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Bahlool AZ, Cavanagh B, Sullivan AO, MacLoughlin R, Keane J, Sullivan MPO, Cryan SA. Microfluidics produced ATRA-loaded PLGA NPs reduced tuberculosis burden in alveolar epithelial cells and enabled high delivered dose under simulated human breathing pattern in 3D printed head models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106734. [PMID: 38417586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is second only to COVID-19 as the top infectious disease killer worldwide. Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) may arise because of poor patient adherence to medications due to lengthy treatment duration and side effects. Delivering novel host directed therapies (HDT), like all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) may help to improve drug regimens and reduce the incidence of MDR-TB. Local delivery of ATRA to the site of infection leads to higher bioavailability and reduced systemic side effects. ATRA is poorly soluble in water and has a short half-life in plasma. Therefore, it requires a formulation step before it can be administered in vivo. ATRA loaded PLGA nanoparticles suitable for nebulization were manufactured and optimized using a scalable nanomanufacturing microfluidics (MF) mixing approach (MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs). MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs demonstrated a dose dependent inhibition of Mtb growth in TB-infected A549 alveolar epithelial cell model while preserving cell viability. The MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs were nebulized with the Aerogen Solo vibrating mesh nebulizer, with aerosol droplet size characterized using laser diffraction and the estimated delivered dose was determined. The volume median diameter (VMD) of the MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs was 3.00 ± 0.18 μm. The inhaled dose delivered in adult and paediatric 3D printed head models under a simulated normal adult and paediatric breathing pattern was found to be 47.05 ± 3 % and 20.15 ± 3.46 % respectively. These aerosol characteristics of MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs supports its suitability for delivery to the lungs via inhalation. The data generated on the efficacy of an inhalable, scalable and regulatory friendly ATRA-PLGA NPs formulation provides a foundation on which further pre-clinical testing can be built. Overall, the results of this project are promising for future research into ATRA loaded NPs formulations as inhaled host directed therapies for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Z Bahlool
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew O' Sullivan
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd, Galway Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd, Galway Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mary P O' Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland; SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUIG & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
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Neary MT, Mulder LM, Kowalski PS, MacLoughlin R, Crean AM, Ryan KB. Nebulised delivery of RNA formulations to the lungs: From aerosol to cytosol. J Control Release 2024; 366:812-833. [PMID: 38101753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade RNA-based therapies such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) have emerged as new and ground-breaking therapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of many conditions from viral infection to cancer. Most clinically approved RNA therapies are parenterally administered which impacts patient compliance and adds to healthcare costs. Pulmonary administration via inhalation is a non-invasive means to deliver RNA and offers an attractive alternative to injection. Nebulisation is a particularly appealing method due to the capacity to deliver large RNA doses during tidal breathing. In this review, we discuss the unique physiological barriers presented by the lung to efficient nebulised RNA delivery and approaches adopted to circumvent this problem. Additionally, the different types of nebulisers are evaluated from the perspective of their suitability for RNA delivery. Furthermore, we discuss recent preclinical studies involving nebulisation of RNA and analysis in in vitro and in vivo settings. Several studies have also demonstrated the importance of an effective delivery vector in RNA nebulisation therefore we assess the variety of lipid, polymeric and hybrid-based delivery systems utilised to date. We also consider the outlook for nebulised RNA medicinal products and the hurdles which must be overcome for successful clinical translation. In summary, nebulised RNA delivery has demonstrated promising potential for the treatment of several lung-related conditions such as asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, to which the mode of delivery is of crucial importance for clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Neary
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Piotr S Kowalski
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Abina M Crean
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Reilly L, Mac Giolla Eain M, Murphy S, O’Sullivan A, Joyce M, MacLoughlin R. An in vitro study of the effects of respiratory circuit setup and parameters on aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1307301. [PMID: 38327274 PMCID: PMC10847248 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1307301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aerosol therapy is often prescribed concurrently during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). This study determines the effects of nebuliser position, circuit humidification source, and most importantly, lung health on the delivery of aerosol in simulated adult and paediatric IMV patients. Furthermore, the influence of closed suction catheters on aerosol delivery is also addressed. Methods A vibrating mesh nebuliser was used to deliver Albuterol to simulated adult and paediatric IMV patients with differing states of lung health. Four different nebuliser positions and two types of humidification were analysed. Closed suction catheter mounts, a mainstay in IMV therapy, were incorporated into the circuits. The mean ± SD dose of aerosol (%) was assayed from a filter at the distal end of the endotracheal tube. Results Nebuliser placement and circuit humidification source had no effect on the delivered dose (%) in adults, yet both significantly did in the simulated paediatric patients. The use of closed suction catheter mounts significantly reduced the delivered dose (%) in adults but not in paediatric patients. A simulated healthy lung state generated the largest delivered dose (%), irrespective of nebuliser position in the adult. However, different lung health and nebuliser positions yielded higher delivered doses (%) in paediatrics. Conclusion Lung health and respiratory circuit composition significantly affect aerosol delivery in both adult and paediatric IMV patients. Nebuliser placement and respiratory circuit humidification source do not affect the delivered dose in adult but do in paediatric IMV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Reilly
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marc Mac Giolla Eain
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sarah Murphy
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew O’Sullivan
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Joyce
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinty College, Dublin, Ireland
