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de Fátima NG, Barriga A, Cáceres JC, Pinto E, Cabrera R. Oxidation of chlortetracycline and its isomers by Botrytis aclada laccase in the absence of mediators: pH dependence and identification of transformation products by LC-MS. Biodegradation 2024; 35:155-171. [PMID: 37428416 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are antibiotics considered emerging pollutants and currently, wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove them efficiently. Laccases are promising enzymes for bioremediation because they can oxidize a wide variety of substrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Botrytis aclada laccase for the oxidation of chlortetracycline and its isomers in the absence of a mediator molecule, at a pH range between 3.0 to 7.0, and to characterize the transformation products by LC-MS. Chlortetracycline and three isomers were detected in both, controls and reaction mixtures at 0 h and in controls after 48 h of incubation but in different proportions depending on pH. An additional isomer was also detected, but only in the presence of BaLac. Based on the transformation products identified in the enzymatic reactions and information from literature, we assembled a network of transformation pathways starting from chlortetracycline and its isomers. The spectrometric analysis of the products indicated the probable occurrence of oxygen insertion, dehydrogenation, demethylation and deamination reactions. Four new products were identified, and we also described a novel transformation product without the chloro group. We observed that increasing pH led to higher diversity of main products. This is the first study using the laccase from fungi Botrytis aclada to oxidate chlortetracycline and its isomers and it can be considered as an ecological alternative to be used in bioremediation processes such as wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Gavilán de Fátima
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Espectrometría de Masas-CEPEDEQ, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Barriga
- Unidad de Espectrometría de Masas-CEPEDEQ, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
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Dréano E, Valentin C, Taillandier JF, Travel A, Soumet C, Bridier A, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Laurentie M, Viel A, Mompelat S. Presence and Depletion of Sulfadiazine, Trimethoprim, and Oxytetracycline into Feathers of Treated Broiler Chickens and Impact on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:16106-16116. [PMID: 36524955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of poultry byproducts, like feathers (processed to feather meal), in animal feed could contribute to the presence of veterinary drugs, including antibiotics. An animal study was carried out to study the fate of sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, and oxytetracycline in feathers, plasma, and droppings of broiler chickens. Cage and floor housing, different from current farm practices, were studied. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A longer presence of antibiotics was observed in feathers compared to plasma, with sulfadiazine being present the most. The internal presence (via blood) and the external presence (via droppings) of antibiotics in/on feathers were shown. Analysis of Escherichia coli populations, from droppings and feathers, highlighted that resistant bacteria could be transferred from droppings to feathers in floor-housed animals. The overall results suggest that feathers are a potential reservoir of antimicrobial residues and could contribute to the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment, animals, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dréano
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
| | - Charlotte Valentin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
| | - Jean-François Taillandier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
| | | | - Christophe Soumet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
| | - Arnaud Bridier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
| | - Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
| | - Michel Laurentie
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
| | - Alexis Viel
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
| | - Sophie Mompelat
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory of Fougères, Javené35133, France
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Zheng ZJ, Cui ZH, Diao QY, Ye XQ, Zhong ZX, Tang T, Wu SB, He HL, Lian XL, Fang LX, Wang XR, Liang LJ, Liu YH, Liao XP, Sun J. MALDI-TOF MS for rapid detection and differentiation between Tet(X)-producers and non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Virulence 2022; 13:77-88. [PMID: 34951562 PMCID: PMC9794003 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2018768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of tetracycline antibiotics has led to the widespread presence of tetracycline-resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria and this poses serious threats to human and animal health. In our previous study, we reported a method for rapid detection of Tet(X)-producers using MALDI-TOF MS. However, there have been multiple machineries involved in tetracycline resistance including efflux pump, and ribosomal protection protein. Our previous demonstrated the limitation in probing the non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant strains. In this regard, we further developed a MALDI-TOF MS method to detect and differentiate Tet(X)-producers and non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant strains. Test strains were incubated with tigecycline and oxytetracycline in separate tubes for 3 h and then analyzed spectral peaks of tigecycline, oxytetracycline, and their metabolite. Strains were distinguished using MS ratio for [metabolite/(metabolite+ tigecycline or oxytetracycline)]. Four control strains and 319 test strains were analyzed and the sensitivity was 98.90% and specificity was 98.34%. This was consistent with the results obtained from LC-MS/MS analysis. Interestingly, we also found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by tetracycline-susceptible strains were able to promote the degradation of oxytetracycline. Overall, the MALDITet(X)-plus test represents a rapid and reliable method to detect Tet(X)-producers, non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant strains, and tetracycline-susceptible strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Zheng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Hua Cui
