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Diep AN, Schyns J, Gourzones C, Goffin E, Papadopoulos I, Moges S, Minner F, Ek O, Bonhomme G, Paridans M, Gillain N, Husson E, Garigliany M, Darcis G, Saegerman C, Desmecht D, Guillaume M, A F D, Bureau F, Gillet L. How do successive vaccinations and SARS-CoV-2 infections impact humoral immunity dynamics: An 18-month longitudinal study. J Infect 2024; 88:183-186. [PMID: 37981216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A N Diep
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center - Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - J Schyns
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium; COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - C Gourzones
- COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E Goffin
- COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - I Papadopoulos
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center - Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - S Moges
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center - Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Minner
- COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - O Ek
- COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - G Bonhomme
- Department of Pathology, FARAH, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Paridans
- From Biostatistics to Health Promotion Research Unit, Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - N Gillain
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center - Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium; From Biostatistics to Health Promotion Research Unit, Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E Husson
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center - Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium; From Biostatistics to Health Promotion Research Unit, Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Garigliany
- Department of Pathology, FARAH, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - G Darcis
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - C Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to Veterinary Sciences, FARAH, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - D Desmecht
- Department of Pathology, FARAH, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Guillaume
- From Biostatistics to Health Promotion Research Unit, Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Donneau A F
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center - Public Health Department, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium; COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - L Gillet
- COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Molnár GA, Vokó Z, Sütő G, Rokszin G, Nagy D, Surján G, Surján O, Nagy P, Kenessey I, Wéber A, Pálosi M, Müller C, Kásler M, Wittmann I, Kiss Z. Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 primary vaccines and boosters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hungary (HUN-VE 4 Study). BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003777. [PMID: 38267204 PMCID: PMC10823926 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection and is associated with increased risk of complications. The present study aimed to investigate effectiveness and persistence of different COVID vaccines in persons with or without diabetes during the Delta wave in Hungary. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data sources were the national COVID-19 registry data from the National Public Health Center and the National Health Insurance Fund on the total Hungarian population. The adjusted incidence rate ratios and corresponding 95% CIs were derived from a mixed-effect negative binomial regression model. RESULTS A population of 672 240 cases with type 2 diabetes and a control group of 2 974 102 non-diabetic persons free from chronic diseases participated. Unvaccinated elderly persons with diabetes had 2.68 (95% CI 2.47 to 2.91) times higher COVID-19-related mortality rate as the 'healthy' controls. Primary immunization effectively equalized the risk of COVID-19 mortality between the two groups. Vaccine effectiveness declined over time, but the booster restored the effectiveness against mortality to over 90%. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness of the primary Pfizer-BioNTech against infection in the 14-120 days of postvaccination period was 71.6 (95% CI 66.3 to 76.1)% in patients aged 65-100 years with type 2 diabetes and 64.52 (95% CI 59.2 to 69.2)% in the controls. Overall, the effectiveness tended to be higher in individuals with diabetes than in controls. The booster vaccines could restore vaccine effectiveness to over 80% concerning risk of infection (eg, patients with diabetes aged 65-100 years: 89.1 (88.1-89.9)% with Pfizer-on-Pfizer, controls 65-100 years old: 86.9 (85.8-88.0)% with Pfizer-on-Pfizer, or patients with diabetes aged 65-100 years: 88.3 (87.2-89.2)% with Pfizer-on-Sinopharm, controls 65-100 years old: 87.8 (86.8-88.7)% with Pfizer-on-Sinopharm). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that people with type 2 diabetes may have even higher health gain when getting vaccinated as compared with non-diabetic persons, eliminating the marked, COVID-19-related excess risk of this population. Boosters could restore protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő A Molnár
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Vokó
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sütő
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Dávid Nagy
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Surján
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Surján
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Oncochemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kenessey
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Wéber
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Cecília Müller
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kásler
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Central-Eastern European Academy of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Wittmann
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kiss
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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3
