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Zhang H, Yi X, Hu W, Zhu G, Fu X, Jin W, Qin L, Li M. MEHP activates JNK to inhibit the migration of human foreskin fibroblasts. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:423-434. [PMID: 37812750 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2023.2262082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF-1) and the role of the JNK signaling pathway in cell migration. HFF-1 cells were randomly assigned to the control group with 0 MEHP exposure (M0) or the experimental groups with 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μmol/L MEHP exposure (M25, M50, M100, M200, and M400, respectively). After 24 and 48 h of MEHP exposure, the proliferation of HFF-1 cells in any group had no significant change. However, compared with the M0 group, the M200 and M400 groups presented substantially increased apoptosis of HFF-1 cells. Moreover, cell migration ability significantly decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the transcription and phosphorylated protein activation of JNK kinase in HFF-1 cells were substantially upregulated with the increase in MEHP exposure. Subsequently, HFF-1 cells were randomly divided into three groups: the DMSO blank control group, the 100 μM MEHP experimental group (M100), and the 100 μM MEHP plus 10 μM SP600125 (specific JNK inhibitor) experimental group (S10). The activation of JNK protein in HFF-1 cells was substantially downregulated in the S10 group. HFF-1 cells were also divided into the blank control group (M0). They were treated with 100 μM MEHP and varying concentrations of SP600125 (5, 10, and 15 μM for S5, S10, and S15, respectively). As the concentration of the antagonist increased, the migration ability of HFF-1 cells was returned to normal. Finally, the ROS in HFF-1 cells increased under MEHP exposure. This finding indicates that the regulation of cell migration by the JNK signaling pathway may be important in the occurrence of hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuan Yi
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Fu
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Long Qin
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingyong Li
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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Mahmoudi A, Hadrich F, Bouallagui Z, Feki I, Ghorbel H, Ayadi L, Chamkha M, Sayadi S. Comparative study of the effect of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol rich extracts on the reproductive toxicity induced by bisphenol A in male rats: biochemical, histopathological, and molecular analyses. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27836-y. [PMID: 37273043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A, or BPA, goes into the composition of a large number of products including sunglasses, infant's feeding bottles, receipts, or food packaging. Nowadays, there is a growing evidence that BPA may be at the origin of several physiological malignancies. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol extracted from olive leaves are highly investigated for numerous health benefits. The present work investigates the potential protective proprieties of olive leaf extracts against BPA-induced testicular damage in Wistar rats. Thirty-two animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, BPA-treated (10 mg/kg), BPA and oleuropein rich extract (16 mg/kg) treatment, and the last group treated with BPA and hydroxytyrosol rich extract (16 mg/kg). Biochemical parameters and histological and molecular analyses were evaluated. Our data demonstrated that BPA treatment caused significant alteration in biochemical parameters, disorganization of germinal epithelium, an up-regulation of p53 and Bax, and a reduction of Bcl-2 protein levels. The ingestion of oleuropein- and hydroxytyrosol-rich extracts attenuated BPA-induced biochemical and histological changes. In fact, olive leaf extracts enhanced the enzymatic antioxidant system and the level of Bcl-2, and reduced the expression of p53 and Bax. Fairly, our findings propose that olive leaf extracts may compete with BPA-induced reprotoxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Fatma Hadrich
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhaier Bouallagui
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Feki
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hela Ghorbel
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, 1175, 3038, Sfax, BP, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Ayadi
- Laboratory of Pathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center of Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
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Li X, Meng F, Ye L, Qiao X, Li J, Tian L, Su M, Lin L, Ge RS, Wang Y. Tetramethyl bisphenol A stimulates proliferation but inhibits fetal Leydig cell function in male rats by targeting estrogen receptor α after in utero exposure. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:2743-2755. [PMID: 36214340 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethyl bisphenol A (TMBPA) is a widely used flame retardant. TMBPA has been a toxic to Leydig cells in puberty, but it remains unclear whether TMBPA has a similar inhibitor effect on fetal Leydig cells (FLCs). This study reported morphological and functional alterations of FLCs in the testes of male offspring at birth after in utero exposure to TMBPA. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were dosed via continuous gavage of TMBPA (0, 10, 50, and 200 mg/kg/day) from gestational day 14 to 21. TMBPA markedly raised serum total testosterone level, testicular volume, and FLC number of male offspring at 200 mg/kg dose. The up-regulation of Insl3, Star, and Cyp11a1 mRNAs was observed after 200 mg/kg TMBPA exposure. After normalization to the number of FLCs, TMBPA significantly reduced Lhcgr and Hsd3b1 expressions at 10 mg/kg, and Cyp17a1 at 200 mg/kg paralleling with their protein levels. TMBPA compromised the expression of Esr1, while increased the expression of Cdk2 and Cdk4 as well as their protein levels. TMBPA particularly increased the phosphorylation of AKT1 and AKT2 at 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, the present study suggests that TMBPA may promote FLC proliferation via ESR1-CDK2/4-AKT pathway, while inhibits the function of FLCs by reducing steroidogenic enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangyan Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liben Lin
