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Dobson O, Price E, DiTommaso E. Recollected caregiver sensitivity and adult attachment interact to predict mental health and coping. Personality and Individual Differences 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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2
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DiPierro-Sutton M, Poquiz J, Brown S, Fite P, Bortolato M. Models predicting the role of emotion reactivity in the link between reasons for not using and lifetime substance use. J Am Coll Health 2022; 70:527-535. [PMID: 32407218 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1756828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Substance use peaks in emerging adulthood, with evidence suggesting that college-attending emerging adults have a higher rate of substance use than their non-college attending peers. More insight into the factors that might contribute to substance use among college-attending emerging adults is needed. The current study examined the moderating role of emotion reactivity in the link between perceived importance of reasons for not using substances and lifetime marijuana and alcohol use. Participants: 440 undergraduate students under the age of 21 (M = 18.67, 47.7% Male) from a large Midwestern university participated in the study. Methods Participants responded survey items assessing reasons for not using, lifetime marijuana and alcohol use, and emotion reactivity. Results: Emotion reactivity only moderated the link between reasons for not using alcohol (i.e., reasons related to self-control) and lifetime alcohol use. Conclusions: Future research on reasons for not using is warranted. Implications for preventative interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneika DiPierro-Sutton
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jonathan Poquiz
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Shaquanna Brown
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paula Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, Utah, USA
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Dagan O, Groh AM, Madigan S, Bernard K. A Lifespan Development Theory of Insecure Attachment and Internalizing Symptoms: Integrating Meta-Analytic Evidence via a Testable Evolutionary Mis/Match Hypothesis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091226. [PMID: 34573246 PMCID: PMC8469853 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment scholars have long argued that insecure attachment patterns are associated with vulnerability to internalizing symptoms, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. However, accumulating evidence from the past four decades, summarized in four large meta-analyses evaluating the link between insecure attachment subtypes and internalizing symptoms, provide divergent evidence for this claim. This divergent evidence may be accounted for, at least in part, by the developmental period under examination. Specifically, children with histories of deactivating (i.e., insecure/avoidant) but not hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/resistant) attachment patterns in infancy and early childhood showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In contrast, adolescents and adults with hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/preoccupied) but not deactivating (i.e., insecure/dismissing) attachment classifications showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In this paper, we summarize findings from four large meta-analyses and highlight the divergent meta-analytic findings that emerge across different developmental periods. We first present several potential methodological issues that may have contributed to these divergent findings. Then, we leverage clinical, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives to propose a testable lifespan development theory of attachment and internalizing symptoms that integrates findings across meta-analyses. According to this theory, subtypes of insecure attachment patterns may be differentially linked to internalizing symptoms depending on their mis/match with the developmentally appropriate orientation tendency toward caregivers (in childhood) or away from them (i.e., toward greater independence in post-childhood). Lastly, we offer future research directions to test this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Dagan
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada;
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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Stallman HM, Ohan JL, Chiera B. The Role of Social Support, Being Present, and Self‐kindness in University Student Psychological Distress. Australian Psychologist 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Stallman
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia,
| | - Jeneva L. Ohan
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia,
| | - Belinda Chiera
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia,
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Raby KL, Verhage ML, Fearon RMP, Fraley RC, Roisman GI, van Ijzendoorn MH, Schuengel C, Madigan S, Oosterman M, Bakermans-kranenburg MJ, Bernier A, Ensink K, Hautamäki A, Mangelsdorf S, Priddis LE, Wong MS; The Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis. The latent structure of the adult attachment interview: Large sample evidence from the collaboration on attachment transmission synthesis. Dev Psychopathol. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is a widely used measure in developmental science that assesses adults’ current states of mind regarding early attachment-related experiences with their primary caregivers. The standard system for coding the AAI recommends classifying individuals categorically as having an autonomous, dismissing, preoccupied, or unresolved attachment state of mind. However, previous factor and taxometric analyses suggest that: (a) adults’ attachment states of mind are captured by two weakly correlated factors reflecting adults’ dismissing and preoccupied states of mind and (b) individual differences on these factors are continuously rather than categorically distributed. The current study revisited these suggestions about the latent structure of AAI scales by leveraging individual participant data from 40 studies (N = 3,218), with a particular focus on the controversial observation from prior factor analytic work that indicators of preoccupied states of mind and indicators of unresolved states of mind about loss and trauma loaded on a common factor. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that: (a) a 2-factor model with weakly correlated dismissing and preoccupied factors and (b) a 3-factor model that further distinguished unresolved from preoccupied states of mind were both compatible with the data. The preoccupied and unresolved factors in the 3-factor model were highly correlated. Taxometric analyses suggested that individual differences in dismissing, preoccupied, and unresolved states of mind were more consistent with a continuous than a categorical model. The importance of additional tests of predictive validity of the various models is emphasized.
