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Godwin EG, Moore LM, Sansfaçon AP, Nishman MM, Rosal MC, Katz-Wise SL. Experiences of cisgender youth with a transgender and/or nonbinary sibling. Fam Process 2024. [PMID: 38171537 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
While recent research has begun to address the effects of family support on transgender and/or nonbinary youth (TNY), almost no studies have directly examined how cisgender siblings in families with TNY navigate their sibling's gender disclosure and affirmation within both their families and their larger communities. We conducted an exploratory secondary analysis of in-person, semi-structured interviews with 15 adolescent and young adult siblings (age 13-24 years) of TNY from the northeastern United States from the baseline wave of the community-based, longitudinal, mixed methods Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project. Interview transcripts were analyzed using immersion/crystallization and template organizing approaches. Analyses yielded three main themes: gender-related beliefs and knowledge, peri- and post-disclosure family dynamics, and assessing responses to their sibling. Subthemes included anticipation of their sibling's TN identity, expectations post-disclosure, participants' level of involvement in gender-related family processes, perceptions of changes in family relationships, concern for their sibling (including a high degree of attunement to gender-affirming name and pronoun usage), and concern for themselves. Findings from this study suggest the need to engage directly with siblings of TNY to further elucidate their intrapersonal, intra-familial, and extra-familial experiences related to having a TN sibling and determine their unique support needs. Implications for families, clinicians, and communities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G Godwin
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lb M Moore
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annie Pullen Sansfaçon
- School of Social Work and the Centre for Public Health Research, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Milagros C Rosal
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabra L Katz-Wise
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Bosse JD, Clark KD, Dion KA, Chiodo LM. Transgender and nonbinary young adults' depression and suicidality is associated with sibling and parental acceptance-rejection. J Nurs Scholarsh 2024; 56:87-102. [PMID: 37235487 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transgender and nonbinary young adults (TNB YA) report high rates of depression and more suicidality than their cisgender counterparts. Parental rejection is a known predictor of worse mental health among TNB YA; however, less is known about TNB YA experiences of sibling acceptance-rejection. The purpose of this study was to determine how TNB YA perception of sibling and parental acceptance-rejection are related to TNB YA depression and suicidality. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS TNB YA (ages 18-25) who had disclosed their gender identity to an adult sibling were recruited to take part in an online study and completed measures of sibling and parent acceptance-rejection, depression, as well as lifetime and past year suicidality. Stepwise regressions were conducted to evaluate associations between acceptance-rejection and TNB YA depression and suicidality. RESULTS The sample consisted of 286 TNB YA (Mage = 21.5, SD = 2.2) who were predominantly White (80.6%) and assigned female sex at birth (92.7%). Each family member's acceptance-rejection was associated with increased TNB YA depression scores when considered independently and combined. Independently, high rejection from each family member was associated with greater odds of reporting most suicidality outcomes. When all family members were considered together, only high rejection from a male parent was associated with four times greater odds of reporting lifetime suicidality. High rejection from both parents was associated with greater odds of reporting past year suicide attempt (OR: 3.26 female parent; 2.75 male parent). CONCLUSION Rejection from family members is associated with worse depression and suicidality, and rejection from male parents may be particularly damaging. Sibling acceptance uniquely contributes to TNB YA's depression symptoms alone and in the context of parental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon D Bosse
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Kristen D Clark
- Department of Nursing, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dion
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Lisa M Chiodo
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
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3
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Kaufman G, Taniguchi H, Compton D. Life Satisfaction and Negative Affect Among Trans Men, Trans Women, and Nonbinary Individuals in a U.S. National Sample. LGBT Health 2024; 11:57-65. [PMID: 37582205 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Transgender and nonbinary individuals often have limited educational and economic resources, lack social capital such as family and community support, and face discrimination. These factors are likely to have negative consequences for subjective well-being of transgender individuals. Yet, there is limited research using a national sample and comparing trans women, trans men, and nonbinary individuals. This study examined the impact of social support, social belonging, transgender connectedness, and discrimination on trans and nonbinary individuals' life satisfaction