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Law J, Charlton J, Wilson P, Rush R, Gilroy V, McKean C. The development and productivity of a measure for identifying low language abilities in children aged 24-36 months. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:495. [PMID: 37773111 PMCID: PMC10540411 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate early identification of children with low language ability is important but existing measures generally have low sensitivity. This remains an area of concern for preventive and public health services. This study aimed to create and evaluate a measure of child language, communication and related risks which can be used by community health nurses to accurately identify children with low language aged 24-30 months. METHODS The Early Language Identification Measure (ELIM) was developed and comprised five measurement sections, each measuring different aspects of development combined into a single measure. This was tested blind against a reference standard language measure, the Preschool Language Scale-5 (PLS-5), at the universal 24-30-month health visitor review in England. The threshold for likely low language was the tenth centile or below on the PLS-5. The aim was to ascertain the performance of the five individual sections in the scale, and consider the optimum combination of sections, for predicting low language ability. Specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values were reported for each of the five sections of the ELIM alone and in conjunction with each other. The performance for children from monolingual English-speaking families and those who spoke languages other than English were also considered separately. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-six children were assessed on both the ELIM identification measure and the PLS-5 with 362 providing complete data. While each section of the ELIM predicted low language ability, the optimal combination for predicting language outcome was the parent reported vocabulary checklist coupled with the practitioner observation of the child's communication and related behaviours. This gave a sensitivity of 0·98 with a specificity of 0·63. CONCLUSIONS A novel measure has been developed which accurately identifies children at risk of low language, allowing clinicians to target resources efficiently and intervene early.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Law
- School of Education Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 1RU, UK
| | - Jenna Charlton
- School of Education Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 1RU, UK
| | - Philip Wilson
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- Finn Coral Statistical Services, 16A Denham Green Terrace, Edinburgh, EH5 3PF, UK
| | - Vicky Gilroy
- Institute of Health Visiting | c/o Royal Society for Public Health, John Snow House, 59 Mansell Street, London, E1 8AN, UK
| | - Cristina McKean
- School of Education Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 1RU, UK.
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Emslie C, Dimova E, O'Brien R, Whiteford M, Johnsen S, Rush R, Smith ID, Stockwell T, Whittaker A, Elliott L. The impact of alcohol minimum unit pricing on people with experience of homelessness: Qualitative study. Int J Drug Policy 2023; 118:104095. [PMID: 37307788 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) was introduced in Scotland in May 2018. Existing evidence suggests MUP can reduce alcohol consumption in the general population, but there is little research about its impact on vulnerable groups. This qualitative study explored experiences of MUP among people with experience of homelessness. METHODS We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 46 people with current or recent experience of homelessness who were current drinkers when MUP was introduced. Participants (30 men and 16 women) were aged 21 to 73 years. Interviews focused on views and experiences of MUP. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS People with experience of homelessness were aware of MUP but it was accorded low priority in their hierarchy of concerns. Reported impacts varied. Some participants reduced their drinking, or moved away from drinking strong white cider, in line with policy intentions. Others were unaffected because the cost of their preferred drink (usually wine, vodka or beer) did not change substantially. A minority reported increased involvement in begging. Wider personal, relational and social factors also played an important role in responses to MUP. CONCLUSION This is the first qualitative study to provide a detailed exploration of the impact of MUP among people with experience of homelessness. Our findings suggest that MUP worked as intended for some people with experience of homelessness, while a minority reported negative consequences. Our findings are of international significance to policymakers, emphasising the need to consider the impact of population level health policies on marginalised groups and the wider contextual factors that affect responses to policies within these groups. It is important to invest further in secure housing and appropriate support services and to implement and evaluate harm reduction initiatives such as managed alcohol programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Emslie
- Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Elena Dimova
- Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Rosaleen O'Brien
- Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin Whiteford
- Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sarah Johnsen
- Institute for Social Policy, Housing and Equalities Research (I-SPHERE), Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- Independent consultant, 16a Denham Green Terrace, Edinburgh, EH5 3PF, Scotland, UK
| | - Iain D Smith
- Substance Use Service, St Ninians Community Hub, Mayfield Street, Stirling, FK7 0BS, Scotland, UK
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Anne Whittaker
- NMAHP Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Lawrie Elliott
- Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
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Dimova ED, Strachan H, Johnsen S, Emslie C, Whiteford M, Rush R, Smith I, Stockwell T, Whittaker A, Elliott L. Alcohol minimum unit pricing and people experiencing homelessness: A qualitative study of stakeholders' perspectives and experiences. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:81-93. [PMID: 36169446 PMCID: PMC10087680 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimum unit pricing (MUP) may reduce harmful drinking in the general population, but there is little evidence regarding its impact on marginalised groups. Our study is the first to explore the perceptions of MUP among stakeholders working with people experiencing homelessness following its introduction in Scotland in May 2018. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 41 professional stakeholders from statutory and third sector organisations across Scotland. We explored their views on MUP and its impact on people experiencing homelessness, service provision and implications for policy. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants suggested that the introduction of MUP in Scotland had negligible if any discernible impact on people experiencing homelessness and services that support them. Most service providers felt insufficiently informed about MUP prior to its implementation. Participants reported that where consequences for these populations were evident, they were primarily anticipated although some groups were negatively affected. People experiencing homelessness have complex needs in addition to alcohol addiction, and changes in the way services work need to be considered in future MUP-related discussions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that despite initial concerns about potential unintended consequences of MUP, many of these did not materialise to the levels anticipated. As a population-level health policy, MUP is likely to have little beneficial impact on people experiencing homelessness without the provision of support to address their alcohol use and complex needs. The additional needs of certain groups (e.g., people with no recourse to public funds) need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Anne Whittaker
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
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Curnow E, Rush R, Gorska S, Forsyth K. Correction to: Differences in assistive technology installed for people with dementia living at home who have wandering and safety risks. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:172. [PMID: 35232377 PMCID: PMC8886851 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Curnow
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK.
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Sylwia Gorska
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
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Wilson P, Rush R, Charlton J, Gilroy V, McKean C, Law J. Universal language development screening: comparative performance of two questionnaires. BMJ Paediatr Open 2022; 6:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001324. [PMID: 36053598 PMCID: PMC8739429 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Low language ability in early childhood is a strong predictor of later psychopathology as well as reduced school readiness, lower educational attainment, employment problems and involvement with the criminal justice system. Assessment of early language development is universally offered in many countries, but there has been little evaluation of assessment tools. We planned to compare the screening performance of two commonly used language assessment instruments. METHODS A pragmatic diagnostic accuracy study was carried out in five areas of England comparing the performance of two screening tools (Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and Sure Start Language Measure (SSLM)) against a reference test (Preschool Language Scale, 5th edition). RESULTS Results were available for 357 children aged 23-30 months. The ASQ Communication Scale using optimal cut-off values had a sensitivity of 0.55, a specificity of 0.95 and positive and negative predictive values of 0.53 and 0.95, respectively. The SSLM had corresponding values of 0.83, 0.81, 0.33 and 0.98, respectively. Both screening tools performed relatively poorly in families not using English exclusively in the home. CONCLUSION The very widely used ASQ Communication Scale performs poorly as a language screening tool, missing over one-third of cases of low language ability. The SSLM performed better as a screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wilson
- Centre for Rural Health, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Inverness, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- Independent statistical consultant, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jenna Charlton
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Cristina McKean
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Law
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Law J, Tamayo N, Mckean C, Rush R. The Role of Social and Emotional Adjustment in Mediating the Relationship Between Early Experiences and Different Language Outcomes. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:654213. [PMID: 34925078 PMCID: PMC8674943 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.654213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have highlighted the relationship between early childhood experiences and later language and communication skills on the one hand and social and emotional adjustment on the other. Less is known about this relationship between different types of early experiences and their relationship to different communication skills over time. Equally important is the extent to which the child's behaviour is related to later outcomes affecting the relationship between the child's environment and aspects of their communication development. Method: Drawing on data from 5,000 children in Growing Up in Scotland, a representative sample of children born in 2003. This paper looks are the differential relationships between home learning environment (HLE) (reads books/storeys, engages in painting or drawing, reads nursery rhymes and teaches letter/shapes and parental mental health (PMH) (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) in the first year of life and both structural language skills ("Listening Comprehension" and "Expressive Vocabulary" subtests of The Wechsler Individual Achievement Tests) and pragmatic competence (The Children's Communication Checklist) at 11 years and explores the extent to which they are mediated by social and emotional adjustment at school entry. Results: PMH was associated with pragmatics but not listening comprehension or vocabulary. By contrast HLE was associated with all three measures of communication. In the final mediated model social and emotional adjustment mediated the relationship between PMH and all three measures of communication. The mediation was statistically significant for the relationship between HLE and both pragmatics and listening comprehension but not for expressive vocabulary. The results are discussed in terms of the relationships concerned and what they tell us about the potential for targeted early interventions. Conclusions: The mediating role of socio-emotional adjustment at school entry points to the need for careful monitoring of children's social and emotional development in primary and middle childhood. Services and policy aimed at improving child outcomes through improving home learning environments must work hand in hand with those responsible for offering support for the mental health, social-emotional adjustment and wellbeing of parents and children from birth and into the school years.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Law
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Tamayo
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cristina Mckean
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Rush
