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Kirk A. Cognition in Normal Aging - A Brief Review. Can J Neurol Sci 2024; 51:157-160. [PMID: 37539707 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2023.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kirk
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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2
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Chen H, Liu C, Hsu SE, Huang DH, Liu CY, Chiou WK. The Effects of Animation on the Guessability of Universal Healthcare Symbols for Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Hum Factors 2023; 65:1740-1758. [PMID: 34969321 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether animation can help to improve the comprehension of universal healthcare symbols for middle-aged and older adults. BACKGROUND The Hablamos Juntos (HJ) healthcare symbol system is a set of widely used universal healthcare symbols that were developed in the United States. Some studies indicated that HJ healthcare symbols are not well-understood by users in non-English-speaking areas. Other studies found that animations can improve users' comprehension of complex symbols. Thus, we wanted to test whether animation could help to improve users' comprehension of HJ symbols. METHODS The participants included 40 middle-aged and 40 older adults in Taiwan. We redesigned the 12 HJ symbols into three visual formats-static, basic animation, and detailed animation-and compared them to find which best improved the participants' guessability scores. RESULTS (1) Middle-aged adults' comprehension of static and basic animated symbols was significantly better than that of older adults, but there was no significant difference in the guessability scores between the two age groups in terms of detailed animated symbols; (2) In general, both basic animation and detailed animation significantly improved the guessability score, but the effect with detailed animation was significantly greater than that with basic animation; (3) Older women were more receptive to detailed animation and showed better guessing performance. CONCLUSION Detailed animation contains more details and provides a more complete explanation of the concept of the static symbols, helping to improve the comprehension of HJ symbols for middle-aged and older adult users. APPLICATION Our findings provide a reference for the possibility of new style symbol design in the digital and aging era, which can be applied to improve symbol comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, College of Aviation, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen City, China
| | - Szu-Erh Hsu
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Hau Huang
- Institute of Creative Design and Management, National Taipei University of Business, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
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3
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Yeverino-Castro SG, Garza-Guerra JD, Aguilar-Díaz GE, González-Galván CR, Salinas-Martínez R, Morales-Delgado R. Cognition in older adults with healthy aging: analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2012-2015. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1207063. [PMID: 37484850 PMCID: PMC10361761 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1207063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining older adults' health and well-being can be achieved through the optimization of physical and mental health, while preserving independence, social participation, and quality of life. Cognitive change has been described as a normal process of aging and it involves domains such as processing speed, attention, memory, language, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning, among others. Objective To describe cognitive changes in older adults with healthy aging. Methods This is a study that involved data from 14,893 and 14,154 individuals aged >60 years or older from the 2012 and 2015 waves, respectively, who participated in the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Participants with healthy aging were identified and described in the MHAS-2012 wave and followed to 2015. Eight cognitive domains evaluated in the Cross-Cultural Cognitive Evaluation (CCCE,) as well as sociodemographic and health characteristics, were described. Criteria for healthy aging involved the following: CCCE ≥ -1.5 standard deviations above the mean on reference norms, independence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living, self-reported "life close to ideal," and preserved functional and social performance. Results From a total of n = 9,160 older adults from the MHAS-2012 wave, n = 1,080 (11.8%) had healthy aging. In the healthy aging group, the median age was 67 years (IQR: 63-73), 58.1% were female and the median for education was 6 (IQR: 3-8) years. The mean CCCE score was 57 (SD: 16.9) points. In the MHAS-2012 cross-sectional analysis, except for orientation, visuospatial abilities, and verbal fluency, all cognitive domain scores were lower with passing age. When comparing cognitive domain scores in the 225 older adults identified with healthy aging between the 2012 and 2015 MHAS waves, there were almost no observable differences. Conclusion In the cross-sectional analysis, Mexican adults with healthy aging had lower scores in the verbal learning memory, visual scanning, numeracy, visual memory, and verbal recall domains', as well as lower global cognitive scores in the higher age groups. There were no cognitive changes in the 3 year follow-up, except for a lower gradient of scores in the verbal recall memory domain. Longer prospective studies are needed to characterize greater cognitive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. Yeverino-Castro
- Universitary Hospital “Dr. José E. González”, Geriatric Service, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
- CHRISTUS Center of Excellence and Innovation, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - José D. Garza-Guerra
- Universitary Hospital “Dr. José E. González”, Geriatric Service, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gabriela E. Aguilar-Díaz
- Universitary Hospital “Dr. José E. González”, Geriatric Service, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Célica R. González-Galván
- Universitary Hospital “Dr. José E. González”, Geriatric Service, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Salinas-Martínez
- Universitary Hospital “Dr. José E. González”, Geriatric Service, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rocío Morales-Delgado
