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Karabulut M, Bitting M, Bejar J. Postexercise Arterial Compliance and Hemodynamic Responses to Various Durations and Intensities of Aerobic Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:589-596. [PMID: 36730586 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Karabulut, M, Bitting, M, and Bejar, J. Postexercise arterial compliance and hemodynamic responses to various durations and intensities of aerobic exercise. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 589-596, 2023-The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various aerobic training protocols using different intensities and durations on arterial compliance and hemodynamic responses. Seventeen male subjects (age = 23.1 ± 2.8 years) performed a maximal oxygen consumption (V̇ o2 max) test, followed by 3 randomly assigned exercise test sessions, each on a separate day. At the beginning of each test session, pre-exercise baseline assessments of arterial elasticity, hemodynamic variables, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed after a 10-minute rest. After baseline measurements, participants performed either a bout of aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 60 minutes at 65% of V̇ o2 max (60min); 20 minutes at 40% of V̇ o2 max (20min); or for 20 minutes at 40% of V̇ o2 max with blood flow restriction (BFR; 20min-BFR). All baseline measurements were repeated at the completion of each testing session. Significance for this study was set at p ≤ 0.05. The 60min session resulted in significant increases in small artery elasticity (SAE) compared with the 20min-BFR session ( p < 0.03) and decreases in both systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and total vascular impedance (TVI) compared with both 20min sessions ( p < 0.01). The carotid to radial PWV was significantly lower after both the 60min and the 20min-BFR sessions compared with the 20min session ( p < 0.02). The findings indicate that the duration and the intensity of exercise are important factors for improving SAE, SVR, and TVI. In addition, 20min-BFR at 40% V̇ o2 max may result in site-specific modifications in PWV that is comparable with those seen after 60 minutes of exercise at 65% V̇ o2 max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Karabulut
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
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Santos V, Massuça LM, Angarten V, Melo X, Pinto R, Fernhall B, Santa-Clara H. Arterial Stiffness following Endurance and Resistance Exercise Sessions in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14697. [PMID: 36429412 PMCID: PMC9690428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness (AS) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Acute endurance training decreases AS, whereas acute resistance training increases it. However, these results are from studies in apparently healthy adults, and there is no information on the effects of such afterload AS in elderly patients with CAD. We aimed to investigate the effect of acute endurance or resistance training on the time course of changes in the indices of AS in elderly patients with CAD in order to understand how stiffness responds after training. We tested 18 trained men with CAD. AS was measured using central and peripheral pulse wave velocity (PWV) after 15 min of rest and after 5, 15, and 30 min of endurance and resistance training sessions. The endurance session consisted of high-intensity interval walking at 85-90% of maximum heart rate, and the resistance session consisted of 70% of the maximum of one repetition. An interaction effect was found for central and peripheral PWV (p ≤ 0.001; carotid, η2 = 0.72; aortic, η2 = 0.90; femoral, η2 = 0.74), which was due to an increase in PWV after resistance and a decrease in central and peripheral PWV after endurance. This study demonstrates that training mode influences the time course of AS responses to acute exercise in these patients. Acute endurance training decreased AS, whereas resistance training significantly increased it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Santos
- CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- KinesioLab, Research Unit in Human Movement Analysis, Instituto Piaget, 2805-059 Almada, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Massuça
- ICPOL Research Center, Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security, 1349-040 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIDEFES—Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, Exercise and Health, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor Angarten
- CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xavier Melo
- CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinto
- Structural and Coronary Heart Disease Unit, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL@RISE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
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Saz-Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Notario-Pacheco B, Ruiz-Grao MC, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. The Acute Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E291. [PMID: 33466830 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness has been shown to be a subclinical marker associated with cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, long-term exercise has been demonstrated to reduce arterial stiffness, providing a decrease in cardiovascular risk. However, the acute effect of exercise on arterial stiffness is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the acute effect of exercise interventions on arterial stiffness in healthy adults. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from their inception to 30 June 2020. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the acute effect of exercise on arterial stiffness using random-effects models to calculate pooled effect size estimates and their corresponding 95% CI. Pulse wave velocity was measured as an arterial stiffness index. The 30 studies included in the meta-analysis showed that pulse wave velocity was not modified immediately after exercise (0 min post) (ES: 0.02; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.26), but subsequently decreased 30 min after exercise (ES: −0.27; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.12). Thereafter, pulse wave velocity increased to its initial value 24 h after exercise (ES: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.21, 0.07). Our results show that, although there is a significant reduction in pulse wave velocity 30 min after exercise, the levels of arterial stiffness return to their basal levels after 24 h. These findings could imply that, in order to achieve improvements in pulse wave velocity, exercise should be performed on a daily basis.