- Finn Coral Statistical Services, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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March B, Lockhart KR, Faulkner S, Smolny M, Rush R, Hondermarck H. ELISA-based quantification of neurotrophic growth factors in urine from prostate cancer patients. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:888-896. [PMID: 34761171 PMCID: PMC8565200 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive procedures are needed for prostate cancer management, and urine represents a potential source of new biomarkers with translational value. Recent evidence has shown that the growth of new nerves in the tumor microenvironment is essential to prostate cancer progression. Neurotrophic growth factors are expressed by prostate cancer cells and contribute to prostate tumor innervation, but their presence in urine is unclear. In the present study, we have assayed the concentration of neurotrophic factors in the urine of prostate cancer patients. Urine was collected from a prospective cohort of 45 men with prostate cancer versus 30 men without cancer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify nerve growth factor (NGF) and its precursor proNGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and proBDNF, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4/5, and glia-derived neurotrophic growth factor. The results show that neurotrophic factors are detectable in various concentrations in both cancer and healthy urine, but no significant difference was found. Also, no association was observed between neurotrophic factor concentrations and prostate cancer grade. This study is the first quantification of neurotrophins in urine, and although no significant differences were observed between prostate cancer patients versus those without prostate cancer, or between prostate cancers of various grades, the potential value of neurotrophins for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis warrants further investigations in larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayden March
- School of Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine & Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Department of UrologyJohn Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsNSWAustralia
| | | | - Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNSWAustralia
| | | | - Robert Rush
- Biosensis Pty LtdThebartonSAAustralia
- Department of Human PhysiologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNSWAustralia
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8
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Curnow E, Rush R, Gorska S, Forsyth K. Differences in assistive technology installed for people with dementia living at home who have wandering and safety risks. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:613. [PMID: 34717561 PMCID: PMC8556981 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Assistive Technology for people with dementia living at home is not meeting their care needs. Reasons for this may be due to limited understanding of variation in multiple characteristics of people with dementia including their safety and wandering risks, and how these affect their assistive technology requirements. This study therefore aimed to explore the possibility of grouping people with dementia according to data describing multiple person characteristics. Then to investigate the relationships between these groupings and installed Assistive Technology interventions. Methods Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis was used to determine participant groupings based upon secondary data which described the person characteristics of 451 people with dementia with Assistive Technology needs. Relationships between installed Assistive Technology and participant groupings were then examined. Results Two robust clustering solutions were identified within the person characteristics data. Relationships between the clustering solutions and installed Assistive Technology data indicate the utility of this method for exploring the impact of multiple characteristics on Assistive technology installations. Living situation and caregiver support influence installation of assistive technology more strongly than level of risk or cognitive impairment. People with dementia living alone received different AT from those living with others. Conclusions Results suggest that caregiver support and the living situation of the person with dementia influence the type and frequency of installed Assistive Technology. Reasons for this include the needs of the caregiver themselves, the caregiver view of the participants’ needs, caregiver response to alerts, and the caregiver contribution to the assistive technology assessment and selection process. Selection processes should be refined to account for the needs and views of both caregivers and people with dementia. This will require additional assessor training, and the development of validated assessments for people with dementia who have additional impairments. Policies should support the development of services which provide a wider range of AT to facilitate interventions which are focused on the needs of the person with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Curnow
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK.
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Sylwia Gorska
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK
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Whitehall L, Górska S, Rush R, Singh Roy A, Irvine Fitzpatrick L, Forsyth K. Psychometric Evaluation of the Making it CLEAR Questionnaire: A Resilience Measure for Older Adults. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab030. [PMID: 34676306 PMCID: PMC8528023 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Previous efforts to develop a resilience measure for older adults have
largely failed to consider the environmental influences on their resilience,
and have primarily concentrated on the resilience of community-dwelling
older adults. Our objective was to validate a new multidimensional measure
of resilience, the Making it CLEAR (MiC) questionnaire, for use with older
adults at the point of discharge from hospital. Research Design and Methods This study tested the structure, validity, and reliability of the MiC
questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 34 items, which assess the
“individual determinants of resilience” (IDoR) and the
“environmental determinants of resilience” (EDoR) across 2
subscales. 416 adults aged 66–102 years participated. Exploratory
factor analysis, item analysis, and linear regression were undertaken. Results The IDoR subscale contained six factors which were labeled
“Self-efficacy,” “Values,” “Interpersonal
skills,” “Life orientation,” “Self-care
ability,” and “Process skills.” The EDoR subscale
contained five factors related to “Person–environment
fit,” “Friends,” “Material assets,”
“Habits,” and “Family.” Both subscales demonstrated
acceptable convergent validity and internal consistency, while individual
items showed acceptable levels of discrimination and difficulty. Discussion and Implications The study provides evidence supporting the validity and quality of the MiC
questionnaire. The results suggest that the MiC questionnaire could be used
to identify the resilience needs of older adults at the point of hospital
discharge. However, future research should identify which items of the MiC
questionnaire are associated with hospital readmission, in order to develop
an easily applicable screening tool for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Whitehall
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sylwia Górska
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anusua Singh Roy
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Whitehall L, Rush R, Górska S, Forsyth K. The General Self-Efficacy of Older Adults Receiving Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gerontologist 2021; 61:e302-e317. [PMID: 32373938 PMCID: PMC8361502 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives General self-efficacy (GSE) encourages health-promoting behaviors in older adults. It is unsurprising then that older adults receiving health care services are reported to have a greater risk of low GSE than older adults who are not. Despite this, there is currently limited evidence investigating whether the effect differs based on the environment in which care is received. This review aims to determine whether the GSE of older adults is affected by the receipt of health care services and whether GSE varies based on the setting in which care is received. Research Design and Methods In accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number CRD42018092191), a systematic search was undertaken across 7 databases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and mean General Self-Efficacy Scale scores, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were pooled for meta-analysis. Results A total of 40 studies were identified, they consisted of 33 population cohorts that were included in the meta-analysis. Older adults receiving health care services were found to be at greater risk of having lower GSE than those who do not (SMD = −0.62; 95% CI: −0.96 to −0.27, p < .0001). Following identification of sources of heterogeneity, older adults receiving acute inpatient care were more likely to have lower GSE than those receiving care in other health care settings. Discussion and Implications Older adults receiving inpatient care have a greater risk of lower GSE, and consequently, poorer health-promoting behaviors. Further research is recommended that focuses on the GSE of older adults and health outcomes following discharge from inpatient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Whitehall
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sylwia Górska
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Curnow E, Rush R, Maciver D, Górska S, Forsyth K. Exploring the needs of people with dementia living at home reported by people with dementia and informal caregivers: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:397-407. [PMID: 31791140 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1695741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide prevalence estimates of needs of people with dementia living at home, and to determine sources of variation associated with needs for this population. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed searching CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ASSIA databases. Following quality checks, random effects meta-analysis produced prevalence estimates for needs reported by people with dementia and by their informal caregivers. Fixed effects models were undertaken to compare caregiver and person with dementia reported needs. Heterogeneity was explored through sensitivity analysis. The study protocol was registered with Prospero #CRD42017074119. RESULTS Six retrieved studies published between 2005 and 2017 including 1011 people with dementia and 1188 caregivers were included in the analysis. All data were collected using Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly. Prevalence estimates are provided for 24 needs reported by participants in The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Poland, Ireland, Germany, Norway, Portugal, Italy and Sweden. Most prevalent needs reported by people with dementia were Memory 0.713 [95% CI 0.627, 0.791]; Food 0.706 [95% CI 0.547, 0.842]; Household activities 0.677 [95% CI 0.613, 0.738]; and Money 0.566 [95% CI 0.416, 0.711]. Caregivers reported greater prevalence than people with dementia did for 22 of 24 needs, although the priority ranking of needs was similar. Exploration of heterogeneity revealed that people with young onset dementia were the major source of variation for 24 out of 48 analyses. CONCLUSION Increased understanding of prevalence of needs of people with dementia and associated heterogeneity can assist in planning services to meet those needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Curnow
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donald Maciver
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sylwia Górska
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Prescott S, Traynor JP, Shilliday I, Zanotto T, Rush R, Mercer TH. Minimum accelerometer wear-time for reliable estimates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour of people receiving haemodialysis. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:230. [PMID: 32546225 PMCID: PMC7296937 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of physical activity are implicated in low life expectancies of people receiving maintenance haemodialysis. Accelerometers are increasingly being used to quantify activity behaviours of this population but guidance to quality-assure such data is lacking. The objective of this study was to provide data processing and reduction recommendations to ensure accelerometer-derived outcomes are sufficiently reliable for interpretative analysis. METHODS Seventy people receiving maintenance haemodialysis (age 55.9 ± 15.7 years, 34% women, 23% diabetic) from a single outpatient renal unit volunteered for the study. Participants wore Actigraph GT3x and ActivPAL monitors during waking hours over seven days. Reliability of accelerometer output (normalised to wear-time) was assessed via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula was subsequently applied to the ICCs to derive the minimum required accelerometer wear-time for each behavioural outcome. RESULTS Monitor wear compliance was greater on dialysis compared to non-dialysis days (90% v 77%). Participants were significantly more active on non-dialysis days compared to dialysis days but there were no significant differences in estimated behaviours between days within the same condition. Average measure ICCs for all accelerometer outcomes were high (range 0.76-0.96). Computations indicated that habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour could be estimated with a minimum reliability level of 0.80 from one dialysis day and two non-dialysis days, and at least eight hours monitor wear per day. Applying this rubric allowed 90% of participant data to be retained for further analysis. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of accelerometer, one dialysis and two non-dialysis days data with a minimum of eight hours wear each day should enable habitual activity of people receiving maintenance haemodialysis to be characterised with acceptable reliability. These recommendations reconcile the tension between wear-time criteria stringency and retention of an adequately representative sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Prescott
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Jamie P Traynor
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Renal and Transplant Unit, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Tobia Zanotto
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Thomas H Mercer
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH21 6UU, UK.
