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Kumar D, Rahman Sarkar A, Iqbal Andrabi N, Assim Haq S, Ahmed M, Kumar Shukla S, Ahmed Z, Rai R. Synthesis, characterization, and anti-inflammatory activity of tetrahydropiperine, piperic acid, and tetrahydropiperic acid via down regulation of NF-κB pathway. Cytokine 2024; 178:156578. [PMID: 38484621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study describes the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of tetrahydropiperine (THP), piperic acid (PA), and tetrahydropiperic acid (THPA) as anti-inflammatory agents. THPA demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory activity among all the compounds. The anti-inflammatory potential was investigated in both in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models. Our findings demonstrated that THPA effectively suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, THPA attenuated the expression of i-NOS and COX-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The oral administration of THPA significantly reduced carrageenan induced paw edema thickness and alleviated liver, lung, and kidney injury induced by LPS. THPA also reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, prevented the occurrence of significant lesions, and mitigated tissue damage. Moreover, THPA significantly improved the survival rate of mice challenged with LPS. Our western blot studies also found that LPS induced NF-κB activation was downregulated by treatment with THPA in an in vivo system. These results collectively illustrated the potential of THPA as a therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diljeet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aminur Rahman Sarkar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Nusrit Iqbal Andrabi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Syed Assim Haq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmed
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanket Kumar Shukla
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Rajkishor Rai
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India.
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Smutzer G, Lee E, Shahshahani S, Puwar V, Wilson JG. The detection and modulation of piperine in the human oral cavity. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114448. [PMID: 38141751 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Piperine is an alkaloid that is responsible for the pungency of black pepper and long pepper. This hydrophobic compound causes a spicy sensation when it comes in contact with trigeminal neurons of the oral cavity. Piperine has low solubility in water, which presents difficulties in examining the psychophysical properties of this stimulus by standard aqueous chemosensory tests. This report describes approaches that utilize novel edible film formulations for delivering precise amounts of piperine to the human oral cavity. These films were then used to identify detection thresholds for piperine, and to identify the chemosensory properties of this compound at suprathreshold amounts. When incorporated into edible films, mean detection thresholds for piperine were approximately 35 nanomoles. For suprathreshold studies, edible films that contained 4000 nanomole amounts of piperine yielded variable intensity responses in subjects, with mean intensities in the moderate range. This amount of piperine caused significant self-desensitization, which was partially reversed after 60-90 min. In contrast, edible films that contained lower amounts of piperine yielded mean intensity ratings in the weak range and showed essentially no self-desensitization. The application of piperine to the circumvallate region of the tongue caused moderate intensity responses that were identified as primarily spicy, and rarely bitter. In addition, oral rinses with aqueous sucrose solutions decreased mean intensities for piperine by approximately twenty-five percent over sixty seconds. Blockage of nasal airflow significantly decreased piperine intensities in the oral cavity. These two findings indicate that oral sucrose or blockage of nasal airflow can modulate piperine perception in the human oral cavity. Finally, these results indicate that a variety of excipients can be included in edible film formulations for presenting piperine to the oral cavity at stimulus amounts that cause quantifiable chemosensory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Smutzer
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States of America.
| | - Emilie Lee
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States of America
| | - Saleh Shahshahani
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States of America
| | - Visha Puwar
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States of America
| | - Jeane Gama Wilson
- Department of Biology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, United States of America
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Ferrara F, Bondi A, Pula W, Contado C, Baldisserotto A, Manfredini S, Boldrini P, Sguizzato M, Montesi L, Benedusi M, Valacchi G, Esposito E. Ethosomes for Curcumin and Piperine Cutaneous Delivery to Prevent Environmental-Stressor-Induced Skin Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:91. [PMID: 38247515 PMCID: PMC10812558 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diesel particulate matter is one of the most dangerous environmental stressors affecting human health. Many plant-derived compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been proposed to protect the skin from pollution damage. Curcumin (CUR) has a plethora of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, it has low bioavailability due to its difficult absorption and rapid metabolism and elimination. CUR encapsulation in nanotechnological systems and its combination with biopotentiators such as piperine (PIP) can improve its pharmacokinetics, stability and activity. In this study, ethosomes (ETs) were investigated for CUR and PIP delivery to protect the skin from damage induced by diesel particulate matter. ETs were produced by different strategies and characterized for their size distribution by photon correlation spectroscopy, for their morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and for their drug encapsulation efficiency by high-performance liquid chromatography. Franz cells enabled us to evaluate in vitro the drug diffusion from ETs. The results highlighted that ETs can promote the skin permeation of curcumin. The studies carried out on their antioxidant activity demonstrated an increase in the antioxidant power of CUR using a combination of CUR and PIP separately loaded in ETs, suggesting their possible application for the prevention of skin damage due to exogenous stressors. Ex vivo studies on human skin explants have shown the suitability of drug-loaded ETs to prevent the structural damage to the skin induced by diesel engine exhaust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (A.B.); (W.P.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Agnese Bondi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (A.B.); (W.P.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Walter Pula
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (A.B.); (W.P.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Catia Contado
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (A.B.); (W.P.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Boldrini
