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Seckinger A, Majocchi S, Moine V, Nouveau L, Ngoc H, Daubeuf B, Ravn U, Pleche N, Calloud S, Broyer L, Cons L, Lesnier A, Chatel L, Papaioannou A, Salgado-Pires S, Krämer S, Gockel I, Lordick F, Masternak K, Poitevin Y, Magistrelli G, Malinge P, Shang L, Kallendrusch S, Strein K, Hose D. Development and characterization of NILK-2301, a novel CEACAM5xCD3 κλ bispecific antibody for immunotherapy of CEACAM5-expressing cancers. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:117. [PMID: 38087365 PMCID: PMC10717981 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell retargeting to eliminate CEACAM5-expressing cancer cells via CEACAM5xCD3 bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) showed limited clinical activity so far, mostly due to insufficient T-cell activation, dose-limiting toxicities, and formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA). METHODS We present here the generation and preclinical development of NILK-2301, a BsAb composed of a common heavy chain and two different light chains, one kappa and one lambda, determining specificity (so-called κλ body format). RESULTS NILK-2301 binds CD3ɛ on T-cells with its lambda light chain arm with an affinity of ≈100 nM, and the CEACAM5 A2 domain on tumor cells by its kappa light chain arm with an affinity of ≈5 nM. FcγR-binding is abrogated by the "LALAPA" mutation (Leu234Ala, Leu235Ala, Pro329Ala). NILK-2301 induced T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine release, and T-cell dependent cellular cytotoxicity of CEACAM5-positive tumor cell lines (5/5 colorectal, 2/2 gastric, 2/2 lung), e.g., SK-CO-1 (Emax = 89%), MKN-45 (Emax = 84%), and H2122 (Emax = 97%), with EC50 ranging from 0.02 to 0.14 nM. NILK-2301 binds neither to CEACAM5-negative or primary colon epithelial cells nor to other CEACAM family members. NILK-2301 alone or in combination with checkpoint inhibition showed activity in organotypic tumor tissue slices and colorectal cancer organoid models. In vivo, NILK-2301 at 10 mg/kg significantly delayed tumor progression in colon- and a pancreatic adenocarcinoma model. Single-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability in cynomolgus monkeys at 0.5 or 10 mg/kg intravenously or 20 mg subcutaneously showed dose-proportional PK, bioavailability ≈100%, and a projected half-life in humans of 13.1 days. NILK-2301 was well-tolerated. Data were confirmed in human FcRn TG32 mice. CONCLUSIONS In summary, NILK-2301 combines promising preclinical activity and safety with lower probability of ADA-generation due to its format compared to other molecules and is scheduled to enter clinical testing at the end of 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Seckinger
- LamKap Bio Alpha AG, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 8808, Pfäffikon, SZ, Switzerland
| | - Sara Majocchi
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Valéry Moine
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Lise Nouveau
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Hoang Ngoc
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Daubeuf
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Ulla Ravn
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Pleche
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Calloud
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Lucile Broyer
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cons
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Adeline Lesnier
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Chatel
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Anne Papaioannou
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Susana Salgado-Pires
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Krämer
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Medicine II, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 22, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Masternak
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Yves Poitevin
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Magistrelli
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Malinge
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Limin Shang
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Chemin du Pré-Fleuri 15, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Kallendrusch
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Research and System Medicine, Health and Medical University Potsdam, Schiffbauergasse 14, 14467, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Klaus Strein
- LamKap Bio Alpha AG, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 8808, Pfäffikon, SZ, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Hose
- LamKap Bio Alpha AG, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 8808, Pfäffikon, SZ, Switzerland.
