism by electric field. Next, we review recent advances in heterostructures comprised of high T c cuprate superconductors and manganites. Following that, we discuss the emergent magnetic phenomena at interfaces between 3d TMOs and 5d TMOs with strong spin-orbit coupling. Finally, we provide our outlook for prospective future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yi
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Applied Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
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22
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Chen Z, Chen Z, Liu ZQ, Holtz ME, Li CJ, Wang XR, Lü WM, Motapothula M, Fan LS, Turcaud JA, Dedon LR, Frederick C, Xu RJ, Gao R, N'Diaye AT, Arenholz E, Mundy JA, Venkatesan T, Muller DA, Wang LW, Liu J, Martin LW. Electron Accumulation and Emergent Magnetism in LaMnO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} Heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:156801. [PMID: 29077457 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.156801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emergent phenomena at polar-nonpolar oxide interfaces have been studied intensely in pursuit of next-generation oxide electronics and spintronics. Here we report the disentanglement of critical thicknesses for electron reconstruction and the emergence of ferromagnetism in polar-mismatched LaMnO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} (001) heterostructures. Using a combination of element-specific x-ray absorption spectroscopy and dichroism, and first-principles calculations, interfacial electron accumulation, and ferromagnetism have been observed within the polar, antiferromagnetic insulator LaMnO_{3}. Our results show that the critical thickness for the onset of electron accumulation is as thin as 2 unit cells (UC), significantly thinner than the observed critical thickness for ferromagnetism of 5 UC. The absence of ferromagnetism below 5 UC is likely induced by electron overaccumulation. In turn, by controlling the doping of the LaMnO_{3}, we are able to neutralize the excessive electrons from the polar mismatch in ultrathin LaMnO_{3} films and thus enable ferromagnetism in films as thin as 3 UC, extending the limits of our ability to synthesize and tailor emergent phenomena at interfaces and demonstrating manipulation of the electronic and magnetic structures of materials at the shortest length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhuang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhanghui Chen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Q Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - M E Holtz
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - C J Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - X Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences & School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - W M Lü
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - M Motapothula
- NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - L S Fan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J A Turcaud
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L R Dedon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Frederick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - R J Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A T N'Diaye
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J A Mundy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Venkatesan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - D A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - L-W Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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23
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Anh LD, Okamoto N, Seki M, Tabata H, Tanaka M, Ohya S. Hidden peculiar magnetic anisotropy at the interface in a ferromagnetic perovskite-oxide heterostructure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8715. [PMID: 28821803 PMCID: PMC5562907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the interfacial magnetic properties of ferromagnetic thin films are crucial for spintronic device applications. However, using conventional magnetometry, it is difficult to detect them separately from the bulk properties. Here, by utilizing tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance in a single-barrier heterostructure composed of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSMO)/LaAlO3 (LAO)/Nb-doped SrTiO3 (001), we reveal the presence of a peculiar strong two-fold magnetic anisotropy (MA) along the [110]c direction at the LSMO/LAO interface, which is not observed in bulk LSMO. This MA shows unknown behavior that the easy magnetization axis rotates by 90° at an energy of 0.2 eV below the Fermi level in LSMO. We attribute this phenomenon to the transition between the e g and t 2g bands at the LSMO interface. Our finding and approach to understanding the energy dependence of the MA demonstrate a new possibility of efficient control of the interfacial magnetic properties by controlling the band structures of oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Duc Anh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Noboru Okamoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Munetoshi Seki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tabata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tanaka
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Ohya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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24
