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Lee S, Oh JJ, Park SH, Ro D, Jeong YJ, Kim SY. Challenges in capacity building of national immunization programs and emergency or pandemic vaccination responses in the Global Health Security Agenda member countries. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024; 15:182-185. [PMID: 38621767 PMCID: PMC11082445 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sookhyun Lee
- Asian Institute of Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- GNPSP (Global Network for Peace and Sustainable Progress), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ju Oh
- Asian Institute of Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Asian Institute of Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Ro
- Asian Institute of Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Jeong
- GNPSP (Global Network for Peace and Sustainable Progress), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yoon Kim
- Asian Institute of Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Randell M, Sheel M, Dynes M, Li M, Danchin M, Oktarinda, Sukesmi F, Saraswati LD, Tinessia A, Jenkins K, Dewi LA, Saman S, Yosephine P, Leask J, Wahyono TYM. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregiver beliefs and experiences of routine childhood immunisation in Indonesia. Vaccine 2024; 42:812-818. [PMID: 38220491 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to significant health services declines in South-East Asia including Indonesia, which experienced a decline in routine immunisation of children. This study investigated the influence of the pandemic on the beliefs and experiences of caregivers of children related to routine immunisation. This study involved a cross-sectional survey among 1399 caregivers of children aged 0-24 months in Central Java and West Nusa Tenggara provinces from March-April 2022. Data on beliefs and experiences of childhood immunizations were captured using core items from the WHO/UNICEF Behavioural and Social Drivers of Immunization (BeSD) survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with uptake of routine immunisations. While nearly all caregivers (95.7%) reported wanting their child to receive all recommended routine immunisations, only 40.3% of children aged 2-24 months were up-to-date with all vaccines for age. Factors associated with up-to-date included higher parental education (aOR: 1.76, 95% CI 1.02-3.05), higher household income (aOR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18), and caregivers who found it moderately or very easy to get immunisations (aOR: 2.26/2.22, 95% CI 1.06-4.83/1.06-4.69). Recovery efforts should prioritise responding to the factors associated with immunisation status (e.g., perceived ease of access) and on families experiencing disadvantage (e.g., caregivers with lower education and household income) to ensure protections against future outbreaks that are responsive to the context-specific needs and priorities of districts and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Randell
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meru Sheel
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Dynes
- UNICEF East Asia & Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mu Li
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margie Danchin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oktarinda
- Universitas Indonesia, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Fitriyani Sukesmi
- Universitas Indonesia, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Lintang Dian Saraswati
- Universitas Diponegoro, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Adeline Tinessia
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kylie Jenkins
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lulu Ariyantheny Dewi
- Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health, Directorate of Immunization, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Prima Yosephine
- Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health, Directorate of Immunization, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julie Leask
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono
- Universitas Indonesia, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Depok, Indonesia
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Nguyen KH, Coy KC, Black CL, Scanlon P, Singleton JA. Comparison of adult hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines and vaccines in general in the USA. Vaccine 2024; 42:645-652. [PMID: 38143200 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults who are hesitant toward routinely recommended vaccines for adults may also be hesitant toward COVID-19 vaccines. However, the distribution and differences in hesitancy between routinely recommended vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines, and the association of hesitancy regarding routinely recommended vaccines and hesitancy with COVID-19 vaccination status and intent, is unknown. METHODS Using the Research and Development Survey (RANDS) during COVID-19, Round 3, a probability-sampled, nationally representative, web and phone survey fielded from May 17 - June 30, 2021 (n = 5,434), we examined the distribution and difference in prevalence of hesitancy towards COVID-19 and vaccines in general, beliefs associated with vaccine hesitancy, and factors impacting plans to be vaccinated against COVID-19. RESULTS Reported hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines (42.2%) was 6-percentage points higher than hesitancy towards vaccines in general (35.7%). Populations who were most hesitant toward COVID-19 vaccines were younger adults, non-Hispanic Black adults, adults with lower education or income, and adults who were associated with a religion. Beliefs in the social benefit and the importance of vaccination, and the belief that COVID-19 vaccines lower risk for infection, were strongly associated with COVID-19 vaccination and intent to be vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine hesitancy for both COVID-19 vaccines and vaccines in general is common. Health providers and public health officials should utilize strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, including providing strong clear recommendations for needed vaccines, addressing safety and effectiveness concerns, and utilizing trusted messengers such as religious and community leaders to improve vaccine confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Nguyen
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelsey C Coy
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Leidos Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carla L Black
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Scanlon
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - James A Singleton
