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González A, Calfío C, Churruca M, Maccioni RB. Glucose metabolism and AD: evidence for a potential diabetes type 3. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:56. [PMID: 35443732 PMCID: PMC9022265 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Neuronal death and synaptic dysfunctions are considered the main hallmarks of this disease. The latter could be directly associated to an impaired metabolism. In particular, glucose metabolism impairment has demonstrated to be a key regulatory element in the onset and progression of AD, which is why nowadays AD is considered the type 3 diabetes. METHODS We provide a thread regarding the influence of glucose metabolism in AD from three different perspectives: (i) as a regulator of the energy source, (ii) through several metabolic alterations, such as insulin resistance, that modify peripheral signaling pathways that influence activation of the immune system (e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes, etc.), and (iii) as modulators of various key post-translational modifications for protein aggregation, for example, influence on tau hyperphosphorylation and other important modifications, which determine its self-aggregating behavior and hence Alzheimer's pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In this revision, we observed a 3 edge-action in which glucose metabolism impairment is acting in the progression of AD: as blockade of energy source (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction), through metabolic dysregulation and post-translational modifications in key proteins, such as tau. Therefore, the latter would sustain the current hypothesis that AD is, in fact, the novel diabetes type 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Calfío
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Churruca
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile. .,Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine East Campus Hospital Salvador, University of Chile, Salvador 486, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Han X, Ren H, Nandi A, Fan X, Koehler RC. Analysis of glucose metabolism by 18F-FDG-PET imaging and glucose transporter expression in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10885. [PMID: 34035344 PMCID: PMC8149426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cerebral glucose metabolism and glucose transporter expression after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. Few studies have used positron emission tomography (PET) to explore cerebral glucose metabolism after ICH in rodents. In this study, we produced ICH in mice with an intrastriatal injection of collagenase to investigate whether glucose metabolic changes in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-PET images are associated with expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) over time. On days 1 and 3 after ICH, the ipsilateral striatum exhibited significant hypometabolism. However, by days 7 and 14, glucose metabolism was significantly higher in the ipsilateral striatum than in the contralateral striatum. The contralateral hemisphere did not show hypermetabolism at any time after ICH. Qualitative immunofluorescence and Western blotting indicated that the expression of GLUT1 in ipsilateral striatum decreased on days 1 and 3 after ICH and gradually returned to baseline by day 21. The 18F-FDG uptake after ICH was associated with expression of GLUT1 but not GLUT3 or GLUT5. Our data suggest that ipsilateral cerebral glucose metabolism decreases in the early stage after ICH and increases progressively in the late stage. Changes in 18F-FDG uptake on PET imaging are associated with the expression of GLUT1 in the ipsilateral striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Honglei Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xuanjia Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Yun S, Wu Y, Niu R, Feng C, Wang J. Effects of lead exposure on brain glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathway in the hippocampus of rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:23-30. [PMID: 30980912 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether Pb affects glucose metabolism in the hippocampus of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days were orally administered a 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.3% lead acetate solution in deionized water for 65 days. Then, the weight of the rats; brain Pb content; brain glucose levels; activities of hexokinase, fructose-6-phosphate kinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; expression of genes related to the insulin signaling pathway; as well as the gene and protein expression of glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 and GLUT-3 in the hippocampus were evaluated. The results showed that Pb content in the brain tissue of rats in the dose groups significantly increased, whereas the body weight gain, activities of glucose metabolism-related enzymes, and expression of the insulin signaling pathway-related genes significantly decreased compared to the corresponding values in the control group. In comparison with the control group, the brain glucose levels increased significantly in the low-dose group, but there were no significant differences with the middle- and high-dose groups. Furthermore, the mRNA of GLUT-1 in the three dose groups and the GLUT-3 in the middle- and high-dose groups rose markedly, while the GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 protein expression significantly increased in the middle- and high-dose groups and in the high-dose group, respectively. Taken together, the results showed that Pb exposure resulted in a lower body weight gain, higher brain Pb content and also affected brain glucose metabolism and the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yanli Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Abstract
