1
|
Wammes JD, Laws HB, van Hout HPJ, MacNeil Vroomen JL, Monin JK. Self- reported and informal caregiver proxy-reported met needs in persons living with dementia are associated with lower health-related quality of life: a dyadic, cross-sectional study. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:422-426. [PMID: 37622184 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2248047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the dyadic association of self and informal caregiver proxy-reported met needs in persons living with dementia on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS A total of 237 persons with dementia and their caregivers were included from a previous observational study. HRQOL was assessed by the EuroQol-5D and the number of met needs by the Camberwell Assessment of Needs for the Elderly. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model framework was used to analyze the effect of an individual's self or proxy-reported met needs on their own HRQOL (actor effects), and an individual's self or proxy-reported met needs on the other dyad member's HRQOL (partner effects). RESULTS The number of self-reported met needs by persons living with dementia was negatively associated with their own HRQOL (actor effect b = -0.200, p < 0.001), and the HRQOL of informal caregivers (partner effect b = -0.114, p = 0.001). The number of proxy-reported met needs by informal caregivers was negatively associated with their own HRQOL (actor effect b = -0.105, p < 0.001) but not the person living with dementia's HRQOL (-0.025, p = 0.375). CONCLUSION Study findings suggest that both self-reported and informal caregiver proxy-reported met needs in persons living with dementia should be considered in research and practice because they have different implications for each dyad members' HRQOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost D Wammes
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Holly B Laws
- Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Hein P J van Hout
- Department of General Practice, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janet L MacNeil Vroomen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joan K Monin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Watson J, Green MA, Giebel C, Akpan A. Identifying longitudinal healthcare pathways and subsequent mortality for people living with dementia in England: an observational group-based trajectory analysis. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:150. [PMID: 38350866 PMCID: PMC10865521 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people living with dementia (PLWD) continues to increase, particularly those with severe symptomatology. Severe symptoms and greater ill-health result in more acute care need. Early healthcare interventions can prove beneficial. Healthcare use has not been analysed as a holistic set of interlinked events. This study explores different healthcare pathways among PLWD, social or spatial inequalities in healthcare pathways and subsequent mortality risk. METHODS Group-based trajectory models (GBTM) were applied to electronic healthcare records. We generated clusters of PLWD with similar five-year, post-diagnosis trajectories in rates of primary and secondary healthcare use. Potential social and spatial variations in healthcare use clusters were examined. Cox Proportional Hazards used to explore variation in subsequent mortality risk between healthcare use clusters. RESULTS Four healthcare use clusters were identified in both early- (n = 3732) and late-onset (n = 6224) dementia populations. Healthcare use variations were noted; consistent or diminishing healthcare use was associated with lower subsequent mortality risk. Increasing healthcare use was associated with increased mortality risk. Descriptive analyses indicated social and spatial variation in healthcare use cluster membership. CONCLUSION Healthcare pathways can help indicate changing need and variation in need, with differential patterns in initial healthcare use post-diagnosis, producing similar subsequent mortality risk. Care in dementia needs to be more accessible and appropriate, with care catered to specific and changing needs. Better continuity of care and greater awareness of dementia in primary can enhance prospects for PLWD. Research needs to further illuminate holistic care need for PLWD, including health and social care use, inequalities in care, health and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Watson
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, The University of Liverpool, 1st Floor, Waterhouse Building B, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK.
