1
|
Gumpper-Fedus K, Crowe O, Hart PA, Pita-Grisanti V, Velez-Bonet E, Belury MA, Ramsey ML, Cole RM, Badi N, Culp S, Hinton A, Lara LF, Krishna SG, Conwell DL, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Differences in Plasma Fatty Acid Composition Related to Chronic Pancreatitis: A Pilot Study. Pancreas 2024:00006676-990000000-00130. [PMID: 38530954 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease affecting the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients. Signaling in pancreatic cells that lead to inflammation may be influenced by fatty acids (FAs) through diet and de novo lipogenesis. Here, we investigated the relationship between plasma FA composition in CP with heterogeneity of etiology and complications of CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood and clinical parameters were collected from subjects with CP (n = 47) and controls (n = 22). Plasma was analyzed for FA composition using gas chromatography and compared between controls and CP and within CP. RESULTS Palmitic acid increased, and linoleic acid decreased in CP compared with controls. Correlations between age or body mass index and FAs are altered in CP compared with controls. Diabetes, pancreatic calcifications, and substance usage, but not exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, were associated with differences in oleic acid and linoleic acid relative abundance in CP. De novo lipogenesis index was increased in the plasma of subjects with CP compared with controls and in calcific CP compared with noncalcific CP. CONCLUSIONS Fatty acids that are markers of de novo lipogenesis and linoleic acid are dysregulated in CP depending on the etiology or complication. These results enhance our understanding of CP and highlight potential pathways targeting FAs for treating CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University
| | - Mitchell L Ramsey
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University
| | | | | | - Alice Hinton
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Heath, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Luis F Lara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Darwin L Conwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao Y, Quan Y. Associations between dietary fatty acids intake and abdominal aortic calcification: a national population-based study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:73. [PMID: 38461250 PMCID: PMC10924990 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a crucial indicator of cardiovascular health. This study aims investigates the associations between dietary fatty acid intake and AAC. METHODS In this study, a cross-sectional assessment was performed on a group of 2,897 individuals aged 40 and above, utilizing data from the NHANES. The focus was on examining dietary consumption of various fatty acids, including Saturated (SFA), Monounsaturated (MUFA), Polyunsaturated (PUFA), as well as Omega-3 and Omega-6. The evaluation of AAC was done by applying the Kauppila AAC score to results obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. For statistical analysis, weighted multivariate linear and logistic regression were employed, with adjustments for variables like gender, age, ethnicity, and overall health condition. RESULTS Participants with higher intake of SFA and PUFA showed a positive association with AAC score, while higher levels of dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids was connected with a negative correlation. Subgroup analyses indicated consistent associations across different sexes and age groups. The study found that an increase in SFA and PUFA intake correlated with an increase in AAC score, whereas Omega-3 and Omega-6 intake correlated with a decrease. CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of dietary fatty acid composition in the prevalence of AAC and its potential implications for dietary guidelines and cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yingping Quan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Leng X, Liu S, Zeng Z, Huang F, Huang R, Zou Y, Xu Y. Association between dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among hypertensive adults: Results from NHANES 1999-2018. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2434-2442. [PMID: 37871484 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive adults are at a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N3-PUFA) intake has been associated with cardiovascular benefits. However, few studies have specifically investigated whether dietary intake of N3-PUFA is associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among hypertensive adults in the U.S. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 26,914 hypertensive individuals 18 years or older who participated in 10 NHANES cycles from 1999 to 2018. Dietary levels of N3-PUFA were obtained from the 24-hour dietary recalls. The dietary data were linked to mortality records from the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. The associations between dietary N3-PUFA levels and mortality were evaluated by constructing the Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards models. RESULTS We observed an increasing trend of dietary N3-PUFA intake levels over the years, mainly driven by alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Lower all-cause mortality risk was observed among hypertensive adults with higher consumption of total N3-PUFA [adjusted hazards ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.91 (0.86, 0.97)], plant-based ALA [0.88 (0.83, 0.93)], fish oil-based eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [0.91 (0.83, 0.99)], EPA [0.93 (0.88, 0.98)], docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) [0.73 (0.58, 0.91)], or DHA [0.95 (0.90, 0.99)]. Hypertensive adults were at lower risk of cardiovascular mortality if their diet contained higher levels of total N3-PUFA [0.68 (0.53, 0.88)], ALA [0.89 (0.80, 0.99)], EPA [0.87 (0.79, 0.97)] or DPA [0.86 (0.78, 0.95)]. Weighted quantile sum analysis showed that ALA, EPA, and DPA were the main contributors of the N3-PUFA benefits against mortality among hypertensive adults. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake of N3-PUFA, particularly ALA, EPA, and DPA, was associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among U.S. hypertensive adults. These findings suggest that increasing dietary intake of N3-PUFA may serve as a potential strategy to lower hypertension-associated mortality risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ziqi Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Department of Medical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Rongjie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Yunan Xu