Essentials The metabolic integration processes required for platelet activation are unclear. The metabolic plasticity of human platelets were investigated. Activated platelets exhibit a glycolytic phenotype while preserving mitochondrial function. Platelets can switch freely between glucose/glycogen and fatty acids to support aggregation. SUMMARY: Background Platelet activation is an energy-dependent process, but the type and integrated use of metabolic fuels required to drive activation remain unclear. Objective To dissect the metabolic fuel and pathway plasticity required for platelet activation. Methods Platelet oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were measured as markers of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, respectively. Glucose and glycogen were quantified by enzyme-coupled fluorometric assay. Results Blood platelets switched freely between glycolysis and OXPHOS, using either glucose or fatty acids at rest. The transition of platelets from a quiescent to an activated state promoted rapid uptake of exogenous glucose, associated with a shift to a predominantly glycolytic phenotype coupled with a minor rise in mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Consistent with this metabolic plasticity, under nutrient-limiting conditions, platelets utilized glucose, glycogen or fatty acids independently to support activation. Importantly, the glycolytic switch occurred even in the absence of extracellular glucose, originating from endogenous glycogen. Focusing on the relative flexibility of mitochondrial fuel oxidation of glucose and fatty acids, we found that inhibition of oxidation of a single fuel was compensated for by increased oxidation of the other, but, when oxidation was inhibited, glycolysis was upregulated. Glutamine made little contribution to mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Analysis of platelet functional dependency on ATP from different pathways demonstrated that inhibition of both fuel oxidation and glycolysis were required to prevent agonist-driven platelet activation. Conclusion Platelets have significant metabolic fuel and pathway flexibility, but preferentially use glycolysis for ATP generation when activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aibibula
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - K M Naseem
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R G Sturmey
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Jakubowski M, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Doroszko A. The Human Carbonic Anhydrase II in Platelets: An Underestimated Field of Its Activity. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:4548353. [PMID: 30050931 PMCID: PMC6046183 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4548353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases constitute a group of enzymes that catalyse reversible hydration of carbon dioxide leading to the formation of bicarbonate and proton. The platelet carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was described for the first time in the '80s of the last century. Nevertheless, its direct role in platelet physiology and pathology still remains poorly understood. The modulation of platelet CAII action as a therapeutic approach holds promise as a novel strategy to reduce the impact of cardiovascular diseases. This short review paper summarises the current knowledge regarding the role of human CAII in regulating platelet function. The potential future directions considering this enzyme as a potential drug target and important pathophysiological chain in platelet-related disorders are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jakubowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Rojas-Gutierrez E, Muñoz-Arenas G, Treviño S, Espinosa B, Chavez R, Rojas K, Flores G, Díaz A, Guevara J. Alzheimer's disease and metabolic syndrome: A link from oxidative stress and inflammation to neurodegeneration. Synapse 2017. [PMID: 28650104 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among the aging population. AD diagnosis is made post-mortem, and the two pathologic hallmarks, particularly evident in the end stages of the illness, are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Currently, there is no curative treatment for AD. Additionally, there is a strong relation between oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, and AD. The high levels of circulating lipids and glucose imbalances amplify lipid peroxidation that gradually diminishes the antioxidant systems, causing high levels of oxidative metabolism that affects cell structure, leading to neuronal damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that AD is closely related to a dysfunction of both insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in the brain, leading to an insulin-resistant brain state. Four drugs are currently