| | - Mark A Green
- School of Environmental Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clarissa Giebel
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast, Liverpool, UK
| | - Asangaedem Akpan
- Department of Medicine for Older People and Stroke, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
- Healthy Ageing Group, University of Cumbria, Carlisle, UK
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Research Network, North West Coast, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Janssen LM, Abbott KM. "It Hits Me Right Here at my Heart": Promoting Emotional Health of Home Care Workers. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:680-688. [PMID: 36305376 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221127690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for home and community-based services continues to outpace employment of home care workers (HCWs) who provide this vital assistance. HCWs face challenges that contribute to inadequate staff retention. Of particular concern is the lack of research on HCWs' emotional health. This research describes facilitators and resources that support HCW emotional health. Qualitative descriptive interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of HCWs (n = 17) who were formally recognized for their success. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded in Dedoose. Thematic analysis revealed three facilitators of emotional health that HCWs link to their professional success: "right state of mind," practicing self-care, and a combined sense of appreciation and support. HCWs highlight specific, practicable resources that promote their emotional health. Policy implications connects low wages and benefits to HCW emotional health, and practice implications for enhancing training and support to retain these important workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Janssen
- Scripps Gerontology Center, 6403Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Katherine M Abbott
- Scripps Gerontology Center, Department of Sociology & Gerontology, 6403Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stedje K, Kvamme TS, Johansson K, Sousa TV, Odell-Miller H, Stensæth KA, Bukowska AA, Tamplin J, Wosch T, Baker FA. The Influence of Home-Based Music Therapy Interventions on Relationship Quality in Couples Living with Dementia-An Adapted Convergent Mixed Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2863. [PMID: 36833562 PMCID: PMC9966062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Relationship quality is important for well-being and quality of life in couples living with dementia. Home-based music therapy interventions may be conducted with the aim of enhancing relationship quality. However, the effects or influences of such interventions are only briefly investigated in previous studies. This study's aim was to identify how a 12-week home-based music therapy intervention may influence relationship quality in couples living with dementia, through an adapted convergent mixed methods design. In this case, 68 participating couples from the HOMESIDE RCT study, and four individually recruited couples, received the music therapy intervention. Relationship quality for all participants was measured by the standardized Quality of Caregiver-Patient Relationship scale, and qualitative interviews were conducted with the four individually recruited participants at baseline and post intervention. Quantitative analysis indicated no statistically significant intervention effect. However, relationship quality remained stable over the intervention period. The qualitative analysis identified that the music therapy interventions primarily led to positive emotions, closeness, intimacy, and communication between the persons with dementia and their care partners. Intervention influences could also be ambiguous, as sharing music experiences might involve a risk of evoking vulnerabilities or negative emotional responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Stedje
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, 0369 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Sæther Kvamme
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, 0369 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Johansson
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, 0369 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tanara Vieira Sousa
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Helen Odell-Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | | | - Anna A. Bukowska
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jeanette Tamplin
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas Wosch
- Music Therapy Lab, Institute for Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, 97072 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felicity Anne Baker
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, 0369 Oslo, Norway
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Read S, Hu B, Dixon J, Brimblecombe N, Wittenberg R, Brayne C, Banerjee S. Receipt of help by people with cognitive impairment: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:272-280. [PMID: 34996312 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2017846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether people with dementia or low memory/orientation reported more help misaligned with needs - more unmet need and/or more unrequired help - than other people with similar levels of functional limitation, and examined associations with quality of life. METHODS From pooled English Longitudinal Study of Ageing data from waves 6, 7, and 8, we identified community-dwelling people aged 50+ with: dementia (n= 405); low memory/orientation but no dementia (n= 4520); and intact memory/orientation (n= 10,264). Unmet need (not receiving help for the functional limitation) and unrequired help (receipt of help without the respective functional limitation) were used as outcomes in two-part regressions. Quality of life (CASP-19) was used as a continuous outcome in a linear regression. Functional limitation and its interaction with cognitive status and socio-demographic factors were included in the models. RESULTS Those with dementia or low memory/orientation but few functional limitations reported more unmet needs and unrequired help than their counterparts with intact memory/orientation. At high levels of limitations, the needs of those with dementia or lower memory/orientation were met more often and the receipt of unrequired help was similar compared to those with intact memory/orientation. Unmet need and unrequired help were associated with poorer quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Unmet need and unrequired help were particular challenges for those with poorer cognition and potentially at early stages of dementia; they were associated with lower quality of life. Our results highlight the importance of good-quality timely diagnosis, identification of needs, and person-centred assessment to help improve quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Read