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Pang LHG, Thomas SJ. Exposure to Domestic Violence during Adolescence: Coping Strategies and Attachment Styles as Early Moderators and their Relationship to Functioning during Adulthood. J Child Adolesc Trauma 2020; 13:185-198. [PMID: 32549930 PMCID: PMC7289929 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to domestic violence during adolescence on an individual's psychological health, ability to regulate emotions, and sense of satisfaction with life, during adulthood. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the long-term role of different coping strategies and attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, as potential moderators in the relationship between severity of domestic violence exposure during adolescence and an individual's functioning during adulthood. A total of 218 adult participants completed measures regarding exposure to domestic violence, engagement in coping strategies, and attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, and psychological health, ability to regulate emotions, and sense of satisfaction with life, during adulthood. Ninety-two participants reported domestic violence exposure during adolescence. Two-way analyses of variance indicated that participants who were exposed to domestic violence during adolescence were more likely to report negative functioning during adulthood. Correlational analysis indicated that severity of domestic violence exposure during adolescence was positively correlated with engagement in avoidance-focused coping strategies and insecure attachment, during adolescence, and negative functioning during adulthood. Moderation analyses indicated that engagement in avoidance-focused coping strategies and insecure attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, moderated the relationship between severity of domestic violence exposure during adolescence and functioning during adulthood, but only in low-moderate severity of exposure to domestic violence. These findings confirm the long-term impact of domestic violence exposure during adolescence on an individual's functioning during adulthood, and provide new information that certain coping strategies and attachment with primary caregiver during adolescence may buffer against the impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hui Gin Pang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales Australia
| | - Susan J. Thomas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales Australia
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Helm PJ, Jimenez T, Bultmann M, Lifshin U, Greenberg J, Arndt J. Existential isolation, loneliness, and attachment in young adults. Personality and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Murphy R, Goodall K, Woodrow A. The relationship between attachment insecurity and experiences on the paranoia continuum: A meta‐analysis. Br J Clin Psychol 2020; 59:290-318. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Goodall
- School of Health in Social Science University of Edinburgh UK
| | - Amanda Woodrow
- School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University UK
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Walsh E, Blake Y, Donati A, Stoop R, von Gunten A. Early Secure Attachment as a Protective Factor Against Later Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:161. [PMID: 31333443 PMCID: PMC6622219 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia is complex and incompletely understood. Interest in a developmental perspective to these pathologies is gaining momentum. An early supportive social environment seems to have important implications for social, affective and cognitive abilities across the lifespan. Attachment theory may help to explain the link between these early experiences and later outcomes. This theory considers early interactions between an infant and its caregiver to be crucial to shaping social behavior and emotion regulation strategies throughout adult life. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that such early attachment experiences can, potentially through epigenetic mechanisms, have profound neurobiological and cognitive consequences. Here we discuss how early attachment might influence the development of affective, cognitive, and neurobiological resources that could protect against cognitive decline and dementia. We argue that social relations, both early and late in life, are vital to ensuring cognitive and neurobiological health. The concepts of brain and cognitive reserve are crucial to understanding how environmental factors may impact cognitive decline. We examine the role that attachment might play in fostering brain and cognitive reserve in old age. Finally, we put forward the concept of affective reserve, to more directly frame the socio-affective consequences of early attachment as protectors against cognitive decline. We thereby aim to highlight that, in the study of aging, cognitive decline and dementia, it is crucial to consider the role of affective and social factors such as attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Walsh
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Blake
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Donati
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ron Stoop
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Spensieri V, Cerutti R, Presaghi F, Amendola S, Crozier WR. Italian validation of the Children's Shyness Questionnaire: Exploring associations between shyness and psychosocial functioning. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217722. [PMID: 31163051 PMCID: PMC6548376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, researchers have begun to explore the implications of shyness for the psychosocial wellbeing of children and adolescents, exploring its association with internalizing problems. Research in an Italian context is hindered by the lack of a validated self-report measure of shyness. We report two studies aimed to assess the psychometric properties of an Italian translation of the Children's Shyness Questionnaire (CSQ-it) and investigate its correlations with convergent and divergent constructs. The first study aimed to examine associations between CSQ-it and self-report measures of anxiety and somatic symptoms and attachment with parents and peers. The second study aimed to investigate its relations to internet addiction. METHODS The self-report measures were completed by 550 participants in the first study and 131 participants in the second study. Parents provided information on their child's problems. Psychometric properties were assessed by Cronbach's alpha in both studies and by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in Study 1. The relations between shyness and measures of internalizing problems and attachments were analyzed by correlational methods. In Study 2 a moderated mediation model tested the hypothesis that the relationship between shyness and internet addiction is mediated by somatic symptoms and that shyness moderates the relationship between somatic symptoms and internet addiction. RESULTS The reliability and validity of the Italian Version of the Children's Shyness Questionnaire were satisfactory. Results from confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the single-factor model of the questionnaire previously identified in North American and Chinese studies. There were significant correlations between shyness, anxious and somatic symptomatology, impaired psychosocial functioning and specific components of attachment relationships. In Study 2 the indirect effect of shyness on internet addiction through somatic symptoms was significant as well as significantly moderated for high shyness scores but not for low levels of shyness. CONCLUSION To our knowledge this is the first study that explored the psychometric proprieties of the Children's Shyness Questionnaire in the Italian context. Findings demonstrated that this self-reported measure of shyness has sound psychometric properties and can be used as a sensitive and appropriate instrument for the assessment of shyness in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spensieri