- Universitary Hospital “Dr. José E. González”, Geriatric Service, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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Mohan V, Parekh P, Lukose A, Moirangthem S, Saini J, Schretlen DJ, John JP. Patterns of Impaired Neurocognitive Performance on the Global Neuropsychological Assessment, and Their Brain Structural Correlates in Recent-onset and Chronic Schizophrenia. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2023; 21:340-358. [PMID: 37119227 PMCID: PMC10157005 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2023.21.2.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia is associated with impairment in multiple cognitive domains. There is a paucity of research on the effect of prolonged illness duration (≥ 15 years) on cognitive performance along multiple domains. In this pilot study, we used the Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), a brief cognitive battery, to explore the patterns of cognitive impairment in recent-onset (≤ 2 years) compared to chronic schizophrenia (≥ 15 years), and correlate cognitive performance with brain morphometry in patients and healthy adults. Methods We assessed cognitive performance in patients with recent-onset (n = 17, illness duration ≤ 2 years) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 14, duration ≥ 15 years), and healthy adults (n = 16) using the GNA and examined correlations between cognitive scores and gray matter volumes computed from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging images. Results We observed cognitive deficits affecting multiple domains in the schizophrenia samples. Selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison speed was found in adults with chronic schizophrenia (p = 0.009, η2partial = 0.25). In the full sample (n = 47), perceptual comparison speed correlated significantly with gray matter volumes in the anterior and medial temporal lobes (TFCE, FWE p < 0.01). Conclusion Along with generalized deficit across multiple cognitive domains, selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison speed appears to characterize chronic schizophrenia. This pattern might indicate an accelerated or premature cognitive aging. Anterior-medial temporal gray matter volumes especially of the left hemisphere might underlie the impairment noted in this domain in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth Mohan
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Bangalore, India
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Bangalore, India
- ADBS Neuroimaging Centre (ANC), Bangalore, India
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ammu Lukose
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Bangalore, India
| | - Sydney Moirangthem
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - David J. Schretlen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MD, USA
- Russel M. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John P. John
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Bangalore, India
- ADBS Neuroimaging Centre (ANC), Bangalore, India
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
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5
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Wing D, Eyler LT, Lenze EJ, Wetherell JL, Nichols JF, Meeusen R, Godino JG, Shimony JS, Snyder AZ, Nishino T, Nicol GE, Nagels G, Roelands B. Fatness, fitness and the aging brain: A cross sectional study of the associations between a physiological estimate of brain age and physical fitness, activity, sleep, and body composition. Neuroimage Rep 2022; 2:100146. [PMID: 36743444 PMCID: PMC9894084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Changes in brain structure and function occur with aging. However, there is substantial heterogeneity both in terms of when these changes begin, and the rate at which they progress. Understanding the mechanisms and/or behaviors underlying this heterogeneity may allow us to act to target and slow negative changes associated with aging. Methods Using T1 weighted MRI images, we applied a novel algorithm to determine the physiological age of the brain (brain-predicted age) and the predicted age difference between this physiologically based estimate and chronological age (BrainPAD) to 551 sedentary adults aged 65 to 84 with self-reported cognitive complaint measured at baseline as part of a larger study. We also assessed maximal aerobic capacity with a graded exercise test, physical activity and sleep with accelerometers, and body composition with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Associations were explored both linearly and logistically using categorical groupings. Results Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT), Total Sleep Time (TST) and maximal aerobic capacity all showed significant associations with BrainPAD. Greater VAT was associated with higher (i.e,. older than chronological) BrainPAD (r = 0.149 p = 0.001)Greater TST was associated with higher BrainPAD (r = 0.087 p = 0.042) and greater aerobic capacity was associated with lower BrainPAD (r = - 0.088 p = 0.040). With linear regression, both VAT and TST remained significant (p = 0.036 and 0.008 respectively). Each kg of VAT predicted a 0.741 year increase in BrainPAD, and each hour of increased TST predicted a 0.735 year increase in BrainPAD. Maximal aerobic capacity did not retain statistical significance in fully adjusted linear models. Discussion Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and greater total sleep time, but not aerobic capacity, total daily physical activity, or sleep quantity and/or quality are associated with brains that are physiologically older than would be expected based upon chronological age alone (BrainPAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wing
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity, University of California, San Diego, United States
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center (EPARC), University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States
- San Diego Veterans Administration Health Care System, San Diego, United States
| | - Eric J. Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Julie Loebach Wetherell
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Jeanne F. Nichols
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity, University of California, San Diego, United States
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center (EPARC), University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology & Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Job G. Godino
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity, University of California, San Diego, United States
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center (EPARC), University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tomoyuki Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ginger E. Nicol
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Guy Nagels
- Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Roelands
- Human Physiology & Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Oishi K, Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Hsu J, Mori S, Albert M, Oishi K. Changes in pairwise functional connectivity associated with changes in cognitive performance in cognitively normal older individuals: A two-year observational study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136618. [PMID: 35398188 PMCID: PMC9990522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurobiological substrates of cognitive decline in cognitively normal older individuals have been investigated by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, but little is known about the relationship between longitudinal changes in the whole brain. In this study, we examined two-year changes in functional connectivity among 80 gray matter areas and investigated the relationship to two-year changes in cognitive performance. A cross-validated permutation variable importance measure was applied to select features related to a change in cognitive performance. Age-corrected changes in eleven pairs of functional connections were selected as important features, all related to brain areas that belong to the default mode network. A linear regression model with cross-validation demonstrated a mean correlation coefficient of 0.55 between measured and predicted changes in the cognitive composite score. These results suggest that intra- and inter-network connections in the default mode network are associated with cognitive changes over two years among cognitively normal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Oishi
