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Ghotbeddin Z, Peysokhan M, Dezfouli AM, Iraee MA. Nutritional Support of Crocin on Neurobehavioral Disabilities Induced by Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Rats. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:649-659. [PMID: 38010604 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug containing platinum, is considered a neurotoxic agent. On the other hand, crocin, the primary component of saffron, possesses neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. In this study, 28 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used (6-7 weeks old). Rats were divided into a control group (Ctr), a crocin group (Cro), a cisplatin group (Cis), and a crocin with cisplatin group (Cro + Cis). Rotarod, open field, and shuttle box tests were performed to assess balance, explorative behavior, and avoidance memory. After behavioral testing, the hippocampus was extracted to analyze oxidative stress parameters such as GPx (glutathione peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and MDA (malondialdehyde) activity. Shuttle box, rotarod, and open field results showed that crocin can substantially mitigate the deleterious effects of cisplatin on avoidance memory, explorative behavior, motor coordination, and balance. Crocin was also able to effectively avoid the negative effects of cisplatin on MDA, GPx, and CAT during the assessment of oxidative indicators, while the beneficial effect of crocin on cisplatin was not statistically significant in terms of SOD level. In conclusion, since free radicals produced by cisplatin are a contributing factor to memory loss and movement disorders, crocin, owing to its antioxidant properties, improved passive avoidance learning as well as motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Peysokhan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anahita Memar Dezfouli
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asadi Iraee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Pourmousavi L, Hashemkandi Asadi R, Zehsaz F, Jadidi RP. Effect of crocin and treadmill exercise on oxidative stress and heart damage in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281692. [PMID: 38113243 PMCID: PMC10729987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the production of free radicals and inflammatory agents in the heart tissue and alters the expression of genes associated with the induction of apoptosis. Considering the importance of common cardiovascular disorders in diabetes, this study investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and crocin use, as well as tissue damage and oxidative stress caused by diabetes in the hearts of adult rats. Streptozotocin 50 mg/kg was injected as a single dose intraperitoneally to cause the diabetes. After 72 hours, a glucometer monitored blood glucose levels, and blood glucose above 250 mg/dl was considered diabetes. Continuous treadmill exercise was performed for eight weeks by placing the animal on the treadmill. Next, the animals were anesthetized, and samples were taken from the hearts and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Then, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the cardiac tissue. Finally, the hearts of half of the animals were immediately immersed in a formalin solution for histological changes. According to our findings, diabetes increased lipid peroxidation, characterized by increased MDA levels in the control diabetes group and decreased SOD and GPx levels (P <0.05). It also changes the balance of expression of genes associated with apoptosis control, increased Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) expression, and decreased Bcl-2 expression (P <0.05). Also, we observed the induction of apoptosis in cardiac tissue. Using eight weeks of continuous exercise and administration of crocin significantly reduced blood sugar levels and lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and Bcl-2 gene expression compared to the diabetes control group. In addition, continuous exercise and crocin improved the oxidative stress parameters in the control group. This study showed that diabetes could cause oxidative stress and heart dysfunction. Moreover, simultaneously and separately, aerobic exercise with a treadmill and crocin administration can reduce these disorders and prevent apoptosis in the heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pourmousavi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Hashemkandi Asadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Zehsaz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu H, Cheng H, Wang H, Wang Q, Yuan J. Crocin improves the renal autophagy in rat experimental membranous nephropathy via regulating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2253924. [PMID: 37724538 PMCID: PMC10512763 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2253924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a glomerular disease. Crocin is isolated from saffron and gardenia. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tumor, free-radical scavenging and neuroprotective activities have been well established. We investigated the biological functions of crocin and its related mechanisms in MN. We established an experimental passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) rat model induced by anti-Fx1A antiserum. The rats were divided into sham, sham + crocin, PHN, PHN + crocin, and PHN + enalapril groups. Blood samples and kidneys of rats were collected for estimation of biochemical parameters in serum and oxidative stress indicators in kidney tissues. Histopathological changes of renal tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining. The podocyte number was estimated by immunohistochemistry staining of Wilms tumor type 1 (WT1). The deposition of rat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies, complement C3 and C5b-9 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting was performed to measure the levels of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and apoptosis-related proteins. The total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine volume and urine albumin of PMN rats were significantly reduced by crocin. Additionally, crocin attenuated the renal histopathological changes. Moreover, the oxidative stress damage and podocyte loss and immune injury were relieved by crocin in PHN rats. Mechanistically, crocin administration activated the Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. The