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London, UK
| | - Bo Hu
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London, UK
| | - Josie Dixon
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London, UK
| | - Nicola Brimblecombe
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London, UK
| | - Raphael Wittenberg
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Katsarou A, Intas G, Polydoropoulou E, Platis C, Pierrakos G. Investigating the Needs of Patients Suffering from Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1425:429-435. [PMID: 37581816 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31986-0_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic diseases represent a huge challenge for the health systems globally due to the rapidly increasing number of patients and their long-term need for healthcare. The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of patients suffering from chronic diseases. METHODOLOGY This is a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 840 adults with chronic diseases. The data collection was done with an improvised needs survey questionnaire, which included 56 questions. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, v.25.0, statistical significance being considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS The main diseases of the patients were chronic renal failure (22.6%), multiple sclerosis (19%), cancer (19%), diabetes mellitus (7.1%), dementia (6%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6%). The majority of patients (82.1%) were sick for more than 24 months. Patients seek information from health professionals (4.07 ± 1.4), feel tired (4.05 ± 1.4), have to share their feelings with other family members (4.01 ± 1.4), feel anxious about the future (3.94 ± 1.3), and feel out of control (3.80 ± 1.5). CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic diseases suffer from numerous physical, mental, emotional, and cognitive problems. Paying attention to the unmet needs of patients could have beneficial effects on both patients and their caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - George Intas
- Department of Nursing, General Hospital of Nikea, Nikaia, Greece
| | | | | | - George Pierrakos
- Department of Business Administration and Director of Social Policy Division, Organization and Management of Primary Healthcare Services, Athens University of West Attica, Aigaleo, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Downer B, Malagaris I, Li CY, Lee MJ, Deer R. The Influence of Prior Functional Status on Self-Care Improvement During a Skilled Nursing Facility Stay. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1861-1867. [PMID: 35395217 PMCID: PMC9532463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults' prior health status can influence their recovery after a major illness. We investigated the association between older adults' independence in self-care tasks prior to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay and their self-care function at SNF admission, discharge, and the change in self-care function during an SNF stay. DESIGN Retrospective study of 100% national CMS data files from October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS The sample included 616,073 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who were discharged from an SNF between October 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019. METHODS The admission Minimum Data Set (MDS) was used to determine residents' prior ability (independent, some help, dependent) to complete self-care tasks before the current illness, exacerbation, or injury. Seven self-care tasks from MDS Section GG were used to calculate total scores (range 7-42 points) for self-care at admission, discharge, and the change in self-care between admission and discharge. RESULTS Most residents (62.0%) were independent, 35.3% needed some help, and 2.64% were dependent in self-care prior to SNF admission. Nearly 25% of residents with urinary incontinence, 28.8% with bowel incontinence, and 31.7% with moderate-severe cognitive impairment were independent in self-care prior to SNF admission compared with approximately 70% of residents without these conditions. Compared with residents who were dependent in self-care prior to SNF admission, those who were independent or needed some help had significantly higher self-care total scores at admission (5.67 vs 4.21 points, respectively) and discharge (6.44 vs 3.82 points, respectively) and exhibited greater improvement in self-care (3.48 vs 1.62 points, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings are evidence that the new MDS item for a resident's independence in self-care tasks before SNF admission is a valid measure of their prior self-care function. This is clinically useful information and should be considered when developing rehabilitation goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Downer
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism & Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Ioannis Malagaris
- Office of Biostatistics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Ying Li
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mi Jung Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism & Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Deer
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism & Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Met and Unmet Needs of Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment, and Burden and Benefits of Their Family Caregivers. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:300-306. [PMID: 36183419 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between met and unmet needs of older adults with cognitive impairment living in the community and unique types of caregiving experience, each comprising different levels of caregiving burden and benefits. METHODS Latent class analysis and multivariable regression were applied to data on 266 caregivers of community-dwelling Singaporean older adults, aged 60 years and above, with cognitive impairment who participated in a community-based dementia care study in 2018. RESULTS Three unique types of caregiving experience were identified: satisfied (low burden and high benefits; 54% of caregivers), dissatisfied (low burden and low benefits; 35%), and intensive (high burden and high benefits; 11%). Met needs were positively associated with satisfied caregiving experience (vs. dissatisfied caregiving experience), and both met and unmet needs were positively associated with intensive caregiving experience (vs. dissatisfied caregiving experience). Specifically, caregivers tended to have satisfied caregiving experience if older adults' care needs in daytime activities or mobility were met. DISCUSSION Fulfillment of unmet needs of older adults with cognitive impairment is associated with a satisfied caregiver experience characterized by lower caregiver burden and greater caregiver benefits. Identification of and tailored interventions for unmet care needs of older adults will likely promote satisfied caregiving experience.