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Trejnowska A, Goodall K, Rush R, Ellison M, McVittie C. The relationship between adult attachment and coping with brain tumour: the mediating role of social support. Psychooncology 2020; 29:729-736. [PMID: 31876067 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A primary brain tumour diagnosis is known to elicit higher distress than other forms of cancer and is related to high depressive symptomatology. Using a cross-sectional design, the present study explored how individuals cope with this diagnosis using an attachment theory framework. Attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were hypothesised to be positively related to helplessness/hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, and cognitive avoidance; and negatively related to fighting spirit and fatalism coping. We proposed perceived social support to play a mediating role in those associations. METHODS Four hundred and eighty participants diagnosed with primary brain tumours completed the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC), the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R), and the modified Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Scale (mMOS-SSS) online. RESULTS Lower perceived social support mediated the positive associations between both higher attachment anxiety and avoidance and higher helpless/hopeless coping. Attachment anxiety was also positively associated with anxious preoccupation. This relationship was not mediated by perceived social support. Cognitive avoidance was unrelated to both attachment dimensions and social support. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that the differences in coping repertoire are associated with social relatedness factors, specifically attachment security and its relationship to perceived social support. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trejnowska
- Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Goodall
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marion Ellison
- Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris McVittie
- Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
AIM To describe and compare the socio-demographic characteristics and community-based participation of children with and without disabilities. METHOD This cross-sectional study reports data on 1073 children with disabilities (663 males, 410 females) and 11 122 children without disabilities (5617 males, 5505 females) aged 10 to 12 years from the fifth sweep of the Millennium Cohort Study. χ2 was used to explore differences between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between childhood disability (dependent variable) and socio-demographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were also used to examine the associations between childhood disability (dependent variable) and participation in community-based activities. RESULTS Children with disabilities were more likely to be male, have psychosocial and behavioural problems, live in single-parent households, and have a parent with a longstanding illness. Patterns of community-based participation were similar between children with and without disabilities. However, the extent to which the two groups participated differed. Children with disabilities participated with lower frequency in unstructured physical activities (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95-2.99), organized physical activities (adjusted OR 2.29; 95% CI: 1.83-2.86), religious gatherings (adjusted OR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.35-3.20), and getting together with friends (adjusted OR 3.31; 95% CI: 2.61-4.20). INTERPRETATION Socio-demographic characteristics differed between children with and without disabilities. Children with disabilities had greater restriction in participation compared to peers without disabilities. Participation promoting interventions are required to support the participation of children with disabilities in social and physical activities. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Patterns of community-based participation were similar between children with and without disabilities. Children with disabilities had lower frequency of participation in physical activities, religious gatherings, and getting together with friends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald Maciver
- School of Health SciencesQueen Margaret UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health SciencesQueen Margaret UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Anne O'Hare
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health SciencesQueen Margaret UniversityEdinburghUK
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15
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Abstract
Objective: There has been a significant change within clinical practice in childhood disability from "treating" at the level of body function to ecological approaches that address the child's involvement in everyday life. Clinical assessment, and robust tools to support this, are of key importance. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the ACHIEVE Assessment in a clinical dataset. The ACHIEVE assessment is a parent and teacher report of participation in home, school and community settings, important contributory factors for participation, and environmental factors. Design: ACHIEVE scores of children were collected from parents and teachers. The Rasch Rating Scale Model produced model estimates with WINSTEPS software. Setting: Clinical rehabilitation settings in Scotland (United Kingdom). Subjects: 401 parents and 335 teachers of 402 children participated resulting in a final sample of 736 responses. Children (78% male) were 4-17 years old (mean 7.91 years SD 2.61). Children had a range of disabilities including Developmental Coordination Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Results: The study includes a large clinical sample of children with disabilities. The results demonstrate that the ACHIEVE Assessment can provide unidimensional measurements of children's participation and important contributory factors for participation. Differential item functioning analysis indicated majority of items were comparable between parent and teacher report. Conclusions: The results confirm evidence of appropriate psychometric properties of the ACHIEVE Assessment. ACHIEVE is a comprehensive tool that enables identification of patterns and issues around participation for clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Crowe
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret University Drive, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Maciver
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret University Drive, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret University Drive, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret University Drive, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Nair N, Kvizhinadze G, Jones GT, Rush R, Khashram M, Roake J, Blakely A. Health gains, costs and cost-effectiveness of a population-based screening programme for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Surg 2019; 106:1043-1054. [PMID: 31115915 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture carries a high fatality rate. AAAs can be detected before rupture by abdominal ultrasound imaging, allowing elective repair. Population-based screening for AAA in older men reduces AAA-related mortality by about 40 per cent. The UK began an AAA screening programme offering one-off scans to men aged 65 years in 2009. Sweden has a similar programme. Currently, there is no AAA screening programme in New Zealand. This cost-utility analysis aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of a UK-style screening programme in the New Zealand setting. METHODS The analysis compared a formal AAA screening programme (one-off abdominal ultrasound imaging for about 20 000 men aged 65 years in 2011) with no systematic screening. A Markov macrosimulation model was adapted to estimate the health gains (in quality-adjusted life-years, QALYs), health system costs and cost-effectiveness in New Zealand. A health system perspective and lifetime horizon was adopted. RESULTS With New Zealand-specific inputs, the adapted model produced an estimate of about NZ $15 300 (€7746) per QALY gained, with a 95 per cent uncertainty interval (UI) of NZ $8700 to 31 000 (€4405 to 15 694) per QALY gained. Health gains were estimated at 117 (95 per cent UI 53 to 212) QALYs. Health system costs were NZ $1·68 million (€850 535), with a 95 per cent UI of NZ $820 200 to 3·24 million (€415 243 to €1·65 million). CONCLUSION Using New Zealand's gross domestic product per capita (about NZ $45 000 or €22 100) as a cost-effectiveness threshold, a UK-style AAA screening programme would be cost-effective in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nair
- Burden of Disease Epidemiology, Equity and Cost-Effectiveness Programme (BODE3), Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - G Kvizhinadze
- Burden of Disease Epidemiology, Equity and Cost-Effectiveness Programme (BODE3), Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - G T Jones
- Vascular Research Group, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R Rush
- Waitemata District Health Board, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Khashram
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Roake
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Blakely
- Burden of Disease Epidemiology, Equity and Cost-Effectiveness Programme (BODE3), Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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17
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Law J, Clegg J, Rush R, Roulstone S, Peters TJ. Association of proximal elements of social disadvantage with children's language development at 2 years: an analysis of data from the Children in Focus (CiF) sample from the ALSPAC birth cohort. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2019; 54:362-376. [PMID: 30479068 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between social disadvantage and early language development is commonly reported in the literature, but less attention has been paid to the way that different aspects of social disadvantage affect both expressive and receptive language in the first 2 years of life. AIMS To examine the contributions of gender, parental report of early language skills and proximal social variables (the amount of stimulation in the home, the resources available to the child and the attitudes/emotional status of the primary carer and the support available to him/her) controlling for distal social variables (family income and maternal education) to children's expressive and receptive language development at 2 years in a community ascertained population cohort. METHODS & PROCEDURES Data from 1314 children in the Children in Focus (CiF) sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analyzed. Multivariable regression models identified the contribution of proximal (what parents do with their children) measures of social disadvantage adjusting for more distal (e.g., family income and material wealth) measures as well as early language development at 15 months to the development of verbal comprehension, expressive vocabulary and expressive grammar (word combinations) at 2 years of age. OUTCOME & RESULTS In the final multivariable models gender, earlier language and proximal social factors, co-varying for distal factors predicted 36% of the variance for expressive vocabulary, 22% for receptive language and 27% for word combinations at 2 years. Language development at 15 months remained a significant predictor of outcomes at 24 months. Environmental factors were associated with both expressive scales but the picture was rather more mixed for receptive language suggesting that there may be different mechanisms underlying the different processes. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This study supports the argument that social advantage makes a strong contribution to children's language development in the early years. The results suggest that what parents/carers do with their children is critical even when structural aspects of social disadvantage such as family income and housing have been taken into consideration although this relationship varies for different aspects of language. This has the potential to inform the targeting of public health interventions focusing on early language and pre-literacy skills on the one hand and home learning environments on the other and, potentially, the two in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Law