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Johnny Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Posis AIB, Tarraf W, Gonzalez KA, Soria-Lopez JA, Léger GC, Stickel AM, Daviglus ML, Lamar M, Zeng D, González HM. Anticholinergic Drug Burden and Neurocognitive Performance in the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:53-65. [PMID: 35001889 PMCID: PMC9632492 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of cumulative anticholinergic drug burden on cognitive function and impairment are emerging, yet few for Hispanics/Latinos. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between anticholinergic use and neurocognitive performance outcomes among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS This prospective cohort study included diverse Hispanic/Latino participants, enrolled in the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive, from New York, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego (n = 6,249). Survey linear regression examined associations between anticholinergic use (measured during baseline [Visit 1] and average 7-year follow up [Visit 2]) with global cognition, episodic learning, memory, phonemic fluency, processing speed, executive functioning, and average 7-year change. RESULTS Anticholinergic use was associated with lower cognitive global cognition (β= -0.21; 95% CI [-0.36; -0.05]), learning (β= -0.27; 95% CI [-0.47; -0.07]), memory (β= -0.22; 95% CI [-0.41; -0.03]), and executive functioning (β= -0.22; 95% CI [-0.40; -0.03]) scores, particularly among those who took anticholinergics at both visits. Anticholinergic use was associated with faster decline in global cognition, learning, and verbal fluency (β: -0.28 [95% CI: -0.55, -0.01]; β: -0.28 [95% CI: -0.55, -0.01]; β: -0.25, [95% CI -0.47, -0.04], respectively). Sex modified associations between anticholinergic use with global cognition, learning, and executive functioning (F3 = 3.59, F3 = 2.84, F3 = 3.88, respectively). CONCLUSION Anticholinergic use was associated with lower neurocognitive performance, especially among those who used anticholinergics at both visits, among a study population of diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Findings will support evidence-based decisions regarding anticholinergic prescriptions and efforts to minimize cognitive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ivan B. Posis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kevin A. Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose A. Soria-Lopez
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel C. Léger
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ariana M. Stickel
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush, University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hector M. González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Fowler C, Rainey-Smith SR, Bird S, Bomke J, Bourgeat P, Brown BM, Burnham SC, Bush AI, Chadunow C, Collins S, Doecke J, Doré V, Ellis KA, Evered L, Fazlollahi A, Fripp J, Gardener SL, Gibson S, Grenfell R, Harrison E, Head R, Jin L, Kamer A, Lamb F, Lautenschlager NT, Laws SM, Li QX, Lim L, Lim YY, Louey A, Macaulay SL, Mackintosh L, Martins RN, Maruff P, Masters CL, McBride S, Milicic L, Peretti M, Pertile K, Porter T, Radler M, Rembach A, Robertson J, Rodrigues M, Rowe CC, Rumble R, Salvado O, Savage G, Silbert B, Soh M, Sohrabi HR, Taddei K, Taddei T, Thai C, Trounson B, Tyrrell R, Vacher M, Varghese S, Villemagne VL, Weinborn M, Woodward M, Xia Y, Ames D. Fifteen Years of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study: Progress and Observations from 2,359 Older Adults Spanning the Spectrum from Cognitive Normality to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:443-468. [PMID: 34368630 PMCID: PMC8293663 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study commenced in 2006 as a prospective study of 1,112 individuals (768 cognitively normal (CN), 133 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 211 with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD)) as an ‘Inception cohort’ who underwent detailed ssessments every 18 months. Over the past decade, an additional 1247 subjects have been added as an ‘Enrichment cohort’ (as of 10 April 2019). Objective: Here we provide an overview of these Inception and Enrichment cohorts of more than 8,500 person-years of investigation. Methods: Participants underwent reassessment every 18 months including comprehensive cognitive testing, neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI; positron emission tomography, PET), biofluid biomarkers and lifestyle evaluations. Results: AIBL has made major contributions to the understanding of the natural history of AD, with cognitive and biological definitions of its three major stages: preclinical, prodromal and clinical. Early deployment of Aβ-amyloid and tau molecular PET imaging and the development of more sensitive and specific blood tests have facilitated the assessment of genetic and environmental factors which affect age at onset and rates of progression. Conclusion: This fifteen-year study provides a large database of highly characterized individuals with longitudinal cognitive, imaging and lifestyle data and biofluid collections, to aid in the development of interventions to delay onset, prevent or treat AD. Harmonization with similar large longitudinal cohort studies is underway to further these aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Fowler
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sabine Bird
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Julia Bomke
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolyn Chadunow
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Collins
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James Doecke
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Cooperative Research Council for Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vincent Doré
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lis Evered
- Department of Anaesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir Fazlollahi
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Gibson
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert Grenfell
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Elise Harrison
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Head
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Liang Jin
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian Kamer
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Lamb
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy Lim
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Louey
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Lance Macaulay