Collapse
|
9
|
Diaz LG, Durocher E, Gardner P, McAiney C, Mokashi V, Letts L. Assessment tools for measurement of dementia-friendliness of a community: A scoping review. DEMENTIA 2022; 21:1825-1855. [PMID: 35543328 PMCID: PMC9243452 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221090032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background A quantitative assessment of the dementia-friendliness of a community can support
planning and evaluation of dementia-friendly community (DFC) initiatives, internal
review, and national/international comparisons, encouraging a more systematic and
strategic approach to the advancement of DFCs. However, assessment of the
dementia-friendliness of a community is not always conducted and continuous improvement
and evaluation of the impact of dementia-friendly initiatives are not always undertaken.
A dearth of applicable evaluation tools is one reason why there is a lack of
quantitative assessments of the dementia-friendliness of communities working on DFC
initiatives. Purpose A scoping review was conducted to identify and examine assessment tools that can be
used to conduct quantitative assessments of the dementia-friendliness of a
community. Design and methods Peer-reviewed studies related to DFCs were identified through a search of seven
electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, EMCare, HealthSTAR, and
AgeLine). Grey literature on DFCs was identified through a search of the World Wide Web
and personal communication with community leads in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the
United Kingdom, and the United States. Characteristics of identified assessment tools
were tabulated, and a narrative summary of findings was developed along with a
discussion of strengths and weaknesses of identified tools. Results Forty tools that assess DFC features (built environment, dementia awareness and
attitudes, and community needs) were identified. None of the identified tools were
deemed comprehensive enough for the assessment of community needs of people with
dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Diaz
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Applied Health Sciences Building, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyne Durocher
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Applied Health Sciences Building, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paula Gardner
- Department of Communication Studies and Media Arts, Faculty of Humanities, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carrie McAiney
- School of Public Health and Systems, 8430University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; and Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, 8430University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Vishal Mokashi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lori Letts
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Applied Health Sciences Building, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Michelet M, Selbaek G, Strand BH, Lund A, Engedal K, Bieber A, Gonçalves-Pereira M, Hopper L, Irving K, Jelley H, Marques MJ, Orrell M, Portolani DM, Sjölund BM, Sköldunger A, Stephan A, Verhey F, de Vugt M, Wolfs C, Woods B, Zanetti O, Bergh S. Associations between unmet needs for daytime activities and company and scores on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire in people with dementia: a longitudinal study. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:725-734. [PMID: 33860718 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1910792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine prospectively the association between unmet needs for daytime activities and company and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. METHODS We included 451 people with mild or moderate dementia, from eight European countries, who were assessed three times over 12 months. Unmet needs were measured with the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly. Three sub-syndromes of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire were regressed, one-by-one, against unmet needs for daytime activities and company, adjusting for demographic and clinical-functional covariates. RESULTS Unmet needs for daytime activities were associated with more affective symptoms at baseline, six and twelve months, mean 0.74 (p < 0.001), 0.76 (p < 0.001) and 0.78 (p = 0.001) points higher score respectively, and with more psychotic symptoms at baseline (mean 0.39 points, p = 0.007) and at six months follow-up (mean 0.31 points, p = 0.006). Unmet needs for company were associated with more affective symptoms at baseline, six and twelve months, mean 0.44 (p = 0.033), 0.67 (p < 0.001) and 0.91 (p < 0.001) points higher score respectively, and with more psychotic symptoms at baseline (mean 0.40 points, p = 0.005) and at six months (mean 0.35 points, p = 0.002) follow-up. CONCLUSION Interventions to reduce unmet needs for daytime activities and company could reduce affective and psychotic symptoms in people with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Michelet
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Selbaek
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lund
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Bieber
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Health and Nursing Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), CEDOC, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Louise Hopper
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Irving
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah Jelley
- Dementia Services Development Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Maria J Marques
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), CEDOC, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Orrell
- Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel M Portolani
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Britt-Marie Sjölund
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department Caring Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Anders Sköldunger
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Stephan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Health and Nursing Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Wolfs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Woods
- Dementia Services Development Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Orazio Zanetti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sverre Bergh
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu X, Ye R, Wu J, Rao D, Liao X. Comparing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Caregiver Distress Caused Between Older Adults With Dementia Living in the Community and in Nursing Homes. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:881215. [PMID: 35651819 PMCID: PMC9150772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.881215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and caregiver distress caused between older adults with dementia living in the community and in nursing homes. DESIGN A comparative cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of a tertiary psychiatric hospital and dementia units of a nursing home in Guangzhou, China. METHODS Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to assess symptoms and caregiver distress. Dementia severity was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating. RESULTS This study included 157 community and 112 nursing home residents with dementia. Clinically significant symptoms (item score ≥ 4) were found in 88.5% of the former and 75% of the latter. Caregivers of 79.6% of the former and 26.8% of the latter reported that at least one of these caused them moderate-to-severe distress (distress score ≥ 3). Among the community patients, anxiety was the most frequent "very severe" symptom, while sleep disorders and agitation caused the most frequent "very severe" caregiver distress. After controlling for dementia severity and medication use, family caregiving remained an independent risk predictor for clinically significant symptoms and moderate-to-severe caregiver distress. The prediction of caregiver distress based on symptom scores varied across caregiver types and individual symptoms (R2 0.36-0.82). Group differences in clinically significant symptoms and moderate-to-severe caregiver distress showed at the stage of moderate-to-severe dementia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Tailored management strategies to relieve family caregivers' BPSD-induced distress are needed, especially at the stage of moderate-to-severe dementia. An effective service system should be established for supporting family caregivers to cope with BPSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Lu