results provide a scientific basis that crocin could alleviate MN by inhibiting immune injury and podocyte damage through activating the Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Renal Division, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- The First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- The First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhu F, Song Z, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhu D. The Renoprotective Effect of Shikonin in a Rat Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1731-1738. [PMID: 37391330 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a typical complication and pivotal cause of chronic kidney disease. The DN disease burden is among the highest in the world and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and disease burden. Safe and effective medications are urgently needed for the treatment of DN. Interest has been increasing in Shikonin, extracted from the naphthoquinone plant, particularly in determining its renal protective effect. METHODS In this study, we explored Shikonin's effects and potential mechanisms on a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN experimental model. An STZ-induced rat diabetic model was established, and the rats were treated with different doses of Shikonin (10/50 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Blood, urine, and renal tissue samples were collected after the last administration. Renal tissues were examined to detect each group's physiologic, biochemical, histopathologic, and molecular changes. RESULTS The results showed that Shikonin administration could significantly alleviate the STZ-induced elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary protein content, and renal pathologic injury. Furthermore, Shikonin significantly decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor-κB expression levels in DN kidney tissues. Shikonin showed a dose-dependent effect, with the best outcome at 50 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Shikonin could effectively alleviate DN-related nephropathy damage and reveal the underlying pharmacologic mechanism. Based on the results, a Shikonin combination can be used in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an City, China
| | - Zhengyi Song
- Department of General Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China.
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Darenskaya M, Kolesnikov S, Semenova N, Kolesnikova L. Diabetic Nephropathy: Significance of Determining Oxidative Stress and Opportunities for Antioxidant Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12378. [PMID: 37569752 PMCID: PMC10419189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) belongs to the category of socially significant diseases with epidemic rates of increases in prevalence. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a specific kind of kidney damage that occurs in 40% of patients with DM and is considered a serious complication of DM. Most modern methods for treatments aimed at slowing down the progression of DN have side effects and do not produce unambiguous positive results in the long term. This fact has encouraged researchers to search for additional or alternative treatment methods. Hyperglycemia has a negative effect on renal structures due to a number of factors, including the activation of the polyol and hexosamine glucose metabolism pathways, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products and increases in the insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction of tissues. The above mechanisms cause the development of oxidative stress (OS) reactions and mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn contribute to the development and progression of DN. Modern antioxidant therapies for DN involve various phytochemicals (food antioxidants, resveratrol, curcumin, alpha-lipoic acid preparations, etc.), which are widely used not only for the treatment of diabetes but also other systemic diseases. It has also been suggested that therapeutic approaches that target the source of reactive oxygen species in DN may have certain advantages in terms of nephroprotection from OS. This review describes the significance of studies on OS biomarkers in the pathogenesis of DN and analyzes various approaches to reducing the intensity of OS in the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Darenskaya
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (S.K.); (N.S.); (L.K.)
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Amin SN, El-Gamal EM, Rashed LA, Kamar SS, Haroun MA. Inhibition of notch signalling and mesangial expansion by combined glucagon like peptide-1 agonist and crocin therapy in animal model of diabetic nephropathy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:544-554. [PMID: 33280420 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1846203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the devastating complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is one of the incretins secreted from L cells in the intestine. Crocin (a carotenoid component of saffron) has antioxidants properties. We investigated the renal effects of Exendin-4 as a GLP-1 agonist and Crocin in DN.Thirty male rats were divided into five groups: control, type II DM, type II DM + Exendin-4, type II DM + Crocin and type II DM + Exendine-4 + Crocin. At the end of the experimental period, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured, and GFR was calculated. Blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Tissue samples were collected from the kidney for histological examination and biochemical measurements of protein expression.Treatment with GLP-1 agonist or Crocin caused a significant improvement in renal function. Better results were achieved with simultaneous administration of both drugs with inhibition of notch signalling pathway and the related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Nasr Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqaa, Jordan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mumtaz El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa Samir Kamar
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maged Ahmed Haroun
