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Fuwa M, Kajita K, Mori I, Asano M, Kajita T, Senda T, Inagaki T, Morita H. Mitochondrial fractions located in the cytoplasmic and peridroplet areas of white adipocytes have distinct roles. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38658180 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in white adipocytes (WAs) has not been fully explored. A recent study revealed that brown adipocytes contain functionally distinct mitochondrial fractions, cytoplasmic mitochondria, and peridroplet mitochondria. However, it is not known whether such a functional division of mitochondria exists in WA. Herein, we observed that mitochondria could be imaged and mitochondrial DNA and protein detected in pellets obtained from the cytoplasmic layer and oil layer of WAs after centrifugation. The mitochondria in each fraction were designated as cytoplasmic mitochondria (CMw) and peridroplet mitochondria (PDMw) in WAs, respectively. CMw had higher β-oxidation activity than PDMw, and PDMw was associated with diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2. Therefore, CMw may be involved in β-oxidation and PDMw in droplet expansion in WAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fuwa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kajita
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Gifu Women's University, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Motochika Asano
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kajita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunnma University, Maebashi-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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2
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Yoshimura E, Hamada Y, Hatamoto Y, Nakagata T, Nanri H, Nakayama Y, Hayashi T, Suzuki I, Ando T, Ishikawa-Takata K, Tanaka S, Ono R, Park J, Hosomi K, Mizuguchi K, Kunisawa J, Miyachi M. Effects of energy loads on energy and nutrient absorption rates and gut microbiome in humans: A randomized crossover trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:262-272. [PMID: 37927202 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of different energy loads on the gut microbiota composition and the rates of energy and nutrient excretion via feces and urine. METHODS A randomized crossover dietary intervention study was conducted with three dietary conditions: overfeeding (OF), control (CON), and underfeeding (UF). Ten healthy men were subjected to each condition for 8 days (4 days and 3 nights in nonlaboratory and laboratory settings each). The effects of dietary conditions on energy excretion rates via feces and urine were assessed using a bomb calorimeter. RESULTS Short-term energy loads dynamically altered the gut microbiota at the α-diversity (Shannon index), phylum, and genus levels (p < 0.05). Energy excretion rates via urine and urine plus feces decreased under OF more than under CON (urine -0.7%; p < 0.001, urine plus feces -1.9%; p = 0.049) and UF (urine -1.0%; p < 0.001, urine plus feces -2.1%; p = 0.031). However, energy excretion rates via feces did not differ between conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although short-term overfeeding dynamically altered the gut microbiota composition, the energy excretion rate via feces was unaffected. Energy excretion rates via urine and urine plus feces were lower under OF than under CON and UF conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Hamada
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagata
- Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Nakayama
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ippei Suzuki
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ando
- Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
- Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jonguk Park
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Boscaro A, Verney J, Tremblay A, King JA, Pereira B, Costes F, Julian V, Duclos M, Boirie Y, Thivel D, Bailly M. Challenges of considering both extremities of the weight status spectrum to better understand obesity: insights from the NUTRILEAN project in constitutionally thin individuals. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1171-1177. [PMID: 37553452 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES While the physiology of obesity has been so extensively investigated to date, only an extremely small number of studies (less than 50) have focused on the other extremity of the weight spectrum: constitutional thinness. Yet, this important state of underweight in the absence of any eating disorders provides a mirror model of obesity that might be particularly insightful in understanding obesity. Nevertheless, important methodological and recruitment-related issues appear when it comes to this complex constitutionally thin phenotype, as experienced by our research group with the realization of the ongoing NUTRILEAN clinical trial. To face this challenge, the present paper aims at identifying, analyzing, and discussing the quality of such recruitment processes in publications about constitutional thinness. METHODS In this order, a group of experts collectively created a new grading system to assess the level of rigour and quality achieved by each study based on different criteria. RESULTS The main results were that (i) metabolic-related biasing criteria were poorly observed despite being crucial, (ii) recruitment processes were not detailed enough and with sufficient explicitness, and (iii) recruiting among already identified patients would be associated with both higher sample sizes and better scores of quality. CONCLUSIONS The present work encourages investigators to adopt a high level of rigour despite the complexity and duration of recruitment processes for this specific population, and readers to pay close attention to the quality of recruitment when interpreting the data. To better understand obesity and its physiological adaptations, it seems essential not only to compare it to normal-weight conditions, but also to the other extremity of the weight status spectrum represented by constitutional thinness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Boscaro