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Pincelli T, Lollobrigida V, Borgatti F, Regoutz A, Gobaut B, Schlueter C, Lee TL, Payne DJ, Oura M, Tamasaku K, Petrov AY, Graziosi P, Granozio FM, Cavallini M, Vinai G, Ciprian R, Back CH, Rossi G, Taguchi M, Daimon H, van der Laan G, Panaccione G. Quantifying the critical thickness of electron hybridization in spintronics materials. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16051. [PMID: 28714466 PMCID: PMC5520016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the rapidly growing field of spintronics, simultaneous control of electronic and magnetic properties is essential, and the perspective of building novel phases is directly linked to the control of tuning parameters, for example, thickness and doping. Looking at the relevant effects in interface-driven spintronics, the reduced symmetry at a surface and interface corresponds to a severe modification of the overlap of electron orbitals, that is, to a change of electron hybridization. Here we report a chemically and magnetically sensitive depth-dependent analysis of two paradigmatic systems, namely La1−xSrxMnO3 and (Ga,Mn)As. Supported by cluster calculations, we find a crossover between surface and bulk in the electron hybridization/correlation and we identify a spectroscopic fingerprint of bulk metallic character and ferromagnetism versus depth. The critical thickness and the gradient of hybridization are measured, setting an intrinsic limit of 3 and 10 unit cells from the surface, respectively, for (Ga,Mn)As and La1−xSrxMnO3, for fully restoring bulk properties. Surface versus bulk effects in electronic structure of spintronics materials are crucial to their applications but are yet well understood. Here the authors experimentally determine the critical thickness that defines the crossover of electron hybridization between surface and bulk for two prototype spintronics materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pincelli
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, Km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - V Lollobrigida
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, Km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - F Borgatti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna I-40129, Italy
| | - A Regoutz
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - B Gobaut
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - C Schlueter
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - T-L Lee
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - D J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M Oura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - K Tamasaku
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - A Y Petrov
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, Km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - P Graziosi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna I-40129, Italy
| | - F Miletto Granozio
- CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università 'Federico II' di Napoli, Napoli, 80126, Italy
| | - M Cavallini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna I-40129, Italy
| | - G Vinai
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, Km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - R Ciprian
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, Km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - C H Back
- Institut fur Experimentelle Physik, Universitat Regensburg, Regensburg D-93040, Germany
| | - G Rossi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, Km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - M Taguchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8-9165 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - H Daimon
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8-9165 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - G van der Laan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - G Panaccione
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, Km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
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25
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Chen A, Wang Q, Fitzsimmons MR, Enriquez E, Weigand M, Harrell Z, McFarland B, Lü X, Dowden P, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Yarotski D, Jia Q. Hidden Interface Driven Exchange Coupling in Oxide Heterostructures. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1700672. [PMID: 28464394 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A variety of emergent phenomena have been enabled by interface engineering in complex oxides. The existence of an intrinsic interfacial layer has often been found at oxide heterointerfaces. However, the role of such an interlayerin controlling functionalities is not fully explored. Here, we report the control of the exchange bias (EB) in single-phase manganite thin films with nominallyuniform chemical composition across the interfaces. The sign of EB depends on the magnitude of the cooling field. A pinned layer, confirmed by polarized neutron reflectometry, provides the source of unidirectional anisotropy. The origin of the exchange bias coupling is discussed in terms of magnetic interactions between the interfacial ferromagnetically reduced layer and the bulk ferromagnetic region. The sign of EB is related to the frustration of antiferromagnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic region and the pinned layer. Our results shed new light on using oxide interfaces to design functional spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Michael R Fitzsimmons
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Erik Enriquez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Marcus Weigand
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Zach Harrell
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Brian McFarland
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Xujie Lü
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Paul Dowden
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | | | - Dmitry Yarotski
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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26
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Li X, Lindfors-Vrejoiu I, Ziese M, Gloter A, van Aken PA. Impact of interfacial coupling of oxygen octahedra on ferromagnetic order in La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3/SrTiO 3 heterostructures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40068. [PMID: 28074836 PMCID: PMC5225431 DOI: 10.1038/srep40068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, a half-metallic ferromagnet with full spin polarization, is generally used as a standard spin injector in heterostructures. However, the magnetism of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 is strongly modified near interfaces, which was addressed as "dead-layer" phenomenon whose origin is still controversial. Here, both magnetic and structural properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures were investigated, with emphasis on the quantitative analysis of oxygen octahedral rotation (OOR) across interfaces using annular-bright-field imaging. OOR was found to be significantly altered near interface for both La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and SrTiO3, as linked to the magnetism deterioration. Especially in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, the almost complete suppression of OOR in 4 unit-cell-thick La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 results in a canted ferromagnetism. Detailed comparisons between strain and OOR relaxation and especially the observation of an unexpected La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 lattice c expansion near interfaces, prove the relevance of OOR for the magnetic properties. These results indicate the capability of tuning the magnetism by engineering OOR at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Michael Ziese
- Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Supraleitung und Magnetismus, Linnéstrasse 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandre Gloter
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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27
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Chen B, Chen P, Xu H, Jin F, Guo Z, Lan D, Wan S, Gao G, Chen F, Wu W. Interfacial Control of Ferromagnetism in Ultrathin La 0.67Ca 0.33MnO 3 Sandwiched between CaRu 1-xTi xO 3 (x = 0-0.8) Epilayers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:34924-34932. [PMID: 27936558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling functionalities in oxide heterostructures remains challenging for the rather complex interfacial interactions. Here, by modifying the interface properties with chemical doping, we achieve a nontrivial control over the ferromagnetism in ultrathin La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) layer sandwiched between CaRu1-xTixO3 [CRTO(x)] epilayers. The Ti doping suppresses the interfacial electron transfer from CRTO(x) to LCMO side; as a result, a steadily decreased Curie temperature with increasing x, from 262 K at x = 0 to 186 K at x = 0.8, is observed for the structures with LCMO fixed at 3.2 nm. Moreover, for more insulating CRTO(x ≥ 0.5), the electron confinement induces an interfacial Mn-eg(x2-y2) orbital order in LCMO which further attenuates the ferromagnetism. Also, in order to characterize the heterointerfaces, for the first time the doping- and thickness-dependent metal-insulator transitions in CRTO(x) films are examined. Our results demonstrate that the LCMO/CRTO(x) heterostructure could be a model system for investigating the interfacial multiple interactions in correlated oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pingfan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhuang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Da Lan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guanyin Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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28
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Lu D, Baek DJ, Hong SS, Kourkoutis LF, Hikita Y, Hwang HY. Synthesis of freestanding single-crystal perovskite films and heterostructures by etching of sacrificial water-soluble layers. Nat Mater 2016; 15:1255-1260. [PMID: 27618712 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to create and manipulate materials in two-dimensional (2D) form has repeatedly had transformative impact on science and technology. In parallel with the exfoliation and stacking of intrinsically layered crystals, atomic-scale thin film growth of complex materials has enabled the creation of artificial 2D heterostructures with novel functionality and emergent phenomena, as seen in perovskite heterostructures. However, separation of these layers from the growth substrate has proved challenging, limiting the manipulation capabilities of these heterostructures with respect to exfoliated materials. Here we present a general method to create freestanding perovskite membranes. The key is the epitaxial growth of water-soluble Sr 3Al 2O 6 on perovskite substrates, followed by in situ growth of films and heterostructures. Millimetre-size single-crystalline membranes are produced by etching the Sr 3Al 2O 6 layer in water, providing the opportunity to transfer them to arbitrary substrates and integrate them with heterostructures of semiconductors and layered compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - David J Baek
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Seung Sae Hong
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Hikita
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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29
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Abstract
Magnetic complex-oxide heterostructures are of keen interest because a wealth of phenomena at the interface of dissimilar materials can give rise to fundamentally new physics and potentially valuable functionalities. Altered magnetization, novel magnetic coupling and emergent interfacial magnetism at the epitaxial layered-oxide interfaces are under intensive investigation, which shapes our understanding on how to utilize those materials, particularly for spintronics. Neutron and x-ray based techniques have played a decisive role in characterizing interfacial magnetic structures and clarifying the underlying physics in this rapidly developing field. Here we review some recent experimental results, with an emphasis on those studied via polarized neutron reflectometery and polarized x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We conclude with some perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Liu
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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30
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Tselev A, Vasudevan RK, Gianfrancesco AG, Qiao L, Ganesh P, Meyer TL, Lee HN, Biegalski MD, Baddorf AP, Kalinin SV. Surface Control of Epitaxial Manganite Films via Oxygen Pressure. ACS Nano 2015; 9:4316-4327. [PMID: 25758864 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The trend to reduce device dimensions demands increasing attention to atomic-scale details of structure of thin films as well as to pathways to control it. This is of special importance in the systems with multiple competing interactions. We have used in situ scanning tunneling microscopy to image surfaces of La5/8Ca3/8MnO3 films grown by pulsed laser deposition. The atomically resolved imaging was combined with in situ angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We find a strong effect of the background oxygen pressure during deposition on structural and chemical features of the film surface. Deposition at 50 mTorr of O2 leads to mixed-terminated film surfaces, with B-site (MnO2) termination being structurally imperfect at the atomic scale. A relatively small reduction of the oxygen pressure to 20 mTorr results in a dramatic change of the surface structure leading to a nearly perfectly ordered B-site terminated surface with only a small fraction of A-site (La,Ca)O termination. This is accompanied, however, by surface roughening at a mesoscopic length scale. The results suggest that oxygen has a strong link to the adatom mobility during growth. The effect of the oxygen pressure on dopant surface segregation is also pronounced: Ca surface segregation is decreased with oxygen pressure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tselev
