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Zhang J, Xiang F, Ding Y, Hu W, Wang H, Zhang X, Lei Z, Li T, Wang P, Kang X. Identification and validation of RNA-binding protein SLC3A2 regulates melanocyte ferroptosis in vitiligo by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:236. [PMID: 38438962 PMCID: PMC10910712 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains unclear. The genes encoding vitiligo-related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their underlying pathogenic mechanism have not been determined. RESULTS Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the CNCB database was obtained to identify distinct cell types and subpopulations and the relative proportion changes in vitiligo and healthy samples. We identified 14 different cell types and 28 cell subpopulations. The proportion of each cell subpopulation significantly differed between the patients with vitiligo and healthy groups. Using RBP genes for unsupervised clustering, we obtained the specific RBP genes of different cell types in vitiligo and healthy groups. The RBP gene expression was highly heterogeneous; there were significant differences in some cell types, such as keratinocytes, Langerhans, and melanocytes, while there were no significant differences in other cells, such as T cells and fibroblasts, in the two groups. The melanocyte-specific RBP genes were enriched in the apoptosis and immune-related pathways in the patients with vitiligo. Combined with the bulk RNA-seq data of melanocytes, key RBP genes related to melanocytes were identified, including eight upregulated RBP genes (CDKN2A, HLA-A, RPL12, RPL29, RPL31, RPS19, RPS21, and RPS28) and one downregulated RBP gene (SLC3A2). Cell experiments were conducted to explore the role of the key RBP gene SLC3A2 in vitiligo. Cell experiments confirmed that melanocyte proliferation decreased, whereas apoptosis increased, after SLC3A2 knockdown. SLC3A2 knockdown in melanocytes also decreased the SOD activity and melanin content; increased the Fe2+, ROS, and MDA content; significantly increased the expression levels of TYR and COX2; and decreased the expression levels of glutathione and GPX4. CONCLUSION We identified the RBP genes of different cell subsets in patients with vitiligo and confirmed that downregulating SLC3A2 can promote ferroptosis in melanocytes. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Xiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zixian Lei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China.
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Wang X, Wu W, Chen J, Li C, Li S. Management of the refractory vitiligo patient: current therapeutic strategies and future options. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1294919. [PMID: 38239366 PMCID: PMC10794984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease that leads to disfiguring depigmented lesions of skin and mucosa. Although effective treatments are available for vitiligo, there are still some patients with poor responses to conventional treatment. Refractory vitiligo lesions are mostly located on exposed sites such as acral sites and lips, leading to significant life stress. Understanding the causes of refractory vitiligo and developing targeted treatments are essential to enhance vitiligo outcomes. In this review, we summarized recent treatment approaches and some potential methods for refractory vitiligo. Janus kinase inhibitors have shown efficacy in refractory vitiligo. A variety of surgical interventions and fractional carbon dioxide laser have been widely applied to combination therapies. Furthermore, melanocyte regeneration and activation therapies are potentially effective strategies. Patients with refractory vitiligo should be referred to psychological monitoring and interventions to reduce the potential pathogenic effects of chronic stress. Finally, methods for depigmentation and camouflage may be beneficial in achieving uniform skin color and improved quality of life. Our ultimate focus is to provide alternative options for refractory vitiligo and to bring inspiration to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuli Li
- *Correspondence: Shuli Li, ; Chunying Li,
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Altalhab S. Modalities of treatment for Nevus depigmentosus: review of the literature. J DERMATOL TREAT 2023; 34:2258241. [PMID: 37700698 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2258241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nevus depigmentosus (ND) is one of the pigmentary conditions that is characterized by a hypopigmented patch with an irregular border. It is usually present at birth or shortly after birth. It is not a progressive condition, but it may increase in size in proportion to the growth of the body. Despite many treatment modalities, there is no effective treatment for this condition. OBJECTIVE To review all articles about the treatment options for ND. METHODS Pubmed database were searched for this study, and relative clinical trials were included in the review. Descriptive findings, including age, gender, and treatment modality and response, were reported. RESULTS A total of 62 articles were identified, and 16 relevant articles were included in this review after screening and removing the duplicates. CONCLUSION In the literature, a limited number of treatment modalities have been employed for ND. Among these, surgical interventions and phototherapy have been the most commonly studied, but their efficacy has varied. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure for ND, and recurrence of the lesion is not an uncommon occurrence even after complete clearance. Furthermore, there is a dearth of large-scale clinical studies that comprehensively analyze the different treatment modalities for ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Altalhab
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hasan MS, Almohsen AM, Nasr MI, Rageh MA. Dermabrasion Versus Microneedling in Transplantation of Autologous Noncultured Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Cell Suspension in Patients With Vitiligo. Dermatol Surg 2023. [PMID: 36892550 DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous noncultured melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation is one of the procedures used to treat stable vitiligo with varying reported results. Recipient site preparation is one of the variables that could affect repigmentation outcomes. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of transplanting autologous melanocyte-keratinocyte suspension in patients with stable vitiligo and to compare recipient site preparation using dermabrasion versus microneedling. METHODS From March 2020 to September 2022, this randomized comparative study included 40 patients with 40 stable vitiligo lesions managed by suspension transplants of melanocytes. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A, where the recipient site was prepared using dermabrasion, and group B, which was done by microneedling. The assessment was performed 3 months after the treatment based on the degree of repigmentation (excellent, ≥90%; good, 50%-89%; fair, 20%-49%; and poor response, <20%). RESULTS Both modalities resulted in effective repigmentation, but the dermabrasion group showed a statistically significant improvement and a satisfactory repigmentation rate. CONCLUSION Autologous melanocyte transplantation is a safe and effective treatment method for stable vitiligo lesions that have not responded to other therapies. When compared with microneedling, dermabrasion produced better outcomes for recipient site preparation.
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