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UPR 3533, CRNH Auvergne, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julien Verney
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UPR 3533, CRNH Auvergne, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UPR 3533, CRNH Auvergne, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélina Bailly
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UPR 3533, CRNH Auvergne, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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4
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Guerrier L, Malpuech-Brugère C, Richard R, Touron J. Mitochondrial Function in Healthy Human White Adipose Tissue: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4430. [PMID: 37892505 PMCID: PMC10609723 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As ¾ of the global population either have excess or insufficient fat, it has become increasingly critical to understand the functions and dysfunctions of adipose tissue (AT). AT serves as a key organ in energy metabolism, and recently, attention has been focused on white AT, particularly its mitochondria, as the literature evidence links their functions to adiposity. This narrative review provides an overview of mitochondrial functionality in human white AT. Firstly, it is noteworthy that the two primary AT depots, subcutaneous AT (scAT) and visceral AT (vAT), exhibit differences in mitochondrial density and activity. Notably, vAT tends to have a higher mitochondrial activity compared to scAT. Subsequently, studies have unveiled a negative correlation between mitochondrial activity and body mass index (BMI), indicating that obesity is associated with a lower mitochondrial function. While the impact of exercise on AT mitochondria remains uncertain, dietary interventions have demonstrated varying effects on AT mitochondria. This variability holds promise for the modulation of AT mitochondrial activity. In summary, AT mitochondria exert a significant influence on health outcomes and can be influenced by factors such as obesity and dietary interventions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these responses can offer potential insights into managing conditions related to AT and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Guerrier
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julianne Touron
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Cai J, Wang F, Shao M. The Emerging Importance of Mitochondria in White Adipocytes: Neither Last nor Least. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:493-503. [PMID: 37816498 PMCID: PMC10613775 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing recognition of mitochondria's crucial role in the regulation of white adipose tissue remodeling and energy balance underscores its significance. The marked metabolic diversity of mitochondria provides the molecular and cellular foundation for enabling adipose tissue plasticity in response to various metabolic cues. Effective control of mitochondrial function at the cellular level, not only in thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes but also in energy-storing white adipocytes, exerts a profound influence on adipose homeostasis. Furthermore, mitochondria play a pivotal role in intercellular communication within adipose tissue via production of metabolites with signaling properties. A more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial regulation within white adipocytes will empower the development of targeted and efficacious strategies to enhance adipose function, leading to advancements in overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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AlZaim I, Eid AH, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Diseases: On the Search for Novel Molecular Targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Cominetti O, Núñez Galindo A, Corthésy J, Carayol J, Germain N, Galusca B, Estour B, Hager J, Gheldof N, Dayon L. Proteomics reveals unique plasma signatures in constitutional thinness. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100114. [PMID: 35579096 PMCID: PMC9787820 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studying the plasma proteome of control versus constitutionally thin (CT) individuals, exposed to overfeeding, may give insights into weight-gain management, providing relevant information to the clinical entity of weight-gain resistant CT, and discovering new markers for the condition. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Untargeted protein relative quantification of 63 CT and normal-weight individuals was obtained in blood plasma at baseline, during and after an overfeeding challenge using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. RESULTS The plasma proteome of CT subjects presented limited specificity with respect to controls at baseline. Yet, CT showed lower levels of inflammatory C-reactive protein and larger levels of protective insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2. Differences were more marked during and after overfeeding. CT plasma proteome showed larger magnitude and significance in response, suggesting enhanced "resilience" and more rapid adaptation to changes. Four proteins behaved similarly between CT and controls, while five were regulated in opposite fashion. Ten proteins were differential during overfeeding in CT only (including increased fatty acid-binding protein and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and decreased apolipoprotein C-II and transferrin receptor protein 1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This first proteomic profiling of a CT cohort reveals different plasma proteomes between CT subjects and controls in a longitudinal clinical trial. Our molecular observations further support that the resistance to weight gain in CT subjects appears predominantly biological. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT02004821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Cominetti