- Department of Dynamic and Clinic Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinic Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Social Processes, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinic Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - W. Ray Crozier
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Szymanska M, Monnin J, Tio G, Vidal C, Girard F, Galdon L, Smith CC, Bifulco A, Nezelof S, Vulliez-Coady L. How do adolescents regulate distress according to attachment style? A combined eye-tracking and neurophysiological approach. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:39-47. [PMID: 30165119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
According to attachment theory, attachment representations influence emotion regulation (ER) across the lifespan. However, research into attachment-related ER in adolescence is still scarce. The aim of this study was to assess attachment-related ER using a multimodal approach, relying on behavioral and neurophysiological parameters. Attachment styles in eighty-one adolescents were assessed with the Attachment Style Interview (ASI). A distress-then-comfort paradigm based on visual stimuli (the Besancon Affective Picture Set-Adolescents) was employed to "activate" then "deactivate" the attachment system. Gaze and neurophysiological parameters of ER strategies were assessed using eye-tracking synchronized with a physiological device. During the first phase "distress exposure", attachment style was associated with the early stage of distress processing indexed by first fixation duration. Withdrawn adolescents fixated distress pictures less than other groups. Fearful adolescents showed a longer first fixation duration than withdrawn adolescents. During the following phase, "comfort-seeking", all groups initially fixed joy-complicity and comfort pictures earlier than neutral pictures, except for withdrawn adolescents, who fixated comfort pictures later than neutral pictures. Additionally, withdrawn adolescents explored comfort pictures less than enmeshed adolescents. Enmeshed adolescents explored neutral pictures less than comfort and joy-complicity pictures. Concerning neurophysiological parameters, first fixation duration correlated positively with Skin Conductance Response (SCR) rise time in fearful adolescents, while glance count correlated negatively with SCR latency in withdrawn adolescents. This study provides an innovative and objective evaluation of behavioral and neurophysiological parameters for attachment-related ER in adolescents, with a temporal resolution. These parameters constitute potential biomarkers that could contribute to our understanding of ER differences in insecure adolescents. This study was registered with the clinical trials database ClinicalTrials.gov on August 01, 2016, under the number NCT02851810.
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Banerjee-Batist R, Reio TG, Rocco TS. Mentoring Functions and Outcomes: An Integrative Literature Review of Sociocultural Factors and Individual Differences. Human Resource Development Review 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1534484318810267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Taylor ZE, Ruiz Y, Nair N. A mixed-method examination of ego-resiliency, adjustment problems, and academic engagement in children of Latino migrant farmworkers. Soc Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E. Taylor
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Yumary Ruiz
- Department of Health and Kinesiology; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Nayantara Nair
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
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Alto M, Handley E, Rogosch F, Cicchetti D, Toth S. Maternal relationship quality and peer social acceptance as mediators between child maltreatment and adolescent depressive symptoms: Gender differences. J Adolesc 2018; 63:19-28. [PMID: 29253716 PMCID: PMC5803351 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment negatively impacts the development of maternal and peer relationships and may put adolescents at risk for depression. The present study examined gender differences in maternal relationship quality and peer social acceptance as mediators of the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent depressive symptoms in 342 (151 female, 191 male) maltreated (n = 198) and nonmaltreated (n = 144) youth in the USA. An observer report Q-Scale measure of depressive symptoms was developed and received preliminary support. Social acceptance was a significant mediator for both genders. The significant association between maltreatment and maternal relationship quality was unique to females, and the association between maternal relationship quality and depressive symptoms was significantly stronger for females. Lower maternal relationship quality marginally significantly mediated the association between maltreatment and depressive symptoms for females only. Results have implications for the prevention and intervention of depression in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Alto
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | | | - Fred Rogosch
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheree Toth
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Abstract
This article explores overlap of symptoms between autism and attachment difficulties and suggests innovative solutions based on formulation. Currently, clinicians express difficulties in differentiating between these conditions contributing to misdiagnosis. Research into the prevalence of attachment difficulties among children with autism often fails to reflect detailed knowledge of attachment theory. Consequently, studies in this area employ questionable modifications to attachment measures and methods of analysis. The findings of such studies are confusing and inconsistent. Children with autism and their parents are, however, known to be at high risk of developing insecure attachment patterns. Clinical assessments based on formulation may be helpful in these cases, as they include consideration of developmental and relational factors contributing to symptom presentation. Research suggests that where parents of children with autism establish secure relationships with their children outcomes are improved. Consequently, interventions, which improve dyadic synchrony and sensitivity of parents, are likely to benefit families living with autism and attachment difficulties.
