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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Boujelbane MA, Clark C, Romdhani M, Washif JA, Aziz AR, Bragazzi NL, Glenn JM, Chamari K, Chtourou H, Jahrami H. Ramadan intermittent fasting and its association with health-related indices and exercise test performance in athletes and physically active individuals: an overview of systematic reviews. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:136-143. [PMID: 37923379 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review, summarise and appraise findings of published systematic reviews, with/without meta-analyses, examining associations between Ramadan fasting observance (RO), health-related indices and exercise test performances in athletes and physically active individuals. DESIGN Overview of systematic reviews with assessment of reviews' methodological quality. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SciELO. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses examining associations of RO with health-related indices and exercise performances in athletes and physically active individuals. RESULTS Fourteen systematic reviews (seven with meta-analyses) of observational studies, with low-to-critically-low methodological quality, were included. Two reviews found associations between RO and decreased sleep duration in athletes and physically active individuals. One review suggested athletes may experience more pronounced reductions in sleep duration than physically active individuals. One review found associations between RO and impaired sleep quality in athletes and physically active individuals. RO was associated with decreased energy, carbohydrate and water intake in adult-aged athletes, but not adolescents. One review suggests RO was associated with athletes' increased feelings of fatigue and decreased vigour. No association was found between RO and athletes' lean mass or haematological indices. RO was unfavourably associated with changes in athletes' performance during high-intensity exercise testing. CONCLUSION Continuance of training during RO could be associated with athletes' mood state disturbances, decreased sleep duration and performance decline during high-intensity exercise testing, while preserving lean mass. However, careful interpretation is necessary due to the low-to-critically-low methodological quality of the included reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cain Clark
- Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karim Chamari
- ISSEP Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
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Abdelrahim DN, El Herrag SE, Khaled MB, Radwan H, Naja F, Alkurd R, Khan MAB, Zeb F, AbuShihab KH, Mahrous L, Obaideen K, Kalam F, Granata Iv F, Madkour M, Faris ME. Changes in energy and macronutrient intakes during Ramadan fasting: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad141. [PMID: 37986623 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Ramadan fasting (RF) is associated with various physiological and metabolic changes among fasting Muslims. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are attributable to changes in meal timing or changes in dietary energy and macronutrient intakes. Furthermore, the literature on the associations between RF, meal timing, and energy and macronutrient intakes is inconclusive. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to estimate the effect sizes of RF on energy and macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates, protein, fats, dietary fiber, and water) and determine the effect of different moderators on the examined outcomes. DATA SOURCES The Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to January 31, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION The studies that assessed energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and water intakes pre- and post-fasting were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS Of the 4776 identified studies, 85 relevant studies (n = 4594 participants aged 9-85 y) were selected. The effect sizes for the studied variables were as follows: energy (number of studies [K] = 80, n = 3343 participants; mean difference [MD]: -142.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -215.19, -69.71), carbohydrates (K = 75, n = 3111; MD: -23.90; 95% CI: -36.42, -11.38), protein (K = 74, n = 3108; MD: -4.21; 95% CI: -7.34, -1.07), fats (K = 73, n = 3058; MD: -2.03; 95% CI: -5.73, 1.67), fiber (K = 16, n = 1198; MD: 0.47; 95% CI: -1.44, 2.39), and water (K = 17, n = 772; MD: -350.80; 95% CI: -618.09, 83.50). Subgroup analyses showed age significantly moderated the 6 dietary outcomes, and physical activity significantly moderated water intake. There were significant reductions in energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes during RF. CONCLUSIONS The change in meal timing rather than quantitative dietary intake may explain various physiological and health effects associated with RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana N Abdelrahim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Eddine El Herrag
- Laboratoire de Nutrition, Pathologie, Agro-biotechnologie & Santé (Lab-NuPABS), Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
| | - Meghit Boumediene Khaled
- Laboratoire de Nutrition, Pathologie, Agro-biotechnologie & Santé (Lab-NuPABS), Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Refat Alkurd
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Moien A B Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falak Zeb
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia H AbuShihab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lana Mahrous
- Department of Health Sciences/Track of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Obaideen
- Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faiza Kalam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank Granata Iv
- Department of Medical Education, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAlIslam E Faris
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Bougrine H, Salem A, Nasser N, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Ramadan Fasting and Short-Term Maximal Physical Performance: Searching for Optimal Timing of the Last Meal "Suhoor" in Female Pre-University Handball Players. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2160-2178. [PMID: 37887153 PMCID: PMC10606875 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to identify the ideal suhoor timing for maintaining optimal physical performance and health indicators during Ramadan intermittent fasting, the present study compares the effects of early vs. late Suhoor on short-term high-intensity physical exercise while controlling the body mass index (BMI) oral temperature (OT), dietary intake, and sleep patterns. In a randomized design, 19 female pre-university handball players (age: 16.8 ± 0.4 y; height: 1.70 ± 0.9 m; and body mass: 61.5 ± 6.9 kg) underwent two test sessions (at 08:00 a.m. and 05:00 p.m.) at four different conditions: ten days prior to Ramadan (R - 10), the final ten days of Ramadan (R) including both Early Suhoor R(ES) and Late Suhoor R(LS) conditions, and the ten days immediately following Ramadan (R + 10). A recovery period of at least 48 h has been set between successive test sessions at each period. Outcome measures included the Countermovement Jumps Test (CMJ), Modified Agility t-Test (MATT), Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA), and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), OT, BMI, and daily diary intake were assessed across the three periods. The total scores of PSQI decreased significantly during R and R + 10 compared to R - 10. When performed in the afternoon, CMJ, MATT, and RSA performance decreased significantly at R(ES) and R(LS) conditions compared to R - 10. However, these performances decreased only after R(ES) when performed in the morning. Furthermore, performances were lower during R(ES) compared to R(LS) in the afternoon for all tests and the morning for MATT and RSA tests. These findings support prior research showing a deterioration of physical performance during Ramadan fasting and indicate a more pronounced impact following early Suhoor condition. Therefore, consuming a late suhoor, closer to pre-dawn time, could be suggested as an effective strategy to minimize physical performance decline during short-term high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Gafsa, Gafsa University, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Atef Salem
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nidhal Nasser
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