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical SciencesNestlé ResearchLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Antonio Núñez Galindo
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical SciencesNestlé ResearchLausanneSwitzerland
| | - John Corthésy
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical SciencesNestlé ResearchLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jérôme Carayol
- Nestlé Institute of Health SciencesNestlé ResearchLausanneSwitzerland,Present address:
Playtika Switzerland SARue du Port‐Franc 2ALausanne1003Switzerland
| | - Natacha Germain
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU St‐EtienneFrance
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU St‐EtienneFrance
| | - Bruno Estour
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU St‐EtienneFrance
| | - Jörg Hager
- Nestlé Institute of Health SciencesNestlé ResearchLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Nestlé Institute of Health SciencesNestlé ResearchLausanneSwitzerland,Present address:
VPA ‐ AVP‐R‐Administration, EPFLBI A2 483, Station 7Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Loïc Dayon
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical SciencesNestlé ResearchLausanneSwitzerland,Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
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Bailly M, Boscaro A, Thomas T, Féasson L, Costes F, Pereira B, Hager J, Estour B, Galusca B, Metz L, Courteix D, Thivel D, Verney J, Germain N. New Insights on Bone Tissue and Structural Muscle-Bone Unit in Constitutional Thinness. Front Physiol 2022; 13:921351. [PMID: 35874537 PMCID: PMC9305386 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.921351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While few studies pointed out low bone mineral densities in constitutionally thin women, little is known about potential explanations. The objective was to further explore bone architecture in both women and men with constitutional thinness to investigate their mechanical muscle-bone coupling (or uncoupling). Thirty constitutionally thin people and 31 normal weight controls participated in the study. Body composition, hip structural analysis, and trabecular bone score were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone architecture using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and muscle explorations through histological staining on muscle biopsies. Thirty-two out of the 48 indexes relative to density, geometry, texture, and architecture of bones were found significantly lower (p < 0.05) in constitutionally thin individuals compared with controls. This observation was particularly pronounced in constitutionally thin men. Bone microarchitecture was more altered in weight-supporting bone (tibia) than in non-weight-supporting (radius) bone, which might refer to a normal physiological adaptation (Frost’s mechanostat theory). Yet, the heat-maps of correlations analyses showed many alterations of body weight or muscle associations with bone parameters in constitutionally thin individuals contrary to controls. Present results might support the idea of intrinsic disturbances of bone cells independently to the small muscle structure, particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Bailly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Mélina Bailly,
| | - Audrey Boscaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Thomas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
- INSERM U1059, University of Lyon-Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM) EA 7424, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Health Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Estour
- Eating Disorders Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Eating Disorders Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Lore Metz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Verney
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Natacha Germain
- Eating Disorders Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
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Bailly M, Boscaro A, Pereira B, Féasson L, Boirie Y, Germain N, Galusca B, Courteix D, Thivel D, Verney J. Is constitutional thinness really different from anorexia nervosa? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:913-971. [PMID: 33929658 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A growing interest in constitutional thinness has been observed in the last decades, but the publications however cover various fields of study and report equivocal results. The present work systematically reviewed any clinical trials enrolling participants with constitutional thinness and bibliographic researches were performed between December 2018 and June 2020. From a total of 1 212 records initially identified, 402 records were removed as duplicates, 381 articles were excluded based on titles or abstracts and 390 references were excluded against eligibility criteria. Thirty-nine articles were finally included in the systematic review. The results showed that constitutionally thin people seem to be underweight but not underfat and present a fat-free mass as blunted as anorexic patients, despite being a little less underweight. The meta-analysis confirmed that constitutionally thin people present normal energy intake and revealed a trend toward a higher resting metabolic rate to fat-free mass ratio which suggests a highly metabolic fat-free mass. Contrary to patients with anorexia nervosa, constitutionally thin people present normal levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, estradiol, growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. An intermediate level of leptin between anorexic and control participants was however observed in constitutional thinness. While all the studies reported normal free triiodothyronine and cortisol levels in constitutionally thin individuals, a higher fasting free triiodothyronine level (p = 0.033) and a lower 24 h mean cortisol level (p = 0.005) were observed for the first time. Present results give robust evidence that constitutionally thin people present an atypical phenotype highly different from anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Bailly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Audrey Boscaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, Délégation À La Recherche Clinique Et À L'Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM) EA 7424, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Human Nutrition, G. Montpied Hospital, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRAE, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Natacha Germain