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Raby KL, Yarger HA, Lind T, Fraley RC, Leerkes E, Dozier M. Attachment states of mind among internationally adoptive and foster parents. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:365-78. [PMID: 28401831 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579417000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The first aim of the current study was to examine the latent structure of attachment states of mind as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) among three groups of parents of children at risk for insecure attachments: parents who adopted internationally (N = 147), foster parents (N = 300), and parents living in poverty and involved with Child Protective Services (CPS; N = 284). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the state of mind rating scales loaded on two factors reflecting adults' preoccupied and dismissing states of mind. Taxometric analyses indicated the variation in adults' preoccupied states of mind was more consistent with a dimensional than a categorical model, whereas results for dismissing states of mind were indeterminate. The second aim was to examine the degree to which the attachment states of mind of internationally adoptive and foster parents differ from those of poverty/CPS-referred parents and low-risk parents. After controlling for parental age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, (a) internationally adoptive parents had lower scores on the dismissing dimension than the sample of community parents described by Haltigan, Leerkes, Supple, and Calkins (2014); (b) foster parents did not differ from community parents on either the dismissing or the preoccupied AAI dimension; and (c) both internationally adoptive and foster parents had lower scores on the preoccupied dimension than poverty/CPS-referred parents. Analyses using the traditional AAI categories provided convergent evidence that (a) internationally adoptive parents were more likely to be classified as having an autonomous state of mind than low-risk North American mothers based on Bakermans-Kranenburg and van IJzendoorn's (2009) meta-analytic estimates, (b) the rates of autonomous states of mind did not differ between foster and low-risk parents, and
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Martin J, Bureau JF, Lafontaine MF, Cloutier P, Hsiao C, Pallanca D, Meinz P. Preoccupied but not dismissing attachment states of mind are associated with nonsuicidal self-injury. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:379-88. [PMID: 28401828 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579417000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation the factor structure of the Adult Attachment Interview was studied in a partially at-risk sample of 120 young adults. More specifically, 60 participants had engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI; 53 females, M age = 20.38 years), and 60 were non-self-injuring controls matched by age and sex. Theoretically anticipated differential associations between preoccupied (but not dismissing) states of mind and NSSI were then examined. Exploratory factor analyses identified evidence for two weakly correlated state of mind dimensions (i.e., dismissing and preoccupied) consistently identified in factor analyses of normative-risk samples. As hypothesized, results further showed that preoccupied (but not dismissing) states of mind were associated with NSSI behavior. Findings support existing arguments suggesting that the regulatory strategy adults adopt when discussing attachment-related experiences with primary caregivers, particularly passive, angry, or unresolved discourse patterns, is uniquely correlated with NSSI.