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Bougrine H, Nasser N, Abdessalem R, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Negative Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Several Aspects of High-Intensity Short-Term Maximal Performances in Adolescent Female Handball Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:3432. [PMID: 37571369 PMCID: PMC10421416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine whether, after Ramadan, pre-exercise caffeine intake can reduce any possible negative effects of this month on short-term maximal performances in young female handball players. A randomized study involved thirteen young female handball players. Participants performed a squat jump (SJ), Illinois agility test (AG), and 5 m run shuttles test (total (TD) and peak (PD) distances) at 08:00 AM and 06:00 PM on three different occasions: one week before Ramadan (Pre-R), the last week of Ramadan (R), and the week after Ramadan (Post-R). A placebo (Pla) or caffeine (Caff) (6 mg·kg-1) was administered 60 min before exercise test sessions at two distinct times of day (08:00 AM and 06:00 PM) during the two periods: Pre and Post-R. The PSQI and dietary intake were assessed during all testing periods. The results revealed that Pre-R, (SJ, AG, TD, and PD) test performances were greater in the evening (PM) than in the morning (AM) (all p < 0.001). However, compared with Pre-R, PM performances declined significantly during R (all p < 0.001) and Post-R (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, Pre-R, AM Caff produced moderate significant improvements compared with AM Pla, with small-to-no beneficial effects observed with PM Caff in SJ (4.8% vs. 1%), AG (1.8% vs. 0.8%), TD (2.8% vs. 0.3%), and PD (6% vs. 0.9%). Nevertheless, Caff produced moderate ergogenic effects during both AM and PM sessions during Post-R in SJ (4.4% vs. 2.4%), AG (1.7% vs. 1.5%), TD (2.9% vs. 1.3%), and PD (5.8% vs. 3%) with values approaching those of Pre-R Pla within the same time of day (p > 0.05, p > 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively). In summary, pre-exercise Caff intake with a dose equivalent to 6 mg·kg-1 reduced the negative effects of Ramadan fasting in several aspects of short-term maximal performances in young female handball players at both times of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Nasser
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
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da Silva RAD, Szmuchrowski LA, Rosa JPP, Santos MAPD, de Mello MT, Savoi L, Porto YF, de Assis Dias Martins Júnior F, Drummond MDM. Intermittent Fasting Promotes Weight Loss without Decreasing Performance in Taekwondo. Nutrients 2023; 15:3131. [PMID: 37513549 PMCID: PMC10384508 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is commonly used by combat sports athletes for weight loss. However, IF can decrease performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IF on total body mass (TBM) and Taekwondo performance. Nine athletes (seven male, two female; 18.4 ± 3.3 years) underwent 4 weeks of 12 h IF. TBM, countermovement jump (CMJ), mean kicks (MK), and total number of kicks (TNK) were compared weekly. Performance was measured in the fed state (FED) and fast state (FAST). Results showed decreased TBM in week 1 (62.20 ± 6.56 kg; p = 0.001) and week 2 (62.38 ± 6.83 kg; p = 0.022) compared to pre-intervention (63.58 ± 6.57 kg), stabilizing in week 3 (62.42 ± 6.12 kg), and no significant change in week 4 (63.36 ± 6.20 kg). CMJ performance in week 1 was lower in FED (35.26 ± 7.15 cm) than FAST (37.36 ± 6.77 cm; p = 0.003), but in week 3, FED (38.24 ± 6.45 cm) was higher than FAST (35.96 ± 5.05 cm; p = 0.047). No significant differences were found in MK and TNK in FSKTmult. RPE, KDI, and HR were similar between FED and FAST (p < 0.05). [LAC] was higher post-test compared to pre-test (p = 0.001), with higher concentrations in FED than FAST (p = 0.020). BG was higher in FED than FAST (p < 0.05) before physical tests. Therefore, IF promotes decreased TBM without decreasing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Angelo Dias da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Treinamento Esportivo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Avaliação da Carga, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Leszek Antoni Szmuchrowski
- Laboratório de Avaliação da Carga, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Pereira Rosa
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Pereira Dos Santos
- Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Savoi
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Treinamento Esportivo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Yves Ferreira Porto
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Treinamento Esportivo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Daniel Motta Drummond
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Treinamento Esportivo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Avaliação da Carga, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Triki R, Zouhal H, Chtourou H, Salhi I, Jebabli N, Saeidi A, Laher I, Hackney AC, Granacher U, Ben Abderrahman A. Timing of Resistance Training During Ramadan Fasting and Its Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:579-589. [PMID: 37068775 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During Ramadan month, Muslims often continue training to maintain their muscle performance. However, trainers should stress the importance of the time of day chosen for practicing resistance training (RT) during Ramadan fasting to avoid health and performance alteration. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the timing of RT during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy male adults. METHODS Forty men were randomly allocated to 2 matched groups: 20 practicing whole-body RT in the late afternoon in a fasted state and 20 training in the late evening in a fed state (FED). Both groups performed 4 days per week of whole-body RT (∼75%-85% 1-repetition maximum, 12 repetitions/3-4 sets) during RIF. Anthropometric measurements and 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats, deadlift, and bench press were measured. A cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and biceps brachii was examined using ultrasound scans. All measurements were taken at 4 time points: 24 hours before the start of Ramadan, on the 15th day of Ramadan, on the 29th day of Ramadan, and 21 days after Ramadan. RESULTS Post hoc tests indicated significant preimprovement to postimprovement in FED at the 29th day of Ramadan for the 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats (P = .02; effect size = 0.21) and deadlift (P = .03; effect size = 0.24) when compared to 24 hours before the start of Ramadan. No significant changes were observed in the fasted-state group or for cross-sectional area for both groups. CONCLUSIONS Practicing RT during RIF appears not to have adverse effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength no matter whether it is practiced in FED or fasted state. However, RT had greater effects on muscle strength when applied in FED. Our findings suggest that training sessions should be scheduled after breaking the fast during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoua Triki
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport, Health and Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR APS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Cachan, Rennes,France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer,France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax,Tunisia
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport, and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Iyed Salhi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Jebabli
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan,Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany
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Khemila S, Romdhani M, Farjallah MA, Abid R, Bentouati E, Souissi MA, Abedelmalek S, Garbarino S, Souissi N. Effects of Ramadan fasting on the diurnal variations of physical and cognitive performances at rest and after exercise in professional football players. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1148845. [PMID: 37057155 PMCID: PMC10086192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionRamadan fasting (RF) is characterized by daily abstinence from food and fluid intake from dawn to sunset. The understanding of the Ramadan effects on the diurnal variations of athletic and cognitive performance is crucial for practitioners, coach and researchers to prepare sport events and optimize performance. The aim of the present study was to reveal the effects of RF on the diurnal variation of physical and cognitive performances at rest and after exercise.MethodIn a randomized order, 11 male football players (age: 19.27 ± 0.9; height: 1.79 ± 0.04 cm; body mass: 70.49 ± 3.97 kg; BMI: 21.81 ± 1.59 kg/m2) completed a 30-s Wingate test [i.e., mean (MP) and peak powers (PP)] at 07:00, 17:00, and 21:00 h on five occasions: 1 week before Ramadan (BR); the second (R2); the third (R3); the fourth (R4) week of Ramadan; and 2 weeks after Ramadan (AR), with an in-between recovery period of ≥72 h. Simple (SRT) and choice (CRT) reaction times, mental rotation test (MRT) and selective attention (SA) test were measured before and after Wingate test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), body composition, dietary intake, profile of mood states (POMS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were assessed over the five periods.ResultsCompared to BR, RF decreased MP at 17:00 h (p < 0.05, d = 1.18; p < 0.001, d = 2.21, respectively) and PP at 17:00 h (p < 0.05, d = 1.14; p < 0.001, d = 1.77, respectively) and 21:00 h (p < 0.01, d = 1.30; p < 0.001, d = 2.05, respectively) at R3 and R4. SRT (p < 0.001,d = 1.15; d = 1.32, respectively), number of correct answers (MRTE; p < 0.05, d = 1.27; d = 1.38, respectively) and SA (p < 0.01, d = 1.32; d = 1.64, respectively) increased during R2 and R3 in the evening before exercise compared to BR. Short term maximal exercise enhanced SRT (p < 0.01, d = 1.15; p < 0.001, d = 1.35, respectively), MRTE (p < 0.001, d = 2.01; d = 2.75 respectively) and SA (p < 0.05, d = 0.68; d = 1.18, respectively) during R2 and R3 in the evening. In comparison to BR, sleep latency and sleep duration increased during R3 (p < 0.001, d = 1.29; d = 1.74, respectively) and R4 (p < 0.001, d = 1.78; d = 2.19, respectively) and sleep quality increased in R2, R3 and R4 (p < 0.01, d = 1.60; p < 0.001, d = 1.93; d = 2.03, respectively).ConclusionDuring RF, anaerobic and cognitive performances were unaffected in the morning but were impaired in the afternoon and evening. Short-term maximal exercise mitigates the negative effects of fasting on cognitive performance. Maximal exercise could thus partially counteract the effect of fasting on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Khemila