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucy Mackintosh
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon McBride
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Madeline Peretti
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kelly Pertile
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Morgan Radler
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Robertson
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Rodrigues
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Rumble
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Greg Savage
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Silbert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalene Soh
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tania Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Christine Thai
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett Trounson
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Regan Tyrrell
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Vacher
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Shiji Varghese
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Weinborn
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute), Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Woodward
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ying Xia
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - David Ames
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute (NARI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
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9
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Bernaud VE, Hiroi R, Poisson ML, Castaneda AJ, Kirshner ZZ, Gibbs RB, Bimonte-Nelson HA. Age Impacts the Burden That Reference Memory Imparts on an Increasing Working Memory Load and Modifies Relationships With Cholinergic Activity. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:610078. [PMID: 33643006 PMCID: PMC7902531 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.610078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent aging research often utilizes spatial mazes, such as the water radial-arm-maze (WRAM), to evaluate cognition. The WRAM can simultaneously measure spatial working and reference memory, wherein these two memory types are often represented as orthogonal. There is evidence, however, that these two memory forms yield interference at a high working memory load. The current study systematically evaluated whether the presence of a reference memory component impacts handling of an increasing working memory load. Young and aged female rats were tested to assess whether aging impacts this relationship. Cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to the hippocampus and cortex can affect cognitive outcomes, and are negatively impacted by aging. To evaluate whether age-related changes in working and reference memory profiles are associated with cholinergic functioning, we assessed choline acetyltransferase activity in these behaviorally-tested rats. Results showed that young rats outperformed aged rats on a task testing solely working memory. The addition of a reference memory component deteriorated the ability to handle an increasing working memory load, such that young rats performed similar to their aged counterparts. Aged rats also had challenges when reference memory was present, but in a different context. Specifically, aged rats had difficulty remembering which reference memory arms they had entered within a session, compared to young rats. Further, aged rats that excelled in reference memory also excelled in working memory when working memory demand was high, a relationship not seen in young rats. Relationships between cholinergic activity and maze performance differed by age in direction and brain region, reflecting the complex role that the cholinergic system plays in memory and attentional processes across the female lifespan. Overall, the addition of a reference memory requirement detrimentally impacted the ability to handle working memory information across young and aged timepoints, especially when the working memory challenge was high; these age-related deficits manifested differently with the addition of a reference memory component. This interplay between working and reference memory provides insight into the multiple domains necessary to solve complex cognitive tasks, potentially improving the understanding of complexities of age- and disease- related memory failures and optimizing their respective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Bernaud
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ryoko Hiroi
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Mallori L Poisson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Arthur J Castaneda
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ziv Z Kirshner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert B Gibbs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heather A Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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10
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Bystad M, Storø B, Gundersen N, Wiik IL, Nordvang L, Grønli O, Rasmussen ID, Aslaksen PM. Can accelerated transcranial direct current stimulation improve memory functions? An experimental, placebo-controlled study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05132. [PMID: 33033765 PMCID: PMC7533366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) could improve verbal memory functions in healthy old and younger participants. We hypothesized that active tDCS led to significantly improved memory function, compared to placebo tDCS. Forty healthy participants (20 old and 20 younger participants) were included in the study. We applied a novel stimulation protocol, where six sessions of anodal tDCS were administrated during two consecutive days. Each tDCS session lasted 30 min. The current intensity was 2mA and the stimulation area was the left temporal lobe at T3 in the 10-20 EEG system. Immediate recall, delayed recall and recognition memory were assessed with California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II) and executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT) before the first tDCS session and after the last tDCS session. Half of the participants received placebo tDCS, whereas the other half received active tDCS. We did not reveal any significant differences between active and placebo tDCS in memory functions. However, there was a significant difference between active and placebo tDCS in executive function measured by the Trail Making Test (TMT). This experimental study failed to reveal significant differences between active and placebo accelerated tDCS for verbal memory functions. However, accelerated tDCS was found to be well-tolerated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bystad
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Geropsychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
| | - Benedicte Storø
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Gundersen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ida Larsen Wiik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lene Nordvang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Grønli
- Department of Geropsychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