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Stallman HM, Ohan JL, Chiera B. The role of social support, being present and self-kindness in university student well-being. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2017.1343458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Stallman
- School of Psychology Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeneva L. Ohan
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Belinda Chiera
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
This investigation examined preoccupied attachment states of mind as both a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and as a mechanism by which prospectively assessed childhood experiences of abuse and neglect predicted the frequency/severity of NSSI behavior up to age 26 years in 164 individuals (83 females) who were followed from birth in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation. Preoccupied (but not dismissing) states of mind regarding both childhood caregivers and adult romantic partners were correlated with more frequent/severe NSSI. Furthermore, preoccupied states of mind regarding caregivers partially accounted for the association between childhood abuse/neglect and NSSI. This work represents a rare prospective test of a developmental psychopathology framework for understanding NSSI behavior, in which atypical caregiving experiences are carried forward through attachment representations of caregivers that reflect behavioral risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Martin
- a Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Canada
| | - K Lee Raby
- b Department of Psychology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Madelyn H Labella
- c Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Glenn I Roisman
- c Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.,d Department of Psychology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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Parra F, Miljkovitch R, Persiaux G, Morales M, Scherer S. The Multimodal Assessment of Adult Attachment Security: Developing the Biometric Attachment Test. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e100. [PMID: 28385683 PMCID: PMC5399225 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment theory has been proven essential for mental health, including psychopathology, development, and interpersonal relationships. Validated psychometric instruments to measure attachment abound but suffer from shortcomings common to traditional psychometrics. Recent developments in multimodal fusion and machine learning pave the way for new automated and objective psychometric instruments for adult attachment that combine psychophysiological, linguistic, and behavioral analyses in the assessment of the construct. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to present a new exposure-based, automatic, and objective adult-attachment assessment, the Biometric Attachment Test (BAT), which exposes participants to a short standardized set of visual and music stimuli, whereas their immediate reactions and verbal responses, captured by several computer sense modalities, are automatically analyzed for scoring and classification. We also aimed to empirically validate two of its assumptions: its capacity to measure attachment security and the viability of using themes as placeholders for rotating stimuli. METHODS A total of 59 French participants from the general population were assessed using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), and the Attachment Multiple Model Interview (AMMI) as ground truth for attachment security. They were then exposed to three different BAT stimuli sets, whereas their faces, voices, heart rate (HR), and electrodermal activity (EDA) were recorded. Psychophysiological features, such as skin-conductance response (SCR) and Bayevsky stress index; behavioral features, such as gaze and facial expressions; as well as linguistic and paralinguistic features, were automatically extracted. An exploratory analysis was conducted using correlation matrices to uncover the features that are most associated with attachment security. A confirmatory analysis was conducted by creating a single composite effects index and by testing it for correlations with attachment security. The stability of the theory-consistent features across three different stimuli sets was explored using repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVAs). RESULTS In total, 46 theory-consistent correlations were found during the exploration (out of 65 total significant correlations). For example, attachment security as measured by the AAP was correlated with positive facial expressions (r=.36, P=.01). AMMI's security with the father was inversely correlated with the low frequency (LF) of HRV (r=-.87, P=.03). Attachment security to partners as measured by the AAQ was inversely correlated with anger facial expression (r=-.43, P=.001). The confirmatory analysis showed that the composite effects index was significantly correlated to security in the AAP (r=.26, P=.05) and the AAQ (r=.30, P=.04) but not in the AMMI. Repeated measures ANOVAs conducted individually on each of the theory-consistent features revealed that only 7 of the 46 (15%) features had significantly different values among responses to three different stimuli sets. CONCLUSIONS We were able to validate two of the instrument's core assumptions: its capacity to measure attachment security and the viability of using themes as placeholders for rotating stimuli. Future validation of other of its dimensions, as well as the ongoing development of its scoring and classification algorithms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Parra
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Paragraphe Laboratory, Paris VIII University, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | | | - Michelle Morales
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Scherer
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the associations between attachment state of mind and adjustment to college. A related aim was to examine the moderating role of attachment state of mind in the relation between parental control and school adjustment. One-hundred two college freshmen completed the Adult Attachment Interview and a measure of parental control. They also completed a measure of college adjustment at the very beginning and at the very end of their freshman year. The findings showed that pre-occupation with attachment is related to poor adjustment after 1 year in college and to a general deterioration in adjustment and in grades during the freshman year. Preoccupation with attachment also accentuates the negative relationbetween parental psychological control and social adjustment. Dismissing attachment tendencies were found to be unrelated to college adjustment.