- Center of Electron Microscopy, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (A.B.); (W.P.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Leda Montesi
- Cosmetology Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Animal Science Department, NC Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 26723, Republic of Korea
| | - Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (A.B.); (W.P.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
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Wang Y, Xu S, Tang L, Gong J, Su D, Yang H. Piperine as a Potential Nutraceutical Agent for Managing Diabetes and Its Complications: A Literature Review. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37725004 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes and its related complications has increased drastically and is currently a worldwide health challenge. There is still an urgent need for safe and effective natural products and supplements as alternative and/or adjunctive therapeutic interventions. Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to the nutritional and medicinal value of food ingredients. As one of the most widely employed spices in cooking, pepper also has novel medicinal values attributed to its main component, piperine (Pip). Pip is an amide alkaloid with pleiotropic properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and other related activities. Recently, Pip has received increasing scientific attention due to its antidiabetic and related complication properties. However, the values of existing studies are limited due to being scattered and unsystematic. The present study reviewed the therapeutic potential and possible mechanisms of Pip in diabetes and related complications, with the aim of providing promising candidates for the development of novel and effective alternative and/or adjunctive nutraceutical agents for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, the First Peoples's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lidan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Ramos INDF, da Silva MF, Lopes JMS, Cruz JN, Alves FS, do Rego JDAR, Costa MLD, Assumpção PPD, Barros Brasil DDS, Khayat AS. Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of Piperine in Its Isolated form and in Combination with Chemotherapeutics against Gastric Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:5587. [PMID: 37513459 PMCID: PMC10385350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent types of neoplasms worldwide, usually presenting as aggressive and difficult-to-manage tumors. The search for new structures with anticancer potential encompasses a vast research field in which natural products arise as promising alternatives. In this scenario, piperine, an alkaloid of the Piper species, has received attention due to its biological activity, including anticancer attributes. The present work proposes three heating-independent, reliable, low-cost, and selective methods for obtaining piperine from Piper nigrum L. (Black pepper). Electronic (SEM) and optical microscopies, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies (13C and 1H NMR), and optical spectroscopies (UV-Vis, photoluminescence, and FTIR) confirm the obtention of piperine crystals. The MTT assay reveals that the piperine samples exhibit good cytotoxic activity against primary and metastasis models of gastric cancer cell lines from the Brazilian Amazon. The samples showed selective cytotoxicity on the evaluated models, revealing higher effectiveness in cells bearing a higher degree of aggressiveness. Moreover, the investigated piperine crystals demonstrated the ability to act as a good cytotoxicity enhancer when combined with traditional chemotherapeutics (5-FU and GEM), allowing the drugs to achieve the same cytotoxic effect in cells employing lower concentrations. These results establish piperine as a promising molecule for therapy investigations in aggressive gastric cancer, both in its isolated form or as a bioenhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jordy Neves Cruz
- Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabrine Silva Alves
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Davi do Socorro Barros Brasil
- Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Science and Environment, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
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Lu H, Gong H, Du J, Gao W, Xu J, Cai X, Yang Y, Xiao H. Piperine ameliorates psoriatic skin inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110221. [PMID: 37121114 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is easy to relapse and difficult to cure. Piperine is the main alkaloid extracted from black pepper, and its role in psoriasis has not been previously reported. We identified that piperine ameliorated M5-induced psoriatic skin lesions. Furthermore, piperine alleviated psoriasis pathological features including epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the expression of psoriasis-characteristic cytokines, chemokines and proteins in IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Moreover, we determined that piperine inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 in M5- and IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions. Our data demonstrated that piperine ameliorated psoriatic skin inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3. Therefore, piperine may be one potential compound candidate for psoriasis therapy, providing new strategies for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China.
| | - Hongjian Gong
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China
| | - Wenqi Gao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Cai
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China.
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Gao S, Jiang X, Wang L, Jiang S, Luo H, Chen Y, Peng C. The pathogenesis of liver cancer and the therapeutic potential of bioactive substances. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1029601. [PMID: 36278230 PMCID: PMC9581229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1029601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world and has become an urgent problem for global public health. Bioactive substances are widely used for the treatment of liver cancer due to their widespread availability and reduced side effects. This review summarizes the main pathogenic factors involved in the development of liver cancer, including metabolic fatty liver disease, viral infection, and alcoholic cirrhosis, and focuses on the mechanism of action of bioactive components such as polysaccharides, alkaloids, phenols, peptides, and active bacteria/fungi. In addition, we also summarize transformation methods, combined therapy and modification of bioactive substances to improve the treatment efficiency against liver cancer, highlighting new ideas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyue Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyuan Luo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Cheng Peng,
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Cheng Peng,
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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Correspondence on “piperine as a potential molecule for disease prevention and management. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 2022; 11:44. [PMID: 35372589 PMCID: PMC8960093 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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