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julien Verney
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Bailly M, Boscaro A, Pereira B, Courteix D, Germain N, Galusca B, Boirie Y, Thivel D, Verney J. Underweight but not underfat: is fat-free mass a key factor in constitutionally thin women? Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1764-70. [PMID: 33772214 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Constitutional thinness is defined as a state of severe underweight with a body mass index similar to anorectic patients (BMI < 17.5 kg/m2), in the absence of any eating disorders or other obvious disruptive factors impacting energy balance. The analysis of body composition is essential as a first approach to characterize constitutional thinness and might help identify new discriminating differences between constitutional thinness and anorexia nervosa. A meta-analytical approach was performed to compare body composition of constitutionally thin, anorectic, and normal-weight subjects from all available studies found in the literature. The statistical analysis was carried out on large sample sizes: n = 205 females with constitutional thinness, n = 228 normal-weight control females, and n = 258 females with anorexia nervosa. Despite being as underweight as anorectic patients, constitutionally thin participants paradoxically presented higher percentages of fat mass than anorectic patients (18.9% vs. 11.4%, respectively; SMD [95% CI]: 1.62 [1.16; 2.08]), even found in the normal healthy ranges. Constitutionally thin people, however, display as low fat-free mass as anorectic patients. These observations question the use of high-fat diets in this population and bring new insights for nutrition and/or training strategies directed toward muscle mass gain. The present results give new elements to further distinguish constitutional thinness from anorexia nervosa and reinforce the need to better investigate the atypical phenotype of constitutional thinness.
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11
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Zhu Q, An YA, Scherer PE. Mitochondrial regulation and white adipose tissue homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:351-364. [PMID: 34810062 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The important role of mitochondria in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and energy balance is increasingly appreciated. The remarkable heterogeneity of the adipose tissue stroma provides a cellular basis to enable adipose tissue plasticity in response to various metabolic stimuli. Regulating mitochondrial function at the cellular level in adipocytes, in adipose progenitor cells (APCs), and in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) has a profound impact on adipose homeostasis. Moreover, mitochondria facilitate the cell-to-cell communication within WAT, as well as the crosstalk with other organs, such as the liver, the heart, and the pancreas. A better understanding of mitochondrial regulation in the diverse adipose tissue cell types allows us to develop more specific and efficient approaches to improve adipose function and achieve improvements in overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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12
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Löffler MC, Betz MJ, Blondin DP, Augustin R, Sharma AK, Tseng YH, Scheele C, Zimdahl H, Mark M, Hennige AM, Wolfrum C, Langhans W, Hamilton BS, Neubauer H. Challenges in tackling energy expenditure as obesity therapy: From preclinical models to clinical application. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101237. [PMID: 33878401 PMCID: PMC8122111 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure results in excess fat storage. The obesity often caused by this overweight is detrimental to the health of millions of people. Understanding both sides of the energy balance equation and their counter-regulatory mechanisms is critical to the development of effective therapies to treat this epidemic. SCOPE OF REVIEW Behaviors surrounding ingestion have been reviewed extensively. This review focuses more specifically on energy expenditure regarding bodyweight control, with a particular emphasis on the organs and attractive metabolic processes known to reduce bodyweight. Moreover, previous and current attempts at anti-obesity strategies focusing on energy expenditure are highlighted. Precise measurements of energy expenditure, which consist of cellular, animal, and human models, as well as measurements of their translatability, are required to provide the most effective therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A precise understanding of the components surrounding energy expenditure, including tailored approaches based on genetic, biomarker, or physical characteristics, must be integrated into future anti-obesity treatments. Further comprehensive investigations are required to define suitable treatments, especially because the complex nature of the human perspective remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona C Löffler
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Augustin
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anand K Sharma
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike Zimdahl
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Michael Mark
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anita M Hennige
- Therapeutic Area CardioMetabolism & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bradford S Hamilton