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Holdenrieder S, Dos Santos Ferreira CE, Izopet J, Theel ES, Wieser A. Clinical and laboratory considerations: determining an antibody-based composite correlate of risk for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1290402. [PMID: 38222091 PMCID: PMC10788057 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. A multi-component composite correlate of risk (CoR) could inform individuals and stakeholders about protection and aid decision making. This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or development of severe COVID-19, including variation in exposure dose, transmission route, viral genetic variation, patient factors, and vaccination status. We provide an overview of antibody dynamics to aid exploration of the specifics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We further discuss anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, sample matrices, testing formats, frequency of sampling and the optimal time point for such sampling. While the development of a composite CoR is challenging, we provide our recommendations for each of these key areas and highlight areas that require further work to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jacques Izopet
- Laboratory of Virology, Toulouse University Hospital and INFINITY Toulouse Institute for Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM UMR 1291 CNRS UMR 5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Elitza S. Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Max Von Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Munich, Germany
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4
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Li Y, Moser C, Aga E, Currier JS, Wohl DA, Daar ES, Ritz J, Greninger AL, Sieg S, Parikh UM, Coombs RW, Hughes MD, Eron JJ, Smith DM, Chew KW, Li JZ. Immune Status and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Dynamics. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S111-S116. [PMID: 37650232 PMCID: PMC10469582 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised individuals are disproportionately affected by severe coronavirus disease 2019, but immune compromise is heterogenous, and viral dynamics may vary by the degree of immunosuppression. In this study, we categorized ACTIV-2/A5401 participants based on the extent of immunocompromise into none, mild, moderate, and severe immunocompromise. Moderate/severe immunocompromise was associated with higher nasal viral load at enrollment (adjusted difference in means: 0.47 95% confidence interval, .12-.83 log10 copies/mL) and showed a trend toward higher cumulative nasal RNA levels and plasma viremia compared to nonimmunocompromised individuals. Immunosuppression leads to greater viral shedding and altered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral decay kinetics. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlee Moser
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evgenia Aga
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judith S Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - David A Wohl
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Eric S Daar
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Justin Ritz
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Scott Sieg
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Urvi M Parikh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert W Coombs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Michael D Hughes
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph J Eron
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Davey M Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kara W Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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5
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Invernizzi A, Renzetti S, van Thriel C, Rechtman E, Patrono A, Ambrosi C, Mascaro L, Cagna G, Gasparotti R, Reichenberg A, Tang CY, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Placidi D, Horton MK. Covid-19 related cognitive, structural and functional brain changes among Italian adolescents and young adults: a multimodal longitudinal case-control study. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.19.23292909. [PMID: 37503251 PMCID: PMC10371098 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.23292909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with brain functional, structural, and cognitive changes that persist months after infection. Most studies of the neurologic outcomes related to COVID-19 focus on severe infection and aging populations. Here, we investigated the neural activities underlying COVID-19 related outcomes in a case-control study of mildly infected youth enrolled in a longitudinal study in Lombardy, Italy, a global hotspot of COVID-19. All participants (13 cases, 27 controls, mean age 24 years) completed resting state functional (fMRI), structural MRI, cognitive assessments (CANTAB spatial working memory) at baseline (pre-COVID) and follow-up (post-COVID). Using graph theory eigenvector centrality (EC) and data-driven statistical methods, we examined differences in ECdelta (i.e., the difference in EC values pre- and post-COVID-19) and volumetricdelta (i.e., the difference in cortical volume of cortical and subcortical areas pre- and post-COVID) between COVID-19 cases and controls. We found that ECdeltasignificantly between COVID-19 and healthy participants in five brain regions; right intracalcarine cortex, right lingual gyrus, left hippocampus, left amygdala, left frontal orbital cortex. The left hippocampus showed a significant decrease in volumetricdelta between groups (p=0.041). The reduced ECdelta in the right amygdala associated with COVID-19 status mediated the association between COVID-19 and disrupted spatial working memory. Our results show persistent structural, functional and cognitive brain changes in key brain areas associated with olfaction and cognition. These results may guide treatment efforts to assess the longevity, reversibility and impact of the observed brain and cognitive changes following COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Invernizzi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elza Rechtman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra Patrono
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ambrosi
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Cremona
| | | | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheuk Y Tang
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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He YF, Ouyang J, Hu XD, Wu N, Jiang ZG, Bian N, Wang J. Correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:892-918. [PMID: 37383586 PMCID: PMC10294060 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the current global public health threats and vaccination is the most effective tool to reduce the spread and decrease the severity of COVID-19. Diabetes is one of the important chronic diseases threatening human health and is a common comorbidity of COVID-19. What is the impact of diabetes on the immunization effect of COVID-19 vaccination? Conversely, does vaccination against COVID-19 exacerbate the severity of pre-existing diseases in patients with diabetes? There are limited and conflicting data on the interrelationship between diabetes and COVID-19 vaccination.