and negative affect. Methods: We used data from TransPop 2016-2018, the first survey conducted on a national probability sample of the transgender population in the United States. We focused on measures of life satisfaction and negative affect and their predictors, including social belonging, transgender connectedness, and everyday discrimination. Results: We found that trans men, trans women, and nonbinary individuals had lower life satisfaction and higher negative affect than cisgender heterosexual individuals. Social belonging had a positive effect on trans men and trans women's life satisfaction, whereas it had a negative effect on trans men and nonbinary individuals' negative emotion. While family support had a positive effect on trans men's life satisfaction, social support had mixed effects on nonbinary individuals' life satisfaction and negative affect. Finally, everyday discrimination had a negative influence on life satisfaction although there was variation by gender identity and dependent measure. Conclusion: Different factors predicted life satisfaction and negative affect of trans men, trans women, and nonbinary people. Thus, a one-size-fits-all model of trans and nonbinary subjective well-being does not work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle Kaufman
- Department of Sociology, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hiromi Taniguchi
- Department of Sociology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - D'Lane Compton
- Department of Sociology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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4
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Looman WS, Geiger-Simpson E, Eull DJ, Lee J, Nersesian PV, Bell AN, Miller AL. Beyond coping: The role of supportive relationships and meaning making in youth well-being. J Nurs Scholarsh 2023; 55:1189-1203. [PMID: 37186497 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to identify coping strategies, resources, and strengths that predict well-being in a community-based sample of youth with varying levels of adversity. DESIGN Grounded in the resilience portfolio model, we used a mixed methods approach with data from a cross-sectional sample of 231 youth ages 8-17. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected using a survey, participant-generated timeline activity, and brief interview. Measures included assessments of coping and appraisal, resilience resources and assets, and subjective well-being and depression. RESULTS Active and passive coping strategies predicted subjective well-being and depression. Controlling for demographics and coping, meaning making strengths and supportive relationships were significant predictors of subjective well-being and lower depression, and decreased the impact of adversity on these outcomes. DISCUSSION The results of this study provide support for the resilience portfolio model in a community-based sample of youth, with relationships as predicted for subjective well-being and symptoms of depression. For both outcomes, family relationships held the strongest associations with positive well-being and lower symptoms of depression. Supportive relationships with peers, meaning making strengths, interpersonal strengths, less passive coping, and fewer adverse life events were also associated with better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need to assess youth resources and strengths and to design interventions that target these protective factors for all youth, regardless of exposure to adversity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A theory-informed understanding of resources and strengths that predict youth well-being is essential to inform strengths-based interventions for pediatric research and practice. The resilience portfolio model is a useful framework for understanding predictors of youth well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Looman
- University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Donna J Eull
- University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paula V Nersesian
- University of Southern Maine, School of Nursing, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Adrianna N Bell
- University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela L Miller
- University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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5
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Coyne SM, Christensen Duerden C, Sheppard JA, Ashby S, Van Alfen M, Harris H, Schilaty B, Hunt Q, Shawcroft J, Gale M, Graver H. "I'll Walk with You": LGBTQ+ Individuals and Religious Belonging. J Homosex 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37782078 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2246617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Research on LGBTQ+ individuals, belonging, and religiosity has been mixed. Some studies have illustrated the ways religion can harm LGBTQ+ individuals while others suggest religion has positive impacts. In the current study, we sought to understand this complexity by examining the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals who have been or currently are affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (i.e. Mormon, LDS). A thematic analysis of 100 interviews with LGBTQ+ individuals currently or previously affiliated with the Church revealed various ways they feel belonging or the lack thereof in Latter-day Saint congregations and communities. These include sharing physical space, being invited to and included at events, receiving gifts or acts of service, seeing others' safety signals, hearing accepting and character-affirming language, and having others listen to them and give them voice. With the intent of fostering belonging, we discuss implications of this research for church communities and propose the belonging in practice: LGBTQ+ and religion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Coyne