| | - Ingrid Daae Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per M Aslaksen
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
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11
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Nigam R, Kar BR. Cognitive Ageing in Developing Societies: An Overview and a Cross-sectional Study on Young, Middle-aged and Older Adults in the Indian Context. Psychology and Developing Societies 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0971333620937511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive ageing in developing societies is marked with psychosocial issues such as education, occupation, lifestyle, social support, social interaction and exclusion that may affect cognitive–affective–behavioural changes with ageing. We also present a study based on cognitive profiling of young (N = 79), middle-aged (N = 54) and older adults (N = 43) in India, which examined learning and memory for verbal and visuospatial information, overall cognitive functions, subjective complaints about cognitive difficulties, neuropsychiatric problems, anxiety and emotion regulation. The study shows cognitive changes compared to young and comparable rate of learning and retrieval among middle-aged and older adults for verbal and visuospatial material, correlated with general cognitive ability. The subjective complaints were not correlated with the objective measures of cognitive functions, highlighting the importance of both to show early cognitive changes. The relationship between cognitive functions and emotion regulation or behavioural/emotional changes was observed for young and middle-aged adults but not for older adults. Findings are discussed in the context of the lifespan perspective of cognitive ageing, cognitive reserve, psychosocial environment and social–emotional selectivity theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Nigam
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhoomika R. Kar
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Bateman JR, Filley CM, Kaplan RI, Heffernan KS, Bettcher BM. Lifetime surgical exposure, episodic memory, and forniceal microstructure in older adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2019; 41:1048-1059. [PMID: 31370773 PMCID: PMC6764849 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1647151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Aging is associated with heterogeneous cognitive trajectories. There is considerable interest in identifying risk factors for pathological aging, with recent studies demonstrating a link between surgical procedures and proximal cognitive decline; however, the role of lifetime exposure to surgical procedures and cognitive function has been relatively unexplored. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the association between total lifetime surgical procedures and memory function in older adults. Methods: A cohort of 62 older adults underwent a neuropsychological evaluation and health history assessment. Self-reported lifetime surgical history was categorized as "cardiac" or "non-cardiac." General linear models were fit with demographics as nuisance covariates, and the total number of non-cardiac surgeries as our predictor of interest. Total scores on measures of episodic memory, language, working memory, fluency, and visuospatial function were separate outcome variables. In a secondary analysis, vascular risk factors were included as covariates. Diffusion tensor imaging was obtained for exploratory analyses of selected regions of interest. Results: The mean age of participants was 70, and 0-13 lifetime non-cardiac surgical procedures were reported. Higher numbers of lifetime non-cardiac surgical procedures were associated with worse verbal learning and memory (p = .04). The negative association between lifetime non-cardiac procedures and cognition was specific to memory. Exploratory analyses showed that higher number of lifetime non-cardiac procedures was related to lower FA in the fornix body (p = .02). Conclusions: These results of this pilot study suggest that greater lifetime exposure to surgery may be associated with worse verbal learning and memory in healthy older adults. These findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that cumulative medical events may be risk factors for negative cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Research and Education Service Line, W.G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC
| | - Christopher M. Filley
- Behavioral Neurology Section, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Marcus Institute for Brain Health, Rocky Mountain Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rini I. Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kate S. Heffernan
- Behavioral Neurology Section, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rocky Mountain Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Brianne M. Bettcher
- Behavioral Neurology Section, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rocky Mountain Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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13
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14
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Hayat SA, Luben R, Dalzell N, Moore S, Hogervorst E, Matthews FE, Wareham N, Brayne C, Khaw KT. Understanding the relationship between cognition and death: a within cohort examination of cognitive measures and mortality. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:1049-1062. [PMID: 30203336 PMCID: PMC6208995 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite several studies demonstrating an independent and inverse association between cognition and mortality, the nature of this association still remains unclear. To examine the association of cognition and mortality after accounting for sociodemographic, health and lifestyle factors and to explore both test and population characteristics influencing this relationship. In a population based cohort of 8585 men and women aged 48-92 years, who had cognitive assessments in 2006-2011 and were followed up till 2016 for mortality, we examined the relationship between individual cognitive tests as well as a global cognition score to compare their ability in predicting mortality and whether these differed by population characteristics. Risk of death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models including sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables, and self-reported comorbidities, as covariates in the models. Poor cognitive performance (bottom quartile of combined cognition score) was associated with higher risk of mortality, Hazard Ratio = 1.32 (95% Confidence Interval 1.09, 1.60); individual cognitive tests varied in their mortality associations and also performed differently in middle-age and older age groups. Poor cognitive performance is independently associated with higher mortality. This association is observed for global cognition and for specific cognitive abilities. Associations vary depending on the cognitive test (and domain) as well as population characteristics, namely age and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabina A Hayat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nichola Dalzell
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie Moore