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nursing School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ye
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nursing School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialan Wu
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongping Rao
- Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nursing School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patterson SE, Schoeni RF, Freedman VA, Seltzer JA. Care Received and Unmet Care Needs Among Older Parents in Biological and Stepfamilies. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:S51-S62. [PMID: 34893839 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased likelihood of having stepchildren among more recent cohorts of older adults, alongside lower levels of assistance from stepchildren, have led to concerns about greater unmet needs for older parents in stepfamilies. However, few studies have directly examined family structure and unmet needs. We examined the associations between having stepchildren (vs. only biological children) and receiving care from adult children, and unmet needs for assistance. METHODS Using the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study, we investigated among older parents with care needs whether levels of care received from adult children and unmet needs differed between those with biological versus step families. We also explored whether partner or paid care compensated for observed differences. RESULTS Older parents in need of care were more than twice as likely to receive care from their adult children if they had biological instead of step families. Unmet needs among older parents did not differ by family structure, nor did levels of partner or paid care. DISCUSSION Results illustrate that concerns about the implications of the rising prevalence of stepfamilies for care parents receive from their children may be warranted. However, there is a lack of evidence of greater unmet need for care for older parents in stepfamilies, as risks of unmet needs are high for older parents regardless of family type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert F Schoeni
- Institute for Social Research, Ford School of Public Policy, Department of Economics, University of Michigan
| | | | - Judith A Seltzer
- Department of Sociology, California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Experiences of People with Dementia and Informal Carers Related to the Closure of Social and Medical Services in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121677. [PMID: 34946403 PMCID: PMC8702134 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Older people with dementia are particularly at risk of COVID-19; however, relatively little is known about the indirect impact of the pandemic on the lives of those living with, and/or caring for someone with, dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of people with dementia and informal carers during the closure of available social and medical services in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with people with dementia (n = 5) and informal carers (n = 21) was performed between June and August 2020 after the first wave of COVID-19 in Poland. Three overarching themes were identified: (1) care re-organization; (2) psychological responses; (3) emerging needs. The factor underlying all these elements was reliance on other people. Social support and engagement are vital to the ongoing health and well-being of people living with dementia and their informal carers. Services need to be strengthened to provide ongoing provision to those living with dementia to reach pre-pandemic levels, if not better. Within the post-pandemic environment, people with dementia and their informal carers need reassurance that they can rely on external institutional and social support able to meet their needs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Curnow E, Rush R, Gorska S, Forsyth K. Differences in assistive technology installed for people with dementia living at home who have wandering and safety risks. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:613. [PMID: 34717561 PMCID: PMC8556981 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Assistive Technology for people with dementia living at home is not meeting their care needs. Reasons for this may be due to limited understanding of variation in multiple characteristics of people with dementia including their safety and wandering risks, and how these affect their assistive technology requirements. This study therefore aimed to explore the possibility of grouping people with dementia according to data describing multiple person characteristics. Then to investigate the relationships between these groupings and installed Assistive Technology interventions. Methods Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis was used to determine participant groupings based upon secondary data which described the person characteristics of 451 people with dementia with Assistive Technology needs. Relationships between installed Assistive Technology and participant groupings were then examined. Results Two robust clustering solutions were identified within the person characteristics data. Relationships between the clustering solutions and installed Assistive Technology data indicate the utility of this method for exploring the impact of multiple characteristics on Assistive technology installations. Living situation and caregiver support influence installation of assistive technology more strongly than level of risk or cognitive impairment. People with dementia living alone received different AT from those living with others. Conclusions Results suggest that caregiver support and the living situation of the person with dementia influence the type and frequency of installed Assistive Technology. Reasons for this include the needs of the caregiver themselves, the caregiver view of the participants’ needs, caregiver response to alerts, and the caregiver contribution to the assistive technology assessment and selection process. Selection processes should be refined to account for the needs and views of both caregivers and people with dementia. This will require additional assessor training, and the development of validated assessments for people with dementia who have additional impairments. Policies should support the development of services which provide a wider range of AT to facilitate interventions which are focused on the needs of the person with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Curnow
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK.