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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CONTARINO FABIO, DI PIETRO ERMINIO, RANDAZZO CONCETTA, BELLA FRANCESCA, CONTRINO MARIALIA. Effectiveness of a vaccine recovery plan after the COVID-19 pandemic in the Siracusa Local Health Authority, Italy. Results of one year follow-up. J Prev Med Hyg 2023; 64:E289-E297. [PMID: 38125998 PMCID: PMC10730062 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted on the immunization services around the world, threatening the gains made in the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Methods A vaccination recovery plan of missed vaccinations has been put in place in the LHA of Siracusa after the pandemic. We compared 2021 and 2020 vaccination coverage by age group and vaccine type after one year of follow-up of the recovery plan. The Chi-square test was executed on proportions for the years 2021 vs 2020. Results were considered statistically significant at a two-tailed p-value ≤ 0.05. Results 36-month coverage rates were 92.5% for polio and 93.7% for measles-containing-vaccine, representing -0.3% and -1.8% decreases, respectively, as compared to 2020. By 8 years of age (booster doses), immunisation coverage was 80.7% for polio and 80.1% for measles, representing a -5.7% and -3.7%, respectively, compared to 2020. 36-month coverage was 56.6% for Men B (-5.0% as compared to 2020), 73.2% for Men ACW135Y/C (+1.1% as compared to 2020) and 86.9% for PNC vaccine (-1.7%, as compared to 2020). Regarding HPV vaccination, in 2021, vaccine coverage was 44.2% (-4.4% compared to 2020). Compared to the previous report, the VC difference among the cohorts narrowed for all almost vaccinations, except for the anti-men B and the anti-HPV vaccination, for which we recorded an increase in VC difference, and for men ACW135Y/C, for which a significant increase has been recorded. Conclusions Despite the efforts to organize and realize an extensive and well-designed vaccination recovery, our data show that even after the 1-year follow-up, globally deficits in coverage for these routine vaccinations persist, although there has been a substantial and significant recovery of missed vaccinations, especially among younger children and for primary cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- FABIO CONTARINO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - ERMINIO DI PIETRO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - CONCETTA RANDAZZO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - FRANCESCA BELLA
- Siracusa Cancer Registry, Provincial Health Authority of
Siracusa, Italy
| | - MARIA LIA CONTRINO
- Head of Department of Public Health,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
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Budhia DM, Jaiswal A, Prasad R, Yelne S, Wanjari MB. From Polio to COVID-19: Examining the Impact of Pandemics on Childhood Vaccination Programs. Cureus 2023; 15:e39460. [PMID: 37362480 PMCID: PMC10290216 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to examine the impact of pandemics on childhood vaccination programs, specifically looking at the examples of polio and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The article provides a comprehensive overview of the history of polio vaccination programs, including the challenges of eradicating the disease and the barriers to vaccine uptake. The article also looks at the global efforts to eradicate polio, such as the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, and the progress made in reducing the number of polio cases worldwide. The article reviews the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood vaccination programs and how the pandemic has disrupted routine vaccination services. Lockdowns and travel restrictions have contributed to this, which has reduced access to medical facilities and vaccine uptake. The article also explores how the prioritization of COVID-19 vaccines has led to a diversion of resources away from routine childhood immunization programs. The article highlights the need to address these challenges to prevent a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Furthermore, the article discusses the lessons learned from these pandemics, such as the importance of global collaboration, vaccine equity, addressing vaccine hesitancy, pandemic preparedness, and embracing technology. The article emphasizes the need to prioritize vaccine equity and ensure that vulnerable populations have access to vaccines. Additionally, the article stresses the importance of addressing vaccine hesitancy and providing effective communication and education about vaccines. The article also advocates for pandemic preparedness, emphasizing the need to invest in research and development of vaccines for emerging infectious diseases. Finally, the article suggests embracing technology as a means to improve vaccine accessibility and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyansh M Budhia
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arpita Jaiswal
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Medicine and Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Seema Yelne
- Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur B Wanjari
- Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Stefanizzi P, Provenzano S, Santangelo OE, Dallagiacoma G, Gianfredi V. Past and Future Influenza Vaccine Uptake Motivation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis among Italian Health Sciences Students. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040717. [PMID: 37112629 PMCID: PMC10143571 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its effectiveness in the prevention of seasonal flu, influenza vaccination uptake remains low, even among healthcare workers (HCWs), despite their occupational risk. The aim of this study was to explore the association between main reasons for accepting or refusing influenza vaccination and the decision to receive the vaccination during both previous and following year among health sciences students. A multi-center, cross-sectional study was performed using a validated online questionnaire. Data were analyzed by performing univariable and multivariable logistic analysis. Data from over 3000 participants showed that avoiding the spread of infection to family members and the general population (aOR: 43.55), as well as to patients (aOR: 16.56) were the main reasons associated with the highest probability of taking the influenza vaccination the following year. On the contrary, not considering influenza as a severe disease was the reason associated with the lowest probability for past (aOR: 0.17) and future vaccination (aOR: 0.01). Therefore, the importance of vaccination to protect others should always be the core of vaccination campaigns for health sciences students, together with tools to increase their awareness of the severity of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Omar Enzo Santangelo