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- Motricité-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR4334, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Farjallah
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hypoxie et Poumon, H&P, INSERM, Bobigny, France
- Département STAPS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Rihab Abid
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Emna Bentouati
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sergio Garbarino,
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Glenn JM, Clark CCT, Stannard SR, Slater G, Żmijewski P, Driss T, Ben Saad H, Chamari K, Chtourou H. Dietary Intake and Body Composition During Ramadan in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Meta-Regression. J Am Nutr Assoc 2023; 42:101-122. [PMID: 35512756 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.2000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan observance on dietary intake and body composition in adult athletes. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources used were PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Taylor and Francis. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies were as follows: single-group, pre-/post-Ramadan, with or without control group, conducted in athletes aged ≥19 years training at least twice a week, and published in any language before August 25, 2021. Studies assessing dietary intake and/or body composition were deemed eligible. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using QualSyst. Nine studies evaluated dietary intake; 4 of these were rated as strong quality and the remaining as moderate. Of the 17 selected studies evaluating body composition, 7 were of strong quality and the remaining 10 were rated as moderate. Compared to pre-Ramadan, energy (number of studies, K = 7; number of participants, N = 78; g = -0.781; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.416 to -0.145; p = 0.016), carbohydrate (K = 5; N = 50; g = -1.643; 95% CI, -2.949 to -0.336; p = 0.014), and water (K = 4; N = 39; g = -1.081; 95% CI, -1.371 to -0.790; p = 0.000) intakes decreased during Ramadan. However, fat (K = 5; N = 50; g = -0.472; 95% CI, -1.085 to 0.140; p = 0.131) and protein (K = 5; N = 60; g = -0.574; 95% CI, -1.213 to -0.066; p = 0.079) intakes remained unchanged. Compared to pre-Ramadan, body mass (K = 16; N = 131; g = -0.262; 95% CI, -0.427 to -0.097; p = 0.002) and body fat percentage (K = 8; N = 81; g = -0.197; 95% CI, -0.355 to -0.040; p = 0.014) decreased in the fourth week of Ramadan. Lean body mass did not change during Ramadan (K = 4; N = 45; g = -0.047; 95% CI, -0.257 to 0.162; p = 0.658). Carbohydrate and total water intake decreased with the observance of Ramadan, but fat and protein intake were unchanged. Continued training of athletes during Ramadan was associated with a decreased body mass and body fat percentage, but not lean body mass, toward the end of the fasting month. Key pointsRamadan fasting decreases body mass and body fat percentage of athletes, but not lean body mass.Longer durations of fasting could provoke more pronounced decrements in body mass.Carbohydrate and total water intake decreased during Ramadan in athletes.Future studies, with greater methodological rigor, are required to better discern changes in dietary intake and body composition during Ramadan. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.2000902 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Omar Boukhris
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Stephen R Stannard
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gary Slater
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Piotr Żmijewski
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
- UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sports Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Hôpital Farhat Hached de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche "Insuffisance Cardiaque", Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory ''Sport Performance Optimization'', (CNMSS), ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Tunisie
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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9
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boujelbane MA, Puce L, Garbarino S, Scoditti E, Boukhris O, Khanfir S, Clark CCT, Glenn JM, Alhaj OA, Jahrami H, Chtourou H, Bragazzi NL. Religious fasting and its impacts on individual, public, and planetary health: Fasting as a "religious health asset" for a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable society. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1036496. [PMID: 36505246 PMCID: PMC9729557 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Religious fasting is practiced by people of all faiths, including Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, as well as Hinduism, Judaism, and Taoism. Individual/clinical, public, global, and planetary health has traditionally been studied as separate entities. Nevertheless, religious fasting, in conjunction with other religious health assets, can provide several opportunities, ranging from the individual to the population, environmental, and planetary levels, by facilitating and supporting societal transformations and changes, such as the adoption of healthier, more equitable, and sustainable lifestyles, therein preserving the Earth's systems and addressing major interconnected, cascading, and compound challenges. In this review, we will summarize the most recent evidence on the effects of religious fasting, particularly Orthodox and Ramadan Islamic fasting, on human and public health. Further, we will explore the potential effects of religious fasting on tackling current environmental issues, with a special focus on nutrition/food restriction and planetary health. Finally, specific recommendations, particularly around dietary intake during the fasting rituals, will be provided to ensure a sustainable healthy planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, LIRTES (EA 7313), Créteil, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Saber Khanfir
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Omar A. Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Yagin FH, Eken Ö, Bayer R, Salcman V, Gabrys T, Koç H, Yagin B, Eken İ. A Thirty-Minute Nap Enhances Performance in Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Tests during and after Ramadan Observance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14699. [PMID: 36429417 PMCID: PMC9690990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a 30 min nap (N30) on the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) both during and after Ramadan. Ten physically active kickboxers (age: 21.20 ± 1.61 years, height: 174.80 ± 4.34 cm, body mass: 73.30 ± 7.10 kg and body mass index (BMI): 24.00 ± 2.21 kg/m2) voluntarily performed the RAST test after an N30 and in a no-nap condition (NN) during two experimental periods: the last ten days of Ramadan (DR) and ∼3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). During each DR-NN, DR-N30, AR-NN and AR-N30 protocol, kickboxers performed RAST performance. A statistically significant difference was found between Ramadan periods (DR vs. AR) in terms of max power (W) (F = 80.93; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.89), minimum power (W) (F = 49.05; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.84), average power (W) (F = 83.79; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.90) and fatigue index (%) results (F = 11.25; p1 = 0.008; η2p = 0.55). In addition, the nap factor was statistically significant in terms of the max power (W) (F = 81.89; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.90), minimum power (W) (F = 80.37; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.89), average power (W) (F = 108.41; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.92) and fatigue index (%) results (F = 16.14; p2 = 0.003; η2p = 0.64). Taking a daytime nap benefits subsequent performance in RAST. The benefits of napping were greater after an N30 opportunity for DR and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bayer