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McNee A, Vanover D, Rijal P, Paudyal B, Lean FZX, MacLoughlin R, Núñez A, Townsend A, Santangelo PJ, Tchilian E. A direct contact pig influenza challenge model for assessing protective efficacy of monoclonal antibodies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229051. [PMID: 37965320 PMCID: PMC10641767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be used to complement immunization for the therapy of influenza virus infection. We have established the pig, a natural large animal host for influenza A, with many physiological, immunological, and anatomical similarities to humans, as an appropriate model for testing mAbs. We have evaluated the protective efficacy of the strongly neutralizing human anti-hemagglutinin mAb, 2-12C in the pig influenza model. Intravenous administration of recombinant 2-12C reduced virus load and lung pathology, however, it did not prevent virus nasal shedding and, consequently, transmission. This may be because the pigs were directly infected intranasally with a high dose of the H1N1pdm09 virus. To address this, we developed a contact challenge model in which the animals were given 2-12C and one day later co-housed with donor pigs previously infected intra-nasally with H1N1pdm09. 2-12C pre-treatment completely prevented infection. We also administered a lower dose of 2-12C by aerosol to the respiratory tract, but this did not prevent shedding in the direct challenge model, although it abolished lung infection. We propose that the direct contact challenge model of pig influenza may be useful for evaluating candidate mAbs and emerging delivery platforms prior to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam McNee
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Daryll Vanover
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pramila Rijal
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Basudev Paudyal
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Z. X. Lean
- Department of Pathology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)-Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Núñez
- Department of Pathology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)-Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Townsend
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elma Tchilian
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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McCarthy SD, Tilbury MA, Masterson CH, MacLoughlin R, González HE, Laffey JG, Wall JG, O'Toole D. Aerosol Delivery of a Novel Recombinant Modified Superoxide Dismutase Protein Reduces Oxidant Injury and Attenuates Escherichia coli Induced Lung Injury in Rats. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2023; 36:246-256. [PMID: 37638822 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2022.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening respiratory failure syndrome with diverse etiologies characterized by increased permeability of alveolar-capillary membranes, pulmonary edema, and acute onset hypoxemia. During the ARDS acute phase, neutrophil infiltration into the alveolar space results in uncontrolled release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteases, overwhelming antioxidant defenses and causing alveolar epithelial and lung endothelial injury. Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic potential of a novel recombinant human Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) fusion protein in protecting against ROS injury and for aerosolized SOD delivery to treat Escherichia coli induced ARDS. Methods: Fusion proteins incorporating human Cu-Zn-SOD (hSOD1), with (pep1-hSOD1-his) and without (hSOD1-his) a fused hyaluronic acid-binding peptide, were expressed in E. coli. Purified proteins were evaluated in in vitro assays with human bronchial epithelial cells and through aerosolized delivery to the lung of an E. coli-induced ARDS rat model. Results: SOD proteins exhibited high SOD activity in vitro and protected bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage. hSOD1-his and pep1-hSOD1-his retained SOD activity postnebulization and exhibited no adverse effects in the rat. Pep1-hSOD1-his administered through instillation or nebulization to the lung of an E. coli-induced pneumonia rat improved arterial oxygenation and lactate levels compared to vehicle after 48 hours. Static lung compliance was improved when the pep1-hSOD1-his protein was delivered by instillation. White cell infiltration to the lung was significantly reduced by aerosolized delivery of protein, and reduction of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, interferon-gamma, and interleukin 6 pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage was observed. Conclusions: Aerosol delivery of a novel recombinant modified SOD protein reduces oxidant injury and attenuates E. coli induced lung injury in rats. The results provide a strong basis for further investigation of the therapeutic potential of hSOD1 in the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D McCarthy
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maura A Tilbury
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire H Masterson
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Héctor E González
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John G Laffey
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Gerard Wall
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel O'Toole
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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6
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Wang R, Leime CO, Gao W, MacLoughlin R. Aerosol delivery in models of pediatric high flow nasal oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:878-886. [PMID: 36478520 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerosol drug delivery during high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are key respiratory care strategies available for the treatment of pediatric patients. We aimed to quantify the impact of different HFNO and IMV set-ups on tracheal drug delivery via a vibrating mesh nebuliser (VMN). METHODS Percent tracheal dose via VMN was quantified during HFNO therapy and IMV in a benchtop model of a 9-month-old infant. Under HFNO, 3 cannula sizes were used at 3 flow rate settings with the VMN placed at the dry side of the humidifier. Under IMV, tracheal dose when VMN was placed at the dry side of the humidifier, 15 cm from the wye and between the wye and endotracheal tube (ETT) was assessed. Salbutamol at 2.5 mg/2.5 ml (1 mg/ml) was used for each test (N = 5). The impact of VMN refill on circuit pressure under HFNO and IMV was also assessed. RESULTS Tracheal dose was highest during HFNO with the largest cannula size (OPT318) set to the lowest flow rate setting of 2 L/min (liter per minute) (5.80 ± 0.17%). Increasing flow rate reduced tracheal drug delivery for all cannulas. For IMV, VMN on the dry side of the humidifier and between the wye and ETT gave optimal drug delivery (4.49 ± 0.14% vs. 4.43 ± 0.26% respectively). VMN refill did not impact circuit pressure for either HFNO therapy or IMV. CONCLUSIONS Gas flow rate and cannula size during HFNO and VMN position during IMV has a significant effect on tracheal drug delivery in a pediatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Research and Development, Science & Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciaran O Leime