- Institute of Health and Society, School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Judy Clegg
- Department of Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Sue Roulstone
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim J Peters
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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18
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Arakelyan S, Maciver D, Rush R, O'hare A, Forsyth K. Family factors associated with participation of children with disabilities: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:514-522. [PMID: 30613957 PMCID: PMC6850164 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this review was to synthesize empirical evidence of family factors associated with participation of children with disabilities aged 5 to 12 years to inform the development of family-centred participation-fostering interventions. METHOD A systematic search was performed for articles published in English between 2001 and 2017 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and ASSIA following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality of evidence was appraised using the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank. Family factors associated with participation were identified and assessed using a multistage 'semi-quantitative' approach. RESULTS Thirty studies were included in the review. Four non-modifiable 'status' factors consistently associated with participation were parental ethnicity, parental education, family type, and family socio-economic status. Six modifiable 'process' factors with consistent associations with participation were parental mental and physical health functioning, parental self-efficacy beliefs, parental support, parental time, family preferences, and activity orientation. INTERPRETATION Rehabilitation professionals should direct their focus towards modifiable family factors as primary targets for family-centred interventions. Strategies that can improve families' access to information, counselling, and community support services are likely to support children's participation by empowering families and optimizing their health and well-being. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Non-modifiable 'status' and modifiable 'process' factors are important in participation of children with disabilities. Disadvantaged family circumstances shaped by status factors are associated with reduced participation. Key process factors for intervention are parental mental and physical health and parental self-efficacy beliefs. Other important process factors for intervention are parental support and time, family preferences, and activity orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald Maciver
- School of Health SciencesQueen Margaret UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health SciencesQueen Margaret UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Anne O'hare
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health SciencesQueen Margaret UniversityEdinburghUK
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19
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Gorrie F, Goodall K, Rush R, Ravenscroft J. Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214290. [PMID: 30913240 PMCID: PMC6435113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world and appears to be more prevalent in children with additional support needs (ASN). There is an urgent need for routine screening for CVI, particularly in children with ASN, however, current screening questionnaires for CVI have limited validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate two screening tools: the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire. Additionally, the distribution of CVI across neurodevelopmental disorders is unknown. This too was investigated. Methods An online survey was completed by 535 parents. The survey was advertised via social media, CVI websites and parent email systems of four schools. The survey comprised of the Five Questions, the CVI Questionnaire and additional questions regarding the child’s diagnoses. Whether or not a child had a diagnosis of CVI and/or additional neurodevelopmental disorders was based on parental report. Results Based on parent reports, both the screening tools accurately screened for CVI diagnoses in children. The Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire have construct validity (as determined through factor analysis), high internal consistency (as determined by Cronbach’s alpha) and convergent validity (as determined by correlation analysis of the raw scores of each questionnaire). This study also highlights that among children with neurodevelopmental disorders, a large proportion have parent-reported CVI (23%-39%) and potential CVI (6.59–22.53%; as identified by the questionnaires). Conclusion The current study demonstrates that the Five Questions and CVI Questionnaire have good convergent validity, internal consistency and a reliable factor structure and may therefore be suitable as screening tools. The study also highlights that reported or potential CVI is evident in a large proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gorrie
- School of Health in Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen Goodall
- School of Health in Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Dietetics, Nutrition & Biological Sciences, Physiotherapy, Podiatry & Radiography, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - John Ravenscroft
- The Scottish Sensory Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Siddiqui MA, Ashraff S, Santos D, Rush R, Carline TE, Raza Z. Development of prognostic model for fistula maturation in patients with advanced renal failure. Ren Replace Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-018-0153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Siddiqui MA, Ashraff S, Santos D, Rush R, Carline T, Raza Z. Predictive parameters of arteriovenous fistula maturation in patients with end-stage renal disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2018; 37:277-286. [PMID: 30254852 PMCID: PMC6147185 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.2018.37.3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objevctive of the present study was to explore the potential influence of blood markers and patient factors such as risk factors, kidney function profile, coagulation profile, lipid profile, body mass index, blood pressure, and vein diameter on the maturation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods Retrospective data from 300 patients who had undergone AVF creation at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh were examined. A predictive logistic regression model was developed using a backward stepwise procedure. Model performance, discrimination, and calibration were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. The final model was externally validated by 100 prospective patients who received a new fistula at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Results A total of 400 (300 retrospective and 100 prospective) patients were recruited for this study, with a mean age of 60.14 ± 15.9 years (development set) and 58 ± 15 years (validation set), respectively (P = 0.208). Study results showed that males were twice as likely to undergo fistula maturation as females, while patients with no evidence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were three times more likely to mature their fistula and a preoperative vein diameter > 2.5 mm resulted in a fivefold increase in fistula maturation as compared with a vein size of less than 2.5 mm. The model for fistula maturation had fair discrimination, as indicated by the area under the ROC curve (0.68), but good calibration as indicated by the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (P = 0.79). The area under the receiver operating curve for the validation model in the validation set was 0.59. Similarly, in the validation set, the Hosmer–Lemeshow statistic indicated an agreement between the observed and predicted probabilities of maturation (P > 0.05). Conclusion Gender, PVD, and vein size are independent predictors of AVF maturation. The clinical utility of these risk categories in the maturation of AVF requires further evaluation in longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Siddiqui
- Department of Research and Performance Support, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, SK, Canada.,School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suhel Ashraff
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - Derek Santos
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Carline
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zahid Raza
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
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Gill J, Black H, Rush R, O'May F, Chick J. Heavy Drinkers and the Potential Impact of Minimum Unit Pricing-No Single or Simple Effect? Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:722-729. [PMID: 29016713 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To explore the potential impact of a minimum unit price (MUP: 50 pence per UK unit) on the alcohol consumption of ill Scottish heavy drinkers. Methods Participants were 639 patients attending alcohol treatment services or admitted to hospital with an alcohol-related condition. From their reported expenditure on alcohol in their index week, and assuming this remained unchanged, we estimated the impact of a MUP (50 ppu) on future consumption. (Around 15% purchased from both the more expensive on-sale outlets (hotels, pubs, bars) and from off-sales (shops and supermarkets). For them we estimated the change in consumption that might follow MUP if (i) they continued this proportion of 'on-sales' purchasing or (ii) their reported expenditure was moved entirely to off-sale purchasing (to maintain consumption levels)). Results Around 69% of drinkers purchased exclusively off-sale alcohol at <50 ppu. Their drinking, post MUP, may reduce by a mean of 33%. For this group, from a population of very heavy, ill consumers, we were unable to show a differential effect across multiple deprivation quintiles. For other drinkers there might be no reduction, especially if after MUP there were many products priced close to 50 ppu. Moving away from on-sales purchases could support, for some, an increase in consumption. Conclusions While a proportion of our harmed, heavy drinkers might be able to mitigate the impact of MUP by changing purchasing habits, the majority are predicted to reduce purchasing. This analysis, focusing specifically on harmed drinkers, adds a unique dimension to the evidence base informing current pricing policy. Short Summary From drink purchasing data of heavy drinkers, we estimated the impact of legislating £0.50 minimum unit price. Over two thirds of drinkers, representing all multiple deprivation quintiles, were predicted to decrease alcohol purchasing; remainder, hypothetically, could maintain consumption. Our data address an important gap within the evidence base informing policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gill
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, Scotland, UK
| | - H Black
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, Scotland, UK
| | - R Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
| | - F O'May
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
| | - J Chick
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, Scotland, UK