- Department of Gerontology, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Vaclav Salcman
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Gabrys
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Hürmüz Koç
- Department of Movement and Training Sciences, Faculty of Education, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Burak Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - İsmihan Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
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11
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boujelbane MA, Khacharem A, Elghoul Y, Boukhris O, Aziz AR, Taheri M, Irandoust K, Khanfir S, Chtourou H, Clark CC, Terry PC. Ramadan observance is associated with higher fatigue and lower vigor in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 2022:1-28. [DOI: 10.1080/1750984x.2022.2106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aimen Khacharem
- UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Yousri Elghoul
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore
| | | | | | - Saber Khanfir
- Faculty of Medecine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter C. Terry
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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BATAR N, KERMEN S, SEVDİN S, ERSİN A, GÜÇLÜ D. Effect of Pilates Exercises on the Body Composition of Fasting Females. Bezmialem Science 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2021.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Nobari H, Saedmocheshi S, Murawska-ciałowicz E, Clemente FM, Suzuki K, Silva AF. Exploring the Effects of Energy Constraints on Performance, Body Composition, Endocrinological/Hematological Biomarkers, and Immune System among Athletes: An Overview of the Fasting State. Nutrients 2022; 14:3197. [PMID: 35956373 PMCID: PMC9370338 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ramadan fasting period (RFP) means abstaining from consuming food and/or beverages during certain hours of the day—from sunrise to sunset. Engaging in exercise and sports during the RFP leads to the lipolysis of adipose tissue and an increase in the breakdown of peripheral fat, leading to an increase in fat consumption. The effects of the RFP on functional, hematological, and metabolic parameters needs further study as existing studies have reported contradictory results. The differences in the results of various studies are due to the geographical characteristics of Muslim athletes, their specific diets, and their genetics, which explain these variations. In recent years, the attention of medical and sports researchers on the effects of the RFP and energy restrictions on bodily functions and athletic performance has increased significantly. Therefore, this brief article examines the effects of the RFP on the immune system, body composition, hematology, and the functionality of athletes during and after the RFP. We found that most sporting activities were performed during any time of the day without being affected by Ramadan fasting. Athletes were able to participate in their physical activities during fasting periods and saw few effects on their performance. Sleep and nutritional factors should be adjusted so that athletic performance is not impaired.
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Leow CHW, Tan B, Miyashita M, Lee JKW. Cultural differences in hydration practices among physically active individuals: a narrative review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:150-163. [PMID: 35599916 PMCID: PMC9116399 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2057196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that appropriate hydration practices are essential in promoting health and optimizing performance and recovery. However, evidence-based hydration guidelines may not be adopted due to cultural differences across countries, such as religious beliefs, traditions, preferences, and beverage availability. Examples of hydration practices influenced by culture include beer consumption after sports in Western countries, consumption of sugarcane juice in India and Ramadan fasting among Muslims. For most cultural hydration practices, there is limited scientific evidence on their effects on rehydration, exercise performance, and recovery. Despite possible benefits of various hydration practices on exercise performance and recovery, they are inconsistent with current evidence-based hydration recommendations. More research on the impacts of cultural hydration differences on physiology, performance, and recovery is warranted to allow evidence-based guidelines and advisories. Abbreviations: ABV: alcohol by volume, ACSM: American College of Sports Medicine, NATA: National Athletic Trainers’ Association, ROS: reactive oxygen species, TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence Hong Wei Leow
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 2 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Beverly Tan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 2 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 2 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Glenn JM, Boukhris O, Khacharem A, Bouaziz B, Zmijewski P, Lanteri P, Garbarino S, Clark CCT, Chamari K, Bragazzi NL, Hill D, Chtourou H. Does observance of Ramadan affect sleep in athletes and physically active individuals? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13503. [PMID: 34693577 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an accurate description of the effect of Ramadan observance on sleep duration, sleep quality, daily nap duration, and daytime sleepiness in athletes and physically active individuals. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley, and Taylor and Francis) were used to search for relevant studies conducted with athletes or physically active individuals during Ramadan, published in any language, and available before May 23, 2021. Studies that included assessments of sleep quantity and/or quality, and/or daytime sleepiness, and/or daily naps in athletes and physically active individuals were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using "QualSyst". Of the 18 papers included in this study (298 participants in total), 14 were of strong quality, two were moderate, and the remaining two were rated as weak. Individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration (number of studies, K = 17, number of participants, N = 289, g = -0.766, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.199 to -0.333, p = 0.001). Additionally, the global score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index increased from 4.053 (K = 5, N = 65, 95% CI 3.071-5.034) pre-Ramadan, to 5.346 (95% CI 4.362-6.333) during Ramadan, indicating a decrease in sleep quality. The duration of daytime naps increased during compared to pre-Ramadan (K = 2, N = 31, g = 1.020, 95% CI 0.595-1.445, p = 0.000), whereas Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores remained unchanged during versus pre-Ramadan (K = 3, N = 31, g = 0.190, 95% CI -0.139-0.519, p = 0.257). In conclusion, individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration, impairment of sleep quality, and increase in daytime nap duration, with no change in daytime sleepiness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aimen Khacharem
- LIRTES (EA 7313), UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", (CNMSS); ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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16
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Besler BC, Fear EC. Microwave Hydration Monitoring: System Assessment Using Fasting Volunteers. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:6949. [PMID: 34770259 DOI: 10.3390/s21216949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hydration is an important aspect of human health, as water is a critical nutrient used in many physiological processes. However, there is currently no clinical gold standard for non-invasively assessing hydration status. Recent work has suggested that permittivity in the microwave frequency range provides a physiologically meaningful metric for hydration monitoring. Using a simple time of flight technique for estimating permittivity, this study investigates microwave-based hydration assessment using a population of volunteers fasting during Ramadan. Volunteers are measured throughout the day while fasting during Ramadan and while not fasting after Ramadan. Comparing the estimated changes in permittivity to changes in weight and the time s fails to establish a clear relationship between permittivity and hydration. Assessing the subtle changes in hydration found in a population of sedentary, healthy adults proves difficult and more work is required to determine approaches suitable for tracking subtle changes in hydration over time with microwave-based hydration assessment techniques.
