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Wang H, Huang G. Extraction, purification, structural modification, activities and application of polysaccharides from different parts of mulberry. Food Funct 2024; 15:3939-3958. [PMID: 38536669 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05747j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The mulberry plant is a member of the Moraceae family and belongs to the Morus genus. Its entire body is a treasure, with mulberries, mulberry leaves, and mulberry branches all suitable for medicinal use. The main active ingredient in mulberries is mulberry polysaccharide. Studies have shown that polysaccharides from different parts of mulberry exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and blood pressure-lowering properties. There are more studies on the biological activities, extraction methods, and structural characterization of polysaccharides from different parts of mulberry. However, the structural characterization of mulberry polysaccharides is mostly confined to the types and proportions of monosaccharides and the molecular weights of polysaccharides, and there are fewer systematic studies on polysaccharides from different parts of mulberry. In order to better understand the bioactive structure of mulberry polysaccharides, this article discusses the recent research progress in the extraction, separation, purification, bioactivity, structural modification, and application of polysaccharides from different parts of mulberry (mulberry leaves, mulberry fruits, and mulberry branches). It also delves into the pharmacological mechanisms of action of mulberry polysaccharides to provide a theoretical basis for further research on mulberry polysaccharides with a view to their deeper application in the fields of feed and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Lin R, Xie S, Xu F, Chen Z, Liu J, Liu X. Improvement of rat hepatocellular carcinoma model induced by diethylnitrosamine. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102261. [PMID: 37951061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a new diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model with short induction time, high incidence, and survival rate. METHODS 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the model A (MA) group, the model B (MB) group, and the model C (MC) group. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% saline for 6 weeks. The MA group was injected with the DEN solution at 30 mg/kg three times a week for 6 weeks. The MB group was injected with the DEN solution at 30 mg/kg three times a week for 6 weeks, and discontinued the induction for 2 weeks. The MC group was injected with the DEN solution at 30 mg/kg three times a week for 8 weeks. The levels of albumin (ALB), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were assayed. Meanwhile, the pathological conditions, apoptosis of hepatocytes, expression of NF-κBp65, and the reactive oxygen species level were detected. RESULTS All rats in the control group and the MA group survived, and none of the rats occurred HCC. HCC occurred in rats of the MB group and the MC group. The serum ALB level in the MB group was higher than that in the MC group. The serum ALT and AST levels and the number of proliferating and apoptotic hepatocyte cells in the MB group were lower than those in the MC group. The expression of ROS- and NF-κBp6- positive cells in the MA group, MB group, and MC group were significantly higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION This study developed a new DEN-induced rat HCC model with short induction time, high incidence, and survival rate. NF-κB pathway may be one of the main pathways involved in the development of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhui Lin
- Hepatobiliary, pancreatic and splenic surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Sitian Xie
- Burn and plastic surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fengjie Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zeming Chen
- Hepatobiliary, pancreatic and splenic surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jianrui Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xingmu Liu
- Hepatobiliary, pancreatic and splenic surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Saeed RA, Maqsood M, Saeed RA, Muzammil HS, Khan MI, Asghar L, Nisa SU, Rabail R, Aadil RM. Plant-based foods and hepatocellular carcinoma: A review on mechanistic understanding. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11750-11783. [PMID: 35796706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of etiology, hepatocarcinogenesis is frequently preceded by a distinctive sequence of chronic necroinflammation, compensatory hepatic regeneration, development of hepatic fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. The liver being central immunomodulators, closely maintains immunotolerance. Any dysregulation in this management of immunotolerance is a hallmark of chronic hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Apart from other malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for 90% of liver cancers. Several emerging evidences have recognized diet as lifestyle associated risk factor in HCC development. However, natural compounds have the potential to fight hepatoma aggressiveness via inhibition of cellular proliferation and modulation of oncogenic pathways. This review aimed to identify the several plant-based foods for their protective role in HCC prevention by understating the molecular mechanisms involved in inhibition of progression and proliferation of cancer. Information from relevant publications in which several plant-based foods demonstrated protective potential against HCC has been integrated as well as evaluated. For data integration, Science direct, Google scholar, and Scopus websites were used. Nutrition-based approaches in the deterrence of several cancers offer a substantial benefit to currently used medical therapies and should be implemented more often as an adjunct to first-line medical therapy. Furthermore, the inclusion of these plant-based foods (vegetables, fruits, herbs, and spices) may improve general health and decline cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raakia Anam Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Maqsood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raafia Anam Saeed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Shehzad Muzammil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Asghar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Un Nisa
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Roshina Rabail