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Bonavita S. Exercise and Parkinson’s Disease. In: Xiao J, editor. Physical Exercise for Human Health. Singapore: Springer; 2020. pp. 289-301. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Karabulut M, Lopez JA, Karabulut U. Aerobic training session length affects arterial elasticity. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2019; 40:14-20. [PMID: 31552704 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine haemodynamic and arterial elasticity responses to aerobic exercise of varying durations. METHODS Eighteen male subjects (age = 23·4 ± 2·0) performed a maximal aerobic fitness (VO2max ) test. Participants met in the laboratory following an overnight fast for three randomly assigned sessions. Assessments for large and small arterial elasticity (SAE), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), total vascular impedance (TVI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), pulse pressure (PP) and cardiac ejection time (CET) were performed using applanation tonometry at the radial artery. Following baseline measurements, participants executed aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 65% of their respective VO2max for 30, 45 or 60 min on three different occasions. Postexercise measurements were performed immediately, 10, 20 and 40 min postexercise cessation. RESULTS The 60-min exercise bout resulted in significantly increased SAE values (P < 0·04) and decreased SVR values (P < 0·02) when compared with the 30-min exercise bout. The 60-min session also caused significantly higher HR values and significantly lower values for SV and DBP values following exercise (P < 0·04). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study emphasize that varying the length of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise bouts affects arterial elasticity response and total vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe A Lopez
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ulku Karabulut
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
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Crowley EK, Nolan YM, Sullivan AM. Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from rodent models. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 172:2-22. [PMID: 30481560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway, which leads to the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease - tremor, rigidity and postural instability. A number of non-motor symptoms are also associated with PD, including cognitive impairment, mood disturbances and dysfunction of gastrointestinal and autonomic systems. Current therapies provide symptomatic relief but do not halt the disease process, so there is an urgent need for preventative strategies. Lifestyle interventions such as aerobic exercise have shown potential to lower the risk of developing PD and to alleviate both motor and non-motor symptoms. However, there is a lack of large-scale randomised clinical trials that have employed exercise in PD patients. This review will focus on the evidence from studies on rodent models of PD, for employing exercise as an intervention for both motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Crowley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Y M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - A M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Perissiou M, Bailey TG, Windsor M, Nam MCY, Greaves K, Leicht AS, Golledge J, Askew CD. Effects of exercise intensity and cardiorespiratory fitness on the acute response of arterial stiffness to exercise in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1673-1688. [PMID: 29850932 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased arterial stiffness is observed with ageing and in individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness ([Formula: see text]O2peak), and associated with cardiovascular risk. Following an exercise bout, transient arterial stiffness reductions offer short-term benefit, but may depend on exercise intensity. This study assessed the effects of exercise intensity on post-exercise arterial stiffness in older adults with varying fitness levels. METHODS Fifty-one older adults (72 ± 5 years) were stratified into fitness tertiles ([Formula: see text]O2peak: low-, 22.3 ± 3.1; mid-, 27.5 ± 2.4 and high-fit 36.3 ± 6.5 mL kg-1 min-1). In a randomised order, participants underwent control (no-exercise), moderate-intensity continuous exercise (40% of peak power output; PPO), and higher-intensity interval exercise (70% of PPO) protocols. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx75) and reflection magnitude (RM) were assessed at rest and during 90 min of recovery following each protocol. RESULTS After control, delta PWV increased over time (P < 0.001) and delta RM was unchanged. After higher-intensity interval exercise, delta PWV (P < 0.001) and delta RM (P < 0.001) were lower to control in all fitness groups. After moderate-intensity continuous exercise, delta PWV was not different from control in low-fit adults (P = 0.057), but was lower in the mid- and higher-fit older adults. Post-exercise AIx75 was higher to control in all fitness groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In older adults, PWV increases during seated rest and this response is attenuated after higher-intensity interval exercise, regardless of fitness level. This attenuation was also observed after moderate-intensity continuous exercise in adults with higher, but not lower fitness levels. Submaximal exercise reveals differences in the arterial stiffness responses between older adults with higher and lower cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Perissiou
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Tom G Bailey
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Windsor
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Chi Yuan Nam
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Kim Greaves
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia.,Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher D Askew
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia.