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Diao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Qing Ye
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xing Zhong
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Bin Wu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ling He
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jie Liang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,CONTACT Jian Sun National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Gajda A, Szymanek-Bany I, Nowacka-Kozak E, Gbylik-Sikorska M. Risk to Public Health Regarding Doxycycline Residues in Chicken Claws. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2495-2500. [PMID: 35179032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Doxycycline residues in claws may pose a potential risk to humans. A study with broiler chickens was performed to find the concentrations of doxycycline in claws after treatment. For the quantification of the antibiotic of interest in claws, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. Doxycycline was detectable at 3043 μg/kg at sub-therapeutic treatment, 223 μg/kg after therapeutic doses, and 14 μg/kg after spray application on the last day of the experiment (day 22). Almost 70 days is required for the concentration of doxycycline to reach zero. The obtained results show that monitoring of doxycycline in claws should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Iwona Szymanek-Bany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Ewelina Nowacka-Kozak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gbylik-Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Hekman P, Schefferlie J, Gehring R. Modelling Shows the Negative Impact of Age Dependent Pharmacokinetics on the Efficacy of Oxytetracycline in Young Steers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:821005. [PMID: 35155653 PMCID: PMC8831370 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.821005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of age dependent pharmacokinetics (PK) on the clinical efficacy of oxytetracycline (OTC) against Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) in beef cattle was studied, using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The model includes a bodyweight dependent renal clearance. To mimic/reproduce the long terminal half-live a bone forming tissue compartment was considered. Data for the development, calibration and validation of the model were obtained from public literature. To integrate the PK with the pharmacodynamics (PD) of OTC, Monte Carlo simulations were performed using this PBPK model to predict time-concentration curves for two commonly used dosing regimens of short-acting and long-acting injectable OTC formulations in virtual populations of 5,000 steer calves of 100 kg and 400 kg. These curves were then used to calculate the value of the PKPD index for OTC, which is the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve for 24 h (AUC24h) over the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the target pathogen (AUC24h/MIC). The MIC values were for Mannheimia haemolytica, the dose-limiting pathogen for BRD. This integration of PBPK and PD for OTC used for the treatment of BRD in calves indicated that the Probability of Target Attainment (PTA) was sufficient for efficacy in calves of 400 kg, but insufficient for calves of 100 kg, when using a long acting dosing regimen of 20 mg/kg BW, twice, with a 48-h interval. The use of a dosing regimen of 10 mg/kg BW/day for 4 days predicted sufficient PTAs in both age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hekman
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Veterinary Medicines Unit, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Johan Schefferlie
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Veterinary Medicines Unit, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Veterinary Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacy, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ronette Gehring
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Pokrant E, Yévenes K, Trincado L, Terraza G, Galarce N, Maddaleno A, Martín BS, Lapierre L, Cornejo J. Evaluation of Antibiotic Dissemination into the Environment and Untreated Animals, by Analysis of Oxytetracycline in Poultry Droppings and Litter. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:853. [PMID: 33802994 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an antibiotic used mainly in feed and drinking water. OTC is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry; making droppings a potential route of dissemination of this antibiotic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissemination of oxytetracycline excreted from treated birds to the environment and other untreated animals (sentinels), through the analysis of their droppings and litter by HPLC-MS/MS following the end of treatment. In treated bird droppings, the average concentration of OTC+4-epi-OTC ranged from 347.63 to 2244.66 µg kg−1. OTC+4-epi-OTC in litter reached concentrations of 22,741.68 µg kg−1. Traces of OTC+4-epi-OTC were detected in the droppings and litter from sentinels. Therefore, OTC+4-epi-OTC can persist in the litter of treated animals at high concentrations and can be transferred to untreated birds that share the same environment. This exposure has the potential to increase the likelihood of selection of resistant bacteria in the environment. Abstract Oxytetracycline (OTC) is widely used in broiler chickens. During and after treatment a fraction of OTC is excreted in its original form and as its epimer, 4-epi-OTC in droppings. To address the transfer of OTC into the environment, we evaluated the dissemination of OTC and 4-epi-OTC from treated birds to the environment and sentinels, through the simultaneous analysis of broiler droppings and litter. Male broiler chickens were bred in controlled conditions. One group was treated by orogastric tube with 80 mg kg−1 of OTC and two groups received no treatment (sentinels). OTC+4-epi-OTC were analyzed and detected by a HPLC-MS/MS post the end of treatment. The highest concentrations of OTC+4-epi-OTC were detected in the droppings of treated birds 14-days following the end of treatment (2244.66 µg kg−1), and one day following the end of treatment in the litter (22,741.68 µg kg−1). Traces of OTC+4-epi-OTC were detected in the sentinels’ droppings and litter (<12.2 µg kg−1). OTC+4-epi-OTC can be transferred from treated birds to the environment and to other untreated birds. The presence and persistence of OTC+4-epi-OTC in litter could contribute to the selection of resistant bacteria in the environment, increasing the potential hazard to public and animal health.