- Department of pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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Ozkemahli G, Ozyurt AB, Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Yersal N, Kocer-Gumusel B. The Effects of Prenatal and Lactational Bisphenol A and/or Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure on Female Reproductive System. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:597-605. [PMID: 35321620 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2057265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which are abundantly used in polyvinyl chloride plastics, polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Prenatal and early postnatal exposures to EDCs are suggested to be more critical. Such exposures can lead to reprotoxic effects, hormonal and metabolic consequences in adulthood. Moreover, combined exposure to different EDCs can lead to more serious adverse effects, some of which cannot be predicted by examining their individual toxicity profiles. This study aimed to evaluate effects of single and combined prenatal and lactational exposures to BPA and/or DEHP on female reproductive hormones and ovarian follicle development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly to four groups (n = 3/group): Control (received vehicle only); DEHP (30 mg/kg/day); BPA (50 mg/kg/day) and BPA + DEHP (30 mg/kg/day DEHP; 50 mg/kg/day BPA) through 6-21 gestational days and lactation by intra-gastric lavage. Female offspring (n = 6/group) were fed until the end of twelfth postnatal week and then euthanized. Reproductive hormones, ovarian follicle numbers and ovarian development were determined. Plasma testosterone and estradiol levels of BPA and BPA + DEHP groups were significantly lower than control. In BPA group, the number of tertiary ovarian follicles decreased significantly compared to control. In the combined exposure group, the number of corpus luteum (29%) as well as the number of primordial follicles (36%) showed marked decreases compared to control group.It can be suggested that early life exposure to BPA and DEHP may cause late life adverse effects in female reproductive system especially after combined exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ozkemahli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aylin Balci Ozyurt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Yersal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang K, Huang D, Zhou P, Su X, Yang R, Shao C, Wu J. BPA-induced prostatic hyperplasia in vitro is correlated with the unbalanced gene expression of AR and ER in the epithelium and stroma. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:585-593. [PMID: 34486460 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211042986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a typical environmental endocrine disruptor (EED), bisphenol A (BPA) can induce pathological hyperplasia of the prostatic epithelium and stroma. This study concentrates mainly on the effect and underlying mechanisms of BPA on prostatic hyperplasia, which is based on the culture of primary human prostate epithelial cells (HPEpiC) and human prostate fibroblasts (HPrF). In an effect to screen the optimal pro-survival BPA levels, HPEpiC and HPrF were, respectively, exposed to concentration gradients of BPA (10-12 M-10-4 M) solution diluted with two corresponding medium and incubated for 72 h at 37°C. CCK-8 assay showed that 10-9 M-10-5 M BPA could facilitate the proliferation of HPEpiC, while similar proliferative effect of HPrF only needed 10-11 M-10-7 M BPA. HPrF were more sensitive to BPA than HPEpiC. The qualification of PCNA gene expression measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) also mirrored the BPA-induced cell proliferation. Additionally, our results considered that androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ), and NFKB1 gene expressions exhibited up-regulation in HPEpiC treated with 10-9 M BPA for 72 h. However, in HPrF, the identical BPA treatment could activate ERα, ERβ, and NFKB1 gene expressions and down-regulated the expression of AR levels. It is further confirmed that low-dose BPA can indeed promote the proliferation of human prostate cells in vitro, and the mechanisms of BPA for prostatic epithelial and stromal hyperplasia may not be consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Wang
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Su
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfu Yang
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Shao
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- NHC Key Lab.of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), 70579Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 117748Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
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Pironti C, Ricciardi M, Proto A, Bianco PM, Montano L, Motta O. Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure. Water 2021; 13:1347. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A). In this review, we discuss recent works regarding EDC occurrence in the aquatic compartment, strengths and limitations of current analytical methods used for their detection, treatment technologies for their removal from water, and the health issues that they can trigger in humans. Nowadays, many EDCs have been identified in significant amounts in different water matrices including drinking water, thus increasing the possibility of entering the food chain. Several studies correlate human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with serious effects such as infertility, thyroid dysfunction, early puberty, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Although our intention is not to explain all disorders related to EDCs exposure, this review aims to guide future research towards a deeper knowledge of EDCs’ contamination and accumulation in water, highlighting their toxicity and exposure risks to humans.
