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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for development and growth as well as cellular metabolism. Through genomic and nongenomic actions, RA regulates a variety of physiological functions. Dysregulation of RA signaling is associated with many diseases. Targeting RA signaling has been proven valuable to human health. All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy are the standard treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Both human and animal studies have shown a significant relationship between RA signaling and the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review article, we will first summarize vitamin A metabolism and then focus on the role of RA signaling in NAFLD. AtRA inhibits the development and progression of NAFLD via regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, thermogenesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima N Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
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Yao JM, Ying HZ, Zhang HH, Qiu FS, Wu JQ, Yu CH. Exosomal RBP4 potentiated hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in high-fat-diet-fed mice by promoting M1 polarization of Kupffer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:58-73. [PMID: 36572267 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes containing various biological cargoes have potential to be novel diagnostic biomarkers for metabolic diseases. In this study, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) was found to be enriched in serum exosomes, and its increased levels could be considered as an independent risk factor for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Exosomal RBP4 (exo-RBP4), primarily derived from hepatocytes, significantly enhanced the M1-like polarization of Kupffer cells (KCs) via promoting the activation of NOX2 and NF-κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, resulting in the over-production of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α. Subsequently, those excess cytokines remarkably increased the levels of intracellular free fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis-related genes (FAS and SREBP-1c) but decreased fatty acid degradation-related genes (CPT-1 and PPARα) in palmitic acid-treated LO2 cells. More notably, TNF-α significantly elevated RBP4 transcription by activating STAT3 in hepatocytes, playing a positive role in NAFLD development. Intravenous injection with RBP4 (50 μg/kg) potentiated hepatic lipid accumulation, M1-type KC proportion, and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hepatic tissues of high-fat-diet-fed mice. Collectively, these data indicated that exo-RBP4 converted KCs to M1 subtype by mediating the NOX2/ROS/NF-κB pathway, subsequently promoting de novo lipogenesis in hepatocytes by TNF-α secretion to activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, this study uncovered a novel intercellular communication between the inflammatory microenvironment and lipid metabolism for fostering NAFLD progression and found the potential of exo-RBP4 as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mei Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Fen-Sheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Jun-Qi Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Medical Group, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China; Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Cassim Bawa FN, Xu Y, Gopoju R, Plonski N, Shiyab A, Hu S, Chen S, Zhu Y, Jadhav K, Kasumov T, Zhang Y. Hepatic retinoic acid receptor alpha mediates all-trans retinoic acid's effect on diet-induced hepatosteatosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2665-2675. [PMID: 35852305 PMCID: PMC9512485 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) is an active metabolite of vitamin A that influences many biological processes in development, differentiation, and metabolism. AtRA functions through activation of retinoid acid receptors (RARs). AtRA is shown to ameliorate hepatic steatosis, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of hepatocyte RAR alpha (RARα) in mediating the effect of AtRA on hepatosteatosis in mice. Hepatocyte-specific Rarα-/- (L-Rarα-/- ) mice and their control mice were fed a chow diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat/cholesterol/fructose (HFCF) diet. Some of the mice were also treated with AtRA. Loss of hepatocyte RARα-induced hepatosteatosis in chow-fed aged mice and HFD-fed mice. AtRA prevented and reversed HFCF diet-induced obesity and hepatosteatosis in the control mice but not in L-Rarα-/- mice. Furthermore, AtRA reduced hepatocyte fatty acid uptake and lipid droplet formation, dependent on hepatocyte RARα. Our data suggest that hepatocyte RARα plays an important role in preventing hepatosteatosis and mediates AtRA's effects on diet-induced hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima N. Cassim Bawa
- School of Biomedical SciencesKent State University KentKentOhioUSA
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Pathology of School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina.
| | - Raja Gopoju
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | | | - Amy Shiyab
- School of Biomedical SciencesKent State University KentKentOhioUSA
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Shaoru Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- School of Biomedical SciencesKent State University KentKentOhioUSA
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Kavita Jadhav
- School of Biomedical SciencesKent State University KentKentOhioUSA
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
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Zhao Z, Deng ZT, Huang S, Ning M, Feng Y, Shen Y, Zhao QS, Leng Y. Alisol B Alleviates Hepatocyte Lipid Accumulation and Lipotoxicity via Regulating RARα-PPARγ-CD36 Cascade and Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122411. [PMID: 35745142 PMCID: PMC9231195 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide, with no effective therapies available. Discovering lead compounds from herb medicine might be a valuable strategy for the treatment of NASH. Here, we discovered Alisol B, a natural compound isolated from Alisma orientalis (Sam.), that attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in high-fat diet plus carbon tetrachloride (DIO+CCl4)-induced and choline-deficient and amino acid-defined (CDA)-diet-induced NASH mice. RNA-seq showed Alisol B significantly suppressed CD36 expression and regulated retinol metabolism in NASH mice. In mouse primary hepatocytes, Alisol B decreased palmitate-induced lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity, which were dependent on CD36 suppression. Further study revealed that Alisol B enhanced the gene expression of RARα with no direct RARα agonistic activity. The upregulation of RARα by Alisol B reduced HNF4α and PPARγ expression and further decreased CD36 expression. This effect was fully abrogated after RARα knockdown, suggesting Alisol B suppressed CD36 via regulating RARα-HNF4α-PPARγ cascade. Moreover, the hepatic gene expression of RARα was obviously decreased in murine NASH models, whereas Alisol B significantly increased RARα expression and decreased CD36 expression, along with the downregulation of HNF4α and PPARγ. Therefore, this study showed the unrecognized therapeutic effects of Alisol B against NASH with a novel mechanism by regulating RARα-PPARγ-CD36 cascade and highlighted Alisol B as a promising lead compound for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Zhen-Tao Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Suling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mengmeng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Shen Q, Wang X, Bai H, Tan X, Liu X. Effects of high-dose all-trans retinoic acid on longitudinal bone growth of young rats. Growth Horm IGF Res 2022; 62:101446. [PMID: 35149382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The signaling axis consisting of GH-IGF1-IGFBP3 is the primary signal taht acts prepubertally to influence height development. Growth plate thinning and even premature closure have been reported in children with tumors treated with retinoid chemotherapy, resulting in long bone dysplasia. Growth failure may occur despite received GH treatment, but the reason is unknown. This study investigate the effect of high-dose all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the development of long bones in growing SD rats. METHODS A total of 20 three-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group (n = 10). Rats were treated by gavage with or without high-dose ATRA for 10 days. The body weights of the rats were recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, we measured the length of nose-tail and tibia, stained the tibia and liver for pathological tissue and RT-PCR reaction, and measured the levels of serum GH, IGF1 and IGFBP3, and so on. RESULTS Compared with controls, experimental rats exhibited reduced body weight and shortened nasal-tail and radial tibial length. Cyp26b1 enzyme activity in the liver was elevated, and histopathological staining revealed that the cartilaginous epiphyseal plate was narrowed, the medullary cavity of trabecular bone was sparse, the number of trabecular bones was decreased, trabecular separation was increased, bone marrow mineralization was enhanced, osteoclastic activity was increased, and circulating GH-IGF1-IGFBP3 levels were decreased. However, RT-PCR reaction results of localized proximal tibiae showed upregulation of IGF1 and downregulation of IGFBP3. CONCLUSIONS High-dose ATRA intake over a short period of time can reduce GH-IGF1-IGFBP3 levels, affect cartilage and bone homeostasis, and inhibit bone growth in developing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shen
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Haodi Bai
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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