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Yang C, Liao C, Zhao J, Guan Q, Wang G, Han Q. Dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism and distortion of cell signaling after oral exposure to ethanol and Kynurenic acid. Gene 2023; 852:147061. [PMID: 36423775 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an unavoidable tryptophan metabolite during fermentation is naturally blended with alcohol in all alcoholic beverages. Thus, alcohol drinking inevitably results in co-intake of KYNA. Effects of alcohol or KYNA on human health have been widely studied. However, the combined effects of both remain unknown. Here we report that alcohol and KYNA have a synergistic impact of on global gene expression, especially the gene sets related to tryptophan metabolism and cell signaling. Adult mice were exposed to alcohol (ethanol) and/or KYNA daily for a week. Transcriptomes of the brain, kidney and liver were profiled via bulk RNA sequencing. Results indicate that while KYNA alone largely promotes, and alcohol alone mostly inhibits gene expression, alcohol and KYNA co-administration has a stronger inhibition of global gene expression. Tryptophan metabolism is severely skewed towards kynurenine pathway by decreasing tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and increasing tryptophan dioxygenase. Quantification of tryptophan metabolic enzymes corroborates the transcriptional changes of these enzymes. Furthermore, the co-administration greatly enhances the GnRH signaling pathway. This research provides critical data to better understand the effects of alcohol and KYNA in mix on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Yang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Chenghong Liao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Qingfeng Guan
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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Vidal R, García-Marchena N, O'Shea E, Requena-Ocaña N, Flores-López M, Araos P, Serrano A, Suárez J, Rubio G, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Colado MI, Pavón FJ. Plasma tryptophan and kynurenine pathway metabolites in abstinent patients with alcohol use disorder and high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109958. [PMID: 32360814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism has been linked to drug exposure and mental disorders. However, most of studies have been performed without considering the co-occurrence of both disorders in the context of addiction. This cross-sectional study examines TRP metabolism through the serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine (KYN) pathways in subjects with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS For this purpose, male and female abstinent AUD patients (N = 130) and healthy controls (N = 80) were clinically evaluated for substance use and mental disorders, and blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of TRP, 5-HT, KYN and kynurenic acid (KA) using high performance liquid chromatography. Clinical and biochemical variables were analyzed for potential associations considering AUD, psychiatric comorbidity and sex. RESULTS TRP concentrations were significantly associated with an interaction effect between AUD diagnosis and sex (p < .01): TRP concentrations were lower in male AUD patients but higher in female AUD patients compared with their controls. KYN and KA concentrations were significantly associated with AUD diagnosis (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). Thus, AUD patients showed significantly higher KYN concentrations and lower KA concentrations than controls. Regarding 5-HT concentrations, there were sex differences in the alcohol group (p < .05) and female AUD patients showed lower 5-HT concentrations than male AUD patients. Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect between psychiatric comorbidity and sex on TRP concentrations in the alcohol group (p < .01). Whereas male patients with both comorbid substance use and mental disorders showed lower TRP concentrations than male non-comorbid patients, female patients with comorbid mental disorders showed higher TRP concentrations than female non-comorbid patients. CONCLUSION While alterations in the KYN pathway appear to be directly associated with a history of AUD, altered TRP concentrations are associated with the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Finally, sex differences in TRP metabolism must be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Vidal
- Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Marchena
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Adicciones, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Esther O'Shea
- Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Requena-Ocaña
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Flores-López
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Araos
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Isabel Colado
- Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Unidad Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Bernier M, Harney D, Koay YC, Diaz A, Singh A, Wahl D, Pulpitel T, Ali A, Guiterrez V, Mitchell SJ, Kim EY, Mach J, Price NL, Aon MA, LeCouteur DG, Cogger VC, Fernandez-Hernando C, O’Sullivan J, Larance M, Cuervo AM, de Cabo R. Elucidating the mechanisms by which disulfiram protects against obesity and metabolic syndrome. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:8. [PMID: 32714562 PMCID: PMC7374720 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need and urgency to find safe and effective anti-obesity interventions. Our recent study in mice fed on obesogenic diet found that treatment with the alcohol aversive drug disulfiram reduced feeding efficiency and led to a decrease in body weight and an increase in energy expenditure. The intervention with disulfiram improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and mitigated metabolic dysfunctions in various organs through poorly defined mechanisms. Here, integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from mouse and rat livers unveiled comparable signatures in response to disulfiram, revealing pathways associated with lipid and energy metabolism, redox, and detoxification. In cell culture, disulfiram was found to be a potent activator of autophagy, the malfunctioning of which has negative consequences on metabolic regulation. Thus, repurposing disulfiram may represent a potent strategy to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Dylan Harney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042 Australia
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461 USA
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Devin Wahl
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Vince Guiterrez
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Sarah J. Mitchell
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806 Republic of Korea
| | - John Mach
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2064 Australia
| | - Nathan L. Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Miguel A. Aon
