1
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Lai Y, Wang R, Zeng Y, Li F, Chen X, Wang T, Fan H, Guo Q. Low-Temperature Oxidation of Methane on Rutile TiO 2(110): Identifying the Role of Surface Oxygen Species. JACS Au 2024; 4:1396-1404. [PMID: 38665644 PMCID: PMC11040672 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the microkinetic mechanism underlying photocatalytic oxidative methane (CH4) conversion is of significant importance for the successful design of efficient catalysts. Herein, CH4 photooxidation has been systematically investigated on oxidized rutile(R)-TiO2(110) at 60 K. Under 355 nm irradiation, the C-H bond activation of CH4 is accomplished by the hole-trapped dangling OTi- center rather than the hole-trapped Ob- center via the Eley-Rideal reaction pathway, producing movable CH3• radicals. Subsequently, movable CH3• radicals encounter an O/OH species to form CH3O/CH3OH species, which could further dissociate into CH2O under irradiation. However, the majority of the CH3• radical intermediate is ejected into a vacuum, which may induce radical-mediated reactions under ambient conditions. The result not only advances our knowledge about inert C-H bond activation but also provides a deep insight into the mechanism of photocatalytic CH4 conversion, which will be helpful for the successful design of efficient catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemiao Lai
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, North China University of Science
and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, PR China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Fangliang Li
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
- Institute
of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
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2
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Li F, Lai Y, Zeng Y, Chen X, Wang T, Yang X, Guo Q. Photocatalytic ethane conversion on rutile TiO 2(110): identifying the role of the ethyl radical. Chem Sci 2023; 15:307-316. [PMID: 38131087 PMCID: PMC10732131 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05623f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (C2H6, ODHE) is a promising approach to producing ethene (C2H4) in the chemical industry. However, the ODHE needs to be operated at a high temperature, and realizing the ODHE under mild conditions is still a big challenge. Herein, using photocatalytic ODHE to obtain C2H4 has been achieved successfully on a model rutile(R)-TiO2(110) surface with high selectivity. Initially, the C2H6 reacts with hole trapped OTi- centers to produce ethyl radicals , which can be precisely detected by a sensitive TOF method, and then the majority of the radicals spontaneously dehydrogenate into C2H4 without another photo-generated hole. In addition, parts of the radicals rebound with diversified surface sites to produce C2 products via migration along the surface. The mechanistic model built in this work not only advances our knowledge of the C-H bond activation and low temperature C2H6 conversion, but also provides new opportunities for realizing the ODHE with high C2H4 efficiency under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangliang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 PR China
| | - Yuemiao Lai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 PR China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 PR China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 PR China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 PR China
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3
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Tangpakonsab P, Genest A, Yang J, Meral A, Zou B, Yigit N, Schwarz S, Rupprechter G. Kinetic and Computational Studies of CO Oxidation and PROX on Cu/CeO 2 Nanospheres. Top Catal 2023; 66:1129-1142. [PMID: 37724312 PMCID: PMC10505120 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-023-01848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
As supported CuO is well-known for low temperature activity, CuO/CeO2 nanosphere catalysts were synthesized and tested for CO oxidation and preferential oxidation of CO (PROX) in excess H2. For the first reaction, ignition was observed at 95 °C, whereas selective PROX occurred in a temperature window from 50 to 100 °C. The catalytic performance was independent of the initial oxidation state of the catalyst (CuO vs. Cu0), suggesting that the same active phase is formed under reaction conditions. Density functional modeling was applied to elucidate the intermediate steps of CO oxidation, as well as those of the comparably less feasible H2 transformation. In the simulations, various Cu and vacancy sites were probed as reactive centers enabling specific pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11244-023-01848-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinya Tangpakonsab
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Genest
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jingxia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Longteng Rd 333, Songjiang, Shanghai People’s Republic of China
| | - Ali Meral
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bingjie Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Longteng Rd 333, Songjiang, Shanghai People’s Republic of China
| | - Nevzat Yigit
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Schwarz