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Hart D, Rush R, Rule G, Clinton J, Beilman G, Anders S, Brown R, McNeil MA, Reihsen T, Chipman J, Sweet R. Training and Assessing Critical Airway, Breathing, and Hemorrhage Control Procedures for Trauma Care: Live Tissue Versus Synthetic Models. Acad Emerg Med 2018; 25:148-167. [PMID: 29077240 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimal teaching and assessment methods and models for emergency airway, breathing, and hemorrhage interventions are not currently known. The University of Minnesota Combat Casualty Training consortium (UMN CCTC) was formed to explore the strengths and weaknesses of synthetic training models (STMs) versus live tissue (LT) models. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of best in class STMs versus an anesthetized caprine (goat) model for training and assessing seven procedures: junctional hemorrhage control, tourniquet (TQ) placement, chest seal, needle thoracostomy (NCD), nasopharyngeal airway (NPA), tube thoracostomy, and cricothyrotomy (Cric). METHODS Army combat medics were randomized to one of four groups: 1) LT trained-LT tested (LT-LT), 2) LT trained-STM tested (LT-STM), 3) STM trained-LT tested (STM-LT), and 4) STM trained-STM tested (STM-STM). Participants trained in small groups for 3 to 4 hours and were evaluated individually. LT-LT was the "control" to which other groups were compared, as this is the current military predeployment standard. The mean procedural scores (PSs) were compared using a pairwise t-test with a Dunnett's correction. Logistic regression was used to compare critical fails (CFs) and skipped tasks. RESULTS There were 559 subjects included. Junctional hemorrhage control revealed no difference in CFs, but LT-tested subjects (LT-LT and STM-LT) skipped this task more than STM-tested subjects (LT-STM and STM-STM; p < 0.05), and STM-STM had higher PSs than LT-LT (p < 0.001). For TQ, both STM-tested groups (LT-STM and STM-STM) had more CFs than LT-LT (p < 0.001) and LT-STM had lower PSs than LT-LT (p < 0.05). No differences were seen for chest seal. For NCD, LT-STM had more CFs than LT-LT (p = 0.001) and lower PSs (p = 0.001). There was no difference in CFs for NPA, but all groups had worse PSs versus LT-LT (p < 0.05). For Cric, we were underpowered; STM-LT trended toward more CFs (p = 0.08), and STM-STM had higher PSs than LT-LT (p < 0.01). Tube thoracostomy revealed that STM-LT had higher CFs than LT-LT (p < 0.05), but LT-STM had lower PSs (p < 0.05). An interaction effect (making the subjects who trained and tested on different models more likely to CF) was only found for TQ, chest seal, and Cric; however, of these three procedures, only TQ demonstrated any significant difference in CF rates. CONCLUSION Training on STM or LT did not demonstrate a difference in subsequent performance for five of seven procedures (junctional hemorrhage, TQ, chest seal, NPA, and NCD). Until STMs are developed with improved anthropomorphic and tissue fidelity, there may still be a role for LT for training tube thoracostomy and potentially Cric. For assessment, our STM appears more challenging for TQ and potentially for NCD than LT. For junctional hemorrhage, the increased "skips" with LT may be explained by the differences in anatomic fidelity. While these results begin to uncover the effects of training and assessing these procedures on various models, further study is needed to ascertain how well performance on an STM or LT model translates to the human model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hart
- Emergency Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
- Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis MN
- University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
| | - Robert Rush
- Department of Surgery Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma WA
| | | | - Joseph Clinton
- Emergency Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
- Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis MN
- Applied Research Associates San Antonio TX
| | - Gregory Beilman
- Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Shilo Anders
- Department of Anesthesiology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN
| | | | - Mary Ann McNeil
- Emergency Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
- University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN
| | - Troy Reihsen
- SimPORTAL & CREST University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Jeffrey Chipman
- Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Robert Sweet
- SimPORTAL & CREST University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
- Department of Urologic Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
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Polit DF, Sidani S, Richards DA, Willman A, Kitson A, Huijben-Schoenmakers M, Rademaker A, Scherder E, Bjuresäter K, Larsson M, Bergsten U, Smith MC, Pearson C, Tropea S, O’May F, Irvine L, Rush R, Wilson R, Rahn AC, Behncke A, Buhl A, Köpke S, Rodrigues MGDR, Shaha M, Hjelm M, Bohman DM, Willman A, Kristensson J, Holst G, Øverlie A, Machiels M, Zwakhalen SMG, Metzelthin SF, Hamers JPH, Darcy L, Karlsson K, Galvin K, Van Hecke A, Malfait S, Eeckloo K, Råberus A, Holmström IK, Sundler AJ, Dijkstra A, Gesar B, Bååth C, Hedin H, Hommel A, Helou N, Shaha M, Zanchi A, Varsi C, Børøsund E, Mirkovic J, Marcheschi E, Von Koch L, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Elf M, Audulv Å, Kneck Å, Koppitz A, de Wolf-Linder S, Blanc G, Bosshard G, Volken T. European Academy of Nursing Science and the Swedish Society of Nursing Summer Conference 2017: The Future Direction of European Nursing and Nursing Research. BMC Nurs 2017. [PMCID: PMC5498859 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-017-0218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rome AM, McCartney D, Best D, Rush R. Changes in Substance Use and Risk Behaviors One Year After Treatment: Outcomes Associated with a Quasi-Residential Rehabilitation Service for Alcohol and Drug Users in Edinburgh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1556035x.2016.1261384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Best
- Department of Law and Criminology, Sheffield Hallam University, England
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Science, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Spencer S, Clegg J, Stackhouse J, Rush R. Contribution of spoken language and socio-economic background to adolescents' educational achievement at age 16 years. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2017; 52:184-196. [PMID: 27432281 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-documented associations exist between socio-economic background and language ability in early childhood, and between educational attainment and language ability in children with clinically referred language impairment. However, very little research has looked at the associations between language ability, educational attainment and socio-economic background during adolescence, particularly in populations without language impairment. AIMS To investigate: (1) whether adolescents with higher educational outcomes overall had higher language abilities; and (2) associations between adolescent language ability, socio-economic background and educational outcomes, specifically in relation to Mathematics, English Language and English Literature GCSE grade. METHOD & PROCEDURES A total of 151 participants completed five standardized language assessments measuring vocabulary, comprehension of sentences and spoken paragraphs, and narrative skills and one nonverbal assessment when between 13 and 14 years old. These data were compared with the participants' educational achievement obtained upon leaving secondary education (16 years old). Univariate logistic regressions were employed to identify those language assessments and demographic factors that were associated with achieving a targeted A* -C grade in English Language, English Literature and Mathematics General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) at 16 years. Further logistic regressions were then conducted to examine further the contribution of socio-economic background and spoken language skills in the multivariate models. RESULTS & OUTCOMES Vocabulary, comprehension of sentences and spoken paragraphs, and mean length utterance in a narrative task along with socio-economic background contributed to whether participants achieved an A* -C grade in GCSE Mathematics and English Language and English Literature. Nonverbal ability contributed to English Language and Mathematics. The results of multivariate logistic regressions then found that vocabulary skills were particularly relevant to all three GCSE outcomes. Socio-economic background only remained important for English Language, once language assessment scores and demographic information were considered. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Language ability, and in particular vocabulary, plays an important role for educational achievement. Results confirm a need for ongoing support for spoken language ability throughout secondary education and a potential role for speech and language therapy provision in the continuing drive to reduce the gap in educational attainment between groups from differing socio-economic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spencer
- University of Sheffield, Department of Human Communication Sciences, Sheffield, UK
| | - Judy Clegg
- University of Sheffield, Department of Human Communication Sciences, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joy Stackhouse
- University of Sheffield, Department of Human Communication Sciences, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- Queen Margaret University, School of Health Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
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Law J, Rush R, King T, Westrupp E, Reilly S. Early Home Activities and Oral Language Skills in Middle Childhood: A Quantile Analysis. Child Dev 2017; 89:295-309. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Peer M, Rush R, Gallacher P, Gleeson N. Pre-surgery exercise and post-operative physical function of people undergoing knee replacement surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Rehabil Med 2017; 49:304-315. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Prescott S, Traynor J, Shilliday I, Rush R, Mercer T. Minimum recommended accelerometer wear time for reliable estimation of physical activity of people receiving maintenance haemodialysis. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Prescott S, Shilliday I, Traynor J, Rush R, Mercer T. Concordance of similar Actigraph and ActivPAL physical activity outcomes in stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brahimi F, Maira M, Barcelona PF, Galan A, Aboulkassim T, Teske K, Rogers ML, Bertram L, Wang J, Yousefi M, Rush R, Fabian M, Cashman N, Saragovi HU. The Paradoxical Signals of Two TrkC Receptor Isoforms Supports a Rationale for Novel Therapeutic Strategies in ALS. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162307. [PMID: 27695040 PMCID: PMC5047590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Full length TrkC (TrkC-FL) is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose mRNA can be spliced to a truncated TrkC.T1 isoform lacking the kinase domain. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) activates TrkC-FL to maintain motor neuron health and function and TrkC.T1 to produce neurotoxic TNF-α; hence resulting in opposing pathways. In mouse and human ALS spinal cord, the reduction of miR-128 that destabilizes TrkC.T1 mRNA results in up-regulated TrkC.T1 and TNF-α in astrocytes. We exploited conformational differences to develop an agonistic mAb 2B7 that selectively activates TrkC-FL, to circumvent TrkC.T1 activation. In mouse ALS, 2B7 activates spinal cord TrkC-FL signals, improves spinal cord motor neuron phenotype and function, and significantly prolongs life-span. Our results elucidate biological paradoxes of receptor isoforms and their role in disease progression, validate the concept of selectively targeting conformational epitopes in naturally occurring isoforms, and may guide the development of pro-neuroprotective (TrkC-FL) and anti-neurotoxic (TrkC.T1) therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Brahimi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Maira
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pablo F. Barcelona
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alba Galan
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Katrina Teske
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mary-Louise Rogers
- Flinders University, Department of Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa Bertram
- University of British Columbia. Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- University of British Columbia. Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- University of British Columbia. Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert Rush
- Flinders University, Department of Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marc Fabian
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry. McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Neil Cashman