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - David G. LeCouteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Victoria C. Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - John O’Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042 Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461 USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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Lu Y, Shao M, Wu T. Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase: A new direction for the treatment in different diseases. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:711-719. [PMID: 32148781 PMCID: PMC7020307 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) is an enzyme that relies on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), a key site in the kynurenine pathway (KP), which has great effects on neurological diseases, cancer, and peripheral inflammation. This review mainly pay attention to the research of KMO mechanism for the treatment of different diseases, and hopes to provide assistance for clinical and drug use. KMO controlling the chief division of the KP, which directly controls downstream product quinolinic acid (QUIN) and indirectly controls kynurenic acid (KYNA), plays an important role in many diseases, especially neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingmei Shao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Djuric A, Begic A, Gobeljic B, Pantelic A, Zebic G, Stevanovic I, Djurdjevic D, Ninkovic M, Prokic V, Stanojevic I, Vojvodic D, Djukic M. Subacute alcohol and/or disulfiram intake affects bioelements and redox status in rat testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:44-51. [PMID: 28344087 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate if alcohol and disulfiram (DSF) individually and in combination affect bioelements' and red-ox homeostasis in testes of the exposed rats. The animals were divided into groups according to the duration of treatments (21 and/or 42 days): C21/C42 groups (controls); OL21 and OL22-42 groups (0.5 mL olive oil intake); A1-21 groups (3 mL 20% ethanol intake); DSF1-21 groups (178.5 mg DSF/kg/day intake); and A21+DSF22-42 groups (the DSF ingestion followed previous 21 days' treatment with alcohol). The measured parameters in testes included metals: zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and selenium (Se); as well as oxidative stress (OS) parameters: superoxide anion radical (O2•-), glutathione reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition and activities of total superoxide dismutase (tSOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). Metal status was changed in all experimental groups (Fe rose, Zn fell, while Cu increased in A21+DSF24-32 groups). Development of OS was demonstrated in A1-21 groups, but not in DSF1-21 groups. In A21+DSF22-42 groups, OS was partially reduced compared to A groups (A1-21>MDA>C; A1-21<GSH<C). High metal-binding affinity of DSF/DDTC changes red-ox homeostasis in rat testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Djuric
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aida Begic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Borko Gobeljic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Pantelic
- Department for Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Zebic
- Department for Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djurdjevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Prokic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Djukic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Begic A, Djuric A, Ninkovic M, Stevanovic I, Djurdjevic D, Pavlovic M, Jelic K, Pantelic A, Zebic G, Dejanovic B, Stanojevic I, Vojvodic D, Milosavljevic P, Djukic M, Saso L. Disulfiram moderately restores impaired hepatic redox status of rats subchronically exposed to cadmium. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:478-489. [PMID: 28102089 PMCID: PMC6010100 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1261132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Examination of cadmium (Cd) toxicity and disulfiram (DSF) effect on liver was focused on oxidative stress (OS), bioelements status, morphological and functional changes. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 1 mg CdCl2/kg BW/day; orally with 178.5 mg DSF/kg BW/day for 1, 3, 10 and 21 days; and co-exposed from 22nd to 42nd day. The co-exposure nearly restored previously suppressed total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; increased previously reduced glutathione reductase (GR) and total glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities; reduced previously increased superoxide anion radical (O2·−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; increased zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), and decreased copper (Cu) (yet above control value), while magnesium (Mg) was not affected; and decreased serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT) levels. Histopathological examination showed signs of inflammation process as previously demonstrated by exposure to Cd. Overall, we ascertained partial liver redox status improvement, compared with the formerly Cd-induced impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Begic
- a Department for Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ana Djuric
- a Department for Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- b Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- b Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dragan Djurdjevic
- b Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milos Pavlovic
- c Department for Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinarian Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Katarina Jelic
- d Department for Pathology and Forensic Medicine , Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ana Pantelic
- e Department for Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Goran Zebic
- f Department for Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | - Ivan Stanojevic
- b Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- b Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Petar Milosavljevic
- b Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Mirjana Djukic
- a Department for Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Luciano Saso
- h Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
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Badawy AA. Kynurenic acid and alcohol and cocaine dependence: novel effects and multiple mechanisms? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:169-71. [PMID: 27885412 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Badawy AAB, Bano S. Tryptophan Metabolism in Rat Liver After Administration of Tryptophan, Kynurenine Metabolites, and Kynureninase Inhibitors. Int J Tryptophan Res 2016; 9:51-65. [PMID: 27547037 PMCID: PMC4982523 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s38190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat liver tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine pathway metabolites, and enzymes deduced from product/substrate ratios were assessed following acute and/or chronic administration of kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), Trp, and the kynureni-nase inhibitors benserazide (BSZ) and carbidopa (CBD). KA activated Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), possibly by increasing liver 3-HAA, but inhibited kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynureninase activities with 3-HK as substrate. 3-HK inhibited kynureninase activity from 3-HK. 3-HAA stimulated TDO, but inhibited kynureninase activity from K and 3-HK. Trp (50 mg/kg) increased kynurenine metabolite concentrations and KAT from K, and exerted a temporary stimulation of TDO. The kynureninase inhibitors BSZ and CBD also inhibited KAT, but stimulated TDO. BSZ abolished or strongly inhibited the Trp-induced increases in liver Trp and kynurenine metabolites. The potential effects of these changes in conditions of immune activation, schizophrenia, and other disease states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A-B Badawy
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Samina Bano
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.; Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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