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Hijaz F, Killiny N. Evaluation of Oxytetracycline Metabolites Cross-Reactivity with Oxytetracycline Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E183. [PMID: 32326401 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been successfully used for the control of several plant diseases for many years. Recently, streptomycin and oxytetracycline have been approved for the treatment of Huanglongbing (HLB) in Florida. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most commonly used assay for the detection of these antibiotics because it is quick, simple, and can be used to analyze many samples at the same time. However, ELISA can react with the metabolites of the parent compound and its structurally related compounds. In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity of the oxytetracycline ACCEL ELISA kitTM with three of oxytetracycline metabolites (4-epi-oxytetracycline, α-apo-oxytetracycline, and β-apo-oxytetracycline). The α-apo-oxytetracycline and β-apo-oxytetracycline metabolite did not show any cross-reactivity in the linear range (1.5–50 ng mL−1) of the assay. Whereas 4-epi-oxytetracycline showed high cross-reactivity, and its response was similar to oxytetracycline. Our results indicated that the oxytetracycline ELISA kits estimate the level of oxytetracycline as well as its main metabolite, 4-epi-oxytetracycline.
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Církva A, Málková I, Rejtharová M, Vernerová E, Hera A, Bureš J. Residue study of nitroimidazoles depletion in chicken feathers in comparison with some other selected matrixes. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1206-1217. [PMID: 31192769 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1627000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results from a residue study conducted on a statistically representative number of chicken broilers that were individually orally treated with the selected nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, ornidazole and ipronidazole) in an appropriate amount close to the theoretical therapeutic dose. A mutual persistence comparison of the monitored analytes in feathers, serum, muscle and shanks was performed and attention was also paid to selected metabolites (hydroxymetronidazole and hydroxyipronidazole). An analytical LC/MS/MS method using SupelMIP SPE nitroimidazoles cartridges was developed for the determination of nitroimidazoles residues in poultry feathers, serum, muscle and shanks and the method was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. High concentrations of nitroimidazoles residues in feathers were observed 19 days after the broilers' treatment unlike the muscle and serum samples, where nitroimidazoles depletion was significantly faster (residue concentrations were below detection limits in 5 days in muscle and in 12 days in serum). Shanks (chicken claws) also proved to be a very useful matrix for the detection of nitroimidazoles drugs misuse due to the longer persistence of these drugs residues and their metabolites in this matrix (determinable concentrations were observed 19 days after the broilers' last treatment). Feathers and shanks appear to be suitable matrixes for the screening of various nitroimidazoles in poultry because long-term persistence of residues enables reliable detection of the illegal use of nitroimidazoles compounds in official checks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Církva
- a Department of Medicines, Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Irena Málková
- a Department of Medicines, Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rejtharová
- a Department of Medicines, Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vernerová
- a Department of Medicines, Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alfred Hera
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bureš
- a Department of Medicines, Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
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Yévenes K, Pokrant E, Pérez F, Riquelme R, Avello C, Maddaleno A, San Martín B, Cornejo J. Assessment of Three Antimicrobial Residue Concentrations in Broiler Chicken Droppings as a Potential Risk Factor for Public Health and Environment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 16:E24. [PMID: 30583470 PMCID: PMC6339060 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines, sulfonamides and amphenicols are broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs that are widely used in poultry farming. However, a high proportion of these drugs can be excreted at high concentrations in droppings, even after the end of a therapy course. This work intended to assess and compare concentrations of florfenicol (FF), florfenicol amine (FFa), chlortetracycline (CTC), 4-epi-chlortetracycline (4-epi-CTC), and sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) in broiler chicken droppings. To this end, 70 chickens were housed under controlled environmental conditions, and assigned to experimental groups that were treated with therapeutic doses of either 10% FF, 20% CTC, or 10% SCP. Consequently, we implemented and designed an in-house validation for three analytical methodologies, which allowed us to quantify the concentrations of these three antimicrobial drugs using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our results showed that FF and FFa concentrations were detected in chicken droppings up to day 10 after ceasing treatment, while CTC and 4-epi-CTC were detected up to day 25. As for SCP residues, these were detected up to day 21. Noticeably, CTC showed the longest excretion period, as well as the highest concentrations detected after the end of its administration using therapeutic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Yévenes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile.