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Wu H, Wei Y, Zhou Y, Long C, Hong Y, Fu Y, Zhao T, Wang J, Wu Y, Wu S, Shen L, Wei G. Bisphenol S perturbs Sertoli cell junctions in male rats via alterations in cytoskeletal organization mediated by an imbalance between mTORC1 and mTORC2. Sci Total Environ 2021; 762:144059. [PMID: 33360459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is now used as an alternative of bisphenol A (BPA), but has been implicated in male reproductive dysfunction-including diminished sperm number and quality and altered hormonal concentrations. However, the mechanisms of action subserving these effects remains unclear. In the present study, BPS at doses of 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw caused defects in the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES), and we also delineated an underlying molecular mechanism of action. BPS induced F-actin and α-tubulin disorganization in seminiferous tubules, which in turn led to the truncation of actin filaments and microtubules. Additionally, BPS was found to perturb the expression of the actin-binding proteins Arp3 and Eps8, which are critical for the organization of the actin filaments. mTORC1 and mTORC2 manifest opposing roles in Sertoli cell junctional function, and we demonstrated that mTORC1/rpS6/Akt/MMP9 signaling was increased and that mTORC2/rictor activity was also attenuated. In summary, we showed that BPS-induced disruption of the BTB and apical ES perturbed normal spermatogenic function that was mediated by mTORC1 and mTORC2. The imbalance in mTORC1 and mTORC2, in turn, altered the expression of actin-binding proteins, resulting in the impairment of F-actin and MT organization, and inhibited the expression of junctional proteins at the BTB and apical ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yifan Hong
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
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Erkekoglu P, Özyurt A, Yirün A, Çakır D. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome and phthalate exposure: A review of literature. Arhiv za farmaciju 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm71-34438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the body's endocrine system and cause adverse effects in biological systems. Phthalates are a group of man-made chemicals which are mainly used as plasticizers and classified as endocrine disruptors. They are also used in cosmetic and personal care products as color or smell fixators. Moreover, phthalates are present in inks, adhesives, sealants, automobile parts, tools, toys, carpets, medical tubing and blood storage bags, and food packages. Pathological condition known as "testicular dysgenesis syndrome" (TDS) or "phthalate syndrome" is usually linked to phthalate exposure and is coined to describe the rise in alterations in reproductive health in men, such as reduced semen quality (decrease in sperm counts, sperm motility and increase in abnormal sperms), hypospadias, cryptorchidism, reduced anogenital distance and early-life testicular cancer. Phthalates are suggested to cause direct effect on gonadal and non-gonadal tissues, impair the differentiation and morphogenesis of seminiferous tubules and accessory sex organs and testicular cells (both Sertoli and Leydig cells), alter estradiol and/or testosterone levels, decrease insulin-like 3 (INSL3) peptide production, impair spermatogenesis and lead to epigenetic alterations, all of which may lead to TDS. This review will mainly focus on phthalates as causes of TDS and their mechanisms of action.
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