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Deng C, Meng Z, Chen H, Meng S. Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates systemic streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer-like pathology. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 127:102207. [PMID: 36470527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are the main threats to the global disease burden. DM-related cognitive dysfunction is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying pathophysiology remains unclear, and an effective treatment is unavailable. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is a bioactive ingredient extracted from the plant Ligusticum wallichii, which has anti-diabetic and neuroprotective properties. In this study, streptozotocin (STZ) injection was used to establish a mouse STZ-AD model, and TMP was administered through the lateral ventricle (ICV) to evaluate the effects of TMP on cognitive ability and neurochemical changes and to explore the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Using MWM and Y-maze behavioral paradigms, we observed that TMP protected against STZ-induced learning and memory impairment. STZ promoted the deposition of amyloid plaques, activation of glial cells, loss of neurons and synapses, and reduction of synaptic plasticity. In contrast, TMP restored these aberrations and improved cognitive deficits in STZ-induced diabetic animals. Moreover, TMP attenuated hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through modulation of the SIRT1/Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway. This evidence shows that TMP exerts its therapeutic effects through multiple pathways. Our study provides new insights into the neuroprotective effects of TMP for the treatment of diabetes-related cognitive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Ghafari F, Sadeghian Z, Oftadeh Harsin A, Khodabandelo S, Ranjbar A. Anti-oxidative properties of nanocrocin in Zearalenone induced toxicity on Hek293 cell; The novel formulation and cellular assessment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231169911. [PMID: 37072122 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231169911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi and induces cytotoxicity by the generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nephroprotective effects of crocin and nano-crocin against ZEA-induced toxicity in HEK293 cell line via modulation of oxidative stress and special formulation to make nano-crocin. METHOD Nano-crocin physicochemical properties, such as size, load, appearance, and drug release profile were determined. Also, the viability of intoxicated HEK293 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase lipid Peroxidation (LPO), and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured. RESULT The best nano-crocin formulation with superior entrapment effectiveness (54.66 ± 6.02), more significant drug loading (1.89 ± 0.01), better zeta potential (-23.4 ± 2.844), and smaller particle size (140.3 ± 18.0 nm) was chosen. This study showed that treatment with crocin and nano-crocin in ZEA-induced cells, significantly decreased LDH and LPO levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels compared to the control group. Moreover, nano-crocin had a more curative effect against oxidative stress than crocin. CONCLUSION Niosomal structure of crocin, when administered with the special formulation, may be more beneficial in reducing ZEA-induced in vitro toxicity than conventional crocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zohre Sadeghian
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Oftadeh Harsin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sodabe Khodabandelo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Fathy M, Abdel-Latif R, Abdelgwad YM, Othman OA, Abdel-Razik ARH, Dandekar T, Othman EM. Nephroprotective potential of eugenol in a rat experimental model of chronic kidney injury; targeting NOX, TGF-β, and Akt signaling. Life Sci 2022; 308:120957. [PMID: 36113730 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a crucial health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Eugenol is a natural phenolic plant compound with various pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of different eugenol doses in an experimental model of chronic CCl4-induced renal damage and investigate various mechanisms that underlie this postulated effect. Eugenol treatment (100 mg/kg) ameliorated kidney damage induced by CCl4 and rectified the distorted kidney function parameters and renal histological structure. Additionally, eugenol at a dose of 100 mg/kg suppressed the upregulated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in CCl4-treated rats as evident by down regulations of NADPH oxidase (NOX2 and NOX4), proinflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α) and proapoptotic markers (cyt c and caspase-3), respectively. Importantly, eugenol co-administration in rats challenged with CCl4 downregulated the renal protein expressions of both TGF-β as well as pAkt compared with CCl4 group. In conclusion, eugenol showed a potent nephroprotective effect against CCl4-induced renal damage through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Minia, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Rania Abdel-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Minia, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Yasmeen M Abdelgwad
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, University of Minia, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Othman Ali Othman
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, University of Minia, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Razik H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Eman M Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Minia, 61519 Minia, Egypt; Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Boozari M, Hosseinzadeh H. Crocin molecular signaling pathways at a glance: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3859-3884. [PMID: 35989419 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crocin is a hydrophilic carotenoid that is synthesized in the flowers of the Crocus genus. Numerous in vitro and in vivo research projects have been published about the biological and pharmacological properties and toxicity of crocin. Crocin acts as a memory enhancer, anxiolytic, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, neuroprotective, and so on. Here, we introduce an updated and comprehensive review of crocin molecular mechanisms based on previously examined and mentioned in the literature. Different studies confirmed the significant effect of crocin to control pathological