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rama K Vasudevan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - Liang Qiao
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - P Ganesh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tricia L Meyer
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - Arthur P Baddorf
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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31
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Abstract
We review recent advances in our understanding of interfacial phenomena that emerge when dissimilar materials are brought together at atomically sharp and coherent interfaces. In particular, we focus on phenomena that are intrinsic to the interface and review recent work carried out on perovskite manganites interfaces, a class of complex oxides whose rich electronic properties have proven to be a useful playground for the discovery and prediction of novel phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A F Vaz
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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32
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Marín L, Rodríguez LA, Magén C, Snoeck E, Arras R, Lucas I, Morellón L, Algarabel PA, De Teresa JM, Ibarra MR. Observation of the strain induced magnetic phase segregation in manganite thin films. Nano Lett 2015; 15:492-497. [PMID: 25474731 DOI: 10.1021/nl503834b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial strain alters the physical properties of thin films grown on single crystal substrates. Thin film oxides are particularly apt for strain engineering new functionalities in ferroic materials. In the case of La(2/3)Ca(1/3)MnO(3) (LCMO) thin films, here we show the first experimental images obtained by electron holography demonstrating that epitaxial strain induces the segregation of a flat and uniform nonferromagnetic layer with antiferromagnetic (AFM) character at the top surface of a ferromagnetic (FM) layer, the whole film being chemical and structurally homogeneous at room temperature. For different substrates and growth conditions the tetragonality of LCMO at room temperature, defined as τ = |c - a|/a, is the driving force for a phase coexistence above an approximate critical value of τC ≈ 0.024. Theoretical calculations prove that the increased tetragonality changes the energy balance of the FM and AFM ground states in strained LCMO, enabling the formation of magnetically inhomogeneous states. This work gives the key evidence that opens a new route to synthesize strain-induced exchanged-biased FM-AFM bilayers in single thin films, which could serve as building blocks of future spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Marín
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza , 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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33
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Sheng ZG, Nakamura M, Koshibae W, Makino T, Tokura Y, Kawasaki M. Magneto-tunable photocurrent in manganite-based heterojunctions. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4584. [PMID: 25081579 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlated electron oxide heterojunctions and their photovoltaic effect have attracted increasing attention from the viewpoints of both possible application to novel devices and basic science. In such junctions, correlated electron physics has to be taken into account in addition to conventional semiconductor modelling to explain distinctively emerging features. However, extracting novel functionalities has not been easy because it is not possible to predict their interfacial properties solely from their bulk characteristics. Here we describe a magneto-tunable photocurrent in a pn junction based on a correlated electron oxide La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 combined with a semiconducting SrTiO3 substrate. On applying an epitaxial strain, the photocurrent is enhanced threefold, which is increased 30% further by a magnetic field. Such a magneto-tunable effect is possible for only a narrow window of the correlated gap, which is itself adjusted by bandwidth and temperature. These results provide a guideline for utilization of correlated phenomena into the novel electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Sheng
- 1] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan [2]
| | - M Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - W Koshibae
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Makino
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- 1] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan [2] Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Research Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - M Kawasaki
- 1] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan [2] Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Research Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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34
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Zhai X, Cheng L, Liu Y, Schlepütz CM, Dong S, Li H, Zhang X, Chu S, Zheng L, Zhang J, Zhao A, Hong H, Bhattacharya A, Eckstein JN, Zeng C. Correlating interfacial octahedral rotations with magnetism in (LaMnO3+δ)N/(SrTiO3)N superlattices. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4283. [PMID: 25005724 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lattice distortion due to oxygen octahedral rotations have a significant role in mediating the magnetism in oxides, and recently attracts a lot of interests in the study of complex oxides interface. However, the direct experimental evidence for the interrelation between octahedral rotation and magnetism at interface is scarce. Here we demonstrate that interfacial octahedral rotation are closely linked to the strongly modified ferromagnetism in (LaMnO3+δ)N/(SrTiO3)N superlattices. The maximized ferromagnetic moment in the N=6 superlattice is accompanied by a metastable structure (space group Imcm) featuring minimal octahedral rotations (a(-)a(-)c(-), α~4.2°, γ~0.5°). Quenched ferromagnetism for N<4 superlattices is correlated to a substantially enhanced c axis octahedral rotation (a(-)a(-)c(-), α~3.8°, γ~8° for N=2). Monte-Carlo simulation based on double-exchange model qualitatively reproduces the experimental observation, confirming the correlation between octahedral rotation and magnetism. Our study demonstrates that engineering superlattices with controllable interfacial structures can be a feasible new route in realizing functional magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhai