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - J Andan Sheppard
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Sarah Ashby
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Megan Van Alfen
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Holly Harris
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Ben Schilaty
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Quintin Hunt
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jane Shawcroft
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Megan Gale
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Haley Graver
- School of Family Life, JFSB 2086C, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Holt MK, Parodi KB, Elgar FJ, Vigna A, Moore LB, Koenig B. Identifying protective factors for gender diverse adolescents' mental health. Npj Ment Health Res 2023; 2:10. [PMID: 38609545 PMCID: PMC10955934 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-023-00029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have disentangled differences in victimization exposures and mental health symptoms among gender diverse subgroups, nor considered the role of potential protective factors in ameliorating the impact of victimization on gender diverse youths' mental health. Here we report findings from a secondary data analysis, in which we address this gap by analyzing cross-sectional survey data (N = 11,264 in the final analytic sample) from a population-based survey of youth in participating school districts in a large Midwestern U.S. county. Relative to cisgender youth with gender conforming expression, transgender youth and cisgender youth with nonconforming gender expression are more likely to experience victimization and severe mental health concerns. Additionally, school-connectedness moderates the association between bias-based harassment and depression for cisgender youth with gender nonconforming expression, and family support/monitoring buffers the association of peer victimization with suicide attempts among transgender youth. Findings highlight the need to better understand factors which may confer protection among gender diverse adolescents, so that in turn appropriate supports across key contexts can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Holt
- Boston University Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Two Silber Way, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Katharine B Parodi
- Boston University Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Two Silber Way, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Frank J Elgar
- McGill University, 1130 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Abra Vigna
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - L B Moore
- Ampersand Healing, West Springfield, MA, 01089, USA
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Wainipitapong S, Oon-arom A, Wiwattarangkul T, Vadhanavikkit P, Wiwattanaworaset P, Srifuengfung M, Chiddaycha M. Sexual Behaviors Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Other Sexual and Gender Diverse Medical Students: A National Study of Thai Medical Schools. Int J Sex Health 2023; 35:352-362. [PMID: 38601729 PMCID: PMC10903562 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2214801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate sexual behaviors among gender diverse (LGBT and other sexual/gender minorities) and nongender-diverse medical students. Methods In 2021 academic year, medical students from five Thai medical schools completed questionnaires identifying demographic data, psychosexual factors, sexual experiences, and risks. Results Among 1,322 students, 32.1% were gender-diverse students who had lower age at first sexual intercourse and more experiences in solitary and partnered sexual activity. Conclusions Use of hookup applications was more frequent among gay and bisexual males. Risky sexual behaviors were significantly higher among bisexual females. Gender-diverse medical students showed higher involvement in sexual activities. Future studies should be addressing sexual health in Thai medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorawit Wainipitapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Transgender Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Awirut Oon-arom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Teeravut Wiwattarangkul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Papan Vadhanavikkit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Maytinee Srifuengfung
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mayteewat Chiddaycha
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Cast into the spotlight because of recent legislative actions, gender-affirming care is a hot topic of discussion across the country when it comes to pediatric health care. And yet there is a great deal of misinformation being perpetuated about gender-affirming care that may be harmful to youth who identify as transgender and gender diverse (TGD). In addition, TGD youth continue to be an underserved and marginalized group that receive disparate health care at baseline. It is our role as pediatricians to understand the current landscape of evidence and guidance available to promote the health of TGD youth while reducing discrimination through education, nonjudgmental holistic treatment, and advocacy at local and national levels. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(5):e160-e163.].