AIM To explore the clinical factors and possible mechanisms underlying the interaction between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes.
METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com) online databases, and medRxiv and bioRxiv gray literature using the keywords "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "vaccine", "vaccination", "antibody", and "diabetes" individually or in combination, with a cut-off date of December 2, 2022. We followed inclusion and exclusion criteria and after excluding duplicate publications, studies with quantifiable evidence were included in the full-text review, plus three manually searched publications, resulting in 54 studies being included in this review.
RESULTS A total of 54 studies were included, from 17 countries. There were no randomized controlled studies. The largest sample size was 350963. The youngest of the included samples was 5 years old and the oldest was 98 years old. The included population included the general population and also some special populations with pediatric diabetes, hemodialysis, solid organ transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. The earliest study began in November 2020. Thirty studies discussed the effect of diabetes on vaccination, with the majority indicating that diabetes reduces the response to COVID-19 vaccination. The other 24 studies were on the effect of vaccination on diabetes, which included 18 case reports/series. Most of the studies concluded that COVID-19 vaccination had a risk of causing elevated blood glucose. A total of 12 of the 54 included studies indicated a "no effect" relationship between diabetes and vaccination.
CONCLUSION There is a complex relationship between vaccination and diabetes with a bidirectional effect. Vaccination may contribute to the risk of worsening blood glucose in diabetic patients and diabetic patients may have a lower antibody response after vaccination than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei He
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Casualty Management Section, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ni Wu
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ning Bian
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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Eerike M, Sundaramurthy R, Gandham R, Sakthivadivel V, Amshala A, Priyadarshini R, Pyati AK, Patil P. Anti-spike Antibody Status in Pre-vaccinated Healthy Participants and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients During the Third Wave of COVID-19. Cureus 2023; 15:e37316. [PMID: 37181975 PMCID: PMC10167490 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-spike severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies produced after infection with the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) will offer protection and prevent re-infection for a few months. Seroprevalence studies measuring the SARS‑CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels will be helpful to know the herd immunity level that prevents community transmission. Very few studies have addressed the antibody titer among healthy participants and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The present study was conducted to determine the anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) status before COVID-19 vaccination in healthy participants and RA patients. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to estimate the serum anti-spike antibody levels against COVID-19 among the pre-vaccinated healthy participants and patients with RA during the third wave of COVID-19. After receiving written informed consent, participants were recruited as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details, co-morbid status, and medication details were collected. Five milliliters of blood samples were collected, and anti-spike antibodies were estimated. The SARS-CoV-2 Ab positivity rate was expressed in percentage and was correlated with gender and age groups. Ab-positive participants were classified into three categories based on the neutralizing antibody titers (NAT). Results A total of 58 participants (49 healthy volunteers and nine RA patients) were recruited. Out of 58 participants, 40 were males, nine were females among healthy participants, and one male and eight females in the RA group were enrolled. Among the RA patients, one participant was found to have the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and two participants with hypothyroidism. Antibody positivity was found to be 83.6% among the healthy volunteers and 100% in the RA patients. About 48% had NAT between 50 and 90%. There was no significant difference for age and gender-specific positivity for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and neutralizing antibody titers among healthy participants. Conclusion Our study showed 84% positivity for anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibodies around the third wave (between November 2021 and February 2022). The majority had high neutralizing antibody titers. The probable reason for the SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity before vaccination was either asymptomatic infection or herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Eerike
- Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, IND
| | - Raja Sundaramurthy
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, IND
| | - Ravi Gandham
- Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, IND
| | | | - Aravind Amshala
- Pharmacy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, IND
| | - Rekha Priyadarshini
- Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, IND
| | - Anand K Pyati
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, IND
| | - Parag Patil
- Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, IND
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8