- Regional Health Care and Social Agency of Lodi, ASST Lodi, Piazza Ospitale 10, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulia Dallagiacoma
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Yuan S, Li T, Chu C, Wang X, Liu L. Treatment cost assessment for COVID-19 inpatients in Shenzhen, China 2020-2021: facts and suggestions. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1066694. [PMID: 37213645 PMCID: PMC10192705 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1066694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge regarding the treatment cost of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the real world is vital for disease burden forecasts and health resources planning. However, it is greatly hindered by obtaining reliable cost data from actual patients. To address this knowledge gap, this study aims to estimate the treatment cost and specific cost components for COVID-19 inpatients in Shenzhen city, China in 2020-2021. Methods It is a 2 years' cross-sectional study. The de-identified discharge claims were collected from the hospital information system (HIS) of COVID-19 designated hospital in Shenzhen, China. One thousand three hundred ninety-eight inpatients with a discharge diagnosis for COVID-19 from January 10, 2020 (the first COVID-19 case admitted in the hospital in Shenzhen) to December 31, 2021. A comparison was made of treatment cost and cost components of COVID-19 inpatients among seven COVID-19 clinical classifications (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, critical, convalescent and re-positive cases) and three admission stages (divided by the implementation of different treatment guidelines). The multi-variable linear regression models were used to conduct the analysis. Results The treatment cost for included COVID-19 inpatients was USD 3,328.8. The number of convalescent cases accounted for the largest proportion of all COVID-19 inpatients (42.7%). The severe and critical cases incurred more than 40% of treatment cost on western medicine, while the other five COVID-19 clinical classifications spent the largest proportion (32%-51%) on lab testing. Compared with asymptomatic cases, significant increases of treatment cost were observed in mild cases (by 30.0%), moderate cases (by 49.2%), severe cases (by 228.7%) and critical cases (by 680.7%), while reductions were shown in re-positive cases (by 43.1%) and convalescent cases (by 38.6%). The decreasing trend of treatment cost was observed during the latter two stages by 7.6 and 17.9%, respectively. Conclusions Our findings identified the difference of inpatient treatment cost across seven COVID-19 clinical classifications and the changes at three admission stages. It is highly suggestive to inform the financial burden experienced by the health insurance fund and the Government, to emphasize the rational use of lab tests and western medicine in the COVID-19 treatment guideline, and to design suitable treatment and control policy for convalescent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yuan
- Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowan Wang
| | - Lei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Lei Liu
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Saulnier DD, Duchenko A, Ottilie-Kovelman S, Tediosi F, Blanchet K. Re-evaluating Our Knowledge of Health System Resilience During COVID-19: Lessons From the First Two Years of the Pandemic. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 12:6659. [PMID: 37579465 PMCID: PMC10125099 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health challenges like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are becoming increasingly complex, transnational, and unpredictable. Studying health system responses to the COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to enhance our understanding of health system resilience and establish a clearer link between theoretical concepts and practical ideas on how to build resilience. METHODS This narrative literature review aims to address four questions using a health system resilience framework: (i) What do we understand about the dimensions of resilience? (ii) What aspects of the resilience dimensions remain uncertain? (iii) What aspects of the resilience dimensions are missing from the COVID-19 discussions? and (iv) What has COVID-19 taught us about resilience that is missing from the framework? A scientific literature database search was conducted in December 2020 and in April 2022 to identify publications that discussed health system resilience in relation to COVID-19, excluding articles on psychological and other types of resilience. A total of 63 publications were included. RESULTS There is good understanding around information sharing, flexibility and good leadership, learning, maintaining essential services, and the need for legitimate, interdependent systems. Decision-making, localized trust, influences on interdependence, and transformation remain uncertain. Vertical interdependence, monitoring risks beyond the health system, and consequences of changes on the system were not discussed. Teamwork, actor legitimacy, values, inclusivity, trans-sectoral resilience, and the role of the private sector are identified as lessons from COVID-19 that should be further explored for health system resilience. CONCLUSION Knowledge of health system resilience has continued to cohere following the pandemic. The eventual consequences of system changes and the resilience of subsystems are underexplored. Through governance, the concept of health system resilience can be linked to wider issues raised by the pandemic, like inclusivity. Our findings show the utility of resilience theory for strengthening health systems for crises and the benefit of continuing to refine existing resilience theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dell D. Saulnier
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Duchenko
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabrizio Tediosi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Blanchet
- Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Binns C, Yun Low W. Three Years of COVID-19 and the APJPH. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:749-751. [PMID: 36398870 PMCID: PMC9679202 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221132915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Binns
- School of Population Health, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia,Colin Binns, School of Population Health,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845,
Australia.
| | - Wah Yun Low
- Faculty of Medicine, University of
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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