- University of British Columbia. Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H. Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Revuelta Iniesta R, Rush R, Paciarotti I, Rhatigan EB, Brougham FHM, McKenzie JM, Wilson DC. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Prevalence and possible causes of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in pediatric cancer patients. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:95-108. [PMID: 25638403 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin D inadequacy is now an internationally recognized health problem and pediatric cancer patients may be at even higher risk than healthy children. We aimed to evaluate primary research to establish the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and to explore its possible causes in pediatric cancer patients. METHODS Electronic databases were searched (no restriction-Aug 2013) with no language restrictions and keywords related to cancer and vitamin D. We included studies of patients aged <18 years, diagnosed with and treated for cancer and reporting plasma vitamin D status. Evidence was critically appraised employing the CASP tool. Meta-analysis was performed when appropriate. RESULTS We included 19 studies, which were mainly of moderate-quality and heterogeneous in the definitions of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. The median (range) prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 14% (0-61.5%) and insufficiency 23% (0-83%). Finally, a significant effect of younger age with vitamin D inadequacy was shown (effect size: -0.132; 95%CI -0.203, -0.060). CONCLUSION There is a possibility of a high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in pediatric cancer patients, especially older children, urging the need for high-quality population-based longitudinal studies using standard definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Revuelta Iniesta
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - R Rush
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Paciarotti
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E B Rhatigan
- Department of Paediatrics, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, Fife, UK
| | - F H M Brougham
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J M McKenzie
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Wilson
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Hart D, McNeil MA, Hegarty C, Rush R, Chipman J, Clinton J, Reihsen T, Sweet R. Literature Evidence on Live Animal Versus Synthetic Models for Training and Assessing Trauma Resuscitation Procedures. J Spec Oper Med 2016; 16:44-51. [PMID: 27450602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There are many models currently used for teaching and assessing performance of trauma-related airway, breathing, and hemorrhage procedures. Although many programs use live animal (live tissue [LT]) models, there is a congressional effort to transition to the use of nonanimal- based methods (i.e., simulators, cadavers) for military trainees. We examined the existing literature and compared the efficacy, acceptability, and validity of available models with a focus on comparing LT models with synthetic systems. Literature and Internet searches were conducted to examine current models for seven core trauma procedures. We identified 185 simulator systems. Evidence on acceptability and validity of models was sparse. We found only one underpowered study comparing the performance of learners after training on LT versus simulator models for tube thoracostomy and cricothyrotomy. There is insufficient data-driven evidence to distinguish superior validity of LT or any other model for training or assessment of critical trauma procedures.
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Goodall K, Rush R, Grünwald L, Darling S, Tiliopoulos N. Attachment as a partial mediator of the relationship between emotional abuse and schizotypy. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:531-6. [PMID: 26474661 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developmental theories highlight the salience of attachment theory in explaining vulnerability towards psychosis. At the same time there is increasing recognition that psychosis is associated with childhood trauma variables. This study explored the interaction between attachment and several trauma variables in relation to schizotypy levels in a non-clinical sample. 283 non-clinical participants completed online measures of schizotypy, attachment, childhood abuse and neglect. When five types of abuse/neglect were entered into a linear regression analysis emotional abuse was the sole independent predictor of schizotypy. Age, attachment anxiety and avoidance were independent predictors after the effects of emotional abuse were controlled for. The overall model was significant, explaining 34% of the variation in schizotypy. Moderation analysis indicated that the effect of emotional abuse was not conditional upon attachment. Parallel mediation analysis indicated small but significant indirect effects of emotional abuse on schizotypy through attachment avoidance (13%) and attachment anxiety (8%). We conclude that emotional abuse contributes to vulnerability towards psychosis both directly and indirectly through attachment insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Goodall
- Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Robert Rush
- Division of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Grünwald
- Division of Psychology and Sociology, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Darling
- Division of Psychology and Sociology, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Niko Tiliopoulos
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Maciver D, Morley M, Forsyth K, Bertram N, Edwards T, Heasman D, Rennison J, Rush R, Willis S. A Rasch analysis of the model of human occupation screening tool single observation form (MOHOST-SOF) in mental health. Br J Occup Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022615591173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study examined the psychometric properties of the model of human occupation screening tool single observation form. Method Clinical records were extracted pre- and post-treatment for 152 mental health service users. Data were model of human occupation screening tool single observation form scores and demographics. We investigated the form using Rasch analysis; we also present an analysis of change over time. Results We identified four misfitting items and evidence of instability with respect to change over time. After anchoring to adjust for unstable estimates, it was possible to measure client change, and there were significant differences in form scores pre–post treatment indicating client improvement in ability. Conclusion The study provides initial psychometric assessment of this version of the model of human occupation screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Maciver
- Research Fellow, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mary Morley
- Director of Therapies, South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Nick Bertram
- Joint Borough Lead Occupational Therapist, North East London Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tracey Edwards
- Lead for Social Inclusion and Occupational Therapy, North East London Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David Heasman
- Lead Occupational Therapist, South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Rennison
- Trust Head of OT & Recovery Lead, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Robert Rush
- Statistician, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suzie Willis
- Consultant Occupational Therapist, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Gill JS, Rush R, Black H, O'May FP, Chick J, Rees C, McPake B. The enigma of 'harmful' alcohol consumption: evidence from a mixed methods study involving female drinkers in Scotland. Perspect Public Health 2015; 136:34-42. [PMID: 26420581 DOI: 10.1177/1757913915603039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS An appreciation of the drinking patterns of population subgroups may usefully inform tailored interventions. For this purpose, research has highlighted a need to better describe the drinking behaviour of UK women. This study aims to characterise the purchasing and consumption behaviour of female heavy, harmed, drinkers in contact with Scottish health services in two cities and to explore the factors that influence the link to harm. METHODS Mixed methods study involving cross-sectional survey questionnaires and one-to-one interviews (5). The questionnaires documented (1) demographic data (including derived deprivation score), last week's (or 'typical' weekly) consumption (type, brand, volume, price, place of purchase), self-reported illnesses, and (2) Alcohol-Related Problem Questionnaire score. A total of 181 patients with serious health problems linked to alcohol were recruited within National Health Service (NHS) hospital clinics (in- and outpatient settings), in two Scottish cities during 2012. RESULTS Median consumption was 157.6 UK units for the recorded week, with almost exclusive purchase from 'off-sale' retail outlets. Preferred drinks were white cider, vodka and white wine. Increasing problems was positively associated with drinking more in the week, being younger and belonging to Glasgow. CONCLUSION For Scottish women, the current definition of 'harmful' consumption likely captures a fourfold variation in alcohol intake, with gender differences less apparent. While current alcohol-related harm is positively associated with dose and being younger, there is clear evidence of an influence of the less tangible 'Glasgow effect'. Future harm concerns are warranted by data relating to pattern, alcohol dose and cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan S Gill
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Heather Black
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona P O'May
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Chick
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cheryl Rees
- Division of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barbara McPake
- Institute for International Health and Development, School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UKThe Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Gill J, Chick J, Black H, Rees C, O'May F, Rush R, McPake BA. Alcohol purchasing by ill heavy drinkers; cheap alcohol is no single commodity. Public Health 2015; 129:1571-8. [PMID: 26411488 PMCID: PMC4684143 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Potential strategies to address alcohol misuse remain contentious. We aim to characterise the drink purchases of one population group: heavy drinkers in contact with Scottish health services. We contrast our findings with national sales data and explore the impact of socio-economic status on purchasing behaviour. Study design Cross-sectional study comparing alcohol purchasing and consumption by heavy drinkers in Edinburgh and Glasgow during 2012. Methods 639 patients with serious health problems linked to alcohol (recruited within NHS hospital clinics (in- and out-patient settings) 345 in Glasgow, 294 in Edinburgh) responded to a questionnaire documenting demographic data and last week's or a ‘typical’ weekly consumption (type, brand, volume, price, place of purchase). Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile was derived as proxy of sociodemographic status. Results Median consumption was 184.8 (IQR = 162.2) UK units/week paying a mean of 39.7 pence per alcohol unit (£0.397). Off-sales accounted for 95% of purchases with 85% of those <50 pence (£0.5 UK) per alcohol unit. Corresponding figures for the Scottish population are 69% and 60%. The most popular low-priced drinks were white cider, beer and vodka with the most common off-sales outlet being the corner shop, despite supermarkets offering cheaper options. Consumption levels of the cheapest drink (white cider) were similar across all quintiles apart from the least deprived. Conclusions Heavy drinkers from all quintiles purchase the majority of their drinks from off-sale settings seeking the cheapest drinks, often favouring local suppliers. While beer was popular, recent legislation impacting on the sale of multibuys may prevent the heaviest drinkers benefiting from the lower beer prices available in supermarkets. Non-etheless, drinkers were able to offset higher unit prices with cheaper drink types and maintain high levels of consumption. Whilst price is key, heavy drinkers are influenced by other factors and adapt their purchasing as necessary. We surveyed drinking behaviour in 639 patients with alcohol-related harm. Consumption was predominantly from off-sale settings (median = 184.8 UK units/week). Popular drinks were cheap varieties of white cider and vodka. Price and location of point of sale were key drivers of consumption. 85% of units cost less that the proposed minimum unit price for alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gill
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK.