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Mutter AF, Cooke AB, Saleh O, Gomez YH, Daskalopoulou SS. A systematic review on the effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness reveals a differential response in the upper and lower arterial segments. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:146-72. [PMID: 27733765 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to provide insight into the controversy that still abounds as to the impact of acute aerobic exercise on immediate changes in arterial stiffness. Electronic databases were searched to identify articles assessing the effects of acute aerobic exercise on parameters of arterial stiffness. Eligible studies included arterial stiffness measurements before and after acute aerobic exercise in healthy human subjects. Forty-three studies were included. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness was found to be dependent on the anatomical segment assessed, and on the timing of the measurement post-exercise. Arterial stiffness of the central and upper body peripheral arterial segments was found to be increased relative to resting values immediately post-exercise (0-5 min), whereas, thereafter (>5 min), decreased to a level at or below resting values. In the lower limbs, proximal to the primary working muscles, arterial stiffness decreased immediately post-exercise (0-5 min), which persisted into the recovery period post-exercise (>5 min). This systematic review reveals a differential response to acute exercise in the lower and upper/central arterial segments in healthy adult subjects. We further showed that the effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness is dependent on the timing of the measurements post-exercise. Therefore, when assessing the overall impact of exercise on arterial stiffness, it is important to consider the arterial segment being analyzed and measurement time point, as failure to contextualize the measurement can lead to conflicting results and misleading clinical inferences.
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García-de Blas E, Mateo R, Alonso-Alvarez C. Specific carotenoid pigments in the diet and a bit of oxidative stress in the recipe for producing red carotenoid-based signals. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2237. [PMID: 27635308 PMCID: PMC5012267 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorful ornaments have been the focus of sexual selection studies since the work of Darwin. Yellow to red coloration is often produced by carotenoid pigments. Different hypotheses have been formulated to explain the evolution of these traits as signals of individual quality. Many of these hypotheses involve the existence of a signal production cost. The carotenoids necessary for signaling can only be obtained from food. In this line, carotenoid-based signals could reveal an individual’s capacity to find sufficient dietary pigments. However, the ingested carotenoids are often yellow and became transformed by the organism to produce pigments of more intense color (red ketocarotenoids). Biotransformation should involve oxidation reactions, although the exact mechanism is poorly known. We tested the hypothesis that carotenoid biotransformation could be costly because a certain level of oxidative stress is required to correctly perform the conversion. The carotenoid-based signals could thus reveal the efficiency of the owner in successfully managing this challenge. In a bird with ketocarotenoid-based ornaments (the red-legged partridge; Alectoris rufa), the availability of different carotenoids in the diet (i.e. astaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein) and oxidative stress were manipulated. The carotenoid composition was analyzed and quantified in the ornaments, blood, liver and fat. A number of oxidative stress biomarkers were also measured in the same tissues. First, we found that color and pigment levels in the ornaments depended on food levels of those carotenoids used as substrates in biotransformation. Second, we found that birds exposed to mild levels of a free radical generator (diquat) developed redder bills and deposited higher amounts of ketocarotenoids (astaxanthin) in ornaments. Moreover, the same diquat-exposed birds also showed a weaker resistance to hemolysis when their erythrocytes were exposed to free radicals, with females also enduring higher oxidative damage in plasma lipids. Thus, higher color production would be linked to higher oxidative stress, supporting the biotransformation hypothesis. The recent discovery of an avian oxygenase enzyme involved in converting yellow to red carotenoids may support our results. Nonetheless, the effect could also depend on the abundance of specific substrate carotenoids in the diet. Birds fed with proportionally higher levels of zeaxanthin showed the reddest ornaments with the highest astaxanthin concentrations. Moreover, these birds tended to show the strongest diquat-mediated effect. Therefore, in the evolution of carotenoid-based sexual signals, a biotransformation cost derived from maintaining a well-adjusted redox machinery could coexist with a cost linked to carotenoid acquisition and allocation (i.e. a resource allocation trade-off).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-de Blas