- Research and Development, Science & Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Neonatology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangdong Neonatal ICU Medical Quality Control Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science & Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, Galway, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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McCarthy SD, Rohde CB, Angel M, Masterson CH, MacLoughlin R, Fandiño J, González HE, Byrnes D, Laffey JG, O'Toole D. Aerosolized Pulmonary Delivery of mRNA Constructs Attenuates Severity of Escherichia coli Pneumonia in the Rat. Nucleic Acid Ther 2023; 33:148-158. [PMID: 36811461 PMCID: PMC10066785 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a rapid onset inflammatory lung disease with no effective specific therapy, typically has pathogenic etiology termed pneumonia. In previous studies nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor α super-repressor (IκBα-SR) and extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) reduced pneumonia severity when prophylactically delivered by viral vector. In this study, mRNA coding for green fluorescent protein, IκBα-SR, or SOD3 was complexed with cationic lipid, passed through a vibrating mesh nebulizer, and delivered to cell culture or directly to rats undergoing Escherichia coli pneumonia. Injury level was then assessed at 48 h. In vitro, expression was observed as early as 4 h in lung epithelial cells. IκBα-SR and wild-type IκBα mRNAs attenuated inflammatory markers, while SOD3 mRNA induced protective and antioxidant effects. In rat E. coli pneumonia, IκBα-SR mRNA reduced arterial carbon dioxide (pCO2) and reduced lung wet/dry ratio. SOD3 mRNA improved static lung compliance and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO2) and decreased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) bacteria load. White cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in BAL and serum were reduced by both mRNA treatments compared to scrambled mRNA controls. These findings indicate nebulized mRNA therapeutics are a promising approach to ARDS therapy, with rapid expression of protein and observable amelioration of pneumonia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D McCarthy
- CÚRAM and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Matt Angel
- Factor Bioscience Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire H Masterson
- CÚRAM and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Juan Fandiño
- CÚRAM and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Héctor E González
- CÚRAM and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan Byrnes
- CÚRAM and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John G Laffey
- CÚRAM and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel O'Toole
- CÚRAM and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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8
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Bahlool AZ, Fattah S, O’Sullivan A, Cavanagh B, MacLoughlin R, Keane J, O’Sullivan MP, Cryan SA. Development of Inhalable ATRA-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles as Host-Directed Immunotherapy against Tuberculosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081745. [PMID: 36015371 PMCID: PMC9415714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing new effective treatment strategies to overcome the rise in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases (MDR-TB) represents a global challenge. A host-directed therapy (HDT), acting on the host immune response rather than Mtb directly, could address these resistance issues. We developed an HDT for targeted TB treatment, using All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) that are suitable for nebulization. Efficacy studies conducted on THP-1 differentiated cells infected with the H37Ra avirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain, have shown a dose-dependent reduction in H37Ra growth as determined by the BACT/ALERT® system. Confocal microscopy images showed efficient and extensive cellular delivery of ATRA-PLGA NPs into THP-1-derived macrophages. A commercially available vibrating mesh nebulizer was used to generate nanoparticle-loaded droplets with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.13 μm as measured by cascade impaction, and a volumetric median diameter of 4.09 μm as measured by laser diffraction. In an adult breathing simulation experiment, 65.1% of the ATRA PLGA-NP dose was inhaled. This targeted inhaled HDT could offer a new adjunctive TB treatment option that could enhance current dosage regimens leading to better patient prognosis and a decreasing incidence of MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Z. Bahlool
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D08 9WRT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarinj Fattah
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew O’Sullivan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Dangan, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Dangan, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D08 9WRT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary P. O’Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D08 9WRT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUIG & RCSI, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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9
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Gallagher L, Joyce M, Murphy B, Mac Giolla Eain M, MacLoughlin R. The Impact of Head Model Choice on the In Vitro Evaluation of Aerosol Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010024. [PMID: 35056920 PMCID: PMC8777612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are variations in the values reported for aerosol drug delivery across in vitro experiments throughout the published literature, and often with the same devices or similar experimental setups. Factors contributing to this variability include, but are not limited to device type, equipment settings, drug type and quantification methods. This study assessed the impact of head model choice on aerosol drug delivery using six different adults and three different paediatric head models in combination with a facemask, mouthpiece, and high-flow nasal cannula. Under controlled test conditions, the quantity of drug collected varied depending on the choice of head model. Head models vary depending on a combination of structural design differences, facial features (size and structure), internal volume measurements and airway geometries and these variations result in the differences in aerosol delivery. Of the widely available head models used in this study, only three were seen to closely predict in vivo aerosol delivery performance in adults compared with published scintigraphy data. Further, this testing identified the limited utility of some head models under certain test conditions, for example, the range reported across head models was aerosol drug delivery of 2.62 ± 2.86% to 37.79 ± 1.55% when used with a facemask. For the first time, this study highlights the impact of head model choice on reported aerosol drug delivery within a laboratory setting and contributes to explaining the differences in values reported within the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Gallagher
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland; (L.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.G.E.)
| | - Mary Joyce
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland; (L.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.G.E.)
| | - Barry Murphy
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland; (L.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.G.E.)
| | - Marc Mac Giolla Eain
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland; (L.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.G.E.)
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland; (L.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.); (M.M.G.E.)