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Zhu Y, Wang J, Patel SB, Li C, Head AR, Boscoboinik JA, Zhou G. Tuning the surface reactivity of oxides by peroxide species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215189120. [PMID: 36943886 PMCID: PMC10068848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215189120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mars-van Krevelen mechanism is the foundation for oxide-catalyzed oxidation reactions and relies on spatiotemporally separated redox steps. Herein, we demonstrate the tunability of this separation with peroxide species formed by excessively adsorbed oxygen, thereby modifying the catalytic activity and selectivity of the oxide. Using CuO as an example, we show that a surface layer of peroxide species acts as a promotor to significantly enhance CuO reducibility in favor of H2 oxidation but conversely as an inhibitor to suppress CuO reduction against CO oxidation. Together with atomistic modeling, we identify that this opposite effect of the peroxide on the two oxidation reactions stems from its modification on coordinately unsaturated sites of the oxide surface. By differentiating the chemical functionality between lattice oxygen and peroxide, these results are closely relevant to a wide range of catalytic oxidation reactions using excessively adsorbed oxygen to activate lattice oxygen and tune the activity and selectivity of redox sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY13902
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY13902
| | - Shyam Bharatkumar Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY13902
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY13902
| | - Ashley R. Head
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY11973
| | | | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY13902
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5
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Li F, Wang B, Chen X, Lai Y, Wang T, Fan H, Yang X, Guo Q. Photocatalytic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane for Selective Propene Production with TiO 2. JACS Au 2022; 2:2607-2616. [PMID: 36465539 PMCID: PMC9709955 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) as an exothermic process is a promising method to produce propene (C3H6) with lower energy consumption in chemical industry. However, the selectivity of the C3H6 product is always poor because of overoxidation. Herein, the ODHP reaction into C3H6 on a model rutile(R)-TiO2(110) surface at low temperature via photocatalysis has been realized successfully. The results illustrate that photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (C3H8) into C3H6 can occur efficiently on R-TiO2(110) at 90 K via a stepwise manner, in which the initial C-H cleavage occurs via the hole coupled C-H bond cleavage pathway followed by a radical mediated C-H cleavage to the C3H6 product. An exceptional selectivity of ∼90% for C3H6 production is achieved at about 13% propane conversion. The mechanistic model constructed in this study not only advances our understanding of C-H bond activation but also provides a new pathway for highly selective ODHP into C3H6 under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangliang Li
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, P. R. China
| | - Binli Wang
- Shenzhen
Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuemiao Lai
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, P. R. China
- Hefei
National Laboratory, Hefei230088, P. R. China
| | - Qing Guo
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, P. R. China
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6
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Li F, Chen X, Lai Y, Wang T, Yang X, Guo Q. Low-Temperature C-H Bond Activation via Photocatalysis: Highly Efficient Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation into Styrene on Rutile TiO 2(110). J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9186-9194. [PMID: 36170050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The direct dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins under mild conditions is an atom-economical but challenging route. Here, we have investigated photocatalytic ethylbenzene dehydrogenation into styrene on rutile(R)-TiO2(110) using the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) method. The results demonstrate that photocatalytic ethylbenzene dehydrogenation into styrene occurs on R-TiO2(110) in a stepwise manner, in which the initial α-C-H bond cleavage occurs facilely under UV irradiation via a possible homolytic hydrogen atom transfer process and then is followed by the second C-H bond cleavage induced by either photocatalysis at ∼120 K or thermocatalysis at >400 K. With preadsorbed oxygen atoms to eliminate hydrogen atoms from ethylbenzene dehydrogenation and excess electrons on the surface, the yield of styrene is largely enhanced by about 4 times. The results not only demonstrate a photocatalytic route for ethylbenzene dehydrogenation into styrene on R-TiO2(110) but also advance our understanding of the photocatalytic activation of the saturated C-H bond with TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangliang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuemiao Lai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230088, P. R. China
| | - Qing Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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7