used for this pathology: Three FDA-approved cholinesterase inhibitors and one NMDA receptor antagonist. However, wide varieties of antioxidants are promissory to delay or prevent the symptoms of AD and may help in treating the disease. Therefore, therapeutic efforts to achieve attenuation of oxidative stress could be beneficial in AD treatment, attenuating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and improve neurological outcomes in AD. The term inflammaging characterizes a widely accepted paradigm that aging is accompanied by a low-grade chronic up-regulation of certain pro-inflammatory responses in the absence of overt infection, and is a highly significant risk factor for both morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rojas-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Muñoz-Arenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias-INER, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Chavez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karla Rojas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Fidler TP, Middleton EA, Rowley JW, Boudreau LH, Campbell RA, Souvenir R, Funari T, Tessandier N, Boilard E, Weyrich AS, Abel ED. Glucose Transporter 3 Potentiates Degranulation and Is Required for Platelet Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1628-1639. [PMID: 28663252 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE On activation, platelets increase glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glucose oxidation and consume stored glycogen. This correlation between glucose metabolism and platelet function is not well understood and even less is known about the role of glucose metabolism on platelet function in vivo. For glucose to enter a cell, it must be transported through glucose transporters. Here we evaluate the contribution of GLUT3 (glucose transporter 3) to platelet function to better understand glucose metabolism in platelets. APPROACH AND RESULTS Platelet-specific knockout of GLUT3 was generated by crossing mice harboring GLUT3 floxed allele to a PF4 (platelet factor 4)-driven Cre recombinase. In platelets, GLUT3 is localized primarily on α-granule membranes and under basal conditions facilitates glucose uptake into α-granules to be used for glycolysis. After activation, platelets degranulate and GLUT3 translocates to the plasma membrane, which is responsible for activation-mediated increased glucose uptake. In vivo, loss of GLUT3 in platelets increased survival in a collagen/epinephrine model of pulmonary embolism, and in a K/BxN model of autoimmune inflammatory disease, platelet-specific GLUT3 knockout mice display decreased disease progression. Mechanistically, loss of GLUT3 decreased platelet degranulation, spreading, and clot retraction. Decreased α-granule degranulation is due in part to an impaired ability of GLUT3 to potentiate exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS GLUT3-mediated glucose utilization and glycogenolysis in platelets promotes α-granule release, platelet activation, and postactivation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor P Fidler
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Robert A Campbell
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Rhonda Souvenir
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Trevor Funari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Nicolas Tessandier
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Eric Boilard
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.P.F.), and Program in Molecular Medicine (T.P.F., E.A.M., J.W.R., R.A.C., A.S.W., E.D.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (T.P.F., R.S., T.F., E.D.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada (L.H.B., N.T., E.B.).
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Lippi G, Buonocore R, Musa R, Aloe R, Picanza A, Pipitone S, Sanchis-gomar F. Influence of spurious dilution and hyperglycemia on erythrocytes and platelets evaluated with two different hematological analyzers. J Appl Biomed 2015; 13:233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Deng Y, Zhang B, Gong CX. Deregulation of brain insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:282-94. [PMID: 24652456 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to the previous belief that insulin does not act in the brain, studies in the last three decades have demonstrated important roles of insulin and insulin signal transduction in various functions of the central nervous system. Deregulated brain insulin signaling and its role in molecular pathogenesis have recently been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this article, we review the roles of brain insulin signaling in memory and cognition, the metabolism of amyloid β precursor protein, and tau phosphorylation. We further discuss deficiencies of brain insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, their roles in the development of AD, and recent studies that target the brain insulin signaling pathway for the treatment of AD. It is clear now that deregulation of brain insulin signaling plays an important role in the development of sporadic AD. The brain insulin signaling pathway also offers a promising therapeutic target for treating AD and probably other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Abstract