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Massa C, Seliger B. Combination of multiple omics techniques for a personalized therapy or treatment selection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258013. [PMID: 37828984 PMCID: PMC10565668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients, only a limited number of patients have long-term responses. Moreover, due to differences within cancer patients in the tumor mutational burden, composition of the tumor microenvironment as well as of the peripheral immune system and microbiome, and in the development of immune escape mechanisms, there is no "one fit all" therapy. Thus, the treatment of patients must be personalized based on the specific molecular, immunologic and/or metabolic landscape of their tumor. In order to identify for each patient the best possible therapy, different approaches should be employed and combined. These include (i) the use of predictive biomarkers identified on large cohorts of patients with the same tumor type and (ii) the evaluation of the individual tumor with "omics"-based analyses as well as its ex vivo characterization for susceptibility to different therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Massa
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Li Y, Tian L, Zhao T, Zhang J. A nanotherapeutic system for gastric cancer suppression by synergistic chemotherapy and immunotherapy based on iPSCs and DCs exosomes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:1673-1683. [PMID: 36622422 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic drugs, the indispensable therapy in the treatment of gastric cancer, contain many problems such as high organ toxicity and insufficient therapeutic effect. The development of nanodrug delivery carriers with both tumor targeting function and immune stimulation ability possesses the potential to remedy these practical defects. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a tumor targeting nanosystem that combines chemotherapy with immunotherapy was applied to the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer. The fusion vector of iPSCs and DCs exosomes, which simultaneously possess the ability of tumor targeting and immune factor recruitment, effectively improved the in vivo efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and released the suppressed T lymphocytes under the action of modified PD-1 antibody to dredge the immunotherapy process. In addition, extensive recruitment of immune cells to clean the environment while exposing vast tumor antigens efficiently amplified the anti-tumor immune effect and ensured the good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Nanodrug delivery system DOX@aiPS-DCexo could effectively inhibit the expansion process of gastric cancer MFC through synergistic chemotherapy and immunotherapy and demonstrated the capacity of improving prognosis. Scheme: schematic illustration of the nanostructure DOX@aiPS-DCexo and the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Leilei Tian
- Department of Operating Room, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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Karimov M, Scherer M, Franke H, Ewe A, Aigner A. Analysis of polymeric nanoparticle properties for siRNA/DNA delivery in a tumor xenograft tissue slice air-liquid interface model. Biotechnol J 2022; 18:e2200415. [PMID: 36541426 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical two-dimensional (2D) cell culture as a drug or nanoparticle test system only poorly recapitulates in vivo conditions. Animal studies are costly, ethically controversial, and preclude large-scale testing. METHODS AND RESULTS We established a three-dimensional (3D) tissue slice air-liquid interface (ALI) culture model for nanoparticle testing. We developed an optimized procedure for the reproducible generation of large sets of tissue slices from tumor xenografts that retain their tissue architecture. When used for the analysis of nanoparticles based on chemically modified polyethylenimines (PEIs) to deliver siRNA or DNA, differences in transfection efficacy and cytotoxicity between nanoparticles were observed more clearly than in 2D cell culture. While nanoparticle efficacies between cell culture and the tissue slice model overall correlated, the tissue slice model also identified particularly suitable candidates whose efficacy was underestimated in 2D cell culture and had already been shown in previous in vivo studies. CONCLUSION The ex vivo 3D tissue slice ALI culture model is a powerful system that allows the effective evaluation of biological nanoparticle efficacy and biocompatibility in an intact tissue environment. It is comparably inexpensive, time-saving, and follows the 3R principle, while allowing the identification of critical nanoparticle properties and optimal candidates for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karimov
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marlene Scherer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Franke
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Rodolfo M, Huber V, Cossa M, Gallino G, Leone BE, Vallacchi V, Rivoltini L, Vergani E. 3D tumor explant as a novel platform to investigate therapeutic pathways and predictive biomarkers in cancer patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1068091. [PMID: 36591316 PMCID: PMC9794575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1068091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce durable clinical responses in different human malignancies but the number of responding patients remains globally modest. The limited therapeutic efficacy of ICI depends on multiple factors, among which the immune suppressive features of the tumor microenvironment play a key role. For this reason, experimental models that enable dissection of the immune-hostile tumor milieu components are required to unravel how to overcome resistance and obtain full-fledged anti-tumor immunity. Recent evidence supports the usefulness of 3D ex vivo systems in retaining features of tumor microenvironment to elucidate molecular and immunologic mechanisms of response and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. In this perspective article we discuss the recent advances in patient-derived 3D tumor models and their potential in support of treatment decision making in clinical setting. We will also share our experience with dynamic bioreactor tumor explant culture of samples from melanoma and sarcoma patients as a reliable and promising platform to unravel immune responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rodolfo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Translational Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Monica Rodolfo,
