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Remizovschi A, Carpa R, Forray FL, Chiriac C, Roba CA, Beldean-Galea S, Andrei AȘ, Szekeres E, Baricz A, Lupan I, Rudi K, Coman C. Mud volcanoes and the presence of PAHs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1253. [PMID: 31988316 PMCID: PMC6985136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A mud volcano (MV) is a naturally hydrocarbon-spiked environment, as indicated by the presence of various quantities of PAHs and aromatic isotopic shifts in its sediments. Recurrent expulsion of various hydrocarbons consolidates the growth of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial communities in the areas around MVs. In addition to the widely-known availability of biologically malleable alkanes, MVs can represent hotbeds of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well - an aspect that has not been previously explored. This study measured the availability of highly recalcitrant PAHs and the isotopic signature of MV sediments both by GC-MS and δ13C analyses. Subsequently, this study highlighted both the occurrence and distribution of putative PAH-degrading bacterial OTUs using a metabarcoding technique. The putative hydrocarbonoclastic taxa incidence are the following: Enterobacteriaceae (31.5%), Methylobacteriaceae (19.9%), Bradyrhizobiaceae (16.9%), Oxalobacteraceae (10.2%), Comamonadaceae (7.6%) and Sphingomonadaceae (5.5%). Cumulatively, the results of this study indicate that MVs represent polyaromatic hydrocarbonoclastic hotbeds, as defined by both natural PAH input and high incidence of putative PAH-degrading bacterial OTUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Remizovschi
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 1, M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Rahela Carpa
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 1, M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Ferenc L Forray
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Geology, 1, M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Cecilia Chiriac
- NIRDBS, Institute of Biological Research, 48 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen-Andreea Roba
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Beldean-Galea
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian-Ștefan Andrei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Biology Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Edina Szekeres
- NIRDBS, Institute of Biological Research, 48 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Baricz
- NIRDBS, Institute of Biological Research, 48 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Lupan
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 1, M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
| | - Cristian Coman
- NIRDBS, Institute of Biological Research, 48 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Abutokaikah MT, Gnawali GR, Frye JW, Stump CM, Tschampel J, Murphy MJ, Lachance ES, Guan S, Spilling CD, Bythell BJ. Leaving Group Effects in a Series of Electrosprayed C cH hN 1 Anthracene Derivatives. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:2306-2317. [PMID: 31399941 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the gas-phase structures and fragmentation pathways of model compounds of anthracene derivatives of the general formula CcHhN1 utilizing tandem mass spectrometry and computational methods. We vary the substituent alkyl chain length, composition, and degree of branching. We find substantial experimental and theoretical differences between the linear and branched congeners in terms of fragmentation thresholds, available pathways, and distribution of products. Our calculations predict that the linear substituents initially isomerize to form lower energy branched isomers prior to loss of the alkyl substituents as alkenes. The rate-determining chemistry underlying these related processes is dominated by the ability to stabilize the alkene loss transition structures. This task is more effectively undertaken by branched substituents. Consequently, analyte lability systematically increased with degree of branching (linear < secondary < tertiary). The resulting anthracen-9-ylmethaniminium ion generated from these alkene loss reactions undergoes rate-limiting proton transfer to enable expulsion of either hydrogen cyanide or CNH. The combination of the differences in primary fragmentation thresholds and degree of radical-based fragmentation processes provide a potential means of distinguishing compounds that contain branched alkyl chain substituents from those with linear ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha T Abutokaikah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Giri R Gnawali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Joseph W Frye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Curtis M Stump
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - John Tschampel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Matthew J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Eli S Lachance
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Shanshan Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Christopher D Spilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
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Szumińska D, Czapiewski S, Szopińska M, Polkowska Ż. Analysis of air mass back trajectories with present and historical volcanic activity and anthropogenic compounds to infer pollution sources in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 15:111-37. [DOI: 10.2478/bgeo-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This work analyses atmospheric transport of natural and anthropogenic pollution to the South Shetland Islands (SSI), with particular reference to the period September 2015 – August 2017. Based on data from the Global Volcanism Program database and air mass back trajectories calculated using the HySPLIT model, it was found that it is possible that in the analysed period volcanic pollution was supplied via long-range transport from South America, and from the South Sandwich Islands. Air masses flowed in over the South Shetland Islands from the South America region relatively frequently – 226 times during the study period, which suggests the additional possibility of anthropogenic pollution being supplied by this means. In certain cases the trajectories also indicated the possibility of atmospheric transport from the New Zealand region, and even from the south-eastern coast of Australia. The analysis of the obtained results is compared against the background of research by other authors. This is done to indicate that research into the origin of chemical compounds in the Antarctic environment should take into account the possible influx of pollutants from remote areas during the sampling period, as well as the possible reemission of compounds accumulated in snow and ice.