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9
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Lehmann K, Leavey G. Systematic review: Psychological/psychosocial interventions for the families of gender diverse youth under 18 years old. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023:13591045231169093. [PMID: 37015561 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231169093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is the systematic review of psychological/psychosocial interventions for gender diverse youth under 18 years of age and their families, based on the published protocol: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020163995. METHODS A search strategy was developed using key terms. An electronic literature search was completed using the following data bases (OVID MEDLINE; EBSCO CINAHL; ProQuest MEDLINE; OVID PsycINFO). Only studies published in English between 2001-2021 were included. This review is based on PRISMA guidance. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were quality appraised using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT). RESULTS 8405 studies were independently screened. Four studies met the inclusion criteria for the study. Parents of transgender youth attended between one and 11 psychological/psychosocial group interventions. Parents reported reduced isolation and increased knowledge, which enabled them to advocate for their young person`s needs. Psychological/psychosocial group interventions were creating challenges in terms of group processes, with some parents dominating interactions. Psychological/psychosocial group interventions were positive for parents, but no outcomes were collected for transgender young people. CONCLUSION More research is required to understand the role of group facilitators, the optimal group size and the number of psychological/psychosocial intervention sessions required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Lehmann
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, 1602Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, UK
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre, 2596Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Hajek A, König HH, Buczak-Stec E, Blessmann M, Grupp K. Prevalence and Determinants of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Transgender People: Results of a Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050705. [PMID: 36900710 PMCID: PMC10000997 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the prevalence of probable depression and probable anxiety and to investigate the determinants of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms among transgender people. METHODS In this "Transgender Survey" (n = 104) we included transgender people who had joined self-help groups to obtain and share information about the gender-affirming surgeries performed at the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Data collection took place between April and October 2022. To measure probable depression, the patient health questionnaire-9 was used. The generalized anxiety disorder-7 was used to quantify probable anxiety. RESULTS The prevalence of probable depression was 33.3% and it was 29.6% for probable anxiety. Multiple linear regressions showed that both more depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with younger age (β = -0.16, p < 0.01; β = -0.14, p < 0.01), being unemployed (e.g., full-time employed compared to unemployment: β = -3.05, p < 0.05; β = -2.69, p < 0.05), worse self-rated health (β = -3.31, p < 0.001; β = -1.88, p < 0.05), and having at least one chronic disease (β = 3.71, p < 0.01; β = 2.61, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Remarkably high prevalence rates were identified among transgender people. Furthermore, risk factors of poor mental health (e.g., unemployment or younger age) were identified-which can help to address transgender people at risk for poor mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Buczak-Stec
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Blessmann
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Vázquez I, Gato J, Coimbra S, Tasker F, Barrientos J, Miscioscia M, Cerqueira-Santos E, Malmquist A, Seabra D, Leal D, Houghton M, Poli M, Gubello A, Ramos MDM, Guzmán-González M, Urzúa A, Ulloa F, Wurm M. Psychological Adjustment Profiles of LGBTQ+ Young Adults Residing with Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3188. [PMID: 36833881 PMCID: PMC9964666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health symptoms, particularly among vulnerable populations such as LGBTQ+ individuals. In the present study, we aimed to (i) identify different psychological adjustment profiles among LGBTQ+ young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare LGBTQ+ young adults in relation to (ii) sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related experiences and (iii) the internal and external protective resources associated with each adjustment profile. An online questionnaire was administered to 1699 LGBTQ+ young adults from six countries (Brazil, Chile, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, and the UK). A cluster analysis was conducted, and four profiles of psychological adjustment were identified: unchallenged, resilient, distressed, and at-risk. The at-risk cluster scored lowest in social support (particularly from family). The profiles of participants who experienced the highest levels of pandemic adversity (at-risk and resilient) comprised mostly South American participants, those under lockdown at the time of survey completion, those who self-identified as transgender and non-binary, and those with a plurisexual sexual orientation. Interventions should consider strategies to help young adults maintain support systems and reinforce the value of positive family relationships. Specific groups within the LGBTQ+ community that seem to be in a particularly vulnerable situation may need additional tailored support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vázquez
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gato
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fiona Tasker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Jaime Barrientos
- Faculty of Psychology, University Alberto Hurtado, Santiago 6500620, Chile
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Malmquist