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17
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Bandarian F, Namazi N, Atlasi R, Nasli-Esfahani E, Larijani B. Research gaps in Ramadan fasting studies in health and disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:831-835. [PMID: 33866118 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ramadan fasting is a religious fasting of Muslims and has many effects on health and disease. This study aim was to analyze Ramadan fasting research output during the past five years and identify research gaps in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed in Web of Science, pubmed, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane databases by appropriate keywords. Documents published between January 2015 and January 2020 with English language were included. After removing duplicates, remained documents were screened and classified. RESULTS Finally, after screening, 393 documents remained and were classified. Of these documents, 53 were review article and 338 original articles. More than 96% of studies were clinical study while basic science studies were too limited. Among the study topics, diabetes mellitus with 31% was the most common topic followed by metabolic disorders and nutrition, respectively. CONCLUSION Ramadan fasting is an important religious issue that needs more attention. Research should be directed to clinical and basic studies in different health and disease conditions other than nutrition and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bandarian
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasha Atlasi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Paryab N, Taheri M, H'Mida C, Irandoust K, Mirmoezzi M, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Chtourou H. Melatonin supplementation improves psychomotor and physical performance in collegiate student-athletes following a sleep deprivation night. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:753-761. [PMID: 33845710 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1889578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies report sleep deprivation negatively impacts post-cognitive and physical performance, and other functions. Recent findings indicate ingestion of melatonin prior to exercise enhances tolerance to training and improves competition. We investigated the effects of melatonin supplementation on psychomotor performance and selected physical fitness measures of collegiate student-athletes following 4 h and 24 h of sleep deprivation. The study employed a repeated-measures, double-blind, randomized controlled protocol with posttest control group design with six conditions [3 sleep conditions (without sleep deprivation, 4 h sleep deprivation (4SD) and 24 h sleep deprivation (24SD)) × 2 supplementation conditions (melatonin and placebo)]. Ten trained male collegiate student-athletes (mean ± SD; age: 20 ± 2 y) attended the laboratory on six occasions with 72 h between successive visits. Placebo or 6 mg of melatonin were administered orally in capsules 30 min before the tests of: static and dynamic balance, reaction time, and anaerobic power. Also, blood lactate was measured before and 3 min after the anaerobic power exercise. During the placebo session, the results indicated that 4SD and 24SD had negative effect on the measured parameters, with higher impacts of the 24SD condition. Compared to placebo and during both 4SD and 24SD conditions, melatonin had a positive effect on static and dynamic balance, anaerobic power, blood lactic acid, and reaction time (p < .05). However, 6 mg melatonin ingestion had no significant effect on all dependent variables in collegiate student-athletes after the night without a sleep deprivation (p > .05). In conclusion, 6 mg of melatonin may be used by student-athletes to improve balance and psychomotor and physical performances after 4 h or 24 h of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Paryab
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Cyrine H'Mida
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Khadijah Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirmoezzi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
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19
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Graja A, Ghattassi K, Boudhina N, Bouzid MA, Chahed H, Ferchichi S, Driss T, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on cognitive, physical and biochemical responses to strenuous short-term exercises in elite young female handball players. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113241. [PMID: 33157076 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RF) on cognitive and physical performance and biochemical responses to specific exercises in elite young female handball players. Twelve athletes participated in three experimental sessions: one week before Ramadan (BR), during the first week of Ramadan (FWR) and during the last week of Ramadan (LWR). The present crossover study was carried out in Tunisia during the 2013 Ramadan month lasting from 9 July to 7 august. During each session, a battery of tests was performed as follow: Hooper index, vigilance test (VT), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), five jump test (5-JT), modified agility T-test (MAT), maximal standing ball-throw velocity test (MSBVT) and Running-based Anaerobic Sprint (RAST) Test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded immediately after the RAST. Blood samples were collected before and after exercises during each session. The results showed that ESS scores were higher during LWR than BR (p < 0.05). Moreover, MSBVT time decreased (p < 0.05) during LWR, therefore performance enhanced. The power of three final sprints from the RAST decreased significantly only during LWR compared to BR (p < 0.05). RAST fatigue index and RPE scores were higher during LWR more than BR (p < 0.05). The results showed also that hematological measures (i.e., red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit), plasma osmolarity and energetic markers were unaffected by RF. Biomarkers of muscle damage were higher after the RAST only during LWR compared to BR (p < 0.01 for all). In conclusion, RF increased ESS and decreased RAST performances associated with higher muscle damage and fatigue, especially at LWR. These previous alterations could be attributed to disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms rather than nutritional deficiency or dehydratation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Graja
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; High institute of sport and physical education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia.