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Sylwia Gorska
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Read S, Hu B, Wittenberg R, Brimblecombe N, Robinson L, Banerjee S. A Longitudinal Study of Functional Unmet Need Among People with Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:705-716. [PMID: 34569960 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the changes of unmet need in dementia may enable effective targeting of help and allow people to stay in their homes longer. OBJECTIVE We investigated changes in unmet need and functioning over a 4-year period and the role of socio-demographic factors in these changes among people with dementia. METHODS 234 community-dwelling people with dementia at baseline were studied in three consecutive waves (four years) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Unmet needs (self/informant-reported limitations for which no help was received) and functional limitations (self/informant-reported difficulties in activities/instrumental activities of daily living and mobility) were modelled with latent growth curves. Sex, age, partnership, and socioeconomic status at baseline were used as predictors. Admission to a care home was an additional outcome. RESULTS Unmet needs increased over time, especially among those who initially had more functional limitations. Unmet needs contributed to faster decline in functional capability, except among those with many limitations initially. The major driver of increased unmet needs was not having a partner (direct effect). Age, sex, and wealth contributed indirectly via the initial level of functional limitations and/or unmet need. Those with several functional limitations but few unmet needs were most likely to move to a care home. CONCLUSION Unmet need increases over time in those with dementia with mitigating effects of having a partner and initial levels of functioning. Meeting needs at early stages of dementia, especially for those living alone and when functional limitations are low may help slow functional decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Read
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Bo Hu
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Raphael Wittenberg
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Nicola Brimblecombe
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leon T, Castro L, Mascayano F, Lawlor B, Slachevsky A. Evaluating a Memory Clinic Using the RE-AIM Model. The Experience of the "Memory and Neuropsychiatry Clinic" in Hospital Del Salvador, Chile. Front Neurol 2021; 12:612416. [PMID: 34552545 PMCID: PMC8451412 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.612416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of healthcare services for dementia is key to improving access to care and post-diagnostic support for people living with dementia. Memory Units have emerged as a new healthcare service composed of multidisciplinary teams with the goal of improving diagnosis and/or management of dementia patients. The main objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the Reach and Effectiveness of a Memory Unit in a public hospital in Chile, using the RE-AIM model, a multi-component model that allows for the evaluation of the implementation of ongoing healthcare programs. Regarding “R” (Reach): from March 2018 up to June 2019, a total of 510 patients were referred and assessed. Most patients came from primary care (51.9%) and from outpatient services at the Hospital Salvador (39.2%), particularly from the Neurology (63.3%) and Psychiatry (16.0%) departments. We estimated that our Memory Unit assessed 5.39% of all of the dementia patients living in the area of referral. With respect to “E” (Effectiveness): 419 patients are still being followed up at the Memory Unit. Ninety-one patients (18%) were discharged. Of these, 55 (66%) were referred to primary healthcare, 28 (31%) to other outpatient services, 9 (10%) to a specialized mental healthcare center, and 9 (10%) to a daycare center. Due to the short period of time that the Memory Unit has been operating, no other RE-AIM dimensions could be evaluated at this juncture. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation study of a Memory Unit in Latin America, and the first using the RE-AIM model. Although cultural differences worldwide might play a role in the lack of international guidelines, the publication of the experience of the first year of this unit in Chile could inform new countries about this process. Ongoing challenges include continuing to collect data to complement the RE-AIM evaluation and developing a protocol that can be adopted elsewhere in Chile and Latin America. Further studies are needed to assess the benefits of a Memory Unit in comparison to regular care and to develop a model that assures continuity and coordination of care for people with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Leon
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Neurology Department, Del Salvador Hospital and University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Psychiatry and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Loreto Castro