| | - J Chick
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - H Black
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - C Rees
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
| | - F O'May
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
| | - R Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
| | - B A McPake
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
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Gill J, Chick J, Lachenmeier DW, Rush R, O'May F, Black H. FOC6-8WHITE CIDER; A PRICE WORTH PAYING? Alcohol Alcohol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv079.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Greenwood SA, Koufaki P, Mercer TH, Rush R, O'Connor E, Tuffnell R, Lindup H, Haggis L, Dew T, Abdulnassir L, Nugent E, Goldsmith D, Macdougall IC. Aerobic or Resistance Training and Pulse Wave Velocity in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A 12-Week Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (the Exercise in Renal Transplant [ExeRT] Trial). Am J Kidney Dis 2015. [PMID: 26209542 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in kidney transplant recipients. This pilot study examined the potential effect of aerobic training or resistance training on vascular health and indexes of cardiovascular risk in kidney transplant recipients. STUDY DESIGN Single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 60 participants (mean age, 54 years; 34 men) were randomly assigned to aerobic training (n=20), resistance training (n=20), or usual care (n=20). Participants were included if they had a kidney transplant within 12 months prior to baseline assessment. Patients were excluded if they had unstable medical conditions or had recently started regular exercise. INTERVENTION Aerobic training and resistance training were delivered 3 days per week for a 12-week period. The usual-care group received standard care. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS Pulse wave velocity, peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak), sit-to-stand 60, isometric quadriceps force, and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at 0 and 12 weeks. RESULTS The anticipated 60 participants were recruited within 12 months. 46 participants completed the study (aerobic training, n=13; resistance training, n=13; and usual care, n=20), resulting in a 23% attrition rate. Analyses of covariance, adjusted for baseline values, age, and dialysis vintage pretransplantation, revealed significant mean differences between aerobic training and usual care in pulse wave velocity of -2.2±0.4 (95% CI, -3.1 to -1.3) m/s (P<0.001) and between resistance training and usual care of -2.6±0.4 (95% CI, -3.4 to -1.7) m/s (P<0.001) at 12 weeks. Secondary analyses indicated significant improvements in Vo2peak in the aerobic training group and in Vo2peak, sit-to-stand 60, and isometric muscle force in the resistance training group compared with usual care at 12 weeks. There were no reported adverse events, cardiovascular events, or hospitalizations as a result of the intervention. LIMITATIONS Pilot study, small sample size, no measure of endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic training and resistance training interventions appear to be feasible and clinically beneficial in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene A Greenwood
- Department of Renal Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Physiotherapy, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Pelagia Koufaki
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Mercer
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen O'Connor
- Department of Renal Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Physiotherapy, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tuffnell
- Department of Renal Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Physiotherapy, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herolin Lindup
- Department of Physiotherapy, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda Haggis
- Department of Physiotherapy, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Dew
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lyndsey Abdulnassir
- Department of Renal Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eilish Nugent
- Department of Renal Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldsmith
- Department of Renal Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Luo S, Rush R, Standring D. Single- and repeat-dose toxicity of IDX14184, a nucleotide prodrug with antiviral activity for hepatitis C viral infection, in mice, rats, and monkeys. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:472-90. [PMID: 26138064 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115592939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The single- and repeat-dose toxicity profile of IDX14184, a novel guanosine nucleotide prodrug with antiviral activity against hepatitis C viral infection, was characterized following once daily oral administration for durations up to 13, 26, and 32 weeks in mouse, rat, and cynomolgus monkey, respectively. The heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscles, and lower gastrointestinal tract (cecum, colon, and/or rectum) were identified as the primary toxicity targets in these nonclinical species. The mouse was relatively insensitive to IDX14184-induced cardiac toxicity and hepatotoxicity. The rat was very sensitive to IDX14184-induced skeletal muscle, liver, heart, and lower gastrointestinal tract toxicity but relatively insensitive to kidney toxicity. The monkey is a good animal species to detect IDX14184-induced toxicity in the cardiac and skeletal muscles, and in the liver and kidney, but not lower gastrointestinal tract toxicity. The toxicity profile of IDX14184 was most appropriately characterized in rats and monkeys. The conduct of a series of cardiac size and function assessments during a non-rodent toxicology study using echocardiography proved great utility in this work. IDX14184 clinical development was eventually terminated due to suboptimal efficacy and regulatory concerns on potential heart and kidney injury in patients, as seen with a different guanosine nucleotide prodrug, BMS-986094.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luo
- Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Rush
- Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Standring
- Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Greenwood SA, Koufaki P, Mercer TH, Rush R, O'Connor E, Tuffnell R, Goldsmith D, Macdougall IC. FO031THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC OR RESISTANCE TRAINING ON VASCULAR HEALTH, CARDIO-RESPIRATORY FITNESS, QUALITY OF LIFE, PHYSICAL FUNCTION, AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A PILOT RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL - THE EXERT STUDY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv141.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Clegg J, Law J, Rush R, Peters TJ, Roulstone S. The contribution of early language development to children's emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years: an analysis of data from the Children in Focus sample from the ALSPAC birth cohort. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:67-75. [PMID: 24980269 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between children's early language development and their emotional and behavioural functioning is reported in the literature. The nature of the association remains unclear and it has not been established if such an association is found in a population-based cohort in addition to clinical populations. METHODS This study examines the reported association between language development and emotional and behavioural functioning in a population-based cohort. Data from 1,314 children in the Children in Focus (CiF) sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analysed. Regression models identified the extent to which early language ability at 2 years of age and later language ability at 4 years of age is associated with emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years while accounting for biological and social risk and adjusting for age and performance intelligence (PIQ). RESULTS A series of univariable and multivariable analyses identified a strong influence of biological risk, social risk and early and later language ability to emotional and behavioural functioning. Interestingly, social risk dropped out of the multivariate analyses when age and PIQ were controlled for. Early expressive vocabulary at 2 years and receptive language at 4 years made a strong contribution to emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years in addition to biological risk. The final model accounted for 11.6% of the variance in emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years. CONCLUSIONS The study identified that early language ability at 2 years, specifically expressive vocabulary and later receptive language at 4 years both made a moderate, but important contribution to emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years of age. Although children's language development is important in understanding children's emotional and behavioural functioning, the study shows that it is one of many developmental factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Clegg
- Department of Human Communication Sciences, Sheffield, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Greenwood SA, Koufaki P, Rush R, Macdougall IC, Mercer TH. Exercise counselling practices for patients with chronic kidney disease in the UK: a renal multidisciplinary team perspective. Nephron Clin Pract 2014; 128:67-72. [PMID: 25358965 DOI: 10.1159/000363453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Physical activity (PA) is a strong and independent CVD risk factor, and despite the fact that current clinical practice guidelines recommend simultaneous treatment of multiple risk factors for optimum management of CKD, PA is rarely addressed by renal care teams. The aim of this observational cross-sectional survey was to document current exercise/PA practices across renal units in the UK, and capture views and experiences regarding the provision of PA/exercise options for patients with CKD. METHODS An 18-item online survey questionnaire regarding exercise counselling practice patterns was administered to 565 multidisciplinary renal care professionals. RESULTS 142 individuals (25% response rate) completed the questionnaire. Overall, 42% of respondents discussed and encouraged PA, but only 18 and 11% facilitated implementation of PA for their patients. Nephrologists (p < 0.003) were more likely to prescribe or recommend PA compared to professionals with a nursing background and believed that specific renal rehabilitation services, including an active PA/exercise component, should be available to all patients (p < 0.01). The most commonly reported barriers for the development and implementation of PA/exercise options included lack of funding, time, and knowledgeable personnel, such as physiotherapists or other exercise professionals. CONCLUSION Beliefs and attitudes towards PA amongst members of the renal multidisciplinary team are encouraging. However there is a big gap between believing in the benefits of PA and promoting/implementing PA for patient benefit. This gap needs to be minimised by at least trying to address some of the reported barriers.