Akt is a Ser-Thr kinase with pleiotropic effects on cell survival, growth and metabolism. Recent evidence from gene-deletion studies in mice, and analysis of human platelets treated with Akt inhibitors, suggest that Akt regulates platelet activation, with potential consequences for thrombosis. Akt activation is regulated by the level of phosphoinositide 3-phosphates, and proteins that regulate concentrations of this lipid also regulate Akt activation and platelet function. Although the effectors through which Akt contributes to platelet activation are not definitively known, several candidates are discussed, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, phosphodiesterase 3A and the integrin β(3) tail. Selective inhibitors of Akt isoforms or of proteins that contribute to its activation, such as individual PI3K isoforms, may make attractive targets for antithrombotic therapy. This review summarizes the current literature describing Akt activity and its regulation in platelets, including speculation regarding the future of Akt or its regulatory pathways as targets for the development of antithrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna S Woulfe
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA Tel.: +1 215 503 5152
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Abstract
Abstract Glucose has been found to impair the inhibition of platelets with aspirin and alter the basal activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in platelets. The aim of this work was to study the effects of glucose on the inhibitory pathways in activated platelets. A short-term incubation of glucose impaired the inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by agents activating an NOS-dependent pathway, such as l-arginine, adenosine and α-tocopherol. However, glucose had no effect on the inhibition induced by iloprost and BW245C, agents that activate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. Potassium lactate attenuated the effects of the same inhibitors as glucose did. The inhibitors of glucose transport prevented the effect of glucose. Dichloroacetate, known to prevent the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and to decrease lactate in platelets, significantly attenuated the effect of glucose in platelets. The data support the suggestion that the effect of glucose on the inhibition of platelets by agents activating an NOS-dependent pathway is mediated by glucose metabolite lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadi Kobzar
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia
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Ouro A, Arana L, Gangoiti P, Rivera IG, Ordoñez M, Trueba M, Lankalapalli RS, Bittman R, Gomez-Muñoz A. Ceramide 1-phosphate stimulates glucose uptake in macrophages. Cell Signal 2013; 25:786-95. [PMID: 23333242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) is mitogenic and antiapoptotic, and that it is implicated in the regulation of macrophage migration. These activities require high energy levels to be available in cells. Macrophages obtain most of their energy from glucose. In this work, we demonstrate that C1P enhances glucose uptake in RAW264.7 macrophages. The major glucose transporter involved in this action was found to be GLUT 3, as determined by measuring its translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. C1P-stimulated glucose uptake was blocked by selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), and by specific siRNAs to silence the genes encoding for these kinases. C1P-stimulated glucose uptake was also inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX) and by the siRNA that inhibited GLUT 3 expression. C1P increased the affinity of the glucose transporter for its substrate, and enhanced glucose metabolism to produce ATP. The latter action was also inhibited by PI3K- and Akt-selective inhibitors, PTX, or by specific siRNAs to inhibit GLUT 3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ouro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Chung SW, Lee M, Bae SM, Park J, Jeon OC, Lee HS, Choe H, Kim HS, Lee BS, Park RW, Kim SY, Byun Y. Potentiation of anti-angiogenic activity of heparin by blocking the ATIII-interacting pentasaccharide unit and increasing net anionic charge. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9070-9. [PMID: 23010574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparin, a potent anticoagulant used for the prevention of venous thromboembolism, has been recognized as a tumor angiogenesis inhibitor. Its limitation in clinical application for cancer therapy, however, arises from its strong anticoagulant activity, which causes associated adverse effects. In this study, we show the structural correlation of LHT7, a previously developed heparin-based angiogenesis inhibitor, with its influence on VEGF blockade and its decreased anticoagulant activity. LHT7 was characterized as having average seven molecules of sodium taurocholates conjugated to one molecule of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). This study showed that the conjugation of sodium taurocholates selectively blocked interaction with antithrombin III (ATIII) while enhancing the binding with VEGF. This resulted in LHT7 to have negligible anticoagulant activity but potent anti-angiogenic activity. Following up on this finding, we showed that the bidirectional effect of sodium taurocholate conjugation was due to its unique structure, that is, the sterane core hindering the ATIII-binding pentasaccharide unit of LMWH with its bulky and rigid structural characteristics while the terminal sulfate group interacts with VEGF to produce stronger binding. In addition, we showed that LHT7 was localized in the tumor, especially on the endothelial cells. One explanation for this might be that LHT7 was delivered to the tumor via platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Chung
