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Wang W, Ye J, Xu L, Mo DG, Chen C, Li T, Yao HC. The effects of IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 treatments on the atherosclerosis in the aorta and the coronary arteries of the high cholesterol diet-fed rabbits. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111409. [PMID: 38118312 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated suppression of aortic atherosclerosis by insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Though a recent study has reported that IGF-1 exerts anti-atherogenic effects in coronary arteries, the mechanisms of IGF-1 in coronary arteries need to be further verified. Studies about insulin like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in atherosclerosis are rarely. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 on the atherosclerosis development in the aorta and coronary arteries of the high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits were fed either normal chow (n = 5) or a diet containing 1.0 % cholesterol (n = 18) for 12 weeks. Cholesterol-fed rabbits were given IGF-1 or IGFBP-2 or saline intravenously (each n = 6) for 10 weeks. The results revealed that IGF-1 decreased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p < 0.05), whereas IGFBP-2 did not. IGF-1 significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesions and reduced accumulated macrophages within the coronary artery plaques, whereas IGFBP-2 deteriorated these changes. Moreover, IGF-1 reduced serum platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase levels, C reactive protein (CRP), and inhibited the protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). IGFBP-2 elevated serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels, CRP, and promoted the protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In conclusion, IGF-1 can substantially suppress plaque formation in coronary arteries with a marked inhibition of macrophage accumulation likely via its anti-inflammatory properties, whereas IGFBP-2 plays an opposite effect on atherosclerosis. The present study highlighted a theoretical basis for pharmacological treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - De-Gang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Tai Li
- Department of Nursing, Liaocheng Vocational & Technical College, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Heng-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China; Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Tang SW, Helmeste DM, Leonard BE. COVID-19 as a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases: a review with focus on the brain. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023; 35:248-269. [PMID: 36861428 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
There appear to be huge variations and aberrations in the reported data in COVID-19 2 years now into the pandemic. Conflicting data exist at almost every level and also in the reported epidemiological statistics across different regions. It is becoming clear that COVID-19 is a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases, and there is a wide range of inflammation-related pathology and symptoms in those infected with the virus. The host's inflammatory response to COVID-19 appears to be determined by genetics, age, immune status, health status and stage of disease. The interplay of these factors may decide the magnitude, duration, types of pathology, symptoms and prognosis in the spectrum of COVID-19 disorders, and whether neuropsychiatric disorders continue to be significant. Early and successful management of inflammation reduces morbidity and mortality in all stages of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Wa Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daiga Maret Helmeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian E Leonard
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Shetty PA, Ayari L, Madry J, Betts C, Robinson DM, Kirmani BF. The Relationship Between COVID-19 and the Development of Depression: Implications on Mental Health. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231191513. [PMID: 37608908 PMCID: PMC10441207 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231191513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Initially, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), was predominantly considered to primarily affect the respiratory system. However, later studies revealed that it also affects brain function through its ability to bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed on neural cells. Our study involved a comprehensive review of literature aiming to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and the development of depression. Our analysis shows a connection between these 2 conditions, as a consequence of the inflammatory response in the nervous system to the COVID-19 virus and the psychophysiological effects of the pandemic. In COVID-19 patients, depression can arise either due to the direct viral infection of the brain or as a result of an indirect immune response triggering neuroinflammation after a cytokine storm. The resulting depression can be treated with non-pharmacological therapies such as psychotherapy, antidepressant medications, or a combination of these treatments depending on the severity of the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmashri A Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lena Ayari
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Madry
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Colton Betts
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Diana M Robinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Batool F Kirmani
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, CHI St. Joseph Health, Bryan, TX, USA