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
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13
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Bailly M, Germain N, Galusca B, Courteix D, Thivel D, Verney J. Invited Letter to Editor in response to: Constitutional thinness: body fat metabolism and skeletal muscle are important factors. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:999-1000. [PMID: 32539896 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Lund J, Gerhart-Hines Z, Clemmensen C. Role of Energy Excretion in Human Body Weight Regulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:705-708. [PMID: 32674987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Food intake and energy expenditure are the typical determinants of body weight. Yet, recent observations underscore that a third and often-neglected factor, fecal energy loss, can influence energy balance. Here, we explore how macronutrient excretion modulates human energy homeostasis and highlight its potential impact on the propensity to gain weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Orthofer M, Valsesia A, Mägi R, Wang QP, Kaczanowska J, Kozieradzki I, Leopoldi A, Cikes D, Zopf LM, Tretiakov EO, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Boehm A, Ticevic M, Nõukas M, Jais A, Spirk K, Clark T, Amann S, Lepamets M, Neumayr C, Arnold C, Dou Z, Kuhn V, Novatchkova M, Cronin SJF, Tietge UJF, Müller S, Pospisilik JA, Nagy V, Hui CC, Lazovic J, Esterbauer H, Hagelkruys A, Tancevski I, Kiefer FW, Harkany T, Haubensak W, Neely GG, Metspalu A, Hager J, Gheldof N, Penninger JM. Identification of ALK in Thinness. Cell 2020; 181:1246-1262.e22. [PMID: 32442405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to weight gain despite an equally obesogenic environment in large parts of the world. Whereas many studies have focused on identifying the genetic susceptibility to obesity, we performed a GWAS on metabolically healthy thin individuals (lowest 6th percentile of the population-wide BMI spectrum) in a uniquely phenotyped Estonian cohort. We discovered anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a candidate thinness gene. In Drosophila, RNAi mediated knockdown of Alk led to decreased triglyceride levels. In mice, genetic deletion of Alk resulted in thin animals with marked resistance to diet- and leptin-mutation-induced obesity. Mechanistically, we found that ALK expression in hypothalamic neurons controls energy expenditure via sympathetic control of adipose tissue lipolysis. Our genetic and mechanistic experiments identify ALK as a thinness gene, which is involved in the resistance to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Orthofer
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexandra Leopoldi
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Lydia M Zopf
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Melita Ticevic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Margit Nõukas
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Teleri Clark
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maarja Lepamets
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Cosmas Arnold
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Zhengchao Dou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | - Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria; Section for Chemical Neurotransmission, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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16
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Bailly M, Germain N, Féasson L, Costes F, Estour B, Hourdé C, N Merlet A, Thomas T, Hager J, Pereira B, Thivel D, Courteix D, Galusca B, Verney J. Skeletal muscle of females and males with constitutional thinness: a low intramuscular lipid content and oxidative profile. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1287-1298. [PMID: 32479741 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Constitutional thinness (CT) is a nonpathological state of underweight. The current study aimed to explore skeletal muscle energy storage in individuals with CT and to further characterize muscle phenotype at baseline and in response to overfeeding. Thirty subjects with CT (15 females, 15 males) and 31 normal-weight control subjects (16 females, 15 males) participated in the study. Histological and enzymological analyses were performed on muscle biopsy specimens before and after overfeeding. In the skeletal muscle of CT participants compared with controls, we observed a lower content of intramuscular triglycerides for type I (-17%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (-14%, p < 0.05) muscle fibers, a lower glycogen content for type I (-6%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (-5%, p < 0.05) muscle fibers, a specific fiber-type distribution, a marked muscle hypotrophy (-20%, p < 0.001), a low capillary-to-fiber ratio (-19%, p < 0.001), and low citrate synthase activity (-18%, p < 0.05). In response to overfeeding, CT participants increased their intramuscular triglycerides content in type I (+10%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (+9%, p < 0.01) muscle fibers. CT individuals seem to present an unusual muscle phenotype and different adaptations to overfeeding compared with normal-weight individuals, suggesting a specific energy metabolism and muscle adaptations. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02004821. Novelty Low intramuscular triglycerides and glycogen content in skeletal muscle of constitutionally thin individuals. Low oxidative capacity, low capillary supply, and fiber hypotrophy in skeletal muscle of constitutionally thin individuals. Increase in intramuscular triglycerides in constitutional thinness in response to overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Bailly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France.,Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne 42000, France
| | - Natacha Germain