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Applied Cognitive Research Group, Loughborough University, National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough, UK
| | - Fiona E Matthews
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Summers WK, Martin RL, Liu Y, Peña B, Marsh GM. Complex antioxidants in a randomized single-blinded study of memory in seniors. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:395-405. [PMID: 28702899 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative injury to the brain and aging are theoretical co-causes of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Amyloid plaques and tangles are then secondary phenomenon. The preclinical state would then be 'normal' elderly. METHODS A potent complex antioxidant (antiOx) was tested against a popular one-a-day multivitamin (mV) in a randomized single blind design in 'normal' senior subjects over 6 months. Memory testing was done at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used to compare the change score of NLT100 and 20WR between two groups over time. RESULTS Analysis of the antiOx group (30 subjects) demonstrated significant improvement in declarative memory (change score for NLT100 at month 6 = 6.36 p < 0.0001) and working memory (change score for 20WR at month 6 = 3.23, p < 0.0001). A change-score analysis over 6 months suggests possible neurogenesis in the antiOx group. The mV group (33 subjects) had a change score of the NLT100 and 20WR on the sixth month of 2.20 and 0.32 (p = 0.07, 0.35). CONCLUSIONS A complex antioxidant blend, sold as an over-the-counter (OTC) supplement, can improve memory in elder subjects. Antioxidants may be beneficial in AD and other neurodegerative diseases.
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16
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Parsons TD, Barnett M. Validity of a Newly Developed Measure of Memory: Feasibility Study of the Virtual Environment Grocery Store. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 59:1227-1235. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Parsons
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Michael Barnett
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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17
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Abstract
The clinical challenge in subjective memory decline (SMD) is to identify which individuals will present memory deficits. Since its early description from Babinsky, who coined the term 'anosognosia' (i.e., the lack of awareness of deficit), the awareness of cognitive impairment is crucial in clinical neuropsychology. We propose a cognitive model in which SMD and anosognosia can be considered two opposite forms of distorted awareness of cognitive performance and can be accounted for within a model in which consciousness of memory performance can vary in a continuum from normal awareness of performance (preserved or impaired) to anosognosia through a disorder of consciousness related to SMD that we call "cognitive dysgnosia", i.e., awareness of normal performance as impaired. This model suggests that the neuropsychological assessment of memory performance should always be coupled with a deep evaluation of awareness of the subject's memory profile, which allow to better identify the disorder of consciousness with or without cognitive impairment. In this line, it seems necessary to develop more sensitive neuropsychological tools in order to discriminate, within the SMD, individuals who are likely to develop clinical Alzheimer's disease from those whose memory decline complaint is not associated with an underlying neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Départment de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Départment de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225 - INSERM U1127 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Départment de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMR-S975, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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18
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Bier B, de Boysson C, Belleville S. Identifying training modalities to improve multitasking in older adults. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:9688. [PMID: 25073453 PMCID: PMC4150891 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies that have measured the effects of attentional training have relied on a range of training formats, which may vary in their efficacy. In particular, it is unclear whether programs that practice dual-tasking are more effective in improving divided attention than programs focusing on flexible allocation priority training. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to compare the efficacy of different types of attentional training formats and (2) to assess transfer to distal measures. Forty-two healthy older adults were randomly assigned to one of three training groups. In the SINGLE training condition, participants practiced a visual detection and an alphanumeric equation task in isolation. In the FIXED training condition, participants practiced both tasks simultaneously with equal attention allocated to each. In the VARIABLE training condition, participants varied the attentional priority allocated to each task. After training, all participants improved their performance on the alphanumeric equation task when performed individually, including those in the SINGLE training condition. Participants in the FIXED training condition improved their divided attention, but only the participants in the VARIABLE training condition showed a greater capacity to vary their attentional priorities according to the instructions. Regarding transfer, all groups improved their performance on the 2-back condition, but only the VARIABLE and FIXED conditions resulted in better performance on the 1-back condition. Overall, the study supports the notion that attentional control capacities in older adults are plastic and can be improved with appropriate training and that the type of training determines its impact on divided attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bier
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montreal, Québec H3W 1W5 Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Chloé de Boysson
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montreal, Québec H3W 1W5 Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montreal, Québec H3W 1W5 Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec Canada
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19
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Abstract
Even those who do not experience dementia or mild cognitive impairment may experience subtle cognitive changes associated with aging. Normal cognitive changes can affect an older adult's everyday function and quality of life, and a better understanding of this process may help clinicians distinguish normal from disease states. This article describes the neurocognitive changes observed in normal aging, followed by a description of the structural and functional alterations seen in aging brains. Practical implications of normal cognitive aging are then discussed, followed by a discussion of what is known about factors that may mitigate age-associated cognitive decline.