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Al-Jabr H, Hawke LD, Thompson DR, Clifton A, Shenton M, Castle DJ, Ski CF. Interventions to support mental health in people with long COVID: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1186. [PMID: 37340400 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem disease with symptoms lasting weeks or months beyond the acute COVID-19 infection. Several manifestations are reported by people with LC, including effects on mental health, with varying degrees of psychological distress and disturbances to daily activities. Research conducted to identify effective interventions to support mental health among people with LC has been limited by the breadth and scope of studies. AIM This review aims to identify interventions being tested to support mental health of people with LC. METHODS A scoping review was conducted by searching five databases for articles published between January 2020 and early October 2022 to identify research evaluating interventions focused on improving mental health symptoms associated with LC. Results from all sources were checked for eligibility by two reviewers, and agreements were resolved by discussion. Gray literature and reference list of included studies and relevant reviews were scrutinised to identify any additional studies. Data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and checked by another reviewer for accuracy. RESULTS Of the 940 studies identified, 17 were included, the design of which varied but included mainly case studies (n = 6) and clinical trials (n = 5). Several interventions were described, ranging from single interventions (e.g., pharmacologic) to more holistic, comprehensive suites of services (pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic). Several mental health outcomes were measured, mostly anxiety and depression. All included studies were reported to be associated with improvements in participants' mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION This scoping review identified studies reporting on a variety of interventions to support mental health among people with LC. Although positive changes were reported by all studies, some were case studies and thus their findings must be interpreted with caution. There is a need for more research to be conducted to identify the impact of interventions on mental health of people with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiyam Al-Jabr
- Integrated Care Academy, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Andrew Clifton
- Integrated Care Academy, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | - Mark Shenton
- Integrated Care Academy, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | - David J Castle
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chantal F Ski
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Colzato LS, Elmers J, Beste C, Hommel B. A Prospect to Ameliorate Affective Symptoms and to Enhance Cognition in Long COVID Using Auricular Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031198. [PMID: 36769845 PMCID: PMC9917620 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID, the postviral disorder caused by COVID-19, is expected to become one of the leading causes of disability in Europe. The cognitive consequences of long COVID have been described as "brain fog" and characterized by anxiety and depression, and by cognitive deficits. Long COVID is assumed to be a complex condition arising from multiple causes, including persistent brainstem dysfunction and disrupted vagal signaling. We recommend the potential application of auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (atVNS) as an ADD-ON instrument to compensate for the cognitive decline and to ameliorate affective symptoms caused by long COVID. This technique enhances vagal signaling by directly activating the nuclei in the brainstem, which are hypoactive in long COVID to enhance mood and to promote attention, memory, and cognitive control-factors affected by long COVID. Considering that atVNS is a non-pharmacological intervention, its ADD-ON to standard pharmaceutical agents will be useful for non-responders, making of this method a suitable tool. Given that atVNS can be employed as an ecological momentary intervention (EMI), we outline the translational advantages of atVNS in the context of accelerating the cognitive and affective recovery from long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza S. Colzato
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Elmers
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Gao X, Chan PKS, Wong KCY, Ng RWY, Yeung ACM, Lui GCY, Ling L, Hui DSC, Huang D, Wong CK. Characterization of METRNβ as a novel biomarker of Coronavirus disease 2019 severity and prognosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111920. [PMID: 36798115 PMCID: PMC9927217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasing worldwide, with complications due to frequent viral mutations, an intricate pathophysiology, and variable host immune responses. Biomarkers with predictive and prognostic value are crucial but lacking. Methods Serum samples from authentic and D614G variant (non-Omicron), and Omicron-SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were collected for METRNβ detection and longitudinal cytokine/chemokine analysis. Correlation analyses were performed to compare the relationships between serum METRNβ levels and cytokines/chemokines, laboratory parameters, and disease severity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of METRNβ in COVID-19. Results The serum level of METRNβ was highly elevated in non-Omicron-SARS-CoV-2 infected patients compared to healthy individuals, and the non-survivor displayed higher METRNβ levels than survivors among the critical ones. METRNβ concentration showed positive correlation with viral load in NAPS. ROC curve showed that a baseline METRNβ level of 1886.89 pg/ml distinguished COVID-19 patients from non-infected individuals with an AUC of 0.830. Longitudinal analysis of cytokine/chemokine profiles revealed a positive correlation between METRNβ and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL6, and an inverse correlation with soluble CD40L (sCD40L). Higher METRNβ was associated with increased mortality. These findings were validated in a second and third cohort of COVID-19 patients identified in a subsequent wave. Discussion Our study uncovered the precise role of METRNβ in predicting the severity of COVID-19, thus providing a scientific basis for further evaluation of the role of METRNβ in triage therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Kay-Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Katie Ching-Yau Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rita Wai-Yin Ng
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Apple Chung-Man Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace Chung-Yan Lui
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lowell Ling
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Shu-Cheong Hui
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danqi Huang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: Chun-Kwok Wong,
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