- Division of Psychology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Seabra
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Leal
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marie Houghton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Mikael Poli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Gubello
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental and Family Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alfonzo Urzúa
- School of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 0610, Chile
| | - Francisco Ulloa
- MUMS—Movimiento por la Diversidad Sexual, Santiago 578, Chile
| | - Matilda Wurm
- School of Behavioral, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
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Cámara-Liebana D, González-Carrasco M, Reig-Garcia G, Salleras-Duran L, Fuentes-Pumarola C, Ballester-Ferrando D. A Qualitative Approach to Exploring the Impact of the Gay Identity Formation Process. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231185916. [PMID: 37425288 PMCID: PMC10328160 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231185916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most gay men experience difficulty in coming to terms with their sexual orientation, with their health, wellbeing, and quality of life potentially affected by unpleasant experiences often associated with the formation of their gay identity. It is therefore important for nurses to understand the needs of gay men so that they can accompany them and provide quality care during and after the identity formation process. Objective The aim of the study was to explore and describe the identity formation and coming out experiences of gay men. Methods A qualitative design with a constructivist naturalist approach was used. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with five gay men with experience of the gay identity formation process, and data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method. Results The results show that the men needed support, as they reported feeling different and alone during the identity formation and coming out process, and that their mental health was affected. Fear of rejection, negative reactions, and disappointing people were the reasons that led the men not to disclose their sexual orientation to family, while those who had come out defined a feeling of liberation. Conclusions The gay identity formation process has potential impacts on health, wellbeing, and quality of life. Nurses need cultural competence training to be able to understand the needs of gay men, accompany them in the identity formation process, and provide individualized and non-heteronormative care. Nurses also need to participate in dismantling a heterosexist social structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cámara-Liebana
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Quality of Life Research Institute,University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica González-Carrasco
- Quality of Life Research Institute,University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Departament of Pyschology, University
of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Glòria Reig-Garcia
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Health and Healthcare Research Group,
University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Laia Salleras-Duran
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Health, Gender and Aging Research
Group, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Health, Gender and Aging Research
Group, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - David Ballester-Ferrando
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Health, Gender and Aging Research
Group, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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13
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Caldarera AM, Vitiello B, Turcich C, Bechis D, Baietto C. The association of attachment, mentalization and reflective functioning with mental health in gender diverse children and adolescents: A systematic review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1124-1140. [PMID: 35465758 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221075527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gender diverse children (here defined as minors under 18) face greater risk for depression, anxiety and suicidality than their cisgender peers. This situation calls for research on protective factors of mental health in this population, and on appropriate therapeutic and supportive interventions. This systematic review aimed at (1) examining literature on the role of attachment, mentalization and reflective functioning in protecting mental health of gender diverse children and identifying the mental health outcomes that have been assessed; and (2) outlining interventions based on attachment, mentalization and reflective functioning that have been proposed. The work was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Fifty-one studies were identified and 9 met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that, besides a general protective role for mental health, attachment, mentalization and reflective functioning moderate and mediate, through different pathways, (1) the association between gender diversity and emotional/behavioural problems; and (2) the negative effects of minority stress. Mentalization seems to be an individual resilience factor; the capacity of the caregiver to serve as a secure base and validate the internal experience of incongruence of the child promote a healthy psychological development. Three levels of action for interventions were identified: individual, family and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Caldarera
- Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Public Health and Pediatrics, 154898University of Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Public Health and Pediatrics, 154898University of Torino, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Bechis
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 472627Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Baietto
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 472627Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy
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14