conditions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The neuroprotective effect of crocin could be related to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Notch, and cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein signaling pathways. The crocin also protects the cardiovascular system through the inhibitory effect on toll-like receptors. The regulatory effect of crocin on PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways can play an effective role in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The crocin has anticancer activity through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, vascular endothelial growth factor, Wnt/β-catenin, and Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription suppression. Also, the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and p53 signaling pathway activation may be effective in the anticancer effect of crocin. Finally, among signaling pathways regulated by crocin, the most important ones seem to be those related to the regulatory effect on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Noureddine B, Mostafa E, Mandal SC. Ethnobotanical, pharmacological, phytochemical, and clinical investigations on Moroccan medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of renal dysfunctions. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 292:115178. [PMID: 35278608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Renal disease is a significant public health concern that affects people all over the world. The main limitations of conventional therapy are the adverse reaction on human health and the expensive cost of drugs. Indeed, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies that are less expensive and have fewer side effects. As a consequence of their natural compounds, medicinal plants can be used as an alternative therapy to cure various ailments including kidney diseases. OBJECTIVE of the study: This review paper has two principal goals: (1) to inventory and describe the plants and their ancestral use by Moroccan society to cure renal problems, (2) to link traditional use with scientific confirmations (preclinical and clinical). METHODS To analyze pharmacological effects, phytochemical, and clinical trials of plants, selected for renal therapy, a bibliographical search was undertaken by examining ethnobotanical investigations conducted in Morocco between 1991 and 2019 and consulting peer-reviewed papers from all over the world. RESULTS Approximately 290 plant species, spanning 81 families and 218 genera have been reported as being utilized by Moroccans to manage renal illness. The most frequently mentioned species in Morocco were Herniaria hirsuta subsp. cinerea (DC.), Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss and Rosmarinus officinalis L. The leaves were the most frequently used plant parts, followed by the whole plant. Decoction and infusion were the most popular methods of preparation. A record of 71 plant species was studied in vitro and/or in vivo for their therapeutic efficacy against kidney disorders, including 10 plants attempting to make it to the clinical stage. Twenty compounds obtained from 15 plants have been studied for the treatment of kidney diseases. CONCLUSION Medicinal herbs could be a credible alternative therapy for renal illness. However, additional controlled trials are required to confirm their efficiency in patients with kidney failure. Overall, this work could be used as a database for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bencheikh Noureddine
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Elachouri Mostafa
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Bastani S, Vahedian V, Rashidi M, Mir A, Mirzaei S, Alipourfard I, Pouremamali F, Nejabati H, Kadkhoda J, Maroufi NF, Akbarzadeh M. An evaluation on potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocin. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113297. [PMID: 35738178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin, an active ingredient derived from saffron, is one of the herbal components that has recently been considered by researchers. Crocin has been shown to have many anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and therefore can be used to treat various diseases. It has been shown that Crocin has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease. In addition, the role of this substance in COVID-19 pandemic has been identified. In this review article, we tried to have a comprehensive review of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocin in different diseases and different tissues. In conclusion, Crocin may be helpful in pathological conditions that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Bastani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Vahedian
- Cancer Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Biotechnology (FMB-IBTEC) Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Mir
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institutitue of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection - Faculty of Natural Sciences - University of Silesia - Katowice - Poland
| | - Farhad Pouremamali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Li Y, Yao W, Gao Y. Effects of Tang Luo Ning on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats revealed by LC-MS metabolomics approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5374. [PMID: 35302257 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes with limited therapies. Tang Luo Ning (TLN), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has been proved to be effective in the treatment of DPN in clinical and experimental studies. However, the potential metabolic mechanism of TLN for the treatment of DPN is still unclear. Here the therapeutic effect of TLN on DPN was studied, and HPLC-IT-TOF/MS was used to explore the metabolic changes related to DPN and to explore the mechanism of TLN on DPN induced by high glucose. Furthermore, metabolic pathway analysis was used to explore the metabolic changes induced by DPN and TLN. As a result, TLN could improve the peripheral nerve function of DPN rats, and TLN could reduce the demyelination of the sciatic nerve in DPN rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that 14 potential biomarkers (citrate, creatine, fumarate, glyceric acid, glycine, succinate, etc.) of both DPN and TLN treatment were identified. Pathway analysis showed that the changes in these metabolites were mainly related to the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Weijie Yao