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Reiner I, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Van IJzendoorn MH, Fremmer-Bombik E, Beutel M. Adult attachment representation moderates psychotherapy treatment efficacy in clinically depressed inpatients. J Affect Disord 2016; 195:163-71. [PMID: 26896809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored in a sample of clinically depressed patients the influence of attachment security and unresolved trauma on psychotherapeutic outcome as well as changes in attachment representation through psychotherapeutic intervention. METHODS The sample consisted of 85 women (aged 19-52), 43 clinically depressed patients from a psychosomatic inpatient unit, and 42 healthy control subjects matched for age and education. Average length of hospitalization in the patient group was eight weeks. Attachment representations were assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview at the time of admission (baseline) and at discharge. Depressive symptoms were measured using the PHQ-9 at T1 and T2. RESULTS Insecure attachment representations were overrepresented in depressed patients. Treatment effects were moderated by baseline attachment representation: patients with higher attachment security scores at admission benefited more from the inpatient treatment and were less depressed at time of discharge than less secure patients (η(2)=.07). Generally, attachment security increased (η(2)=.19) and depressive symptoms decreased (η(2)=.23) after inpatient psychotherapy treatment in the patient group. No significant effects for unresolved symptoms were found. LIMITATIONS The study is not a randomized controlled study, but used a quasi-experimental matched control group design with female subjects only. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that attachment representations play a major role in both the development and treatment of clinical depression. Baseline attachment security may influence psychotherapeutic outcome, perhaps through relational factors such as therapeutic working alliance. Inpatient psychotherapy may also need to address psychological issues associated with depression such as attachment insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Reiner
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - M J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Rommert Casimir Institute for Developmental Psychopathology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M H Van IJzendoorn
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Rommert Casimir Institute for Developmental Psychopathology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Fremmer-Bombik
- Clinic for Child Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Beutel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between attachment styles, mentoring (psychosocial support and career support), organizational commitment, and turnover intent of protégés in formal faculty mentoring.
Design/methodology/approach
– An internet survey was conducted with a population of 125 protégés in a formal faculty mentoring program at a US university.
Findings
– Results from linear regression analyses revealed that protégés’ secure attachment was positively and significantly related with their organizational commitment and was negatively and significantly related to intent to turnover. Additional linear regression analyses revealed that psychosocial support and career support were positively and significantly related with protégé organizational commitment and were negatively and significantly related to intent to turnover. Hierarchical regression showed that secure attachment alone was a unique predictor of protégés’ organizational commitment and intent to turnover. Further, attachment and career support interacted to predict both organizational commitment and intent to turnover.
Research limitations/implications
– Although psychosocial support and career support in mentoring influence organizational commitment and turnover intent, protégés who are securely attached experience more support. Furthermore, career support the positive association between secure attachment and organizational commitment and the negative association between secure attachment and turnover intent.
Originality/value
– Little research has specifically addressed attachment and its links to mentoring and organizational outcomes such as organizational commitment and turnover intent in the context of faculty mentoring. Therefore, the study contributes to the understanding of how attachment and mentoring influence organizational commitment and turnover intent in academe.
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Olsson I, Hagekull B, Giannotta F, Åhlander C. Adolescents and social support situations. Scand J Psychol 2016; 57:223-32. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Olsson
- Department of Child and Youth Studies; Stockholm University; Sweden
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Fransson M, Granqvist P, Marciszko C, Hagekull B, Bohlin G. Is middle childhood attachment related to social functioning in young adulthood? Scand J Psychol 2016; 57:108-16. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Fransson
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Pehr Granqvist
- Department of Psychology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Carin Marciszko
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Berit Hagekull
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Gunilla Bohlin
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Kokkinos CM, Kakarani S, Kolovou D. Relationships among shyness, social competence, peer relations, and theory of mind among pre-adolescents. Soc Psychol Educ 2016; 19:117-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-015-9317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Poor academic performance is a strong predictor of school dropout. Researchers have tried to disentangle variables influencing academic performance. However, studies on preschool and early care variables are seldom examined when explaining the school dropout process. We reviewed the literature on the relationship between caregiver-child attachment and academic performance, including attachment studies from preschool years, seeking out potential contributions to academic performance and the dropout process. The review was organized according to a model of four main mediating hypotheses: the attachment-teaching hypothesis, the social network hypothesis, the attachment-cooperation hypothesis, and the attachment self-regulation hypothesis. The results of the review are summed up in a model. There is some support for all four hypotheses. The review indicates that attachment and early care contribute substantially to dropout and graduation processes. Mediation effects should be given far more attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Ramsdal
- a Department of Health and Social Science , Harstad University College , N-9180 Harstad , Norway.,b Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- c Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Rolf Wynn
- b Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