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain; Ecología Evolituva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Carpio-Rivera E, Moncada-Jiménez J, Salazar-Rojas W, Solera-Herrera A. Acute Effects of Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analytic Investigation. Arq Bras Cardiol 2016; 106:422-33. [PMID: 27168471 PMCID: PMC4914008 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20160064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects 25% of the world's population and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders and other diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the evidence regarding the acute effect of exercise on blood pressure (BP) using meta-analytic measures. Sixty-five studies were compared using effect sizes (ES), and heterogeneity and Z tests to determine whether the ES were different from zero. The mean corrected global ES for exercise conditions were -0.56 (-4.80 mmHg) for systolic BP (sBP) and -0.44 (-3.19 mmHg) for diastolic BP (dBP; z ≠ 0 for all; p < 0.05). The reduction in BP was significant regardless of the participant's initial BP level, gender, physical activity level, antihypertensive drug intake, type of BP measurement, time of day in which the BP was measured, type of exercise performed, and exercise training program (p < 0.05 for all). ANOVA tests revealed that BP reductions were greater if participants were males, not receiving antihypertensive medication, physically active, and if the exercise performed was jogging. A significant inverse correlation was found between age and BP ES, body mass index (BMI) and sBP ES, duration of the exercise's session and sBP ES, and between the number of sets performed in the resistance exercise program and sBP ES (p < 0.05). Regardless of the characteristics of the participants and exercise, there was a reduction in BP in the hours following an exercise session. However, the hypotensive effect was greater when the exercise was performed as a preventive strategy in those physically active and without antihypertensive medication.
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Medlow P, McEneny J, Murphy MH, Trinick T, Duly E, Davison GW. Lipoprotein subfraction oxidation in acute exercise and ageing. Free Radic Res 2015; 50:345-53. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1109084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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McClean C, Harris RA, Brown M, Brown JC, Davison GW. Effects of Exercise Intensity on Postexercise Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015:723679. [PMID: 26583061 DOI: 10.1155/2015/723679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To measure endothelial function and oxidative stress immediately, 90 minutes, and three hours after exercise of varying intensities. Methods. Sixteen apparently healthy men completed three exercise bouts of treadmill running for 30 minutes at 55% V˙O2max (mild); 20 minutes at 75% V˙O2max (moderate); or 5 minutes at 100% V˙O2max (maximal) in random order. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed with venous blood samples drawn for measurement of endothelin-1 (ET-1), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), and lipid soluble antioxidants. Results. LOOH increased immediately following moderate exercise (P < 0.05). ET-1 was higher immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise in the mild trial compared to maximal one (P < 0.05). Transient decreases were detected for ΔFMD/ShearAUC from baseline following maximal exercise, but it normalised at 3 hours after exercise (P < 0.05). Shear rate was higher immediately after exercise in the maximal trial compared to mild exercise (P < 0.05). No changes in baseline diameter, peak diameter, absolute change in diameter, or FMD were observed following any of the exercise trials (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Acute exercise at different intensities elicits varied effects on oxidative stress, shear rate, and ET-1 that do not appear to mediate changes in endothelial function measured by FMD.