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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10
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Abstract
The new era of cellular immunotherapies has provided state-of-the-art and efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Cellular immunotherapies are at the forefront of innovative medical care, including adoptive T cell therapies, cancer vaccines, NK cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The focus of this review is on cellular immunotherapies and their application in the lung, as respiratory diseases remain one of the main causes of death worldwide. The ongoing global pandemic has shed a new light on respiratory viruses, with a key area of concern being how to combat and control their infections. The focus of cellular immunotherapies has largely been on treating cancer and has had major successes in the past few years. However, recent preclinical and clinical studies using these immunotherapies for respiratory viral infections demonstrate promising potential. Therefore, in this review we explore the use of multiple cellular immunotherapies in treating viral respiratory infections, along with investigating several routes of administration with an emphasis on inhaled immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorcha Daly
- College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Andrew O’Sullivan
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland;
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Fernández Fernández E, Joyce M, O'Sullivan A, MacLoughlin R. Evaluation of Aerosol Therapy during the Escalation of Care in a Model of Adult Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:472. [PMID: 33919035 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). CF patients inhale antibiotics regularly as treatment against persistent bacterial infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical intervention on aerosol therapy during the escalation of care using a bench model of adult CF. Droplet size analysis of selected antibiotics was completed in tandem with the delivered aerosol dose (% of total dose) assessments in simulations of various interventions providing oxygen supplementation or ventilatory support. Results highlight the variability of aerosolised dose delivery. In the homecare setting, the vibrating mesh nebuliser (VMN) delivered significantly more than the jet nebuliser (JN) (16.15 ± 0.86% versus 6.51 ± 2.15%). In the hospital setting, using VMN only, significant variability was seen across clinical interventions. In the emergency department, VMN plus mouthpiece (no supplemental oxygen) was seen to deliver (29.02 ± 1.41%) versus low flow nasal therapy (10 L per minute (LPM) oxygen) (1.81 ± 0.47%) and high flow nasal therapy (50 LPM oxygen) (3.36 ± 0.34%). In the ward/intensive care unit, non-invasive ventilation recorded 19.02 ± 0.28%, versus 22.64 ± 1.88% of the dose delivered during invasive mechanical ventilation. These results will have application in the design of intervention-appropriate aerosol therapy strategies and will be of use to researchers developing new therapeutics for application in cystic fibrosis and beyond.
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12
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Paudel KR, Wadhwa R, Tew XN, Lau NJX, Madheswaran T, Panneerselvam J, Zeeshan F, Kumar P, Gupta G, Anand K, Singh SK, Jha NK, MacLoughlin R, Hansbro NG, Liu G, Shukla SD, Mehta M, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Rutin loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles inhibit non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and migration in vitro. Life Sci 2021; 276:119436. [PMID: 33789146 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality globally. Despite the availability of therapeutic options, the improvement in patient survival is yet to be achieved. Recent advances in natural product (e.g., Rutin) research, therapeutic nanotechnology and especially the combination of both could aid in achieving significant improvements in the treatment or management of NSCLC. In this study, we explore the anti-cancer activity of Rutin-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) in an in vitro model where we have employed the A549 human lung epithelial carcinoma cell line. The anti-proliferative activity was determined by MTT and Trypan blue assays, whereas, the anti-migratory activity was evaluated by the scratch wound healing assay and a modified Boyden chamber assay. We also evaluated the anti-apoptotic activity by Annexin V-FITC staining, and the colony formation activity was studied using crystal violet staining. Here, we report that Rutin-LCNs showed promising anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activities. Furthermore, Rutin-LCNs also induced apoptosis in the A549 cells and inhibited colony formation. The findings warrant further detailed and in-depth anti-cancer mechanistic studies of Rutin-LCNs with a focus towards a potential therapeutic option for NSCLC. LCNs may help to enhance the solubility of Rutin used in the treatment of lung cancer and hence enhance the anticancer effect of Rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xin Nee Tew
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Natalie Jia Xin Lau
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farrukh Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, 302017 Jaipur, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sachin K Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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13
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Rivero-Barbarroja G, Benito JM, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Cyclodextrin-Based Functional Glyconanomaterials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2517. [PMID: 33333914 PMCID: PMC7765426 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have long occupied a prominent position in most pharmaceutical laboratories as "off-the-shelve" tools to manipulate the pharmacokinetics of a broad range of active principles, due to their unique combination of biocompatibility and inclusion abilities. The development of precision chemical methods for their selective functionalization, in combination with "click" multiconjugation procedures, have further leveraged the nanoscaffold nature of these oligosaccharides, creating a direct link between the glyco and the nano worlds. CDs have greatly contributed to understand and exploit the interactions between multivalent glycodisplays and carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) and to improve the drug-loading and functional properties of nanomaterials through host-guest strategies. The whole range of capabilities can be enabled through self-assembly, template-assisted assembly or covalent connection of CD/glycan building blocks. This review discusses the advancements made in this field during the last decade and the amazing variety of functional glyconanomaterials empowered by the versatility of the CD component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rivero-Barbarroja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.R.-B.); (C.O.M.)
| | - Juan Manuel Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.R.-B.); (C.O.M.)
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14
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Martini V, Hinchcliffe M, Blackshaw E, Joyce M, McNee A, Beverley P, Townsend A, MacLoughlin R, Tchilian E. Distribution of Droplets and Immune Responses After Aerosol and Intra-Nasal Delivery of Influenza Virus to the Respiratory Tract of Pigs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594470. [PMID: 33193445 PMCID: PMC7653178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that local immune responses and tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are critical for protection against respiratory infections but there is little information on the contributions of upper and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) immunity. To provide a rational basis for designing methods for optimal delivery of vaccines to the respiratory tract in a large animal model, we investigated the distribution of droplets generated by a mucosal atomization device (MAD) and two vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMNs) and the immune responses induced by delivery of influenza virus by MAD in pigs. We showed that droplets containing the drug albuterol, a radiolabel (99mTc-DTPA), or a model influenza virus vaccine (S-FLU) have similar aerosol characteristics. 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy showed that VMNs deliver droplets with uniform distribution throughout the lungs as well as the URT. Surprisingly MAD administration (1ml/nostril) also delivered a high proportion of the dose to the lungs, albeit concentrated in a small area. After MAD administration of influenza virus, antigen specific T cells were found at high frequency in nasal turbinates, trachea, broncho-alveolar lavage, lungs, tracheobronchial nodes, and blood. Anti-influenza antibodies were detected in serum, BAL and nasal swabs. We conclude that the pig is useful for investigating optimal targeting of vaccines to the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Martini
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom.,Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elaine Blackshaw
- Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam McNee
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Beverley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Townsend
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elma Tchilian
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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15
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Bardoliwala D, Patel V, Javia A, Ghosh S, Patel A, Misra A. Nanocarriers in effective pulmonary delivery of siRNA: current approaches and challenges. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:311-32. [PMID: 31116099 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on siRNA is increasing due to its wide applicability as a therapeutic agent in irreversible medical conditions. siRNA inhibits expression of the specific gene after its delivery from formulation to cytosol region of a cell. RNAi (RNA interference) is a mechanism by which siRNA is silencing gene expression for a particular disease. Numerous studies revealed that naked siRNA delivery is not preferred due to instability and poor pharmacokinetic performance. Nanocarriers based delivery of siRNA has the advantage to overcome physiological barriers and protect the integrity of siRNA from degradation by RNAase. Various diseases like lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, asthma, etc can be treated effectively by local lung delivery. The selective targeted therapeutic action in diseased organ and least off targeted cytotoxicity are the key benefits of pulmonary delivery. The current review highlights recent developments in pulmonary delivery of siRNA with novel nanosized formulation approach with the proven in vitro/in vivo applications.