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Bosse JD, Katz-Wise SL, Chiodo LM. Sexual and Gender Diverse Young Adults’ Perception of Behaviors that are Supportive and Unsupportive of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identities. Journal of Adolescent Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221124957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To explore specific responses that sexual and gender diverse young adults (SGD YA) perceive to be supportive and unsupportive of sexual orientation and gender identity by caregivers and other adults following identity disclosure. SGD YA ( N = 101), ages 18 to 25 years ( M = 21.2) were predominantly White (83.1%), non-Hispanic (89.1%), assigned female at birth (82.2%). The majority (97.8%) were sexually diverse (e.g., queer, pansexual, lesbian, gay, asexual, bisexual) and half (50%) were gender diverse (e.g. transgender, agender, genderqueer, nonbinary). Participants completed an online survey. This analysis is focused on participants’ responses to open-ended questions regarding responses they perceived to be supportive and unsupportive of their SGD identity/identities. Content analysis of participants’ open-ended survey responses was conducted using a combination of inductive and deductive coding. Six themes emerged for both supportive responses (communication, actions, acceptance, open-mindedness, unconditional love, and advocacy) and unsupportive responses (distancing, hostility, minimizing, controlling, blaming, and bumbling). For some themes, different sub-themes emerged based on identity. Parents/caregivers as well as other adults in the lives of SGD YA can implement specific responses to demonstrate support for sexual orientation and gender identity with the potential to improve the mental health of SGD YA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon D. Bosse
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Sabra L. Katz-Wise
- Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Chiodo
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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15
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Shah TN, Parodi KB, Holt MK, Green JG, Katz-Wise SL, Kraus AD, Kim GS, Ji Y. A Qualitative Exploration of How Transgender and Non-binary Adolescents Define and Identify Supports. Journal of Adolescent Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221123123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored how 249 transgender and non-binary (TNB) adolescents (ages 14–18) described salient supports in their lives, and ways in which key social-ecological contexts could better support TNB adolescents’ wellbeing. Participants were recruited through social media, and completed online surveys; all study procedures were approved by the Boston University Institutional Review Board. Most (84.7%) participants identified as White, and as sexual minorities (96.4%). Modified consensual qualitative research (CQR-M) methods were used to examine TNB adolescents’ responses to two questions: “In your life, which people, if any, would you describe as most supportive, and why?” and “What can individuals/groups within families, schools, and communities do to best support the well-being of transgender and non-binary adolescents?” Results indicated that the most common source of support for TNB participants was peers, followed by family members. Participants also highlighted the centrality of supportive environments that offer access to resources, as well as support derived through policies and practices that reduce stigma. Collectively, results have implications for how individuals and systems can foster wellbeing among TNB adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yujie Ji
- Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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16
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Katz-Wise SL, Gordon AR, Sharp KJ, Johnson NP, Hart LM. Developing Parenting Guidelines to Support Transgender and Gender Diverse Children's Well-being. Pediatrics 2022; 150:189276. [PMID: 36045300 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parents and caregivers' responses to their child's gender identity or expression play a pivotal role in their mental health. Despite increasing visibility of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) children, few scientific resources exist to advise their parents and caregivers. METHODS We used an online Delphi study to generate expert consensus. Expert adult participants (N = 93; 55% cisgender women, 12% cisgender men, 33% gender minority; 83% White race or ethnicity) rated statements describing parenting strategies compiled from a systematic search of community-generated online literature. Participants represented 3 distinct "panels" of expertise: parents and caregivers of a TGD child, TGD persons, and/or professionals working with TGD populations. Statements rated as essential or important by 80% to 100% of each panel were endorsed as a guideline. Three rounds of surveys were used with iterative feedback to develop consensus. RESULTS Of 813 total statements, only 125 were endorsed by all 3 panels. Key domains of consensus included: supportive strategies for parents (eg, open communication, listening), behaviors to avoid (eg, pressuring a child into a gender transition), strategies for navigating healthcare and school systems, and common responses for parents (eg, confusion). Areas of disagreement, in which professional and TGD panels concurred but the parent panel did not, included whether to allow gender identity experimentation during childhood, the value of providing access to gender diverse media, and how to avoid misgendering a child. CONCLUSIONS These consensus-based guidelines offer a unique and needed resource for parents and caregivers and clinicians and can be used to promote the mental health and well-being of TGD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabra L Katz-Wise
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Contributed equally as cofirst authors
| | - Allegra R Gordon
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Contributed equally as cofirst authors
| | - Kendall J Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Laura M Hart