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Maternity Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Yanbin Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
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Ali Hammood Keelo RM, Elbe H, Bicer Y, Yigitturk G, Koca O, Karayakali M, Acar D, Altinoz E. Treatment with crocin suppresses diabetic nephropathy progression via modulating TGF-β1 and oxidative stress in an experimental model of pinealectomized diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109733. [PMID: 34743986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy (DN). Uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to histopathologic alterations in the kidney that prevent normal renal function. This study aimed to explore the effects of crocin treatment via virtue of its numerous beneficial properties in streptozotocin-induced pinealectomized diabetic rats. The pinealectomy procedure was conducted on the first day of the study. On the 30th day following pinealectomy, streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in Wistar rats for induction of diabetes. Diabetes was confirmed on the 3rd day following STZ administration by determining the glucose levels. Daily crocin treatment intraperitoneally for 15 days (50 mg/kg) ameliorated impaired renal oxidant/antioxidant balance, reduced TGF-β1 immuno-staining around tubules, and promoted improvement of renal architecture. Moreover, crocin administration improved altered renal function parameters, including serum Cr and BUN, and also increased creatinine clearance. In conclusion, the protective effects of crocin on diabetic nephropathy might be associated with its powerful antioxidant properties, its ability to improve tissue antioxidant status, and its ability to prevent inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Melike Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Derya Acar
- Department of Anatomy, Vocational School of Health Services, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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Nasimi Doost Azgomi R, Karimi A, Zarshenas MM, Moini Jazani A. The mechanisms of saffron (Crocus sativus') on the inflammatory pathways of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102365. [PMID: 34923214 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and amis: Diabetes is one of the major medical problems, which can lead to damage to cells or organs in various parts of the body. Saffron as herbal medicine has contained several active ingredients, including safranal, flavonoids, crocetin, and crocin, which are effective in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, which can play the main role in reducing the effects of diabetes. However, so far, the effect of saffron on diabetes inflammation has not been evaluated in the form of systematic review studies. The purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate the evidence obtained from in-vitro, animal, and clinical trials studies on the effects of saffron on inflammation in diabetes. METHODS The present systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. In this systematic review, databases such as Embase, Pubmed, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and sciences direct database were searched from the beginning to February 2021. All eligible in-vitro, animal and human studies that examined the effect of saffron on inflammatory factors in diabetes were published in the form of a full article in English. RESULTS In the end, only 20 of the 596 articles met the criteria for analysis. Of the 20 articles, 3 were in-vitro studies, 13 were animal studies, and 4 were human studies. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic study (Except for two studies) suggest that saffron supplementation with potential anti-inflammatory properties may reduce the expression of the inflammatory pathway and the production of inflammatory products in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zarshenas
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Moini Jazani
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Erdemli Z, Erdemli ME, Gul M, Altinoz E, Gul S, Kocaman G, Kustepe EK, Gozukara Bag H. Ameliorative effects of crocin on the inflammation and oxidative stress-induced kidney damages by experimental periodontitis in rat. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:825-832. [PMID: 34630960 PMCID: PMC8487597 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.55875.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The present study aimed to investigate the effects of periodontitis on kidneys and the protective role of crocin in periodontitis-induced kidney damage. Materials and Methods: Ethics committee approval was obtained and 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 rats: Control (C), Periodontitis (P), and Periodontitis + Crocin (P + Cr). After the treatments, rat kidney tissues were incised under anesthesia and blood samples were collected. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on the samples. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased in P group rat kidney tissues; urea, creatinine, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels increased in the serum; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were reduced in rat kidney tissues, and renal histopathology deteriorated. In the P + Cr group, we observed improvements in biochemical and histopathological parameters when compared with the P group. Conclusion: Periodontitis (P) led to deterioration in oxidative stress parameters and histopathology by increasing the oxidants in kidney tissue. P also led to inflammation in the blood of the rats. Periodontitis + Crocin (P + Cr) administration alleviated the effects of P due to powerful antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. Cr could be employed as a protective agent in P-induced inflammation and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Erdemli
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Karabuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Semir Gul
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gulhan Kocaman
- Karabuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology Department, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Elif Kayhan Kustepe
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics Department, Malatya, Turkey
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