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Hillman AR, Turner MC, Peart DJ, Bray JW, Taylor L, McNaughton LR, Siegler JC. A Comparison of Hyperhydration Versus Ad Libitum Fluid Intake Strategies on Measures of Oxidative Stress, Thermoregulation, and Performance. Res Sports Med 2013; 21:305-17. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2013.825796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Hillman
- a Department of Health and Physical Education , Marywood University , Scranton , Pennsylvania , USA
- b Department of Sport, Health & Exercise Science , The University of Hull , Hull , United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Turner
- c School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Peart
- b Department of Sport, Health & Exercise Science , The University of Hull , Hull , United Kingdom
| | - James W. Bray
- b Department of Sport, Health & Exercise Science , The University of Hull , Hull , United Kingdom
| | - Lee Taylor
- d Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), The University of Bedfordshire , Bedford , United Kingdom
| | - Lars R. McNaughton
- e Sport and Physical Activity Department , Edge Hill University , Ormskirk , United Kingdom
| | - Jason C. Siegler
- f School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus , Penrith , Australia
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Abstract
Arterial stiffness scores over a 5-h period following a 2-h run were measured in trained males (N = 8, age 39.3 ± 2.3 y) and females (N = 8, 35.8 ± 2.8 y). Subjects reported for two lab sessions (randomized, crossover design) from 7:30 am to 4:15 pm, separated by 1-2 weeks, and either rested or ran for 2 h on a treadmill at 75% VO(2 max) from 9:15 to 11:15 am. Augmentation index standardized to a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx75), and carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), were measured by applanation tonometry. Significant interaction effects were measured for AIx75 (P = 0.039) and PWV (P = 0.020), and compared with the rest condition, female runners experienced decreased AIx75 from 11:45 am to 3:15 pm, and in PWV at 11:45 am and 12:15 pm, in contrast to no change in the male runners. These data support a notable gender difference in arterial stiffness following a 2-h bout of running.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nieman
- Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, USA.
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Noskov SM, Zavodchikov AA, Evgenyeva AV, Lavrukhina AA, Chamorovskyi AN, Prokopenko ON, Poletaeva VS. Physical activity, vasomotor endothelial function, and arterial stiffness. Cardiovasc Ther Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2012-6-29-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study the prevalence of selected parameters of subclinical atherosclerosis and their association with muscle function and muscle volume in patients with different levels of cardiovascular risk (CVR). Material and methods. The study included 20 patients (11 men and 9 women; mean age 54,5±8,5 years) with chronic coronary heart disease (CCHD; mean duration 6,4±2,3 years) in the main group (MG), as well as 20 CCHD-free people in the control group (CG). Arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and calculated carotid-femoral index (CFI). Endothelial function was assessed by endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDVD) in the reactive hyperemia (RH) test. Common carotid artery (CCA) ultrasound was performed in order to assess intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries. All participants underwent veloergometry (VEM); exercise capacity (EC) was measured by calculated metabolic equivalents (MET). Muscle tissue volume was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. The percentage of active muscle mass (%AMM) and fat-free muscle mass (%FFM), out of the total body mass, was calculated. Results. Increased CFI values >12 m/s, as a marker of adverse prognosis, were observed in 20% CCHD patients and in 10% of controls (z=0,17; p=0,87). Vasomotor endothelial dysfunction (EDVD <10%) was registered in 65% and 50%, respectively (z=0,74; p=0,46), while increased IMT values >0,9 mm were observed in 55% and 15%, respectively (z=2,3; p=0,02). Most patients with pathologically increased arterial stiffness and vasomotor endothelial dysfunction had low EC. In CCHD patients with low EC, CFI significantly correlated with %AMM and %FFM (r=-0,32; p<0,05; and r=-0,36; p<0,05, respectively). EDVD significantly correlated with both %AMM and %FFM (r=0,47; p<0,05; and r=0,5; p<0,05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between CFI and EDVD (r=-0,3; p<0,05). In CG participants with low EC, EDVD correlated with %AMM and %FFM (r=0723; p<0,05 and r=0,7; p<0,05, respectively). In both groups, %AMM and %FFM correlated with MET (r=0,49; p<0,05 and r=0,55; p<0,05, respectively; r=0,34; p<0,05 and r=0,31; p<0,05, respectively). Conclusion. EDVD and PWV reflect the lower PA levels and functional disadaptation of CCHD patients, which can result in a faster progression of atherosclerosis.