| | - Kais Ghattassi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nahla Boudhina
- High institute of sport and physical education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Henda Chahed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
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20
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Souissi M, Souissi Y, Bayoudh A, Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT, Chtourou H. Effects of a 30 min nap opportunity on cognitive and short-duration high-intensity performances and mood states after a partial sleep deprivation night. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2553-2561. [PMID: 32734824 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1793651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of partial-sleep-deprivation (SDN) and a 30 min nap opportunity on physical and cognitive performances and mood states. Fourteen physically active students (BMI = 232.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2) performed the reaction time, the number cancellation (i.e., assessing vigilance) and the 5-m shuttle run tests and responded to the Profile of Mood States (POMS-f) questionnaire at 18h00 after a normal-sleep (NSN) and a SDN) and after two nap conditions (Nap and no-Nap) realized between 13h00 and 13h30. Vigilance and the reaction time were better after Nap compared to no-Nap opportunity following NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN only during no-Nap. Total and peak distance during the 5-m shuttle run test were higher and the fatigue index was lower during Nap compared to no-Nap condition after NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN during Nap and no-Nnap. Anxiety, fatigue, confusion, and depression were lower and vigour was higher during Nap compared to no-Nap after NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN during Nap and no-Nap. In conclusion, a 30-min of nap opportunity helps to overcome the negative effect of SDN on mood states as well as physical and cognitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makram Souissi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Souissi
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Bayoudh
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Institut Supérieur Du Sport Et De L'éducation Physique De Sfax, Université De Sfax , Sfax, Tunisie.,Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport , Tunis, Tunisie
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21
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Hsouna H, Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Abdessalem R, Ammar A, Glenn JM, Bott N, Souissi N, Lanteri P, Garbarino S, Bragazzi NL, Chtourou H. A Thirty-Five-Minute Nap Improves Performance and Attention in the 5-m Shuttle Run Test during and Outside Ramadan Observance. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:E98. [PMID: 32664557 DOI: 10.3390/sports8070098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramadan observance is characterized by several changes in behaviors, such as food and sleep, which could affect physical and cognitive performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 35-min nap (N35) opportunity on physical performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT); attention; feelings; mood states; and perceptual measures of stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness during Ramadan observance. Fourteen physically active men (22 ± 3 years, 177 ± 4 cm, 76 ± 5 kg) were tested after a no-nap condition (N0), N35 15 days before Ramadan (BR), the last 10 days of Ramadan (DR), and 20 days after Ramadan (AR). Measures included the digit cancellation test (attention estimation), the profile of mood state (POMS), and the Hooper questionnaires. After a 5-min standard warm-up, participants performed the 5mSRT (6 × 30 s with 35 s in between; best distance (BD), total distance (TD), and fatigue index (FI) were recorded), along with the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after each test repetition. After the 5mSRT test, participants responded to the feeling scale (FS). The results showed that TD and FI during the 5mSRT were not affected by Ramadan observance. However, BD was significantly lower than DR compared to AR after N0 (∆ = -4.3 ± 1.3%; p < 0.01) and N35 (∆ = -2.6 ± 1.0%; p < 0.05). After N0, attention decreased significantly at DR in comparison with BR (p < 0.05) and AR (p < 0.001). BD and TD improved after N35 compared to N0 at BR (∆ = +4.4 ± 2.1%, p < 0.05 for BD and ∆ = +4.8 ± 1.6%, p < 0.01 for TD), DR (∆ = +7.1 ± 2.2%, p < 0.05 for BD and ∆ = +5.1 ± 1.6%, p < 0.01 for TD), and AR (∆ = +5.5 ± 1.5%, p < 0.01 for BD and ∆ = +5.2 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001 for TD). A significant increase in attention was observed after N35 in comparison with N0 at DR (p < 0.01) and AR (p < 0.01). However, no changes were found for the perception of mood states, stress, sleep, muscle soreness, and the FI during the 5mSRT. Also, N35 was better than N0 for RPE at DR (p < 0.05), feelings at AR (p < 0.05), and fatigue estimation at AR (p < 0.01). A 35-min nap opportunity may have beneficial effects on physical and cognitive performances before, during, and after Ramadan.
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22
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Seifu CN, Fahey PP, Hailemariam TG, Atlantis E. Association of husbands' education status with unintended pregnancy in their wives in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235675. [PMID: 32645075 PMCID: PMC7347164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unintended pregnancy rates are substantially higher in developing regions, have significant health consequences, and disproportionately affect subgroups with socio-economic disadvantage. We aimed to examine whether there is an association between husbands’ education status and their wives unintended pregnancy in southern Ethiopia. Methods The data source for this study was from a cross-sectional study on iron-folate supplementation and compliance in Wolaita, South Ethiopia. Data were collected from October to November 2015 in 627 married pregnant women regarding their husbands’ education status, socio-demographic characteristics, and if they wanted to become pregnant at the time of survey using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate Odds Ratios (ORs) with associated z-tests and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) for variables associated with unintended pregnancy. Results The proportion of unintended pregnancy in this sample was 20.6%. Husbands’ education status, age, residence, and using family planning methods were associated with unintended pregnancy (all P-values < 0.05). Multivariable models consistently showed that being married to a husband with at least some college or university education was associated with a decreased OR for unintended pregnancy after controlling for age and use of family planning at conception period (OR 0.36 [95%CI: 0.17, 0.82]) and age and rural residence (OR 0.40 [95%CI: 0.18, 0.90]). Conclusion Unintended pregnancy among Ethiopian woman was consistently associated with being married to least educated husbands in southern Ethiopia. Increasing age and living in a rural vs urban area were also independently associated with unintended pregnancy. Strategies for addressing family planning needs of women with poorly educated husbands should be the subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canaan Negash Seifu
- School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul Patrick Fahey
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Evan Atlantis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Hsouna H, Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Abdessalem R, Ammar A, Irandoust K, Taheri M, Souissi N, Shephard RJ, Garbarino S, Bragazzi NL, Chtourou H. Effects of 25-Min Nap Opportunity during Ramadan Observance on the 5-m Shuttle Run Performance and the Perception of Fatigue in Physically Active Men. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3135. [PMID: 32365914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of a 25-min nap opportunity on physical performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT), feelings (i.e., evaluated by the feeling scale), attention (i.e., evaluated by the digit cancellation test) and the perception of fatigue (i.e., recorded by the rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) during Ramadan observance. Twelve physically active men (age: 21.1 ± 3.2 yrs, height: 1.76 ± 0.05 m, body-mass: 71.2 ± 9.3 kg) voluntarily participated in five test sessions: 15 days before Ramadan (BR), the first 10 days of Ramadan (FR), the last 10 days of Ramadan (ER), 10 days after Ramadan (10AR) and 20 days after Ramadan (20AR). During each test session, participants performed the digit cancellation test, a 5-min standard warm-up, the 5mSRT (6 × 30-s with 35-s intervals-between) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after no-nap (N0) and 25-min nap opportunity (N25) conditions. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) during each period. The total distance covered during the 5mSRT did not differ significantly before, during or after Ramadan, but was significantly greater after N25 compared to N0 at 10AR (687.5 ± 23.0 m vs. 725.6 ± 41.1 m; p = 0.018) and 20AR (698.3 ± 19.8 m vs. 742.6 ± 58.3 m; p = 0.003). The attention scores were higher after N25 in comparison with N0 at 10AR (p = 0.04) and 20AR (p = 0.02). RPE scores were not significantly different between N25 and N0 conditions. Feelings scores were higher after N25 compared to N0 during both FR (p = 0.007) and 20AR (p = 0.04). A significant deterioration of sleep quality was recorded during Ramadan (i.e., PSQI scores were significantly higher during and after compared to BR (p < 0.0005)). A 25-min nap opportunity was beneficial for physical and cognitive performance after Ramadan observance; however, any effect is insufficient to show significant beneficial impacts during Ramadan.