| | - Ekaterina Pokrant
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile.
| | - Fernando Pérez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Riquelme
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile.
| | - Constanza Avello
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile.
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile.
| | - Betty San Martín
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile.
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile.
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Chiesa LM, Nobile M, Panseri S, Arioli F. Suitability of feathers as control matrix for antimicrobial treatments detection compared to muscle and liver of broilers. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pokrant E, Riquelme R, Maddaleno A, San Martín B, Cornejo J. Residue Depletion of Florfenicol and Florfenicol Amine in Broiler Chicken Claws and a Comparison of Their Concentrations in Edible Tissues Using LC⁻MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092211. [PMID: 30200340 PMCID: PMC6225377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial residues might persist in products and by-products destined for human or animal consumption. Studies exploring the depletion behavior of florfenicol residues in broiler chicken claws are scarce, even though claws can enter the food chain directly or indirectly. Hence, this study intended to assess the concentrations of florfenicol (FF) and florfenicol amine (FFA)—its active metabolite—in chicken claws from birds that were treated with a therapeutic dose of florfenicol. Furthermore, concentrations of these analytes in this matrix were compared with their concentrations in edible tissues at each sampling point. A group of 70 broiler chickens were raised under controlled conditions and used to assess residue depletion. Sampling points were on days 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 after ceasing treatment, thus extending beyond the withdrawal period established for muscle tissue (30 days). Analytes were extracted using HPLC-grade water and acetone, and dichloromethane was used for the clean-up stage. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy detection (LC–MS/MS) was used to detect and quantify the analytes. The analytical methodology developed in this study was validated in-house and based on the recommendations described in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC from the European Union. Analyte concentrations were calculated by linear regression analysis of calibration curves that were fortified using an internal standard of chloramphenicol-d5 (CAF-d5). The depletion time of FF and FFA was set at 74 days in claws, based on a 95% confidence level and using the limit of detection (LOD) as the cut-off point. Our findings show that FF and FFA can be found in chicken claws at higher concentrations than in muscle and liver samples at each sampling point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pokrant
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Riquelme
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Betty San Martín
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
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Cornejo J, Yevenes K, Avello C, Pokrant E, Maddaleno A, Martin BS, Lapierre L. Determination of Chlortetracycline Residues, Antimicrobial Activity and Presence of Resistance Genes in Droppings of Experimentally Treated Broiler Chickens. Molecules 2018; 23:E1264. [PMID: 29799472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines are important antimicrobial drugs for poultry farming that are actively excreted via feces and urine. Droppings are one of the main components in broiler bedding, which is commonly used as an organic fertilizer. Therefore, bedding becomes an unintended carrier of antimicrobial residues into the environment and may pose a highly significant threat to public health. For this depletion study, 60 broiler chickens were treated with 20% chlortetracycline (CTC) under therapeutic conditions. Concentrations of CTC and 4-epi-CTC were then determined in their droppings. Additionally, this work also aimed to detect the antimicrobial activity of these droppings and the phenotypic susceptibility to tetracycline in E. coli isolates, as well as the presence of tet(A), tet(B), and tet(G) resistance genes. CTC and 4-epi-CTC concentrations that were found ranged from 179.5 to 665.8 µg/kg. Based on these data, the depletion time for chicken droppings was calculated and set at 69 days. All samples presented antimicrobial activity, and a resistance to tetracyclines was found in bacterial strains that were isolated from these samples. Resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) were also found in these samples.
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da Silveira VG, Oliveira MS, de Almeida CAA, Hoff RB, Mallmann CA. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Determination and Depletion Profile of Chlortetracycline, Doxycycline, and Oxytetracycline in Broiler Chicken Muscle After Oral Administration. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018; 11:2181-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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