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Tsai DY, Wang CH, Schiro PG, Chen N, Tseng JY. Tracking B Cell Memory to SARS-CoV-2 Using Rare Cell Analysis System. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040735. [PMID: 37112647 PMCID: PMC10145117 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid mutations within SARS-CoV-2 are driving immune escape, highlighting the need for in-depth and routine analysis of memory B cells (MBCs) to complement the important but limited information from neutralizing antibody (nAb) studies. In this study, we collected plasma samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 35 subjects and studied the nAb titers and the number of antigen-specific memory B cells at designated time points before and after vaccination. We developed an assay to use the MiSelect R II System with a single-use microfluidic chip to directly detect the number of spike-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific MBCs in PBMCs. Our results show that the number of spike-RBD-specific MBCs detected by the MiSelect R II System is highly correlated with the level of nAbs secreted by stimulated PBMCs, even 6 months after vaccination when nAbs were generally not present in plasma. We also found antigen-specific cells recognizing Omicron spike-RBD were present in PBMCs from booster vaccination of subjects, but with a high variability in the number of B cells. The MiSelect R II System provided a direct, automated, and quantitative method to isolate and analyze subsets of rare cells for tracking cellular immunity in the context of a rapidly mutating virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yan Tsai
- MiCareo Taiwan Co., Ltd., 5F, No. 69, Ln. 77, Xing Ai Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Wang
- MiCareo Taiwan Co., Ltd., 5F, No. 69, Ln. 77, Xing Ai Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Perry G. Schiro
- MiCareo Taiwan Co., Ltd., 5F, No. 69, Ln. 77, Xing Ai Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Nathan Chen
- Adimmune Corporation, No. 3, Sec.1, Tanxing Rd., Tanzi Dist., Taichung City 427, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yu Tseng
- MiCareo Taiwan Co., Ltd., 5F, No. 69, Ln. 77, Xing Ai Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27923976
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9
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D’Onofrio L, Fogolari M, Amendolara R, Siena A, De Fata R, Davini F, Coraggio L, Mignogna C, Moretti C, Maddaloni E, Angeletti S, Buzzetti R. Reduced early response to SARS-CoV2 vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, a 6 months follow-up study: The CoVaDiab study I. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3601. [PMID: 36533777 PMCID: PMC9877797 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus worsens the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and vaccination has been the major tool for reducing the risk of hospitalisation, and mortality. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in subjects with diabetes and controls. Differences between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes and clinical determinants of vaccination response were also evaluated. METHODS 128 subjects with diabetes (60 with T1D and 62 with T2D) and 202 subjects acting as controls who completed a full vaccination cycle with two doses of mRNA vaccine were enroled. People with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were excluded. Antibodies (Ab) directed against the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated at one and 6 months after vaccination. RESULTS In the whole cohort, the Ab level was higher among women than in men (p = 0.011) and negatively correlated with age (rho = -0.155, p = 0.005). Subjects with diabetes showed decreased levels of Ab after one month compared to controls (1217[747-1887]BAU/mL vs. 1477[942-2556]BAU/mL, p = 0.002), even after correction for age and gender (p = 0.002). No difference was found between subjects with T1D and T2D. After 6 months, antibody levels significantly decreased in people with and without diabetes, with no differences between groups, although some subjects were lost at follow-up. In subjects with diabetes, only a significant correlation was found between Ab level and renal function (rho 0.190, p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Both T1D and T2D are associated with a reduced early response to vaccination. The serum concentration of Ab significantly reduced over time in both groups, highlighting the relevance of vaccination boosters independently of the presence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D’Onofrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Marta Fogolari
- Laboratory Unit of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory ScienceUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Rocco Amendolara
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Siena
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Riccardo De Fata
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Flavio Davini
- Laboratory Unit of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory ScienceUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lucia Coraggio
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Carmen Mignogna
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Laboratory Unit of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory ScienceUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
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Sourij C, Aziz F, Kojzar H, Obermayer AM, Sternad C, Müller A, Tripolt NJ, Pferschy PN, Aberer F, Schlenke P, Kleinhappl B, Stradner M, Sareban N, Moritz M, Dominguez‐Villar M, Oliver N, Steinmetz I, Sourij H. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody level decline is more pronounced after the second vaccination, but response to the third vaccination is similar in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls: The prospective COVAC-DM cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:314-318. [PMID: 36057945 PMCID: PMC9538806 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caren Sourij
- Division of CardiologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Faisal Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Harald Kojzar
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Anna M. Obermayer
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Christoph Sternad
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Alexander Müller
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Norbert J. Tripolt
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Peter N. Pferschy
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Centre for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed)GrazAustria
| | - Felix Aberer
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Barbara Kleinhappl
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Martin Stradner
- Division of Rheumatology and ImmunologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Nazanin Sareban
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Martina Moritz
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Nick Oliver
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental MedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials UnitMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
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