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Neurology Department, Del Salvador Hospital and University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Department of Psychiatry and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Neurology Department, Del Salvador Hospital and University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICBM), Neurosciences and East Campus Neuroscience Departments, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile.,Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ashrafizadeh H, Gheibizadeh M, Rassouli M, Hajibabaee F, Rostami S. Explaining Caregivers' Perceptions of Palliative Care Unmet Needs in Iranian Alzheimer's Patients: A Qualitative Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707913. [PMID: 34276526 PMCID: PMC8280315 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The needs of Alzheimer's patients are very complex and diverse and many of them are considered unmet needs. Understanding and responding to the unmet and complex needs of Alzheimer's patients can affect the quality of care. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the perception of formal and informal caregivers of the unmet needs of Iranian Alzheimer's patients. Methods: The present qualitative study employed a Directed Content Analysis approach and was conducted in Iran in 2020. This research was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 19 qualified caregivers enrolled (11 informal caregivers and 8 formal caregivers) with the mean age of 46.05 ± 10.98 years in a purposive sampling method. Interviews continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection. After recording and transcribing, the data were analyzed using the Elo and Kyngas method based on the National Consensus Project framework (NCP). Data management was done with MAXQDA software. In order to achieve the accuracy and validity of the study, the criteria presented by Lincoln and Guba Credibility, Dependability, Confirmability, and Transformability were considered and used. Results: The mean age of participants was 46.05 ± 10.98. Participants in this study acknowledged that Alzheimer's patients need comprehensive needs management with a holistic approach to increase quality of life. This theme based on the NCP framework consists of seven main categories including "Structure and processes of care," "Physical aspects of care," "Psychological and psychiatric aspects of care," "Social aspects of care," "Cultural aspects of care," "Care of the patient nearing the end of life," and "Ethical and legal aspects of care" with 16 subcategories. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a deep understanding of the unmet needs of Alzheimer's patients in Iran. Identifying the unmet needs of patients can pave the way for the treatment team to provide effective solutions to meet the needs and empower caregivers to provide comprehensive care for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Ashrafizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Gheibizadeh
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rassouli
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajibabaee
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Rostami
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Integrating the Financing and Delivery of Medical and Supportive Services for People Living With Dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:1377-1380. [PMID: 34052224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The number of people living with dementia (PLWD) is expected to grow considerably in the coming years. PLWD often have substantial medical and supportive service needs and face fragmentation of services across payers and across health and social service systems; recently, efforts have been made to achieve greater integration of care and financing. This article considers issues related to integrating long-term services and supports (LTSS), medical care, and financing for PLWD; reviews the policy context and key clinical and delivery system challenges to these efforts; and describes key lessons regarding integration learned from examples in the field. Recommendations are provided and include the following: (1) assess carefully whether integration of medical and LTSS is required to achieve the intended outcomes of an intervention or program targeted at PLWD; if integration is needed, select carefully the types of medical and LTSS to integrate and the mode of integration; (2) use measures that evaluate quality across LTSS settings in which PLWD receive care; (3) assess whether and how eligibility and payment policies pose barriers to PLWD from receiving services they need, and evaluate ways in which policies might be reformed to meet beneficiaries' needs; and (4) conduct research examining the potential of value-based payment efforts to improve the quality and efficiency of care received by PLWD, including their potential impact on out-of-pocket expenses and caregiving burden for PLWD and their families.