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16
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Hibbitts AJ, Ramsey JM, Barlow J, MacLoughlin R, Cryan SA. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of PEGylated PEI for Anti-IL-8/CxCL-1 siRNA Delivery to the Lungs. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10071248. [PMID: 32605011 PMCID: PMC7407419 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation offers a means of rapid, local delivery of siRNA to treat a range of autoimmune or inflammatory respiratory conditions. This work investigated the potential of a linear 10 kDa Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified 25 kDa branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) (PEI-LPEG) to effectively deliver siRNA to airway epithelial cells. Following optimization with anti- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) siRNA, PEI and PEI-LPEG anti-IL8 siRNA nanoparticles were assessed for efficacy using polarised Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells and a twin stage impinger (TSI) in vitro lung model. Studies were then advanced to an in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rodent model of inflammation. In parallel, the suitability of the siRNA-loaded nanoparticles for nebulization using a vibrating mesh nebuliser was assessed. The siRNA nanoparticles were nebulised using an Aerogen® Pro vibrating mesh nebuliser and characterised for aerosol output, droplet size and fine particle fraction. Only PEI anti-IL8 siRNA nanoparticles were capable of significant levels of IL-8 knockdown in vitro in non-nebulised samples. However, on nebulization through a TSI, only PEI-PEG siRNA nanoparticles demonstrated significant decreases in gene and protein expression in polarised Calu-3 cells. In vivo, both anti-CXCL-1 (rat IL-8 homologue) nanoparticles demonstrated a decreased CXCL-1 gene expression in lung tissue, but this was non-significant. However, PEI anti-CXCL-1 siRNA-treated rats were found to have significantly less infiltrating macrophages in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Overall, the in vivo gene and protein inhibition findings indicated a result more reminiscent of the in vitro bolus delivery rather than the in vitro nebulization data. This work demonstrates the potential of nebulised PEI-PEG siRNA nanoparticles in modulating pulmonary inflammation and highlights the need to move towards more relevant in vitro and in vivo models for respiratory drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Hibbitts
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.J.H.); (J.M.R.); (R.M.)
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Joanne M. Ramsey
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.J.H.); (J.M.R.); (R.M.)
| | - James Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland;
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.J.H.); (J.M.R.); (R.M.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
- Aerogen Ltd. Galway Business Park, Galway H91 HE94, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.J.H.); (J.M.R.); (R.M.)
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-14022741
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17
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McCarthy SD, González HE, Higgins BD. Future Trends in Nebulized Therapies for Pulmonary Disease. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E37. [PMID: 32397615 PMCID: PMC7354528 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol therapy is a key modality for drug delivery to the lungs of respiratory disease patients. Aerosol therapy improves therapeutic effects by directly targeting diseased lung regions for rapid onset of action, requiring smaller doses than oral or intravenous delivery and minimizing systemic side effects. In order to optimize treatment of critically ill patients, the efficacy of aerosol therapy depends on lung morphology, breathing patterns, aerosol droplet characteristics, disease, mechanical ventilation, pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacodynamics of cell-drug interactions. While aerosol characteristics are influenced by drug formulations and device mechanisms, most other factors are reliant on individual patient variables. This has led to increased efforts towards more personalized therapeutic approaches to optimize pulmonary drug delivery and improve selection of effective drug types for individual patients. Vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMN) are the dominant device in clinical trials involving mechanical ventilation and emerging drugs. In this review, we consider the use of VMN during mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. We aim to link VMN fundamentals to applications in mechanically ventilated patients and look to the future use of VMN in emerging personalized therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D. McCarthy
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.D.M.); (H.E.G.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Héctor E. González
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.D.M.); (H.E.G.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brendan D. Higgins
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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18
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De Santi C, Fernández Fernández E, Gaul R, Vencken S, Glasgow A, Oglesby IK, Hurley K, Hawkins F, Mitash N, Mu F, Raoof R, Henshall DC, Cutrona MB, Simpson JC, Harvey BJ, Linnane B, McNally P, Cryan SA, MacLoughlin R, Swiatecka-Urban A, Greene CM. Precise Targeting of miRNA Sites Restores CFTR Activity in CF Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1190-1199. [PMID: 32059764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs that are overexpressed in cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) negatively regulate CFTR and nullify the beneficial effects of CFTR modulators. We hypothesized that it is possible to reverse microRNA-mediated inhibition of CFTR using CFTR-specific target site blockers (TSBs) and to develop a drug-device combination inhalation therapy for CF. Lead microRNA expression was quantified in a series of human CF and non-CF samples and in vitro models. A panel of CFTR 3' untranslated region (UTR)-specific locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide TSBs was assessed for their ability to increase CFTR expression. Their effects on CFTR activity alone or in combination with CFTR modulators were measured in CF BEC models. TSB encapsulation in poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles was assessed as a proof of principle of delivery into CF BECs. TSBs targeting the CFTR 3' UTR 298-305:miR-145-5p or 166-173:miR-223-3p sites increased CFTR expression and anion channel activity and enhanced the effects of ivacaftor/lumacaftor or ivacaftor/tezacaftor in CF BECs. Biocompatible PLGA-TSB nanoparticles promoted CFTR expression in primary BECs and retained desirable biophysical characteristics following nebulization. Alone or in combination with CFTR modulators, aerosolized CFTR-targeting TSBs encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles could represent a promising drug-device combination therapy for the treatment for CFTR dysfunction in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Santi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | | | - Rachel Gaul
- School of Pharmacy and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Vencken
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Arlene Glasgow
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Irene K Oglesby
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Killian Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Finn Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nilay Mitash
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Fangping Mu
- Center for Research Computing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rana Raoof
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Meritxell B Cutrona
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Barry Linnane
- University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Paul McNally
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Sally Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | - Catherine M Greene