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Lopes PF, Melo LDL, Ribeiro CA, Toledo VP. Experiences of families of adolescents with gender incongruence in the light of the Calgary Models for Families. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022; 56:e20220027. [PMID: 35876464 PMCID: PMC10111380 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0027en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to know the experiences of family members of adolescents with gender incongruence. METHOD this is a qualitative case study, supported by the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models theoretical-methodological framework. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, participant observation in family groups and document analysis, with eight family members. Data analysis was performed following the precepts of content analysis. RESULTS with family assessment, two categories emerged: "Challenges in the face of gender transition", which highlighted the problems related to the expectations created at birth, new names, pronouns and gender fluidity and the fear of prejudice, and "Supporting aspects in the face of the possibility of gender transition", which revealed family support as a strong point. CONCLUSION knowing the experiences allowed us to understand the challenges that family members face when facing physical and emotional aspects of their children's gender transition. It was noticed that the act of seeking help and offering support is important for a healthy transition. The findings provided a better understanding of family issues and provided suggestions on how nursing can develop care for this population.
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18
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Chan ASW, Wu D, Lo IPY, Ho JMC, Yan E. Diversity and Inclusion: Impacts on Psychological Wellbeing Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Communities. Front Psychol 2022; 13:726343. [PMID: 35572280 PMCID: PMC9105225 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.726343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For scholars, practitioners, and legislators concerned about sexual minority adolescents, one of the main goals is to create more positive and inclusive learning environments for this minority group. Numerous factors, such as repeated patterns of homophobic bullying by classmates and others in school, have been a significant barrier to achieving this goal. In addition, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) adolescents encounter substantial inequality across a broad spectrum of wellbeing and education consequences. Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, LGBTQ adolescents experience more anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, antisocial behavior, poorer academic performance, less school attachment and protection, and a weaker desire to finish their studies. Such discrepancies based on gender and sexuality were linked to more maltreatment encountered by LGBTQ adolescents. It is crucial to recognize the backgrounds and expectations of LGBTQ adolescents to offer them the best resources. To overcome the inequality and obstacles faced by these LGBTQ adolescents, it is essential to examine tools and techniques that can be utilized. This study examined the literature that explains why society fails to provide enough support to LGBTQ students. Specifically, mechanisms explaining how LGBTQ adolescents interact with others in the learning environment and how such discrepancies arise will be examined. Following that, violence and prejudice, which are fundamental causes of psychological problems among LGBTQ adolescents, will be explored. This review paper thus provides supportive strategies for schools to develop more inclusive learning environments for LGBTQ adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Siu Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Po Yee Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacqueline Mei Chi Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elsie Yan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Denaro A, Pflugeisen CM, Colglazier T, DeWine D, Thompson B. Lessons from Grassroots Efforts to Increase Gender-Affirming Medical Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth in the Community Health Care Setting. Transgend Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2021.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aytch Denaro
- Mary Bridge Children's Pediatric Gender Health Clinic, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | | | - Tammy Colglazier
- Mary Bridge Children's Pediatric Gender Health Clinic, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - David DeWine
- Mary Bridge Children's Pediatric Gender Health Clinic, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Barbara Thompson
- Mary Bridge Children's Pediatric Gender Health Clinic, Tacoma, Washington, USA
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20
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Lopes PF, Melo LDL, Ribeiro CA, Toledo VP. Experiências de famílias de adolescentes com incongruência de gênero à luz dos Modelos Calgary para famílias. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0027pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as experiências de familiares de adolescentes com incongruência de gênero. Método: estudo de caso qualitativo, apoiado pelo referencial teórico-metodológico dos Modelos Calgary de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante em grupos de familiares e análise documental, com oito familiares. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo os preceitos da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: com a avaliação familiar, emergiram duas categorias: “Desafios em face à transição de gênero”, que evidenciou os problemas relacionados às expectativas criadas ao nascimento, novos nomes, pronomes e fluidez de gênero e o medo do preconceito, e “Aspectos apoiadores diante da possibilidade de transição de gênero”, que revelou o apoio familiar como ponto forte. Conclusão: conhecer as experiências permitiu compreender os desafios que os familiares enfrentam ao se deparar com aspectos físicos e emocionais da transição de gênero de seus filhos. Percebeu-se que o ato de procurar ajuda e de oferecer apoio é importante para uma transição saudável. Os achados proporcionaram melhor compreensão das questões familiares e forneceram sugestões de como a enfermagem pode elaborar o cuidado a essa população.