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20
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Park LQ, Gross AL, McLaren DG, Pa J, Johnson JK, Mitchell M, Manly JJ; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Confirmatory factor analysis of the ADNI Neuropsychological Battery. Brain Imaging Behav 2012; 6:528-39. [PMID: 22777078 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-012-9190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a large multi-center study designed to develop optimized methods for acquiring longitudinal neuroimaging, cognitive, and biomarker measures of AD progression in a large cohort of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, and healthy controls. Detailed neuropsychological testing was conducted on all participants. We examined the factor structure of the ADNI Neuropsychological Battery across older adults with differing levels of clinical AD severity based on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of 23 variables from 10 neuropsychological tests resulted in five factors (memory, language, visuospatial functioning, attention, and executive function/processing speed) that were invariant across levels of cognitive impairment. Thus, these five factors can be used as indicators of cognitive function in older adults who are participants in ADNI.
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21
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CODERRE EMILYL, VAN HEUVEN WALTERJB, CONKLIN KATHY. The timing and magnitude of Stroop interference and facilitation in monolinguals and bilinguals. Biling (Camb Engl) 2013; 16:420-441. [PMID: 23483406 PMCID: PMC3590568 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728912000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Executive control abilities and lexical access speed in Stroop performance were investigated in English monolinguals and two groups of bilinguals (English-Chinese and Chinese-English) in their first (L1) and second (L2) languages. Predictions were based on a bilingual cognitive advantage hypothesis, implicating cognitive control ability as the critical factor determining Stroop interference; and two bilingual lexical disadvantage hypotheses, focusing on lexical access speed. Importantly, each hypothesis predicts different response patterns in a Stroop task manipulating stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). There was evidence for a bilingual cognitive advantage, although this effect was sensitive to a number of variables including proficiency, language immersion, and script. In lexical access speed, no differences occurred between monolinguals and bilinguals in their native languages, but there was evidence for a delay in L2 processing speed relative to the L1. Overall, the data highlight the multitude of factors affecting executive control and lexical access speed in bilinguals.
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Darby DG, Pietrzak RH, Fredrickson J, Woodward M, Moore L, Fredrickson A, Sach J, Maruff P. Intraindividual cognitive decline using a brief computerized cognitive screening test. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 8:95-104. [PMID: 22404851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive intraindividual decline in memory and cognition is characteristic of dementia and may be useful in detecting very early Alzheimer's disease pathology. METHODS This study evaluated the slopes of cognitive performance over a 12-month period in 263 healthy, community-dwelling, adult volunteers aged ≥50 years. Participants completed a brief computerized battery of cognitive tests (CogState) at baseline and during 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up assessments. Linear mixed models were used to estimate age-adjusted mean slopes and 95% confidence intervals of change for each of the cognitive measures. RESULTS By defining age-adjusted mean slopes, and 95% confidence intervals for a measure of episodic memory, individuals with greater than expected decline (equal to or lower than the fifth percentile level of decline) were identified. From these, four individuals completed a full medical, neurologic, and neuropsychological evaluation, with none of them fulfilling criteria for mild cognitive impairment, but three (75%) having positive amyloid-positron emission tomographic scans. CONCLUSIONS Intraindividual decline in cognitive performance can be detected in otherwise healthy, community-dwelling, older persons, and this may deserve further study as a potential indicator of early Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Abstract
Research indicates that apoliprotein E (ApoE) plays a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and possibly in the cognitive decline associated with normative aging. More recently, researchers have shown that ApoE is expressed in olfactory brain structures, and a relationship among ApoE, AD, and olfactory function has been proposed. In the current analyses, we investigated the contribution of ApoE and odor identification in decline trajectories associated with normative cognitive aging in various domains, using longitudinal data on cognitive performance available from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Data on both ApoE status and olfactory functioning were available from 455 individuals ranging in age from 50 to 88 years at the first measurement occasion. Odor identification was measured via a mailed survey. Cognitive performance was assessed in up to 5 waves of in-person testing covering a period of 16 years. Latent growth curve analyses incorporating odor identification and ApoE status indicated a main effect of odor identification on the performance level in three cognitive domains: verbal, memory, and speed. A main effect of ApoE on rates of decline after age 65 was found for verbal, spatial, and speed factors. The consistency of results across cognitive domains provides support for theories that posit central nervous system-wide origins of the olfaction-cognition-ApoE relationship; however, olfactory errors and APOE ε4 show unique and differential effects on cognitive trajectory features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, IN 47150, USA.