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Perveen R, Funk K, Thuma J, Wulf Ridge S, Cao Y, Akkerman JW, Chen X, Akbar H. A novel small molecule 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranose mimics the antiplatelet actions of insulin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26238. [PMID: 22073153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have shown that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranose (α-PGG), an orally effective hypoglycemic small molecule, binds to insulin receptors and activates insulin-mediated glucose transport. Insulin has been shown to bind to its receptors on platelets and inhibit platelet activation. In this study we tested our hypothesis that if insulin possesses anti-platelet properties then insulin mimetic small molecules should mimic antiplatelet actions of insulin. Principal Findings Incubation of human platelets with insulin or α-PGG induced phosphorylation of insulin receptors and IRS-1 and blocked ADP or collagen induced aggregation. Pre-treatment of platelets with α-PGG inhibited thrombin-induced release of P-selectin, secretion of ATP and aggregation. Addition of ADP or thrombin to platelets significantly decreased the basal cyclic AMP levels. Pre-incubation of platelets with α-PGG blocked ADP or thrombin induced decrease in platelet cyclic AMP levels but did not alter the basal or PGE1 induced increase in cAMP levels. Addition of α-PGG to platelets blocked agonist induced rise in platelet cytosolic calcium and phosphorylation of Akt. Administration of α-PGG (20 mg kg−1) to wild type mice blocked ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen. Conclusions These data suggest that α-PGG inhibits platelet activation, at least in part, by inducing phosphorylation of insulin receptors leading to inhibition of agonist induced: (a) decrease in cyclic AMP; (b) rise in cytosolic calcium; and (c) phosphorylation of Akt. These findings taken together with our earlier reports that α-PGG mimics insulin signaling suggest that inhibition of platelet activation by α-PGG mimics antiplatelet actions of insulin.
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16
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Kobzar G, Mardla V, Samel N. Short-term exposure of platelets to glucose impairs inhibition of platelet aggregation by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Platelets 2011; 22:338-44. [PMID: 21557683 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2010.535931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin treatment reduces cardiovascular events and deaths in high-risk non-diabetic patients, but not in patients suffering from diabetes. In these patients, hyperglycemia has been found to cause reduced platelet sensitivity to aspirin. It is supposed that long-term exposure of platelets to glucose leads to non-enzymatic glycosylation and impairs aspirin inhibition of platelet aggregation. On the other hand, short-term exposure of platelets to glucose also attenuates the effect of aspirin on platelets. The aim of the present work was to analyse the effect of short-term exposure of glucose on the inhibition of platelet aggregation by aspirin and other cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Already a 15 min exposure of platelets to glucose impaired aspirin inhibition of the platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and arachidonic acid (AA). Aspirin inhibition of platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was attenuated by 5.6, 11.2, 16.8, and 22.4 mM of glucose in a concentration-dependent way. The same effect was observed with indomethacin and acetaminophen used as cyclooxygenase inhibitors instead of aspirin. N-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, prevented the effect of glucose on aspirin, indomethacin and acetaminophen inhibition of platelet aggregation. Other monosaccharides, for example fructose and galactose, impaired aspirin inhibition as did glucose. Lactic acid (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mM), the end product of anaerobic glycolysis in platelets, impaired the inhibition of platelet aggregation with aspirin in a concentration-dependent way but did not affect indomethacin. It is suggested that lactic acid might be a mediator of the effect of glucose on aspirin inhibition in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadi Kobzar