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Martin J, Bureau J, Yurkowski K, Lafontaine M, Cloutier P. Heterogeneity of Relational Backgrounds is Associated With Variation in Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2016; 44:511-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rohlf HL, Krahé B. Assessing anger regulation in middle childhood: development and validation of a behavioral observation measure. Front Psychol 2015; 6:453. [PMID: 25964767 PMCID: PMC4408751 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An observational measure of anger regulation in middle childhood was developed that facilitated the in situ assessment of five maladaptive regulation strategies in response to an anger-eliciting task. 599 children aged 6–10 years (M = 8.12, SD = 0.92) participated in the study. Construct validity of the measure was examined through correlations with parent- and self-reports of anger regulation and anger reactivity. Criterion validity was established through links with teacher-rated aggression and social rejection measured by parent-, teacher-, and self-reports. The observational measure correlated significantly with parent- and self-reports of anger reactivity, whereas it was unrelated to parent- and self-reports of anger regulation. It also made a unique contribution to predicting aggression and social rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Rohlf
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany
| | - Barbara Krahé
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological studies found that adopted children suffer from lack of attachment relationships in life. It is important for new parents to understand the underlying concepts before they begin to comprehend behavior issues arising out of different turbulent situations in an adopted child's life. Attachment theory facilitates in comprehending the frame of mind of these children, when they come from emotionally turbulent backgrounds and how some, if not all behavior issues can be attempted to be resolved to recognize children better and to create a nurturing relationship between adopted child and new parents. FINDINGS Focus group method was deployed to collect the data via un-restricted non-probability sampling approach; data was quantified for evaluating the hypotheses via t-test of equality of means. Cross cultural findings suggested that parents-adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is revealed more in non-working parents, female parents, children of 11-14 years and female children across stated nations while, the ambivalent, avoidant and disorganized attachments are found more in practice if parents are working & male parents and if foster children are male at large & of 15-18 years. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the task of creating an enriched attachment relationship with an adopted child depends more on parents, normally non working parents and female parents while quality time and care is given somehow the other to young and female kids by either of the parents for establishing quality attachment. Quality time being bestowed to kids translates the category and intensity of parents- children associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz Subhani
- />Office of Research, Innovation & Commercialization- ORIC, Iqra University-IU, Main Campus, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Amber Osman
- />Office of Research, Innovation & Commercialization- ORIC, Iqra University-IU, Main Campus, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Fariha Abrar
- />State City University of New York, New York, USA
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Dawson AE, Allen JP, Marston EG, Hafen CA, Schad MM. Adolescent insecure attachment as a predictor of maladaptive coping and externalizing behaviors in emerging adulthood. Attach Hum Dev 2014; 16:462-78. [PMID: 24995478 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2014.934848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether insecure adolescent attachment organization (i.e., preoccupied and dismissing) longitudinally predicted self- and peer-reported externalizing behavior in emerging adulthood. Secondarily, maladaptive coping strategies were examined for their potential role in mediating the relationship between insecure attachment and future externalizing behaviors. Target participants (N = 184) were given the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) at age 14 and re-interviewed seven and eight years later with their closest peer. Qualities of both preoccupied and dismissing attachment organization predicted self-reported externalizing behaviors in emerging adulthood eight years later, but only preoccupation was predictive of close-peer reports of emerging adult externalizing behavior. Maladaptive coping strategies only mediated the relationship between a dismissing stance toward attachment and future self-reported externalizing behaviors. Understanding the role of coping and emotional regulation in attachment may help us to understand the unique aspects of both dismissing and preoccupied stances toward attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Dawson
- a Department of Psychology , Ohio University , Athens , USA
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35
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Colizzi M, Costa R, Pace V, Todarello O. Hormonal Treatment Reduces Psychobiological Distress in Gender Identity Disorder, Independently of the Attachment Style. J Sex Med 2013; 10:3049-58. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
We used 2 studies to examine attachment security and college student success. In the 1st study, 85 first-semester students provided information on attachment dimensions and psychological, ethical, and social indices. More anxious students performed worse academically in college than they had in high school and indicated they would be more willing to cheat; they also scored lower on measures of academic locus of control and self-esteem than their peers. Securely attached students reported low levels of depression and anxiety. Findings were supported with regression analysis conducted with controls for attachment avoidance, high school grade-point average, and gender. A 2nd follow-up study showed that college students who had plagiarized papers reported high levels of attachment anxiety. The contribution of attachment theory to academic advising is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget J. Goosby
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, 742 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Anna Bellatorre
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, 731 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Katrina M. Walsemann
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 800 Sumter Street, Room 216, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Jacob E. Cheadle
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 737 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
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38