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland
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19
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McCarthy SD, Horgan E, Ali A, Masterson C, Laffey JG, MacLoughlin R, O'Toole D. Nebulized Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Conditioned Medium Retains Antibacterial Properties Against Clinical Pathogen Isolates. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2019; 33:140-152. [PMID: 31730399 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2019.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated promise in pathogenic acute respiratory distress syndrome models and are advancing to clinical efficacy testing. Besides immunomodulatory effects, MSC derived conditioned medium (CM) has direct antibacterial effects, possibly through LL-37 and related secreted peptide activity. We investigated MSC-CM compatibility with vibrating mesh technology, allowing direct delivery to the infected lung. Methods: MSC-CM from bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord (UC) MSCs were passed through the commercially available Aerogen Solo nebulizer. Known colony forming units of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates were added to MSC-CM in an orbital shaker and antibacterial capacity assessed through OD600 spectrophotometry. To exclude the possible effects of medium depletion on bacteria proliferation, MSC-CM was concentrated with a 3000 Da cutoff filter, diluted with fresh media, and retested against inoculum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and IL-8 present at pre- and postnebulization. Results: Both BM and UC MSC-CM inhibited proliferation of all pathogens, and this ability was retained after nebulization. Concentrating and reconstituting CM did not affect antibacterial properties. Interestingly, LL-37 protein did not appear to survive nebulization, although other secreted AMPs and an unrelated protein, IL-8, were largely intact. Conclusion: MSC-CM is a potent antimicrobial agent and is compatible with vibrating mesh nebulization delivery. The mechanism is through a secreted factor that is over 3000 Da in size, although it does not appear to rely solely on previously identified peptides such as LL-37, hepcidin, or lipocalin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D McCarthy
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Horgan
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Areeba Ali
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Masterson
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John G Laffey
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Aerogen Ltd., Dangan, Galway.,School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel O'Toole
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Hibbitts A, O’Connor AM, McCarthy J, Forde ÉB, Hessman G, O’Driscoll CM, Cryan SA, Devocelle M. Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Peptidomimetic "PEGtide" of Oligo-Arginine Allows for Efficient siRNA Transfection and Gene Inhibition. ACS Omega 2019; 4:10078-10088. [PMID: 31460100 PMCID: PMC6647993 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While a wide range of experimental and commercial transfection reagents are currently available, persistent problems remain regarding their suitability for continued development. These include the transfection efficiency for difficult-to-transfect cell types and the risks of decreased cell viability that may arise from any transfection that does occur. Therefore, research is now turning toward alternative molecules that improve the toxicity profile of the gene delivery vector (GDV), while maintaining the transfection efficiency. Among them, cell-penetrating peptides, such as octa-arginine, have shown significant potential as GDVs. Their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties can be enhanced through peptidomimetic conversion, whereby a peptide is modified into a synthetic analogue that mimics its structure and/or function, but whose backbone is not solely based on α-amino acids. Using this technology, novel peptidomimetics were developed by co- and postpolymerization functionalization of substituted ethylene oxides, producing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based peptidomimetics termed "PEGtides". Specifically, a PEGtide of the poly(α-amino acid) oligo-arginine [poly(glycidylguanidine)] was assessed for its ability to complex and deliver a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) using a range of cell assays and high-content analysis. PEGtide-siRNA demonstrated significantly increased internalization and gene inhibition over 24 h in Calu-3 pulmonary epithelial cells compared to commercial controls and octa-arginine-treated samples, with no evidence of toxicity. Furthermore, PEGtide-siRNA nanocomplexes can provide significant levels of gene inhibition in "difficult-to-transfect" mouse embryonic hypothalamic (mHypo N41) cells. Overall, the usefulness of this novel PEGtide for gene delivery was clearly demonstrated, establishing it as a promising candidate for continued translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hibbitts
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Department of Chemistry, and Drug Delivery
& Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aoife M. O’Connor
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Department of Chemistry, and Drug Delivery
& Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joanna McCarthy
- Pharmacodelivery
Group, School of Pharmacy, University College
Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Éanna B. Forde
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Department of Chemistry, and Drug Delivery
& Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gary Hessman
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. O’Driscoll
- Pharmacodelivery
Group, School of Pharmacy, University College
Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Department of Chemistry, and Drug Delivery
& Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre
for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), NUIG & RCSI, Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland
Galway (NUIG), Newcastle
Road, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Marc Devocelle
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Department of Chemistry, and Drug Delivery
& Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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21
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Forde É, Kelly G, Sweeney L, Fitzgerald-Hughes D, MacLoughlin R, Devocelle M. Vibrating Mesh Nebulisation of Pro-Antimicrobial Peptides for Use in Cystic Fibrosis. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E239. [PMID: 31108949 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been considerable interest in the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as antimicrobial therapeutics in many conditions including cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study is to determine if the prodrugs of AMPs (pro-AMPs) can be delivered to the lung by a vibrating mesh nebuliser (VMN) and whether the pro-AMP modification has any effect on delivery. Methods: Physical characteristics of the peptides (AMP and pro-AMP) and antimicrobial activity were compared before and after nebulisation. Droplet size distribution was determined by laser diffraction and cascade impaction. Delivery to a model lung was determined in models of spontaneously-breathing and mechanically-ventilated patients. Results: The physical characteristics and antimicrobial activities were unchanged after nebulisation. Mean droplet size diameters were below 5 μm in both determinations, with the fine particle fraction approximately 67% for both peptides. Approximately 25% of the nominal dose was delivered in the spontaneously-breathing model for both peptides, with higher deliveries observed in the mechanically-ventilated model. Delivery times were approximately 170 s per mL for both peptides and the residual volume in the nebuliser was below 10% in nearly all cases. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the delivery of (pro-)AMPs to the lung using a VMN is feasible and that the prodrug modification is not detrimental. They support the further development of pro-AMPs as therapeutics in CF.