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Abstract
A high serum uric acid (SUA) level is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the relationship between arterial stiffness and uric acid in healthy subjects with a normal SUA level. We assessed whether a high-normal uric acid level increased arterial stiffness by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) in healthy subjects. Among 779 subjects who visited the health promotion center, 393 men and 234 women with normal SUA levels (male: 3.5-8.0 mg/dl, female: 2.5-5.4 mg/dl) were divided into quartiles: in men, Q1 (n = 90, 3.5-4.3 mg/dl), Q2 (n = 94, 4.4-5.1 mg/dl), Q3 (n = 106, 5.2-5.9 mg/dl) and Q4 (n = 103, 6.0-8.0 mg/dl); in women, Q1 (n = 57, 2.5-3.6 mg/dl), Q2 (n = 49, 3.7-4.1 mg/dl), Q3 (n = 61, 4.2-4.6 mg/dl) and Q4 (n = 67, 4.7-5.4 mg/dl). The mean values of ba-PWV increased gradually by SUA quartile. The men's SUA had an independent, positive association with ba-PWV after correcting for age, glucose, body mass index, blood pressure, resting heart rate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglyceride (R (2) = 0.39, adjusted R (2) = 0.37, p < 0.001). The odds ratios (95% CI) for high ba-PWVs (> 75th percentile, 1473 cm/s) in men were 1.89 (0.69-5.20, Q2), 2.36 (1.10-5.08, Q3), and 2.91 (1.39-6.11, Q4), after adjusting for confounding factors (p < 0.001). In women, SUA showed no independent association with ba-PWV (p = 0.186). After adjusting for confounding factors, the mean ba-PWV values of Q3 (1418 cm/s) and Q4 (1421 cm/s) in men were higher than those of Q1 (1355 cm/s) (p < 0.05). Above the SUA level of 5.2 mg/dl, arterial stiffness was increased in healthy Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fogarty MC, Hughes CM, Burke G, Brown JC, Davison GW. Acute and chronic watercress supplementation attenuates exercise-induced peripheral mononuclear cell DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Br J Nutr 2013; 109:293-301. [PMID: 22475430 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological antioxidant vitamins have previously been investigated for a prophylactic effect against exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, large doses are often required and may lead to a state of pro-oxidation and oxidative damage. Watercress contains an array of nutritional compounds such as β-carotene and α-tocopherol which may increase protection against exercise-induced oxidative stress. The present randomised controlled investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that acute (consumption 2 h before exercise) and chronic (8 weeks consumption) watercress supplementation can attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress. A total of ten apparently healthy male subjects (age 23 (SD 4) years, stature 179 (SD 10) cm and body mass 74 (SD 15) kg) were recruited to complete the 8-week chronic watercress intervention period (and then 8 weeks of control, with no ingestion) of the experiment before crossing over in order to compete the single-dose acute phase (with control, no ingestion). Blood samples were taken at baseline (pre-supplementation), at rest (pre-exercise) and following exercise. Each subject completed an incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion following chronic and acute watercress supplementation or control. The main findings show an exercise-induced increase in DNA damage and lipid peroxidation over both acute and chronic control supplementation phases (P< 0.05 v. supplementation), while acute and chronic watercress attenuated DNA damage and lipid peroxidation and decreased H₂O₂ accumulation following exhaustive exercise (P< 0.05 v. control). A marked increase in the main lipid-soluble antioxidants (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and xanthophyll) was observed following watercress supplementation (P< 0.05 v. control) in both experimental phases. These findings suggest that short- and long-term watercress ingestion has potential antioxidant effects against exercise-induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation.
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