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne 42000, France.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU Saint-Étienne 42000, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM) EA 7424, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne 42000, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand 63000 France
| | - Bruno Estour
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne 42000, France.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU Saint-Étienne 42000, France
| | - Christophe Hourdé
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM) EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, Chambéry 73000, France
| | - Angèle N Merlet
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM) EA 7424, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne 42000, France
| | - Thierry Thomas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord, CHU Saint-Etienne, France.,INSERM U1059, University of Lyon-Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne 42000, France
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne 42000, France.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU Saint-Étienne 42000, France
| | - Julien Verney
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
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17
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Perez RG. Editorial: The Protein Alpha-Synuclein: Its Normal Role (in Neurons) and Its Role in Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:116. [PMID: 32153354 PMCID: PMC7044239 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth G Perez
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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18
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Abstract
Human biology has evolved to keep body fat within a range that supports survival. During the last 25 years, obesity biologists have uncovered key aspects of physiology that prevent fat mass from becoming too low. In contrast, the mechanisms that counteract excessive adipose expansion are largely unknown. Evidence dating back to the 1950s suggests the existence of a blood-borne molecule that defends against weight gain. In this article, we discuss the research supporting an "unidentified factor of overfeeding" and models that explain its role in body weight control. If it exists, revealing the identity of this factor could end a long-lasting enigma of energy balance regulation and facilitate a much-needed breakthrough in the pharmacological treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Morville
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Di Somma M, Schaafsma W, Grillo E, Vliora M, Dakou E, Corsini M, Ravelli C, Ronca R, Sakellariou P, Vanparijs J, Castro B, Mitola S. Natural Histogel-Based Bio-Scaffolds for Sustaining Angiogenesis in Beige Adipose Tissue. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111457. [PMID: 31752157 PMCID: PMC6912328 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of obesity and its related disorders, one of the measures adopted is weight reduction by controlling nutrition and increasing physical activity. A valid alternative to restore the physiological function of the human body could be the increase of energy consumption by inducing the browning of adipose tissue. To this purpose, we tested the ability of Histogel, a natural mixture of glycosaminoglycans isolated from animal Wharton jelly, to sustain the differentiation of adipose derived mesenchymal cells (ADSCs) into brown-like cells expressing UCP-1. Differentiated cells show a higher energy metabolism compared to undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, Histogel acts as a pro-angiogenic matrix, induces endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting in a three-dimensional gel in vitro, and stimulates neovascularization when applied in vivo on top of the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane or injected subcutaneously in mice. In addition to the pro-angiogenic activity of Histogel, also the ADSC derived beige cells contribute to activating endothelial cells. These data led us to propose Histogel as a promising scaffold for the modulation of the thermogenic behavior of adipose tissue. Indeed, Histogel simultaneously supports the acquisition of brown tissue markers and activates the vasculature process necessary for the correct function of the thermogenic tissue. Thus, Histogel represents a valid candidate for the development of bioscaffolds to increase the amount of brown adipose tissue in patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Di Somma
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.D.S.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (C.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Wandert Schaafsma
- Histocell, S.L.Parque Tecnológico 801A, 2o 48160 Derio—BIZKAIA, Spain; (W.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.D.S.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (C.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Maria Vliora
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.D.S.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (C.R.); (R.R.)
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, 38221 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Eleni Dakou
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.D.S.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (C.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.D.S.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (C.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.D.S.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (C.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Paraskevi Sakellariou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, 38221 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Jef Vanparijs
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Begona Castro
- Histocell, S.L.Parque Tecnológico 801A, 2o 48160 Derio—BIZKAIA, Spain; (W.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.D.S.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (M.C.); (C.R.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence:
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