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Sweeney L, McCloskey AP, Higgins G, Ramsey JM, Cryan SA, MacLoughlin R. Effective nebulization of interferon-γ using a novel vibrating mesh. Respir Res 2019; 20:66. [PMID: 30943978 PMCID: PMC6448243 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a clinically relevant immunomodulatory cytokine that has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment and management of respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis and pulmonary fibrosis. As with all large biomolecules, clinical translation is dependent on effective delivery to the disease site and delivery of IFN-γ as an aerosol offers a logical means of drug targeting. Effective localization is often hampered by instability and a lack of safe and efficient delivery systems. The present study sought to determine how effectively IFN-γ can be nebulized using two types of vibrating mesh nebulizer, each with differing mesh architectures, and to investigate the comparative efficiency of delivery of therapeutically active IFN-γ to the lungs. METHODS Nebulization of IFN-γ was carried out using two different Aerogen vibrating mesh technologies with differing mesh architectures. These technologies represent both a standard commercially available mesh type (Aerogen Solo®) and a new iteration mesh (Photo-defined aperture plate (PDAP®). Extensive aerosol studies (aerosol output and droplet analysis, non-invasive and invasive aerosol therapy) were conducted in line with regulatory requirements and characterization of the stability and bioactivity of the IFN-γ post-nebulization was confirmed using SDS-PAGE and stimulation of Human C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL 10) also known as IFN-γ-induced protein 10KDa (IP 10) expression from THP-1 derived macrophages (THP-1 cells). RESULTS Aerosol characterization studies indicated that a significant and reproducible dose of aerosolized IFN-γ can be delivered using both vibrating mesh technologies. Nebulization using both devices resulted in an emitted dose of at least 93% (100% dose minus residual volume) for IFN-γ. Characterization of aerosolized IFN-γ indicated that the PDAP was capable of generating droplets with a significantly lower mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) with values of 2.79 ± 0.29 μm and 4.39 ± 0.25 μm for the PDAP and Solo respectively. The volume median diameters (VMD) of aerosolized IFN-γ corroborated this with VMDs of 2.33 ± 0.02 μm for the PDAP and 4.30 ± 0.02 μm for the Solo. SDS-PAGE gels indicated that IFN-γ remains stable after nebulization by both devices and this was confirmed by bioactivity studies using a THP-1 cell model in which an alveolar macrophage response to IFN-γ was determined. IFN-γ nebulized by the PDAP and Solo devices had no significant effect on the key inflammatory biomarker cytokine IP-10 release from this model in comparison to non-nebulized controls. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to combine IFN-γ with vibrating mesh nebulizer devices and facilitate effective aerosolisation with minimal impact on IFN-γ structure or bioactivity. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to nebulize IFN-γ effectively with vibrating mesh nebulizer devices without compromising its stability. The PDAP allows for generation of IFN-γ aerosols with improved aerodynamic properties thereby increasing its potential efficiency for lower respiratory tract deposition over current technology, whilst maintaining the integrity and bioactivity of IFN-γ. This delivery modality therefore offers a rational means of facilitating the clinical translation of inhaled IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Sweeney
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alice P. McCloskey
- School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM) NUIG & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Higgins
- School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM) NUIG & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne M. Ramsey
- School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM) NUIG & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM) NUIG & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
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Arima H, Motoyama K, Higashi T. Potential therapeutic application of dendrimer/cyclodextrin conjugates with targeting ligands as advanced carriers for gene and oligonucleotide drugs. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:215-32. [PMID: 28222660 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent approval of some gene medicines and nucleic acid drugs, further improvement of delivery techniques for these drugs is strongly required. Several delivery technologies for these drugs have been developed, in other words, viral and two types of nonviral (lipofection and polyfection) vectors. Among the polyfection system, the potential use of various cyclodextrin (CyD) derivatives and CyD-appended polymers as carriers for gene and nucleic acid drugs has been demonstrated. The polyamidoamine dendrimer (G3) conjugates with α-CyD (α-CDE (G3)) have been reported to possess noteworthy properties as DNA and nucleic acid drugs carriers. This review will focus on the attempts to develop such cell-specific drug carriers by preparing polyethylene glycol, galactose, lactose, mannose, fucose and folic acid-appended α-CDEs as tissue and cell-selective carriers of gene and nucleic acid drugs.