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21
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Selles BRS, Almeida PFD, Ahmad AF, Lemos A, Ribeiro CR. Redes sociais de apoio às pessoas trans: ampliando a produção de cuidado. Saúde debate 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042022e613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O direito à saúde de transexuais e travestis vem sendo conquistado por meio de intensa mobilização social, resultando em políticas específicas para essa população. Apesar disso, observa-se desassistência a esse grupo, levando-o a desenhar itinerários terapêuticos fora da rede formal de atenção à saúde. Objetivouse apresentar e discutir os itinerários terapêuticos construídos por pessoas trans em Niterói por meio de suas redes sociais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, cujo cenário foi o Ambulatório de Atenção à Saúde da População Travesti e Transexual João W. Nery em Niterói/RJ. Participaram da pesquisa 20 transexuais usuários/as do ambulatório, moradores/as do município, que responderam à entrevista semiestruturada. Foram feitas também observações participantes. O tratamento dos dados foi efetuado por meio da análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Evidenciou-se que as redes sociais ampliaram a capacidade de produção de saúde, mobilizando e articulando relações familiares, de amizade, religiosidades, movimento estudantil e grupos universitários, além do movimento LGBTQIA+ no empoderamento e ressignificação dos projetos de vida e da própria expressão da identidade trans. Sugere-se que os serviços de saúde precisam conhecer e se articular às redes sociais para produzir um cuidado em saúde pautado pelos paradigmas da integralidade e dos direitos humanos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adriana Lemos
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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22
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Paulino DB, Pastor-Valero M, Machin R. 'This family rejection harmed my health as well': Intersections between the meanings of family and health for trans people and family members in a trans healthcare service in Brazil. Glob Public Health 2021; 17:1330-1342. [PMID: 33977866 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1924222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transgender people deal with intense discrimination in every aspect of life. These experiences increase when they face family rejection. The research on social and family environment surrounding gender transition has been largely overlooked. We examine the meanings of family and health, and how these intersect, among trans people and their family members in a health service in Brazil. We conducted a qualitative study (between December 2017 and July 2018), an ethnography with the triangulation of three sources: interviews with 8 transgender men, 8 transgender women and 5 family members; a focus group with another 8 transgender men and approximately 100 h of field observation. Our study shows that family and health are interpreted as ideal protective environments, and seen as causes of disappointment, abandonment and illness. The meanings of family and health are interconnected and constituted in relation to each other. We also found that there are differences within these meanings of family and health when we consider the ethnicity and the economic status of the participants. The participants reported that the society education towards transsexuality is fundamental to improving trans people's quality of life. Our results challenge health services to provide comprehensive healthcare and assure health equity for transgender people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Borges Paulino
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Maria Pastor-Valero
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, España.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, España
| | - Rosana Machin
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil
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