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Muth M, Wolfram A, Kataev E, Köbl J, Steinrück HP, Lytken O. Accurate Determination of Adsorption-Energy Differences of Metalloporphyrins on Rutile TiO 2(110) 1 × 1. Langmuir 2022; 38:8643-8650. [PMID: 35793163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the adsorption of organic molecules on surfaces is of essential importance for many applications. Adsorption energies are typically measured using temperature-programmed desorption. However, for large organic molecules, often only desorption of the multilayers is possible, while the bottom monolayer in direct contact to the surface cannot be desorbed without decomposition. Nevertheless, the adsorption energies of these directly adsorbed molecules are the ones of the most interest. We use a layer-exchange process investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to compare the relative adsorption energies of several metalated tetraphenylporphyrins on rutile TiO2(110) 1 × 1. We deposit a mixture of two different molecules, one on top of the other, and slowly anneal above their multilayer desorption temperature. During the slow heating, the molecules begin to diffuse between the layers and the molecules with the stronger interaction with the surface displace the weaker-interacting molecules from the surface and push them into the multilayer. The multilayers eventually desorb, leaving behind a monolayer of strongly interacting molecules. From the ratio of the two different porphyrin molecules in the residual monolayer and the desorbed multilayer, we can calculate the equilibrium constant of the layer-exchange process and thereby the difference in adsorption energy between the two different porphyrin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolfram
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elmar Kataev
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Köbl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Sombut P, Puntscher L, Atzmueller M, Jakub Z, Reticcioli M, Meier M, Parkinson GS, Franchini C. Role of Polarons in Single-Atom Catalysts: Case Study of Me 1 [Au 1, Pt 1, and Rh 1] on TiO 2(110). Top Catal 2022; 65:1620-1630. [PMID: 36405974 PMCID: PMC9668789 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The local environment of metal-oxide supported single-atom catalysts plays a decisive role in the surface reactivity and related catalytic properties. The study of such systems is complicated by the presence of point defects on the surface, which are often associated with the localization of excess charge in the form of polarons. This can affect the stability, the electronic configuration, and the local geometry of the adsorbed adatoms. In this work, through the use of density functional theory and surface-sensitive experiments, we study the adsorption of Rh1, Pt1, and Au1 metals on the reduced TiO2(110) surface, a prototypical polaronic material. A systematic analysis of the adsorption configurations and oxidation states of the adsorbed metals reveals different types of couplings between adsorbates and polarons. As confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, the favored Pt1 and Au1 adsorption at oxygen vacancy sites is associated with a strong electronic charge transfer from polaronic states to adatom orbitals, which results in a reduction of the adsorbed metal. In contrast, the Rh1 adatoms interact weakly with the excess charge, which leaves the polarons largely unaffected. Our results show that an accurate understanding of the properties of single-atom catalysts on oxide surfaces requires a careful account of the interplay between adatoms, vacancy sites, and polarons. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11244-022-01651-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Puntscher
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zdenek Jakub
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michele Reticcioli
- Faculty of Physics, Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Meier
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Physics, Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Cesare Franchini
- Faculty of Physics, Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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9
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Merte LR, Bisbo MK, Sokolović I, Setvín M, Hagman B, Shipilin M, Schmid M, Diebold U, Lundgren E, Hammer B. Structure of an Ultrathin Oxide on Pt 3 Sn(111) Solved by Machine Learning Enhanced Global Optimization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204244. [PMID: 35384213 PMCID: PMC9320988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the atomic structure of solid surfaces typically depends on comparison of measured properties with simulations based on hypothesized structural models. For simple structures, the models may be guessed, but for more complex structures there is a need for reliable theory-based search algorithms. So far, such methods have been limited by the combinatorial complexity and computational expense of sufficiently accurate energy estimation for surfaces. However, the introduction of machine learning methods has the potential to change this radically. Here, we demonstrate how an evolutionary algorithm, utilizing machine learning for accelerated energy estimation and diverse population generation, can be used to solve an unknown surface structure-the (4×4) surface oxide on Pt3 Sn(111)-based on limited experimental input. The algorithm is efficient and robust, and should be broadly applicable in surface studies, where it can replace manual, intuition based model generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Merte
- Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö University, 20506, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malthe Kjaer Bisbo
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Igor Sokolović
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Setvín
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, 1040, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Hagman
- Div. of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Div. of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Div. of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bjørk Hammer
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Merte LR, Bisbo MK, Sokolović I, Setvín M, Hagman B, Shipilin M, Schmid M, Diebold U, Lundgren E, Hammer B. Structure of an Ultrathin Oxide on Pt 3Sn(111) Solved by Machine Learning Enhanced Global Optimization. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2022; 134:e202204244. [PMID: 38505419 PMCID: PMC10946564 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the atomic structure of solid surfaces typically depends on comparison of measured properties with simulations based on hypothesized structural models. For simple structures, the models may be guessed, but for more complex structures there is a need for reliable theory-based search algorithms. So far, such methods have been limited by the combinatorial complexity and computational expense of sufficiently accurate energy estimation for surfaces. However, the introduction of machine learning methods has the potential to change this radically. Here, we demonstrate how an evolutionary algorithm, utilizing machine learning for accelerated energy estimation and diverse population generation, can be used to solve an unknown surface structure-the (4×4) surface oxide on Pt3Sn(111)-based on limited experimental input. The algorithm is efficient and robust, and should be broadly applicable in surface studies, where it can replace manual, intuition based model generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Merte
- Materials Science and Applied MathematicsMalmö University20506MalmöSweden
| | - Malthe Kjær Bisbo
- Center for Interstellar CatalysisDepartment of Physics and AstronomyAarhus University8000AarhusDenmark
| | | | - Martin Setvín
- Institute of Applied PhysicsTU Wien1040ViennaAustria
- Department of Surface and Plasma ScienceFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University180 00Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Hagman
- Div. of Synchrotron Radiation ResearchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Div. of Synchrotron Radiation ResearchLund University22100LundSweden
| | | | | | - Edvin Lundgren
- Div. of Synchrotron Radiation ResearchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Bjørk Hammer
- Center for Interstellar CatalysisDepartment of Physics and AstronomyAarhus University8000AarhusDenmark
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11
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Cheng C, English NJ, Fang WH, Long R. Understanding Competitive Photo-Induced Molecular Oxygen Dissociation and Desorption Dynamics atop a Reduced Rutile TiO 2(110) Surface: A Time-Domain Ab Initio Study. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Niall J. English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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Han HJ, Lee GR, Xie Y, Jang H, Hynek DJ, Cho EN, Kim YJ, Jung YS, Cha JJ. Unconventional grain growth suppression in oxygen-rich metal oxide nanoribbons. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabh2012. [PMID: 34623908 PMCID: PMC8500517 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanograined metal oxides are requisite for diverse applications that use large surface area, such as gas sensors and catalysts. However, nanoscale grains are thermodynamically unstable and tend to coarsen at elevated temperatures. Here, we report effective grain growth suppression in metal oxide nanoribbons annealed at high temperature (900°C) by tuning the metal-to-oxygen ratio and confining the nanoribbons. Despite the high annealing temperatures, the average grain size was maintained at ~6 nm, which also retained their structural integrity. We observe that excess oxygen in amorphous tin oxide nanoribbons prevents merging of small grains during crystallization, leading to suppressed grain growth. As an exemplary application, we demonstrate a gas sensor using grain growth–suppressed tin oxide nanoribbons, which exhibited both high sensitivity and unusual long-term operation stability. Our findings provide a previously unknown pathway to simultaneously achieve high performance and excellent thermal stability in nanograined metal oxide nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeuk Jin Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Gyu Rac Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujun Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Hanhwi Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - David J. Hynek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Eugene N. Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Judy J. Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Wagner M, Meyer B, Setvin M, Schmid M, Diebold U. Direct assessment of the acidity of individual surface hydroxyls. Nature 2021; 592:722-725. [PMID: 33911267 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The state of deprotonation/protonation of surfaces has far-ranging implications in chemistry, from acid-base catalysis1 and the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic splitting of water2, to the behaviour of minerals3 and biochemistry4. An entity's acidity is described by its proton affinity and its acid dissociation constant pKa (the negative logarithm of the equilibrium constant of the proton transfer reaction in solution). The acidity of individual sites is difficult to assess for solids, compared with molecules. For mineral surfaces, the acidity is estimated by semi-empirical concepts, such as bond-order valence sums5, and increasingly modelled with first-principles molecular dynamics simulations6,7. At present, such predictions cannot be tested-experimental measures, such as the point of zero charge8, integrate over the whole surface or, in some cases, individual crystal facets9. Here we assess the acidity of individual hydroxyl groups on In2O3(111)-a model oxide with four different types of surface oxygen atom. We probe the strength of their hydrogen bonds with the tip of a non-contact atomic force microscope and find quantitative agreement with density functional theory calculations. By relating the results to known proton affinities of gas-phase molecules, we determine the proton affinity of the different surface sites of In2O3 with atomic precision. Measurements on hydroxylated titanium dioxide and zirconium oxide extend our method to other oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Wagner
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Setvin
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jeong H, Seebauer EG, Ertekin E. Fermi level dependence of gas-solid oxygen defect exchange mechanism on TiO 2 (110) by first-principles calculations. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124710. [PMID: 33003753 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the same way that gases interact with oxide semiconductor surfaces from above, point defects interact from below. Previous experiments have described defect-surface reactions for TiO2(110), but an atomistic picture of the mechanism remains unknown. The present work employs computations by density functional theory of the thermodynamic stabilities of metastable states to elucidate possible reaction pathways for oxygen interstitial atoms at TiO2(110). The simulations uncover unexpected metastable states including dumbbell and split configurations in the surface plane that resemble analogous interstitial species in the deep bulk. Comparison of the energy landscapes involving neutral (unionized) and charged intermediates shows that the Fermi energy EF exerts a strong influence on the identity of the most likely pathway. The largest elementary-step thermodynamic barrier for interstitial injection trends mostly downward by 2.1 eV as EF increases between the valence and conduction band edges, while that for annihilation trends upward by 2.1 eV. Several charged intermediates become stabilized for most values of EF upon receiving conduction band electrons from TiO2, and the behavior of these species governs much of the overall energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonjae Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Edmund G Seebauer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Wen HF, Sang H, Sugawara Y, Li YJ. Imaging oxygen molecular adsorption and dissociation on the Ti site of rutile TiO 2(110) surface with real configuration at 78 K by atomic force microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19795-19801. [PMID: 32844830 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding oxygen adsorption and dissociation on the five-fold coordinated titanium (Ti5c) site of the rutile TiO2 surface is important in clarifying chemical reaction processes. Accordingly, three different configurations of molecularly adsorbed O2, including parallel side-on, inclined side-on and end-on configurations, and their dissociation were directly observed with atomic resolution at 78 K by atomic force microscopy. Our results experimentally demonstrated that the three adsorbed O2 configurations could be changed by electric field stimulation. The initial configurations of the adsorbed O2 and transition of O2 configurations were related to their coverage. On the other hand, the tunneling current stimulation could dissociate these O2 species, indicating that they are precursors for the O adatom (Oad). It is proposed that the effect of electric field stimulation contributes to the transition of these three adsorbed O2 configurations, and the effect of the tunneling current is the main factor for the dissociation of the adsorbed O2. In addition, based on the atomic contrast and height histograms of Oad, different charge states of Oad were observed, which could coexist on the surface region. The present study demonstrates an intuitional observation of O2 adsorption and dissociation on the Ti5c site, and thus is expected to be useful to understand the surface reactions on the oxide surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China and Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Hongqian Sang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yasuhiro Sugawara
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China and Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Yan Jun Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
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