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Hemmink JD, Morgan SB, Aramouni M, Everett H, Salguero FJ, Canini L, Porter E, Chase-Topping M, Beck K, Loughlin RM, Carr BV, Brown IH, Bailey M, Woolhouse M, Brookes SM, Charleston B, Tchilian E. Distinct immune responses and virus shedding in pigs following aerosol, intra-nasal and contact infection with pandemic swine influenza A virus, A(H1N1)09. Vet Res 2016; 47:103. [PMID: 27765064 PMCID: PMC5073419 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection in pigs is a major farming problem, causing considerable economic loss and posing a zoonotic threat. In addition the pig is an excellent model for understanding immunity to influenza viruses as this is a natural host pathogen system. Experimentally, influenza virus is delivered to pigs intra-nasally, by intra-tracheal instillation or by aerosol, but there is little data comparing the outcome of different methods. We evaluated the shedding pattern, cytokine responses in nasal swabs and immune responses following delivery of low or high dose swine influenza pdmH1N1 virus to the respiratory tract of pigs intra-nasally or by aerosol and compared them to those induced in naturally infected contact pigs. Our data shows that natural infection by contact induces remarkably high innate and adaptive immune response, although the animals were exposed to a very low virus dose. In contacts, the kinetics of virus shedding were slow and prolonged and more similar to the low dose directly infected animals. In contrast the cytokine profile in nasal swabs, antibody and cellular immune responses of contacts more closely resemble immune responses in high dose directly inoculated animals. Consideration of these differences is important for studies of disease pathogenesis and assessment of vaccine protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Aramouni
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, UK.,Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Everett
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | | | - Laetitia Canini
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily Porter
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Margo Chase-Topping
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katy Beck
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | | | | | - Ian H Brown
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | - Mick Bailey
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Mark Woolhouse
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sharon M Brookes
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
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Tahara K, Hashimoto W, Takeuchi H. Inhalation Properties and Stability of Nebulized Naked siRNA Solution for Pulmonary Therapy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:63-7. [PMID: 26726746 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of naked unmodified small interfering RNA (N-siRNA) without vector has previously been investigated as a pulmonary therapy. However, little is known regarding stabilities and aerodynamic particle sizes of N-siRNA-containing droplets; nebulizers have not yet been optimized for N-siRNA solutions. Thus, in this study, we investigated the feasibility of inhaled N-siRNA solutions for pulmonary therapy using nebulization. Various nebulizers and N-siRNA concentrations were assessed in terms of siRNA integrity after nebulization, and inhalation properties including aerodynamic particle size were examined. In comparison with ultrasonic-, air-jet-, and vibrating-mesh nebulizers, N-siRNA integrity was not affected by nebulization. Thus, in further experiments, performances of N-siRNA aerosols with different nebulizers and N-siRNA concentrations were evaluated and screened using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) which employed the time-of-flight principle or a cascade impactor. Mean mass aerodynamic diameters of N-siRNA-containing droplets from vibrating-mesh nebulizers tended to decrease with increasing N-siRNA concentrations, reflecting the influence of N-siRNA solutions on surface tension, as indicated by contact angles. These data indicate the utility of APS instruments for investigating the nebulized characteristics of expensive drugs including siRNAs and may facilitate the development of N-siRNA inhalation formulations.
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27
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Youngren-Ortiz SR, Gandhi NS, España-Serrano L, Chougule MB. Aerosol Delivery of siRNA to the Lungs. Part 1: Rationale for Gene Delivery Systems. Kona 2016; 33:63-85. [PMID: 27081214 PMCID: PMC4829385 DOI: 10.14356/kona.2016014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the pulmonary route of administration, aerosol delivery devices, characterization of pulmonary drug delivery systems, and discusses the rationale for inhaled delivery of siRNA. Diseases with known protein malfunctions may be mitigated through the use of siRNA therapeutics. The inhalation route of administration provides local delivery of siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of various pulmonary diseases, however barriers to pulmonary delivery and intracellular delivery of siRNA exists. siRNA loaded nanocarriers can be used to overcome the barriers associated with the pulmonary route, such as anatomical barriers, mucociliary clearance, and alveolar macrophage clearance. Apart from naked siRNA aerosol delivery, previously studied siRNA carrier systems comprise of lipidic, polymeric, peptide, or inorganic origin. Such siRNA delivery systems formulated as aerosols can be successfully delivered via an inhaler or nebulizer to the pulmonary region. Preclinical animal investigations of inhaled siRNA therapeutics rely on intratracheal and intranasal siRNA and siRNA nanocarrier delivery. Aerosolized siRNA delivery systems may be characterized using in vitro techniques, such as dissolution test, inertial cascade impaction, delivered dose uniformity assay, laser diffraction, and laser Doppler velocimetry. The ex vivo techniques used to characterize pulmonary administered formulations include the isolated perfused lung model. In vivo techniques like gamma scintigraphy, 3D SPECT, PET, MRI, fluorescence imaging and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis may be used for evaluation of aerosolized siRNA delivery systems. The use of inhalable siRNA delivery systems encounters barriers to their delivery, however overcoming the barriers while formulating a safe and effective delivery system will offer unique advances to the field of inhaled medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. Youngren-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Nishant S. Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Laura España-Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Mahavir B. Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
- Corresponding author , Tel.:+1-808-981-4519; fax: +1-808-981-4520
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Liao W, Li W, Zhang T, Kirberger M, Liu J, Wang P, Chen W, Wang Y. Powering up the molecular therapy of RNA interference by novel nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1051-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00204h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With more suitable for disease treatment due to reduced cellular toxicity, higher loading capacity, and better biocompatibility, nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems have proved to be more potent, higher specific and less toxic than the traditional drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Food Science and Technology
| | | | - Tiantian Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | - Pei Wang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
- North Carolina 28081
- USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
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29
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