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and show abnormalities in the coagulation cascade. We investigated whether increased synthesis of tissue factor (TF) by platelets could contribute to the hypercoagulant state. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Platelets from type 2 diabetic patients and matched control subjects were adhered to different surface-coated proteins, and TF premRNA splicing, TF protein, and TF procoagulant activity were measured. RESULTS Different adhesive proteins induced different levels of TF synthesis. A mimetic of active clopidogrel metabolite (AR-C69931 MX) reduced TF synthesis by 56 +/- 10%, an aspirin-like inhibitor (indomethacin) by 82 +/- 9%, and the combination by 96 +/- 2%, indicating that ADP release and thromboxane A(2) production followed by activation of P2Y12 and thromboxane receptors mediate surface-induced TF synthesis. Interference with intracellular pathways revealed inhibition by agents that raise cAMP and interfere with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B. Insulin is known to raise cAMP in platelets and inhibited collagen III-induced TF premRNA splicing and reduced TF activity by 35 +/- 5 and 47 +/- 5% at 1 and 100 nmol/l. Inhibition by insulin was reduced in type 2 diabetes platelets resulting in an approximately 1.6-fold higher TF synthesis than in matched control subjects. CONCLUSIONS We characterized the extra- and intracellular mechanisms that couple surface activation to TF synthesis in adhering platelets. In healthy individuals, TF synthesis is inhibited by insulin, but in patients with type 2 diabetes inhibition is impaired. This leads to the novel finding that platelets from type 2 diabetic patients produce more TF than platelets from matched control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja J. Gerrits
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Cornelis A. Koekman
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Timon W. van Haeften
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem N. Akkerman
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
- Corresponding author: Prof. Jan Willem N. Akkerman,
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Morera Y, Bequet-Romero M, Ayala M, Velazco JC, Pérez PP, Alba JS, Ancizar J, Rodríguez M, Cosme K, Gavilondo JV. Immunogenicity and some safety features of a VEGF-based cancer therapeutic vaccine in rats, rabbits and non-human primates. Vaccine 2010; 28:3453-61. [PMID: 20197134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a cancer vaccine candidate (hereafter denominated CIGB-247), based on recombinant modified human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as antigen, and the adjuvant VSSP (very small sized proteoliposomes of Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane). In mice, previous work of our group had shown that vaccination with CIGB-247 extended tumor-take time, slowed tumor growth, and increased animal survival. Immunization elicited anti-human and murine VEGF-neutralizing antibodies, and spleen cells of vaccinated mice are cytotoxic in vitro to tumor cells that produce VEGF. We have now tested the immunogenicity of CIGB-247 in Wistar rats, New Zealand White rabbits and the non-human primate Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus. Using weekly, biweekly and biweekly plus montanide immunization schemes, all three species develop antigen-specific IgG antibodies that can block the interaction of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 in an ELISA assay. Antibody titers decline after vaccination stops, but can be boosted with new immunizations. In monkeys, DTH and direct cell cytotoxicity experiments suggest that specific T-cell responses are elicited by vaccination. Immunization with CIGB-247 had no effect on normal behavior, hematology, blood biochemistry and histology of critical organs, in the tested animals. Skin deep wound healing was not affected in vaccinated rats and monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanelys Morera
- Recombinant Antibodies Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Cubanacán, Playa Havana 10600, Cuba.
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Lin YS, Tungpradit R, Sinchaikul S, An FM, Liu DZ, Phutrakul S, Chen ST. Targeting the delivery of glycan-based paclitaxel prodrugs to cancer cells via glucose transporters. J Med Chem 2009; 51:7428-41. [PMID: 19053781 DOI: 10.1021/jm8006257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of four novel paclitaxel based prodrugs with glycan conjugation (1-4). Glycans were conjugated using an ester or ether bond as the linker between 2'-paclitaxel and the 2'-glucose or glucuronic acid moiety. These prodrugs showed good water solubility and selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, but showed reduced toxicity toward normal cell lines and cancer cell lines with low expression levels of GLUTs. The ester conjugated prodrug 1 showed the most cytotoxicity among the prodrugs examined and could be transported into cells via GLUTs. Fluorescent and confocal microscopy demonstrated that targeted cells exhibited morphological changes in tubulin and chromosomal alterations that were similar to those observed with paclitaxel treatment. Therefore, these glycan-based prodrugs may be good drug candidates for cancer therapy, and the glycan conjugation approach is an alternative method to enhance the targeted delivery of other drugs to cancer cells that overexpress GLUTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shyan Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Akkerman JWN, Gerrits AJ, Ferreira IA, Heemskerk JWM. Insulin inhibition of platelet-endothelial interaction is mediated by insulin effects on endothelial cells without direct effects on platelets: a rebuttal. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:369-71; author reply 371-3. [PMID: 19036062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Glucose metabolism is vital to most mammalian cells, and the passage of glucose across cell membranes is facilitated by a family of integral membrane transporter proteins, the GLUTs. There are currently 14 members of the SLC2 family of GLUTs, several of which have been the focus of this series of reviews. The subject of the present review is GLUT3, which, as implied by its name, was the third glucose transporter to be cloned (Kayano T, Fukumoto H, Eddy RL, Fan YS, Byers MG, Shows TB, Bell GI. J Biol Chem 263: 15245-15248, 1988) and was originally designated as the neuronal GLUT. The overriding question that drove the early work on GLUT3 was why would neurons need a separate glucose transporter isoform? What is it about GLUT3 that specifically suits the needs of the highly metabolic and oxidative neuron with its high glucose demand? More recently, GLUT3 has been studied in other cell types with quite specific requirements for glucose, including sperm, preimplantation embryos, circulating white blood cells, and an array of carcinoma cell lines. The last are sufficiently varied and numerous to warrant a review of their own and will not be discussed here. However, for each of these cases, the same questions apply. Thus, the objective of this review is to discuss the properties and tissue and cellular localization of GLUT3 as well as the features of expression, function, and regulation that distinguish it from the rest of its family and make it uniquely suited as the mediator of glucose delivery to these specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Simpson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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22
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Verheul HMW, Lolkema MPJ, Qian DZ, Hilkes YHA, Liapi E, Akkerman JWN, Pili R, Voest EE. Platelets take up the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:5341-7. [PMID: 17855648 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the key factors that promotes angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Platelets are the main source of VEGF in blood and contribute to angiogenesis by release of growth factors, including VEGF, from their alpha-granules on activation. The monoclonal antibody bevacizumab blocks VEGF in the blood of patients within hours after administration. Platelets are known to endocytose plasma proteins including immunoglobulins. We tested the hypothesis that platelets take up bevacizumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, immunofluorescence imaging, and Western blotting were used to study uptake and release of bevacizumab by platelets in vitro and in vivo. The angiogenic activity of platelets preincubated with bevacizumab was studied in endothelial proliferation assays. Finally, we determined whether treatment with bevacizumab neutralizes VEGF in platelets from cancer patients. RESULTS We found that platelets are able to take up bevacizumab. Activation of platelets preincubated with bevacizumab resulted in release of the antibody and release of VEGF neutralized by bevacizumab. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that FITC-labeled bevacizumab and P-selectin colocalize, indicating alpha-granule localization. In addition, bevacizumab uptake inhibited platelet-induced human endothelial cell proliferation. In in vivo rabbit experiments, FITC-labeled bevacizumab was present in platelets after 2 h and up to 2 weeks following i.v. administration. Finally, we found that platelets take up bevacizumab in patients receiving bevacizumab treatment. Within 8 h after bevacizumab administration, platelet VEGF was almost completely neutralized due to this uptake. CONCLUSION These studies show that bevacizumab is taken up by platelets and may explain its clinical effect on wound healing and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk M W Verheul
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Ferreira IA, Mocking AIM, Feijge MAH, Gorter G, van Haeften TW, Heemskerk JWM, Akkerman JWN. Platelet inhibition by insulin is absent in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 26:417-22. [PMID: 16339499 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000199519.37089.a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADP-induced P2y12 signaling is crucial for formation and stabilization of an arterial thrombus. We demonstrated recently in platelets from healthy subjects that insulin interferes with Ca2+ increases induced by ADP-P2y1 contact through blockade of the G-protein Gi, and thereby with P2y12-mediated suppression of cAMP. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we show in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) that platelets have lost responsiveness to insulin leading to increased adhesion, aggregation, and procoagulant activity on contact with collagen. Using Ser473 phosphorylation of protein kinase B as output for insulin signaling, a 2-fold increase is found in insulin-stimulated normal platelets, but in DM platelets there is no significant response. In addition, DM2 platelets show increased P2y12-mediated suppression of cAMP and decreased P2y12 inhibition by the receptor antagonist AR-C69931MX. CONCLUSIONS The loss of responsiveness to insulin together with increased signaling through P2y12 might explain the hyperactivity of platelets in patients with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlando Andrade Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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