- Department of Medical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gumpper-Fedus K, Crowe O, Hart PA, Pita-Grisanti V, Velez-Bonet E, Belury MA, Ramsey M, Cole RM, Badi N, Culp S, Hinton A, Lara L, Krishna SG, Conwell DL, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Changes in Plasma Fatty Acid Abundance Related to Chronic Pancreatitis: A Pilot Study. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.05.522899. [PMID: 36711757 PMCID: PMC9881940 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease that affects the absorption of nutrients like fats. Molecular signaling in pancreatic cells can be influenced by fatty acids (FAs) and changes in FA abundance could impact CP-associated complications. Here, we investigated FA abundance in CP compared to controls and explored how CP-associated complications and risk factors affect FA abundance. Methods Blood and clinical parameters were collected from subjects with (n=47) and without CP (n=22). Plasma was analyzed for relative FA abundance using gas chromatography and compared between controls and CP. Changes in FA abundance due to clinical parameters were also assessed in both groups. Results Decreased relative abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were observed in subjects with CP in a sex-dependent manner. The relative abundance of linoleic acid increased, and oleic acid decreased in CP subjects with exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and a history of substance abuse. Conclusions Plasma FAs like linoleic acid are dysregulated in CP in a sex-dependent manner. Additionally, risk factors and metabolic dysfunction further dysregulate FA abundance in CP. These results enhance our understanding of CP and highlight potential novel targets and metabolism-related pathways for treating CP.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jo S, Harris WS, Tintle NL, Park Y. Association between Omega-3 Index and Hyperglycemia Depending on Body Mass Index among Adults in the United States. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36297090 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is inconsistency regarding the association between long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the Omega-3 Index (erythrocyte EPA + DHA) and glycemic status as a function of body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional data from routine clinical laboratory testing with a total of 100,572 people aged over 18 years and BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 were included. Of the patients, 10% were hyperglycemic (fasting plasma glucose levels ≥ 126 mg/dL) and 24.7% were of normal weight, 35.0% were overweight, and 40.3% were obese. Odds ratios (ORs) of being hyperglycemic were inversely associated with the Omega-3 Index, but weakened as BMI increased. Thus, ORs (95% CI) comparing quintile 5 with quintile 1 were 0.54 (0.44-0.66) in the normal weight group, 0.70 (0.61-0.79) in the overweight group, and 0.74 (0.67-0.81) in the obese group. Similar patterns were seen for EPA and DHA separately. The present study suggested that a low Omega-3 Index is associated with a greater risk of disordered glucose metabolism and this is independent of BMI.
Collapse
|
6
|
Koeder C, Perez-Cueto FJA. Vegan nutrition: a preliminary guide for health professionals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:670-707. [PMID: 35959711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Messina M, Shearer G, Petersen K. Soybean oil lowers circulating cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease risk, and has no effect on markers of inflammation and oxidation. Nutrition 2021; 89:111343. [PMID: 34171740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To reduce risk of coronary heart disease, replacement of saturated fats (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) is recommended. Strong and concordant evidence supports this recommendation, but controversy remains. Some observational studies have reported no association between SFAs and coronary heart disease, likely because of failure to account for the macronutrient replacing SFAs, which determines the direction and strength of the observed associations. Controversy also persists about whether ω-6 (nω-6) PUFA or a high dietary ratio of nω-6 to ω-3 (nω-3) fatty acids leads to proinflammatory and pro-oxidative states. These issues are relevant to soybean oil, which is the leading edible oil consumed globally and in the United States. Soybean oil accounts for over 40% of the US intake of both essential fatty acids. We reviewed clinical and epidemiologic literature to determine the effects of soybean oil on cholesterol levels, inflammation, and oxidation. Clinical evidence indicates that soybean oil does not affect inflammatory biomarkers, nor does it increase oxidative stress. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that when dietary SFAs are replaced with soybean oil, blood cholesterol levels are lowered. Regarding the nω-6:nω-3 dietary ratio, health agencies have consistently rejected the importance of this ratio, instead emphasizing the importance of consuming sufficient amounts of each type of fat. Thus, several lines of evidence indicate that soybean oil can positively contribute to overall health and reduction of risk of coronary heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., Pittsfield, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Gregory Shearer
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristina Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|