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China [2] Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yang Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hui Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengqi Chu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- 1] Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hawoong Hong
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Anand Bhattacharya
- Materials Science Division and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - James N Eckstein
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Changgan Zeng
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China [2] Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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35
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Cui B, Song C, Wang GY, Mao HJ, Zeng F, Pan F. Strain engineering induced interfacial self-assembly and intrinsic exchange bias in a manganite perovskite film. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2542. [PMID: 23985971 PMCID: PMC3756339 DOI: 10.1038/srep02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of complex oxide heterostructures at atomic level generates a rich spectrum of exotic properties and unexpected states at the interface between two separately prepared materials. The frustration of magnetization and conductivity of manganite perovskite at surface/interface which is inimical to their device applications, could also flourish in tailored functionalities in return. Here we prove that the exchange bias (EB) effect can unexpectedly emerge in a (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSMO) “single” film when large compressive stress imposed through a lattice mismatched substrate. The intrinsic EB behavior is directly demonstrated to be originating from the exchange coupling between ferromagnetic LSMO and an unprecedented LaSrMnO4-based spin glass, formed under a large interfacial strain and subsequent self-assembly. The present results not only provide a strategy for producing a new class of delicately functional interface by strain engineering, but also shed promising light on fabricating the EB part of spintronic devices in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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36
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Moon EJ, Balachandran PV, Kirby BJ, Keavney DJ, Sichel-Tissot RJ, Schlepütz CM, Karapetrova E, Cheng XM, Rondinelli JM, May SJ. Effect of interfacial octahedral behavior in ultrathin manganite films. Nano Lett 2014; 14:2509-14. [PMID: 24697503 DOI: 10.1021/nl500235f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate structural coupling of the MnO6 octahedra across a film/substrate interface and the resultant changes of the physical properties of ultrathin La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) films. In order to isolate the effect of interfacial MnO6 octahedral behavior from that of epitaxial strain, LSMO films are grown on substrates with different symmetry and similar lattice parameters. Ultrathin LSMO films show an increased magnetization and electrical conductivity on cubic (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT) compared to those grown on orthorhombic NdGaO3 (NGO) substrates, an effect that subsides as the thickness of the films is increased. This study demonstrates that interfacial structural coupling can play a critical role in the functional properties of oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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37
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Mundy JA, Hikita Y, Hidaka T, Yajima T, Higuchi T, Hwang HY, Muller DA, Kourkoutis LF. Visualizing the interfacial evolution from charge compensation to metallic screening across the manganite metal-insulator transition. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3464. [PMID: 24632721 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic changes at polar interfaces between transition metal oxides offer the tantalizing possibility to stabilize novel ground states yet can also cause unintended reconstructions in devices. The nature of these interfacial reconstructions should be qualitatively different for metallic and insulating films as the electrostatic boundary conditions and compensation mechanisms are distinct. Here we directly quantify with atomic-resolution the charge distribution for manganite-titanate interfaces traversing the metal-insulator transition. By measuring the concentration and valence of the cations, we find an intrinsic interfacial electronic reconstruction in the insulating films. The total charge observed for the insulating manganite films quantitatively agrees with that needed to cancel the polar catastrophe. As the manganite becomes metallic with increased hole doping, the total charge build-up and its spatial range drop substantially. Direct quantification of the intrinsic charge transfer and spatial width should lay the framework for devices harnessing these unique electronic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Mundy
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Hikita
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Takeaki Hidaka
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takeaki Yajima
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuya Higuchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - David A Muller
- 1] School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA [2] Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- 1] School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA [2] Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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38