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24
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Baati H, Chtourou H, Moalla W, Jarraya M, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Effect of Angle of View and Partial Sleep Deprivation on Distance Perception. Front Psychol 2020; 11:201. [PMID: 32218750 PMCID: PMC7078342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intensive effort on egocentric distance perception according to different angles of view after sleep deprivation at the beginning (SDB) or at the end (SDE) of the night and after a normal sleep night (NNS). Ten male students soccer players (age 22.8 ± 1.3 years; body mass 72.0 ± 10.4 kg; body height 180.0 ± 3.0 cm) performed a repeated cycling (RS) exercise (10 × 6 s maximal cycling with 24 s in between) after SDB, SDE, and NNS. They were asked to estimate three distances (i.e. 15, 25, and 35 m) before and after RS from different angles of view [i.e. in front (0°) and in side (45° left and 45° right)]. For 35 m, distance estimation was better during NNS compared to SDB and SDE for the front and the two side angles either before or after RS (p < 0.05). Concerning 25 m, distance estimation was better after compared to before RS for the front angle during the NNS session (p < 0.05). For 15 m, distance estimation was better during NNS than SDB and SDE for the front and both side angles after RS (p < 0.05). We concluded that partial sleep deprivation negatively affected the estimation of the egocentric distance for the three angles of view either at rest or after RS exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Baati
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Moalla
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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25
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Irandoust K, Taheri M, Mirmoezzi M, H'mida C, Chtourou H, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. The Effect of Aquatic Exercise on Postural Mobility of Healthy Older Adults with Endomorphic Somatotype. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4387. [PMID: 31717625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fear of falling (FOF) limits the movements of the older adults, which, in turn, might impair postural mobility. An aquatic environment has a relatively low risk of falling and can improve motor abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aquatic exercise on postural mobility of the healthy endomorph elderly somatotype. Therefore, 37 healthy endomorphic older adults with an average age of 64.38 ± 4.12 years participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into four groups (i.e., Aquatic exercise, Dry-land exercise, Aquatic control, and Dry-land control). The Heath-Carter method was used to estimate the criterion somatotype, and the Tinetti method was used to determine postural mobility. Covariance analysis was used to examine the mean differences at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the aquatic exercise group and the two control groups (p < 0.01), and the dry-land exercise group was significantly different from the aquatic control (p < 0.05) and dry-land control groups (p < 0.01). The results indicate that the design of aquatic exercise programs, especially for endomorphic older adults with inappropriate body shape, for whom dry-land exercises are not appropriate, likely, has a positive effect on the motor control and both the balance and gait and provide appropriate postural mobility without FOF in older adults.
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Trabelsi K, Bragazzi N, Zlitni S, Khacharem A, Boukhris O, El-Abed K, Ammar A, Khanfir S, Shephard RJ, Hakim A, Moalla W, Chtourou H. Observing Ramadan and sleep-wake patterns in athletes: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:674-680. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of observing Ramadan on athletes’ sleep patterns.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe entire content of PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSingle-group, prepost and cross-over design studies conducted in athletes aged ≥18 years, training at least twice a week and published in English before 12 July 2018 were included. Studies assessing sleep quantity, quality, daytime sleepiness and/or daily naps based on objective or subjective methods were deemed eligible.Study appraisalThe methodological quality was assessed using ‘QualSyst’.ResultsOf 13 selected articles, 7 were of strong quality, 3 were moderate and 3 were weak. 11 studies evaluated total sleep time (TST); this decreased during Ramadan in 4 studies, increased in 1 and remained unchanged in 6. Pooled TST findings indicated a moderate effect size (− 0.97, SE=0.37, 95% CI −1.69 to −0.25, t=−2.64, p=0.01) with significant heterogeneity but no publication bias. Meta-regressions showed no effects of study year, age, sample size, type of sport or competition level, but there were effects of country (with France and Tunisia being the most affected countries and Turkey the least affected, Q=32.14, p<0.0001) and study design (Q=7.74, p=0.02). Four studies measured self-reported sleep quality and it decreased in three studies. One study of sleep architecture reported more frequent waking and more light sleep during Ramadan. Daily nap duration was increased in two studies, but daytime sleepiness remained unchanged in four studies.ConclusionWhen athletes continue to train at least two times/week while observing Ramadan, TST is decreased compared with athletes’ baseline levels.
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Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Shephard RJ, Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Chtourou L, Ammar A, Bragazzi NL, Chtourou H. Sleep Patterns, Alertness, Dietary Intake, Muscle Soreness, Fatigue, and Mental Stress Recorded before, during and after Ramadan Observance. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E118. [PMID: 31109004 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramadan is one of the pillars of the Islamic creed. Its observance commonly causes chrono-biological changes. The present study examined sleep and alertness during Ramadan observance relative to data collected before and after Ramadan in a sample of young, physically active men. Information was also collected on dietary intake, muscle soreness, fatigue, and mental stress over the three periods. Fourteen physically active men (age: 21.6 ± 3.3 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m, body-mass: 73.1 ± 9.0 kg) completed the Hooper questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and responded to the digit cancellation test (DCT) fifteen days before Ramadan, during the last ten days of Ramadan and 20 days after Ramadan. The PSQI results indicated that sleep duration was significantly longer before Ramadan (p = 0.003) and after Ramadan (p = 0.04) compared to during Ramadan and was longer before Ramadan than after Ramadan (p = 0.04). In addition, the sleep efficiency was lower during Ramadan in comparison to before Ramadan (p = 0.02) and after Ramadan (p = 0.04). The daytime dysfunction score increased during Ramadan in comparison with before Ramadan (p = 0.01) and after Ramadan (p = 0.04), and the sleep quality score was higher during (p = 0.003) and after Ramadan (p = 0.04) as compared to before Ramadan. The sleep disturbance score increased during Ramadan relative to before Ramadan (p = 0.04). However, Ramadan observance had no significant effect on sleep latency. Mental alertness also decreased at the end of Ramadan compared to before (p = 0.003) or after Ramadan (p = 0.01). Dietary intake, muscle soreness, fatigue, and mental stress as estimated by the Hooper questionnaire remained unchanged over the three periods of the investigation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Ramadan observance had an adverse effect on sleep quantity and on mental alertness, but not on sleep quality. However, dietary intake, muscle soreness, fatigue, and mental stress remained unaffected.
