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Kawase K, Okamoto K, Harada S, Nomura Y, Shimada S, Komae H, Kuroda R, Ideyama M, Soma K, Mizoguchi M, Higurashi Y, Ukai K, Adachi-Katayama M, Miwa T, Wakimoto Y, Oyabu T, Jubishi D, Hashimoto H, Okugawa S, Ono M, Doi K, Ushiku T, Tsutsumi T. A case of hypervirulent K1-ST23 Klebsiella pneumoniae endocarditis and papillary muscle rupture secondary to multiple site abscesses. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:154-158. [PMID: 37776972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) causes multisite infections and abscesses. However, endocarditis is a rare presentation of hvKP infection. Herein, we report a case of K. pneumoniae native valve infective endocarditis secondary to community-acquired liver and prostate abscesses. The patient developed papillary muscle rupture, leading to mitral regurgitation, and underwent emergent mitral valve replacement. The diagnosis of endocarditis was confirmed microbiologically and histologically. The causative strain belonged to the hypermucoid K1 capsular genotype and possessed the rmpA gene. The genome sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number JAQZBZ000000000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyotaro Kawase
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimada
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyoe Komae
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Ideyama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsura Soma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Mizoguchi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Higurashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ukai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Adachi-Katayama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Miwa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Oyabu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Ioannou P, Ziogou A, Giannakodimos I, Giannakodimos A, Baliou S, Samonis G. Infective Endocarditis by Lactobacillus Species-A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:53. [PMID: 38247612 PMCID: PMC10812763 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are microaerophilic or aerotolerant anaerobic Gram-positive non-spore-forming rods. They are considered essential members of the human gut microbiome; however, recent studies have revealed that these microorganisms are less predominant in the gut microbiome than initially thought. Lactobacillus spp. is mainly known for its use as a probiotic in foods and supplements to prevent and treat specific issues such as infectious diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. However, Lactobacillus spp. may occasionally cause infections such as bacteremia or infective endocarditis (IE). The present study aimed to review all cases of IE by Lactobacillus spp. and describe the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of this infection by collecting relevant data from studies existing in Pubmed and Scopus until 28 September 2023. A total of 77 studies containing data for 82 patients were included. The median age was 56 years, and 69.6% were male. A prosthetic valve was present in 16% of patients, and 17.3% had previously been on probiotics. The aortic valve was the most commonly involved intracardiac site, followed by the mitral valve. Fever, embolic phenomena, sepsis, and heart failure were the most common clinical presentations. Aminoglycosides and penicillin were the most commonly used antimicrobials for definitive treatment. Surgery was performed in 53.7% of patients. Overall mortality was 17.1%. IE in prosthetic valves and presentation with shock were independently associated with overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Afroditi Ziogou
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (I.G.)
| | - Ilias Giannakodimos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (I.G.)
| | - Alexios Giannakodimos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (I.G.)
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital of Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece
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Alifragki A, Kontogianni A, Protopapa I, Baliou S, Ioannou P. Infective Endocarditis by Pasteurella Species: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5037. [PMID: 36078964 PMCID: PMC9456824 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella spp. are non-motile, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative coccobacilli that are commonly found in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract of some animals and are known to be the cause of infections. Usually, infections by Pasteurella spp. in humans is more common in the context of an animal bite leading to a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Infective endocarditis (IE) is rarely caused by Pasteurella spp.; however, it can pose diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas due to its rarity. The aim of the present study was to systematically review all cases of IE by Pasteurella spp. in the literature. A systematic review was performed of PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library (through 20 December 2021) for studies providing data on epidemiology and clinical and microbiological characteristics as well as data on treatment and outcomes of IE by Pasteurella spp. A total of 28 studies containing data for 28 patients were included. Prosthetic valve was present in 21.4% of patients. The aorta was the most commonly involved intracardiac site. Fever, sepsis, septic shock and heart failure were the most common clinical presentations. Cephalosporins, aminopenicillins and penicillin were the antimicrobials used most commonly. Overall mortality was 17.9%.
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Ioannou P, Alexakis K, Baliou S, Kofteridis DP. Infective Endocarditis by Moraxella Species: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1854. [PMID: 35407461 PMCID: PMC8999714 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is the most clinically relevant species among Moraxella spp. For decades, it was considered to be part of the normal human flora in the upper respiratory tract. However, since the late 1970s, considerable evidence has proposed that M. catarrhalis is an important pathogen in the human respiratory tract. Even though Infective Endocarditis (IE) is rarely caused by Moraxella spp., these infections can be problematic due to the lack of experience in their management. The aim of this study was to systematically review all published cases of IE by Moraxella spp. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane library (through 8 December 2021) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological data as well as treatment data and outcomes of IE by Moraxella spp. was performed. A total of 27 studies, containing data for 31 patients, were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 25.8%. Mitral valve was the most commonly infected site. Fever, sepsis and embolic phenomena were the most common clinical presentations. Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, aminopenicillins and penicillin were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Overall mortality was 12.9%.
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Abstract
Serratia species are facultative anaerobes, non-spore-forming, motile Gram-negative bacteria. Serratia spp. are currently thought to cause a variety of infections, such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia, as well as other, less common infections, including ocular infections or skin and soft tissue infections. On the other hand, Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an infrequent disease with notable morbidity and mortality. Even though IE is rarely caused by Serratia spp., these infections can be quite problematic due to the lack of experience in their management. This study aimed to systematically review all published cases of IE by Serratia spp. in the literature. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library (through 13th May 2021) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological data as well as data on treatment and outcomes of IE by Serratia spp. was performed. In total, 50 studies, containing data for 72 patients, were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 18.1%. The mitral valve was the most commonly infected site, followed by the aortic valve. The diagnosis was facilitated by transthoracic echocardiography in 34.7%, while the diagnosis was set at autopsy in 22.4%. Fever, sepsis, and embolic phenomena were the most common clinical presentations, followed by heart failure. Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and carbapenems were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Clinical cure was noted only in 53.5%, while overall mortality was 47.2%. Having surgery along with antimicrobial treatment was independently associated with reduced overall mortality. IE by Serratia spp. was more likely to be associated with intravenous drug use, and to present with heart failure and embolic phenomena compared to IE by other non-HACEK Gram-negative bacilli, while mortality was also higher in IE by Serratia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Alexakis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Despoina Spentzouri
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Diamantis P Kofteridis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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