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Song F, Monsen ÅF, Li ZS, Wells JW, Wahlström E. The layer-by-layer stoichiometry of La0.7
Sr0.3
MnO3
/SrTiO3
thin films and interfaces. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Song
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Å. F. Monsen
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
| | - Z. S. Li
- Institute for the Storage Ring Facilities; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. W. Wells
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
- MAX IV Laboratory; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - E. Wahlström
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
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39
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Rana KG, Yajima T, Parui S, Kemper AF, Devereaux TP, Hikita Y, Hwang HY, Banerjee T. Hot electron transport in a strongly correlated transition-metal oxide. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1274. [PMID: 23429420 PMCID: PMC3572443 DOI: 10.1038/srep01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxide heterointerfaces are ideal for investigating strong correlation effects to electron transport, relevant for oxide-electronics. Using hot-electrons, we probe electron transport perpendicular to the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)- Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) interface and find the characteristic hot-electron attenuation length in LSMO to be 1.48 ± 0.10 unit cells (u.c.) at −1.9 V, increasing to 2.02 ± 0.16 u.c. at −1.3 V at room temperature. Theoretical analysis of this energy dispersion reveals the dominance of electron-electron and polaron scattering. Direct visualization of the local electron transport shows different transmission at the terraces and at the step-edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Gaurav Rana
- Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Abstract
We review the recent developments in the electric field control of magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures, which consist of heterogeneous materials systems where a magnetoelectric coupling is engineered between magnetic and ferroelectric components. The magnetoelectric coupling in these composite systems is interfacial in origin, and can arise from elastic strain, charge, and exchange bias interactions, with different characteristic responses and functionalities. Moreover, charge transport phenomena in multiferroic heterostructures, where both magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters are used to control charge transport, suggest new possibilities to control the conduction paths of the electron spin, with potential for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A F Vaz
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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41
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Ziese M, Bern F, Pippel E, Hesse D, Vrejoiu I. Stabilization of ferromagnetic order in La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3-SrRuO3 Superlattices. Nano Lett 2012; 12:4276-4281. [PMID: 22774937 DOI: 10.1021/nl301963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of spatially confined complex oxides is of wide interest, since correlated electrons at interfaces might form exotic phases. Here La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3)/SrRuO(3) superlattices with coherently grown interfaces were studied by structural techniques, magnetization, and magnetotransport measurements. Magnetization measurements showed that ferromagnetic order in ultrathin La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) layers is stabilized in the superlattices down to layer thicknesses of at least two unit cells. This stabilization is destroyed, if the ferromagnetic layers are separated by two unit cell thick SrTiO(3) layers. The resistivity of the superlattices showed metallic behavior and was dominated by the conducting SrRuO(3) layers, the off-diagonal resistivity showed an anomalous Hall effect from both SrRuO(3) and La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) layers. This shows that the La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) layers are not only ferromagnetic but also highly conducting; probably a conducting hole gas is induced at the interfaces that stabilizes the ferromagnetic order. This result opens up an alternative route for the fabrication of two-dimensional systems with long-range ferromagnetic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ziese
- Division of Superconductivity and Magnetism, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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42
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Ziese M, Pippel E, Nikulina E, Arredondo M, Vrejoiu I. Exchange coupling and exchange bias in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-SrRuO3 superlattices. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:254025. [PMID: 21572214 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/25/254025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3)-SrRuO(3) superlattices with and without nanometrically thin SrTiO(3), BaTiO(3) and Ba(0.7)Sr(0.3)TiO(3) interlayers were grown by pulsed laser deposition. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed coherent growth of La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3), SrRuO(3) and SrTiO(3) layers with atomically sharp interfaces, even if individual layers were as thin as one or two unit cells. In contrast, misfit dislocations and unit cell high interfacial steps were observed at the interfaces between BaTiO(3) and one of the ferromagnetic layers. The presence of the interlayers as well as these extended defects had a significant influence on the magnetic properties of the superlattices, especially on the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling between the La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) and SrRuO(3) layers and the exchange biasing. Surprisingly, exchange biasing was found to increase with decreasing strength of the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling. This was explained by different magnetization reversal mechanisms acting in the regimes of strong and weak interlayer exchange coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ziese
- Division of Superconductivity and Magnetism, Faculty of Physics and Geosciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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