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Hislop J, Law J, Rush R, Grainger A, Bulley C, Reilly JJ, Mercer T. An investigation into the minimum accelerometry wear time for reliable estimates of habitual physical activity and definition of a standard measurement day in pre-school children. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:2213-28. [PMID: 25340328 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/11/2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the number of hours and days of accelerometry data necessary to provide a reliable estimate of habitual physical activity in pre-school children. The impact of a weekend day on reliability estimates was also determined and standard measurement days were defined for weekend and weekdays.Accelerometry data were collected from 112 children (60 males, 52 females, mean (SD) 3.7 (0.7)yr) over 7 d. The Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula (S-B prophecy formula) was used to predict the number of days and hours of data required to achieve an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.7. The impact of including a weekend day was evaluated by comparing the reliability coefficient (r) for any 4 d of data with data for 4 d including one weekend day.Our observations indicate that 3 d of accelerometry monitoring, regardless of whether it includes a weekend day, for at least 7 h d(-1) offers sufficient reliability to characterise total physical activity and sedentary behaviour of pre-school children. These findings offer an approach that addresses the underlying tension in epidemiologic surveillance studies between the need to maintain acceptable measurement rigour and retention of a representatively meaningful sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hislop
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Black H, Michalova L, Gill J, Rees C, Chick J, O'May F, Rush R, McPake B. White Cider Consumption and Heavy Drinkers: A Low-Cost Option but an Unknown Price. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 49:675-80. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Greenwood SA, Koufaki P, Mercer TH, MacLaughlin HL, Rush R, Lindup H, O'Connor E, Jones C, Hendry BM, Macdougall IC, Cairns HS. Effect of exercise training on estimated GFR, vascular health, and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with CKD: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 65:425-34. [PMID: 25236582 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise capacity, which is predictive of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease risk, is reduced significantly in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease. This pilot study examined the effect of moderate-intensity exercise training on kidney function and indexes of cardiovascular risk in patients with progressive chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 4. STUDY DESIGN Single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 20 patients (aged 18-80 years; 17 men) randomly assigned to rehabilitation (n=10) or usual care (n=10). Participants were included if they were 18 years or older and had evidence of rate of decline in creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr)≥2.9mL/min/1.73m(2) per year for 12 months preintervention. Patients were excluded if they had unstable medical conditions or had recently started regular exercise. INTERVENTION The rehabilitation group received resistance and aerobic training (3 days per week) for a 12-month period. The usual care group received standard care. OUTCOMES Kidney function assessed by comparing mean rate of change in eGFRcr (mL/min/1.73m(2) per year) from a 12-month preintervention period against the 12-month intervention period. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak), and waist circumference assessed at 0, 6, and 12 months. MEASUREMENTS eGFR assessed using creatinine, cystatin C (eGFRcys), and a combination of both values (eGFRcr-cys). RESULTS 18 participants (rehabilitation, 8; usual care, 10) completed the study. A significant mean difference in rate of change in eGFRcr (+7.8±3.0 [95% CI, 1.1-13.5] mL/min/1.73m(2) per year; P=0.02) was observed between the rehabilitation and usual care groups, with the rehabilitation group demonstrating a slower decline. No significant between-group mean differences existed in absolute eGFRcr, eGFRcr-cys, or eGFRcys at 12 months of study intervention. Significant between-group mean differences existed in PWV (-2.30 [95% CI, -3.02 to -1.59] m/s), waist circumference (-7.1±12.8 [95% CI, -12.4 to -3.2] cm), and Vo2peak (5.7 [95% CI, 1.34-10.10] mL/kg/min). Change in eGFRcr was correlated inversely with PWV (r=-0.5; P=0.04) at 12 months. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, inconsistency between primary and secondary measures of kidney function. CONCLUSIONS The effect of a 1-year exercise intervention on progression of kidney disease is inconclusive. A larger study with longer follow-up may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene A Greenwood
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Pelagia Koufaki
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Mercer
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L MacLaughlin
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Rush
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Herolin Lindup
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen O'Connor
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce M Hendry
- Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain C Macdougall
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh S Cairns
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Onuigbo M, Agbasi N, Wu MJ, Shu KH, Kugler E, Cohen E, Krause I, Goldberg E, Garty M, Krause I, Jansen J, De Napoli IE, Schophuizen CM, Wilmer MJ, Mutsaers HA, Heuvel LP, Grijpma DW, Stamatialis D, Hoenderop JG, Masereeuw R, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Van Ackeren K, Vrints CJ, Hoymans VY, Couttenye MM, Erkmen Uyar M, Tutal E, Bal Z, Guliyev O, Sezer S, Liu L, Wang C, Tanaka K, Kushiyama A, Sakai K, Hara S, Ubara Y, Ohashi Y, Kunugi Y, Kawazu S, Untersteller K, Seiler S, Rogacev KS, Emrich IE, Lennartz CS, Fliser D, Heine GH, Hoshino T, Ookawara S, Miyazawa H, Ueda Y, Ito K, Kaku Y, Hirai K, Mori H, Yoshida I, Kakuta S, Hayama N, Amemiya M, Okamoto H, Inoue S, Tabei K, Campos P, Dias C, Baptista J, Papoila AL, Ortiz A, Inchaustegui L, Soto K, Moon KH, Yang S, Lee DY, Kim HW, Kim B, Isnard Bagnis C, Guerraoui A, Zenasni F, Idier L, Chauveau P, Cerqueira A, Quelhas-Santos J, Pestana M, Choi JY, Jin DC, Choi YJ, Kim WY, Nam SA, Cha JH, Cernaro V, Loddo S, Lacquaniti A, Romeo A, Costantino G, Montalto G, Santoro D, Trimboli D, Ricciardi CA, Lacava V, Buemi M, Emrich IE, Zawada AM, Rogacev KS, Seiler S, Obeid R, Geisel J, Fliser D, Heine GH, Meneses GC, Silva Junior G, Costa MFB, Goncalves HS, Daher EF, Liborio AB, Martins AMC, Ekart R, Hojs N, Bevc S, Hojs R, Lim CS, Hwang JH, Chin HJ, Kim S, Kim DK, Kim S, Park JH, Shin SJ, Lee SH, Choi BS, Lemoine S, Panaye M, Juillard L, Dubourg L, Hadj-Aissa A, Guebre-Egziabher F, Silva Junior G, Vieira APF, Couto Bem AX, Alves MP, Meneses GC, Martins AMC, Liborio AB, Daher EF, Ito K, Ookawara S, Miyazawa H, Ueda Y, Kaku Y, Hirai K, Hoshino T, Mori H, Yoshida I, Tabei K, Stefan G, Capusa C, Stancu S, Margarit D, Petrescu L, Nedelcu ED, Mircescu G, Szarejko-Paradowska A, Rysz J, Hung CC, Chen HC, Ristovska V, Grcevska L, Podesta MA, Reggiani F, Cucchiari D, Badalamenti S, Buemi M, Ponticelli C, Graziani G, Nouri-Majalan N, Moghadasimousavi S, Eshaghyeh Z, Greenwood S, Koufaki P, Maclaughlin H, Rush R, Hendry BM, Macdougall IC, Mercer T, Cairns H. CKD LAB METHODS, PROGRESSION & RISK FACTORS 2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Law J, Rush R, McBean K. The relative roles played by structural and pragmatic language skills in relation to behaviour in a population of primary school children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/13632752.2013.854960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Law J, Rush R, Parsons S, Schoon I. The relationship between gender, receptive vocabulary, and literacy from school entry through to adulthood. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 2013; 15:407-415. [PMID: 23046180 DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2012.721897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that boys have poorer language skills than girls, but this assumption is largely based on studies with small, clinical samples or focusing on expressive language skills. This study examines the relationship between gender and receptive vocabulary, literacy, and non-verbal performance at 5 years through to adulthood. The participants were a UK birth cohort of 11,349 children born in one week in March 1970. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the association of gender with language and literacy at 5 and 34 years. Non-verbal abilities were comparable at 5 years, but there were significant differences for both receptive vocabulary and reading, favouring the boys and the girls, respectively. Boys but not girls who had parents who were poor readers were more likely to be not reading at 5 years. Gender was not associated with adulthood literacy. Boys may have a slight advantage over girls in terms of their receptive vocabulary, raising questions about the skills tested and the characteristics of clinical populations. The findings are discussed in terms of the nature of the way that children are assessed and the assumptions underpinning clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Law
- Institute of Health and Society School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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Walker A, Stoddard D, Black G, Causey M, Rush R, Steele S, Johnson E. What is the Real Cost of an Overnight Stay After an Ambulatory General Surgical Procedure? Mil Med 2013; 178:665-8. [DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-12-00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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