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Kozak K, Ruman M, Kosek K, Karasiński G, Stachnik Ł, Polkowska Ż. Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on the Occurrence of PAHs Compounds in the Aquatic Ecosystem of the Southern Part of West Spitsbergen (Hornsund Fjord, Svalbard). Water 2017; 9:42. [DOI: 10.3390/w9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Barreca S, Mazzola A, Orecchio S, Tuzzolino N. Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sediments from Sicilian Coastal Area (Scoglitti) using Automated Soxhlet, GC-MS, and Principal Component Analysis. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.886078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Orecchio S, Indelicato R, Barreca S. The distribution of phthalate esters in indoor dust of Palermo (Italy). Environ Geochem Health 2013; 35:613-24. [PMID: 23807633 PMCID: PMC3751272 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-013-9544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, phthalic acid esters (PAEs): dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-n-octyl phthalate in indoor dust (used as passive sampler) were investigated. The settled dust samples were collected from thirteen indoor environments from Palermo city. A fast and simple method using Soxhlet and GC-MS analysis has been optimized to identify and quantify the phthalates. Total phthalates concentrations in indoor dusts ranged from 269 to 4,831 mg/kg d.w. (d.w. = dry weight). The data show a linear correlation between total PAEs concentration and a single compound content, with the exclusion of the two most volatile components (DMP and DEP) that are present in appreciable amounts only in two samples. These results suggest that most of the PAEs identified in the samples of settled dust originate from the same type of material. This evidence indicates that, in a specific indoor environment, generally is not present only one compound but a mixture having over time comparable percentages of PAEs. Consequently, for routine analyses of a specific indoor environment, only a smaller number of compounds could be determined to value the contamination of that environment. We also note differences in phthalate concentrations between buildings from different construction periods; the total concentration of PAEs was higher in ancient homes compared to those constructed later. This is due to a trend to reduce or remove certain hazardous compounds from building materials and consumer goods. A linear correlation between total PAEs concentration and age of the building was observed (R = 0.71).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santino Orecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Parco Orleans II, Palermo, Italy.
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Frenna S, Mazzola A, Orecchio S, Tuzzolino N. Comparison of different methods for extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Sicilian (Italy) coastal area sediments. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:5551-62. [PMID: 23096137 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a work aimed at improving the conditions of an extraction method, coupling GC-MS determination, for the analysis without cleanup phase, of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sediment samples. The automatic Soxhlet extraction in warm mode (using Extraction System B-811 Standard, Büchi) has demonstrated advantages for automation, reduced extraction time, and lower solvent use than for conventional Soxhlet extraction. Under these conditions, the recoveries are very good as they resulted greater than 85% and, in most of the cases, near 100%. The repeatability is also satisfactory (relative standard deviation less than 15%). The detection limits are also acceptable and ranged from 0.001 to0.01 μg/kg dry weight. Fifty-four sediment samples were collected. The total concentration of the 17 compounds investigated, in samples of sediments collected from three Sicilian coastal areas, expressed as the sum of concentrations, varies from 99 to 11,557 μg/kg of dry matrix; concentrations of total PAHs in the sediments of Cala are two to three times higher than the other stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Frenna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 22, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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Holmes DE, Risso C, Smith JA, Lovley DR. Genome-scale analysis of anaerobic benzoate and phenol metabolism in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Ferroglobus placidus. ISME J 2012; 6:146-57. [PMID: 21776029 PMCID: PMC3246244 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insight into the mechanisms for the anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Ferroglobus placidus is expected to improve understanding of the degradation of aromatics in hot (>80° C) environments and to identify enzymes that might have biotechnological applications. Analysis of the F. placidus genome revealed genes predicted to encode enzymes homologous to those previously identified as having a role in benzoate and phenol metabolism in mesophilic bacteria. Surprisingly, F. placidus lacks genes for an ATP-independent class II benzoyl-CoA (coenzyme A) reductase (BCR) found in all strictly anaerobic bacteria, but has instead genes coding for a bzd-type ATP-consuming class I BCR, similar to those found in facultative bacteria. The lower portion of the benzoate degradation pathway appears to be more similar to that found in the phototroph Rhodopseudomonas palustris, than the pathway reported for all heterotrophic anaerobic benzoate degraders. Many of the genes predicted to be involved in benzoate metabolism were found in one of two gene clusters. Genes for phenol carboxylation proceeding through a phenylphosphate intermediate were identified in a single gene cluster. Analysis of transcript abundance with a whole-genome microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that most of the genes predicted to be involved in benzoate or phenol metabolism had higher transcript abundance during growth on those substrates vs growth on acetate. These results suggest that the general strategies for benzoate and phenol metabolism are highly conserved between microorganisms living in moderate and hot environments, and that anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds might be analyzed in a wide range of environments with similar molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Holmes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Johansson HAB, Zettergren H, Holm AIS, Haag N, Nielsen SB, Wyer JA, Kirketerp MBS, Støchkel K, Hvelplund P, Schmidt HT, Cederquist H. Unimolecular dissociation of anthracene and acridine cations: The importance of isomerization barriers for the C2H2 loss and HCN loss channels. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:084304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3626792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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