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Pereira MG, Taysi E, Orcan F, Fincham F. Attachment, Infidelity, and Loneliness in College Students Involved in a Romantic Relationship: The Role of Relationship Satisfaction, Morbidity, and Prayer for Partner. Contemp Fam Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-013-9289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Turan N, Erdur-Baker Ö. Attitudes towards seeking psychological help among a sample of Turkish university students: the roles of rumination and internal working models. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2013.831031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Tarabulsy GM, Larose S, Bernier A, Trottier-Sylvain K, Girard D, Vargas M, Noël C. Attachment states of mind in late adolescence and the quality and course of romantic relationships in adulthood. Attach Hum Dev 2012; 14:621-43. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2012.728358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
In recent years, attachment theory, which was originally formulated to describe and explain infant-parent emotional bonding, has been applied to the study of adolescent and adult romantic relationships and then to the study of psychological processes, such as interpersonal functioning, emotion regulation, coping with stress, and mental health. In this paper, we offer a brief overview of the attachment perspective on psychopathology. Following a brief account of attachment theory, we go on to explain how the study of individual differences in adult attachment intersects with the study of psychopathology. Specifically, we review research findings showing that attachment insecurity is a major contributor to mental disorders, and that the enhancement of attachment security can facilitate amelioration of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mikulincer
- 1School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, P.O. Box 167, Herzliya 46150, Israel
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43
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Sim TN, Ng EL. Parental Attachment and Adjustment to Higher Learning Institutions: The Role of Stress for a Malaysian Sample of Late Adolescents. Journal of Counseling & Development 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Scharf M, Mayseless O, Kivenson-Baron I. Leaving the Parental Nest: Adjustment Problems, Attachment Representations, and Social Support During the Transition from High School to Military Service. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2011; 40:411-23. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2011.563464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miri Scharf
- a Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa
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Borelli JL, Goshin L, Joestl S, Clark J, Byrne MW. Attachment organization in a sample of incarcerated mothers: distribution of classifications and associations with substance abuse history, depressive symptoms, perceptions of parenting competency and social support. Attach Hum Dev 2010; 12:355-74. [PMID: 20582845 PMCID: PMC2946896 DOI: 10.1080/14616730903416971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report attachment classifications in a sample of pregnant women incarcerated in a state prison with a nursery program. Analyses were based on 69 women serving sentences for felony crimes who were followed from the birth of their child to completion of the prison nursery co-residence. They completed the Adult Attachment Interview shortly after entering the program and scales measuring depression, perceived parenting competency, and social support at study entry (Time 1) and program completion (Time 2). Incarcerated mothers had higher rates of insecure attachment than previous low-risk community samples. Compared with dismissing and secure mothers, preoccupied mothers reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, lower parenting competency, and lower satisfaction with social support at the conclusion of the nursery program. Higher scores on unresolved loss and derogation were associated with a history of substance abuse; higher scores on unresolved trauma were associated with depressive symptoms at program completion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorie Goshin
- Columbia University, School of Nursing, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Joestl
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Juliette Clark
- Columbia University, School of Nursing, New York, New York
| | - Mary W. Byrne
- Columbia University, School of Nursing, New York, New York
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Chango JM, McElhaney KB, Allen JP. Attachment organization and patterns of conflict resolution in friendships predicting adolescents' depressive symptoms over time. Attach Hum Dev 2009; 11:331-46. [PMID: 19603299 DOI: 10.1080/14616730903016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the moderating effects of observed conflict management styles with friends on the link between adolescents' preoccupied attachment organization and changing levels of depressive symptoms from age 13 to age 18 years. Adolescents and their close friends were observed during a revealed differences task, and friends' behaviors were coded for both conflict avoidance and overpersonalizing attacks. Results indicated that preoccupied adolescents showed greater relative increases in depressive symptoms when their friends demonstrated overpersonalizing behaviors, vs. greater relative decreases in depressive symptoms when their friends avoided conflict by deferring to them. Results suggest the exquisite sensitivity of preoccupied adolescents to qualities of peer relationships as predictors of future levels of psychological functioning.
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Goldner L, Mayseless O. Juggling the roles of parents, therapists, friends and teachers – a working model for an integrative conception of mentoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/13611260802433783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cloitre M, Stovall-McClough C, Zorbas P, Charuvastra A. Attachment organization, emotion regulation, and expectations of support in a clinical sample of women with childhood abuse histories. J Trauma Stress 2008; 21:282-9. [PMID: 18553408 DOI: 10.1002/jts.20339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite the consistent documentation of an association between compromised attachment and clinical disorders, there are few empirical studies exploring factors that may mediate this relationship. This study evaluated the potential roles of emotion regulation and social support expectations in linking adult attachment classification and psychiatric impairment in 109 women with a history of childhood abuse and a variety of diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Path analysis confirmed that insecure attachment was associated with psychiatric impairment through the pathways of poor emotion regulation capacities and diminished expectations of support. Results suggest the relevance of attachment theory in understanding the myriad psychiatric outcomes associated with childhood maltreatment and in particular, the focal roles that emotion regulation and interpersonal expectations may play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylene Cloitre
- NYU Child Study Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical College, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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