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Gueldich H, Zghal F, Borji R, Chtourou H, Sahli S, Rebai H. The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on the underlying mechanisms of force production capacity during maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:698-708. [PMID: 30889992 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1592183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the underlying mechanisms of force production capacity during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using the superimposed twitch technique. Ten healthy male physical education students performed three MVIC of the knee extensor superimposed with nerve electrical stimulation during four testing phases: one week before Ramadan (BR), at the end of the first week of Ramadan (R-1), during the fourth week of Ramadan (R-4) and two weeks after Ramadan (AR). This study was performed during Ramadan 2016. MVIC values, voluntary activation level (VAL), potentiated resting twitch and electromyography signals were recorded during each MVIC. The French version of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS-f) was used to evaluate the subjective mood states in each testing session. The results showed that MVIC values (890.57 ± 67.90 vs. 816.46 ± 54.72 N) and VAL (87.73 ± 3.27 vs. 77.32 ± 7.87%) decreased at R-1 compared to BR (p < 0.001). However, the neuromuscular efficiency and the potentiated resting twitch remained unchanged during Ramadan (R). Results showed that depression (p < 0.01; 6.3 ± 1.57 vs. 4.7 ± 1.25), fatigue (p < 0.001; 9.2 ± 1.93 vs. 4.6 ± 2.01) and anxiety (p < 0.001; 6.4 ± 1.51 vs. 11.8 ± 1.23) scores of POMS-f were higher during R-1 compared to BR. In conclusion, RIF-related impairment of maximal muscle force seems to be related to nervous alterations of the VAL, whereas the RIF did not adversely affect peripheral mechanisms. Abbreviations' List: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; AR: After Ramadan; BMI: Body-mass index; BR: Before Ramadan; EMG: Electromyography; ER: End of Ramadan; MF: Mean frequency; Mmax: Peak-to-peak M-wave amplitudes; MVIV: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction; NES: Nerve electrical stimulation; NME: Neuromuscular efficiency; POMS-f: French version of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire; R: Ramadan; R-1: First week of Ramadan; R-4: Fourth week of Ramadan; RF: Rectus femoris; RIF: Ramadan intermittent fasting; RMS: Root mean square; VAL: Voluntary activation level; VL: Vastus lateralis; VM: Vastus medialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy Gueldich
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Firas Zghal
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia.,b Université Côte d'Azur , LAMHESS , France
| | - Rihab Borji
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- c Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax , Université de Sfax , Sfax , Tunisie.,d Activité Physique , Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport , Tunis , Tunisie
| | - Sonia Sahli
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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Beshyah S, Badi A, El-Ghul A, Gabroun A, Dougman K, Eledrisi M. The Year in “Ramadan Fasting and Health” (2018): A Narrative Review. Ibnosina J Med Biomed Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmbs.ijmbs_77_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Boukhris O, Hsouna H, Chtourou L, Abdesalem R, BenSalem S, Tahri N, Trabelsi K, Stannard SR, Chtourou H. Effect of Ramadan fasting on feelings, dietary intake, rating of perceived exertion and repeated high intensity short-term maximal performance. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:1-10. [PMID: 30207750 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1513943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting on feelings, dietary intake, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and repeated high-intensity short-term maximal performance. Thirteen physically active men (age: 21.2 ± 2.9 years, height: 175.6 ± 5.6 cm, body-mass: 72.4 ± 8.6 kg) performed a 5-m shuttle run test (6 × 30-s + 35-s of recovery in-between) during five experimental periods: fifteen days before Ramadan (BR), the first ten days of Ramadan (FR), the last ten days of Ramadan (ER), ten days after Ramadan (AR10) and 20 days after Ramadan (AR20). The study was carried out in Tunisia during the 2016 Ramadan month. During the 5-m shuttle run test, higher distance (HD), total distance (TD) and fatigue index (FI) were recorded. RPE was determined after a 5-min warm-up and after each repetition of the 5-m shuttle run test (the mean RPE score during the test was calculated). Moreover, a feelings scale (FS) was used after the warm-up and after the end of the 5-m shuttle run test. During the five experimental periods, dietary intake was assessed. The results showed that HD, TD and FI during the 5-m shuttle run test were not affected by Ramadan observance (p > 0.05). Likewise, FS scores recorded after the warm-up and the 5-m shuttle run test were not affected by Ramadan fasting (p > 0.05). However, mean RPE scores during the 5-m shuttle run test were significantly lower at ER (4.06 UA), AR10 (3.86 UA) and AR20 (3.71 UA) in comparison to BR (4.51 UA) (p < 0.05). The results showed also that Ramadan fasting has no adverse effect on energy intake, protein (g and %), fat (g and %) and carbohydrate (g). However, the fractional contribution of carbohydrate was significantly higher AR10 than FR (53.1% vs. 45.8%) and ER (53.1% vs. 46.5%) and AR20 than FR (5.92% vs. 45.8%) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Ramadan fasting has no adverse effect on feelings, dietary intake, and short-term maximal performance. However, the RPE during repeated high intensity short-term maximal exercise was reduced AR20 in comparison to ER. Abbreviations: AR: After Ramadan; AR10: Ten days after Ramadan; AR20: Twenty days after Ramadan; BR: Fifteen days before Ramadan; ER: Last ten days of Ramadan; FI: Fatigue index; FR: First ten days of Ramadan; FS: Feelings scale; HD: Higher distance; PSQI: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RPE: Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale; TD: Total distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Lassaad Chtourou
- b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Hedi Chaker Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdesalem
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Sahar BenSalem
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Nabil Tahri
- b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Hedi Chaker Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Stephen R Stannard
- c School of Sport and Exercise , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
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