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Saeed RA, Khan MI, Butt MS, Faisal MN. Phytochemical screening of Prunus avium for its antioxidative and anti-mutagenic potential against DMBA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1132356. [PMID: 37266135 PMCID: PMC10231329 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1132356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scope Prunus avium fruit is the richer source of phenolics known to exert anticancer and anti-invasive activities. The study aimed at elucidating antiproliferative and chemo-preventive potential of sweet cherries (P. avium) against the in vivo hepatocarcinoma model. Methods and results The quantification of ultrasound-assisted extract (UAE) of P. avium depicted anthocyanins, ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, syringic acid and p- and m-coumaric acids as major phytochemicals. The hepatocarcinoma (HCC) was induced in rats through intraperitoneal administration of DMBA (20 mg/kg B.W) once a week for the period of eight weeks. The intragastric administration of P. avium UAE, as cotreatment (500 mg/Kg B.W) to treatment group, significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated the raised serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as total oxidative stress (TOS) and enhanced total antioxidant capacity TAOC in contrast to diseased rats. Moreover, microscopic examination of hepatic tissues confirmed the pleomorphism, nests of neoplastic hepatocytes and necrosis in HCC-bearing rats as compared to extract-fed rats, where these necrotic changes were suppressed. Besides, qRT-PCR analysis of hepatic tissues demonstrated the higher mRNA expression of CHEK1, CHEK2 and P21/CDKN1α genes, while downexpression of ATM gene in extract fed rats, further denoting the anti-mutagenic potential. Conclusion Consequently, the polyphenol-rich sweet cherries UAE exhibited antiproliferative and chemo-preventive potential by reducing tumor biomarkers, serum transaminases and oxidative stress, as well as enhancing antioxidant status. It further upregulated the downstream targets of ATM signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raakia Anam Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Tu H, Wang W, Feng Y, Zhang L, Zhou H, Cheng C, Ji L, Cai Q, Feng Y. β-Patchoulene represses hypoxia-induced proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of liver cancer cells. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11907-11922. [PMID: 35546067 PMCID: PMC9275994 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2065945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor originating from liver epithelial cells with a high clinical mortality rate. β-Patchoulene (β-PAE) is a compound extracted from patchouli, which has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This research aims to probe the impacts of β-PAE on hypoxia-induced HCC cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Firstly, hypoxic injury models were constructed in HCC Huh-7 and MHCC97 cells, and the hypoxic injury cell models were then treated with different concentrations of β-PAE. The cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were checked by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry and terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of Survivin protein, EMT markers and the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway was gauged by Western blot (WB) or cellular immunofluorescence or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The in-vivo experiment was conducted to confirm the anti-tumor role of β-PAE. As a result, β-PAE abated hypoxia-induced HCC cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT and facilitated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo dose-dependently. Further mechanism studies displayed that β-PAE inactivated the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway, and HIF-1α activation significantly reversed the β-PAE-mediated tumor inhibition. β-PAE repressed the proliferation and EMT of hypoxia-induced HCC cells by choking the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway, suggesting that β-PAE was a potential drug for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Linfei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Huadong Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Caitao Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Qinghe Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
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Xin G, Yang J, Li R, Gao Q, Li R, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang J. Dietary supplementation of hemp oil in teddy dogs: Effect on apparent nutrient digestibility, blood biochemistry and metabolomics. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6173-6187. [PMID: 35200081 PMCID: PMC8974180 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2043018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study aimed to evaluate the influence of distinct concentration of dietary supplements hemp oil on apparent nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical parameters and metabolomics of teddy dogs. A total of 25 healthy teddy dogs were selected and divided into five treatments according to diet supplements hemp oil at a rate of 0% (A), 0.5% (B), 1% (C), 2% (D), and 4% (E). Appropriate added hemp oil improved apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fat (86.32–88.08%, 86.87–88.87% and 96.76–97.43%). The hemp oil significantly increased blood biochemical of utilization related total protein, albumin and globulin (61.33–69.54, 35.08–40.38 and 26.53–31.63 g/L), immunity capacity related immunoglobulin E and γ-interferon (203–347kU/L and 23.04–25.78ng/L), energy-related thyroxine and triiodothyronine (27.11–36.75 and 0.94–1.67 nmol/L). In addition, hemp oil improved superoxide dismutation (26.47–33.02 U/ml) and reduced malondialdehyde (5.30–3.28 nmol/ml). The differential metabolites mainly included nucleotides and metabolites of oxidized lipids, bile and other fatty acids, coenzymes and vitamins. The main metabolic pathways included purine and arachidonic acid metabolism, bile and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, cell oxidative phosphorylation and rheumatoid arthritis. Overall, appropriate dietary supplements hemp oil positively to nutrient digestibility and blood metabolism, immunity and antioxidant capacity, 1% to 2% hemp oil supplements was recommended for teddy dog diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Xin
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China.,Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China.,Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
| | - Ruiguo Li
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China.,Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
| | - Qiaoxian Gao
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China.,Ningxia Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
| | - Ronglin Li
- Petpal Pet Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Petpal Pet Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ningxia Hiby Analysis & Testing Institute, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
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