Collapse
|
19
|
Werner P, Tur-Sinai A, AboJabel H. Examining Dementia Family Caregivers' Forgone Care for General Practitioners and Medical Specialists during a COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3688. [PMID: 33916152 PMCID: PMC8036927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess dementia caregivers' reports of the prevalence and correlates of forgone care regarding visits to a general practitioner (GP) and to a specialist during the COVID-19 lockdown in Israel, using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted with 73 Israeli family caregivers of persons with dementia residing in the community (81% Jews, 86% female, mean age = 54). Overall, one out of two participants reported having to delay seeking needed help from a GP or a specialist for themselves, as well as for their relatives with dementia, during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Among the predisposing factor, education was associated with caregivers' reports regarding forgone care for themselves as well as for their loved ones. Living with the care-receiver and income level were the enabling factors associated with forgone care for caregivers. Finally, feelings of burden were associated with caregivers' forgone care and feelings of loneliness and perceptions of the care-receiver's cognitive functioning were associated with care-receivers' forgone care. Our findings show that it is essential that this population receive appropriate practical and emotional support at times of distress and crisis to enable them to continue with their caregiving role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Werner
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Aviad Tur-Sinai
- Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel;
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627-0446, USA
| | - Hanan AboJabel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang J, Xu X, Yang L, Wang J. Met and unmet care needs of home-living people with dementia in China: An observational study using the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 21:102-107. [PMID: 33238328 PMCID: PMC7839676 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aim The goal of the study was to investigate the patterns of needs in older individuals with mild‐to‐moderate dementia living at home using the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly questionnaire. Methods This was a cross‐sectional study. A total of 378 home‐living residents served as the sample. The Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly questionnaire was used to analyze the needs of those receiving adequate interventions (met needs) and those without appropriate supports (unmet needs). Thereafter, the factors that correlated with total needs were determined using demographic characteristics. Results Persons with dementia (PWD) had a mean care needs of 18.5 ± 5.4 (range 5–35). Unmet needs were most common in caring for someone (65.1%), looking after the home (63.5%), self‐care (58.7%) and intimate relationships (44.4%) domains. Higher needs were significantly related to living with others than a spouse, longer length of diagnosis, older age and higher cognitive function. Conclusion Unmet needs are common in home‐living PWD. Home‐based dementia care can identify and address PWD's unmet needs by focusing on care recipients and caregivers to enable PWD to remain safely at home and improve their quality of life. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 102–107.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juxia Zhang
- Educational Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Neurology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - LiMei Yang
- Out-Patient Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Geriatrics Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Janssen N, Handels RL, Köhler S, Gonçalves-Pereira M, Marques MJ, Irving K, Hopper L, Bieber A, Orrell M, Selbæk G, Michelet M, Wimo A, Zanetti O, Portolani DM, Woods B, Jelley H, Evers SMAA, Verhey FRJ. Profiles of Met and Unmet Needs in People with Dementia According to Caregivers' Perspective: Results from a European Multicenter Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:1609-1616.e1. [PMID: 32674953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This exploratory study aimed at investigating profiles of care needs in people with mild to moderate dementia and examined variables associated with these profiles. DESIGN A longitudinal international cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The baseline data of 447 community-dwelling dyads of people with dementia and their caregivers from the Access to Timely Formal Care (Actifcare) Study were included for analysis. METHODS A latent class analysis was applied to identify profiles of needs, measured with the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly as rated by the caregiver. We examined sociodemographic (eg, relative stress scale) and clinical characteristics (eg, neuropsychiatric inventory) associated with these profiles. RESULTS Four distinct need profiles were identified through latent class analysis. These comprised a "no need" profile (41% of the sample), a "met psychological needs" profile (25%), a "met social needs" profile (19%), and an "unmet social needs" profile (15%). A larger impact of caregiving on the caregiver's life as indicated by a higher relative stress scale score was associated with the "unmet social needs" profile. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In this large European sample, there was a subgroup of persons with dementia with high "unmet social needs" whose caregivers simultaneously perceived high stress in their caregiving tasks. Identification of these profiles may help provision of appropriate support for these people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Janssen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ron L Handels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira
- CEDOC, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Marques
- CEDOC, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kate Irving
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Hopper
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anja Bieber
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Health and Nursing Sciences, Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Orrell
- Nottingham University, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Faculty om Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Michelet
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Faculty om Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Wimo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Orazio Zanetti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia
| | | | - Bob Woods
- Dementia Services Development Center, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Jelley
- Dementia Services Development Center, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia M A A Evers
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Center for Economic Evaluation Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|