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Thompson TAC, Wilson PH, Snyder PJ, Pietrzak RH, Darby D, Maruff P, Buschke H. Sensitivity and Test-Retest Reliability of the International Shopping List Test in Assessing Verbal Learning and Memory in Mild Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2011; 26:412-24. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acr039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
SummaryThis review discusses the role that the APOE gene plays in cognitive dysfunction both in demented and non-demented elderly people. The increasing problem of cognitive impairment in developed countries makes finding new and effective treatments a research priority. Understanding the biological basis of this impairment is therefore paramount. APOE has received much attention in the field of cognitive genetics due to it being a major susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease, which itself is characterized by a rapid and irreversible loss in memory function. Over the past 14 years this has generated a considerable number of publications that have produced conflicting findings, making it difficult for the reader to interpret whether the APOE gene regulates cognition or not. This review attempts to summarize the mass of information on this gene in relation to cognition, by weighting the pros and cons of the methodologies used, and offers suggestions for future study designs.
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Pietrzak RH, Olver J, Norman T, Piskulic D, Maruff P, Snyder PJ. A comparison of the CogState Schizophrenia Battery and the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Battery in assessing cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2009; 31:848-59. [DOI: 10.1080/13803390802592458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Pietrzak
- a Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Olver
- b Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevor Norman
- b Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danijela Piskulic
- b Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- c Centre for Neuroscience , University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- d CogState Ltd. , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Snyder
- e Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, RI, USA
- f Child Study Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
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Ystad MA, Lundervold AJ, Wehling E, Espeseth T, Rootwelt H, Westlye LT, Andersson M, Adolfsdottir S, Geitung JT, Fjell AM, Reinvang I, Lundervold A. Hippocampal volumes are important predictors for memory function in elderly women. BMC Med Imaging 2009; 9:17. [PMID: 19698138 PMCID: PMC2743662 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-9-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normal aging involves a decline in cognitive function that has been shown to correlate with volumetric change in the hippocampus, and with genetic variability in the APOE-gene. In the present study we utilize 3D MR imaging, genetic analysis and assessment of verbal memory function to investigate relationships between these factors in a sample of 170 healthy volunteers (age range 46–77 years). Methods Brain morphometric analysis was performed with the automated segmentation work-flow implemented in FreeSurfer. Genetic analysis of the APOE genotype was determined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on DNA from whole-blood. All individuals were subjected to extensive neuropsychological testing, including the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT). To obtain robust and easily interpretable relationships between explanatory variables and verbal memory function we applied the recent method of conditional inference trees in addition to scatterplot matrices and simple pairwise linear least-squares regression analysis. Results APOE genotype had no significant impact on the CVLT results (scores on long delay free recall, CVLT-LD) or the ICV-normalized hippocampal volumes. Hippocampal volumes were found to decrease with age and a right-larger-than-left hippocampal asymmetry was also found. These findings are in accordance with previous studies. CVLT-LD score was shown to correlate with hippocampal volume. Multivariate conditional inference analysis showed that gender and left hippocampal volume largely dominated predictive values for CVLT-LD scores in our sample. Left hippocampal volume dominated predictive values for females but not for males. APOE genotype did not alter the model significantly, and age was only partly influencing the results. Conclusion Gender and left hippocampal volumes are main predictors for verbal memory function in normal aging. APOE genotype did not affect the results in any part of our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Ystad
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroinformatics and Image Analysis Laboratory, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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