| | - Veronica Huber
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Translational Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Cossa
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfrancesco Gallino
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagio E. Leone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Viviana Vallacchi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Translational Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Translational Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vergani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Translational Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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6
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Liu P, Chen J, Zhao L, Hollebecque A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. PD-1 blockade synergizes with oxaliplatin-based, but not cisplatin-based, chemotherapy of gastric cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2093518. [PMID: 35769948 PMCID: PMC9235886 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2093518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical experimentation revealed that established cancers treated with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer oxaliplatin are sensitized to immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1. In contrast, no such sensitizing effect is observed when cisplatin, a non-immunogenic cell death inducer is used. Two randomized phase III clinical trials targeting unresectable gastric and gastro-esophageal junction carcinomas apparently validate this observation. Thus, oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (together with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin) favorably interacted with nivolumab, yielding improved outcome. In contrast, the outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (together with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil) failed to be improved by concomitant treatment with pembrolizumab. These clinical findings underscore the importance of choosing appropriate ICD-inducing cytotoxicants for the development of chemoimmunotherapeutic regimens. Unfortunately, the FDA and EMA have approved PD-1 blockade in combination with “platinum-based chemotherapy” without specifying the precise nature of the platinum-containing drug. This is a non sequitur. Based on the available clinical data, such approvals should be restricted to the use of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138 and CNRS SNC 5096, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138 and CNRS SNC 5096, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138 and CNRS SNC 5096, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138 and CNRS SNC 5096, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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7
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Körfer J, Lordick F, Hacker UT. Molecular Targets for Gastric Cancer Treatment and Future Perspectives from a Clinical and Translational Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5216. [PMID: 34680363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Systemic treatment comprising chemotherapy and targeted therapy is the standard of care in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer. Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinomas by the TCGA Consortium and ACRG has resulted in the definition of distinct molecular subtypes. These efforts have in parallel built a basis for the development of novel molecularly stratified treatment approaches. Based on this molecular characterization, an increasing number of specific genomic alterations can potentially serve as treatment targets. Consequently, the development of promising compounds is ongoing. In this review, key molecular alterations in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers will be addressed. Finally, the current status of the translation of targeted therapy towards clinical applications will be reviewed.
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8
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Junk D, Krämer S, Broschewitz J, Laura H, Massa C, Moulla Y, Hoang NA, Monecke A, Eichfeld U, Bechmann I, Lordick F, Seliger B, Kallendrusch S. Human tissue cultures of lung cancer predict patient susceptibility to immune-checkpoint inhibition. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:264. [PMID: 34564709 PMCID: PMC8464600 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite novel immunotherapies being approved and established for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ex vivo models predicting individual patients' responses to immunotherapies are missing. Especially immune modulating therapies with moderate response rates urge for biomarkers and/or assays to determine individual prediction of treatment response and investigate resistance mechanisms. Here, we describe a standardized ex vivo tissue culture model to investigate individual tumor responses. NSCLC tissue cultures preserve morphological characteristics of the baseline tumor specimen for up to 12 days ex vivo and also maintain T-cell function for up to 10 days ex vivo. A semi-automated analysis of proliferating and apoptotic tumor cells was used to evaluate tissue responses to the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab (n = 12), from which two cases could be successfully correlated to the clinical outcome. T-cell responses upon nivolumab treatment were investigated by flow cytometry and multispectral imaging. Alterations in the frequency of the Treg population and reorganization of tumor tissues could be correlated to nivolumab responsiveness ex vivo. Thus, our findings not only demonstrate the functionality of T cells in NSCLC slice cultures up to 10 days ex vivo, but also suggests this model for stratifying patients for treatment selection and to investigate in depth the tumor-associated T-cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Junk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krämer
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Broschewitz
- Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Brandenburg, Gehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Hennig Laura
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Yousef Moulla
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ngoc Anh Hoang
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Monecke
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Eichfeld
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Sonja Kallendrusch
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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