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Koss KM, Son T, Li C, Hao Y, Cao J, Churchward MA, Zhang ZJ, Wertheim JA, Derda R, Todd KG. Toward discovering a novel family of peptides targeting neuroinflammatory states of brain microglia and astrocytes. J Neurochem 2023:10.1111/jnc.15840. [PMID: 37171455 PMCID: PMC10640667 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are immune-derived cells critical to the development and healthy function of the brain and spinal cord, yet are implicated in the active pathology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. A range of functional phenotypes associated with the healthy brain or disease states has been suggested from in vivo work and were modeled in vitro as surveying, reactive, and primed sub-types of primary rat microglia and mixed microglia/astrocytes. It was hypothesized that the biomolecular profile of these cells undergoes a phenotypical change as well, and these functional phenotypes were explored for potential novel peptide binders using a custom 7 amino acid-presenting M13 phage library (SX7) to identify unique peptides that bind differentially to these respective cell types. Surveying glia were untreated, reactive were induced with a lipopolysaccharide treatment, recovery was modeled with a potent anti-inflammatory treatment dexamethasone, and priming was determined by subsequently challenging the cells with interferon gamma. Microglial function was profiled by determining the secretion of cytokines and nitric oxide, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. After incubation with the SX7 phage library, populations of SX7-positive microglia and/or astrocytes were collected using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, SX7 phage was amplified in Escherichia coli culture, and phage DNA was sequenced via next-generation sequencing. Binding validation was done with synthesized peptides via in-cell westerns. Fifty-eight unique peptides were discovered, and their potential functions were assessed using a basic local alignment search tool. Peptides potentially originated from proteins ranging in function from a variety of supportive glial roles, including synapse support and pruning, to inflammatory incitement including cytokine and interleukin activation, and potential regulation in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Koss
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - T Son
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - C Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Y Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - J Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- 48Hour Discovery Inc, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - M A Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Z J Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - J A Wertheim
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - R Derda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- 48Hour Discovery Inc, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - K G Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Jacquier A, Ribault S, Mendes M, Lacoste N, Risson V, Carras J, Latour P, Nadaj-Pakleza A, Stojkovic T, Schaeffer L. Expanding the phenotypic variability of MORC2 gene mutations: From Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease to late-onset pure motor neuropathy. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1898-1908. [PMID: 35904125 PMCID: PMC10087860 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MORC2 gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein involved in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Heterozygous mutations in MORC2 gene have been associated with a spectrum of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT2Z), spinal muscular atrophy-like with or without cerebellar involvement, and a developmental syndrome associated with impaired growth, craniofacial dysmorphism and axonal neuropathy (DIGFAN syndrome). Such variability in clinical manifestations associated with the increasing number of variants of unknown significance detected by next-generation sequencing constitutes a serious diagnostic challenge. Here we report the characterization of an in vitro model to evaluate the pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance based on MORC2 overexpression in a neuroblastoma cell line SH-EP or cortical neurons. Likewise, we show that MORC2 mutants affect survival and trigger apoptosis over time in SH-EP cell line. Furthermore, overexpression in primary cortical neurons increases apoptotic cell death and decreases neurite outgrowth. Altogether, these approaches establish the pathogenicity of two new variants p.Gly444Arg and p.His446Gln in three patients from two families. These new mutations in MORC2 gene are associated with autosomal dominant CMT and with adult late onset proximal motor neuropathy, further increasing the spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with MORC2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Jacquier
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, CHU de Lyon-HCL groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Shams Ribault
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - Michel Mendes
- Service de Neurologie, Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Lacoste
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Risson
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Carras
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, CHU de Lyon-HCL groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Unité fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire, CHU de Lyon-HCL groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Aleksandra Nadaj-Pakleza
- Centre de Référence des maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, CHU de Lyon-HCL groupement Est, Bron, France
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3
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Jacquier A, Risson V, Simonet T, Roussange F, Lacoste N, Ribault S, Carras J, Theuriet J, Girard E, Grosjean I, Le Goff L, Kröger S, Meltoranta J, Bauché S, Sternberg D, Fournier E, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, O’Connor E, Eymard B, Lochmüller H, Martinat C, Schaeffer L. Severe congenital myasthenic syndromes caused by agrin mutations affecting secretion by motoneurons. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:707-731. [PMID: 35948834 PMCID: PMC9468088 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are predominantly characterized by muscle weakness and fatigability and can be caused by a variety of mutations in genes required for neuromuscular junction formation and maintenance. Among them, AGRN encodes agrin, an essential synaptic protein secreted by motoneurons. We have identified severe CMS patients with uncharacterized p.R1671Q, p.R1698P and p.L1664P mutations in the LG2 domain of agrin. Overexpression in primary motoneurons cultures in vitro and in chick spinal motoneurons in vivo revealed that the mutations modified agrin trafficking, leading to its accumulation in the soma and/or in the axon. Expression of mutant agrins in cultured cells demonstrated accumulation of agrin in the endoplasmic reticulum associated with induction of unfolded protein response (UPR) and impaired secretion in the culture medium. Interestingly, evaluation of the specific activity of individual agrins on AChR cluster formation indicated that when secreted, mutant agrins retained a normal capacity to trigger the formation of AChR clusters. To confirm agrin accumulation and secretion defect, iPS cells were derived from a patient and differentiated into motoneurons. Patient iPS-derived motoneurons accumulated mutant agrin in the soma and increased XBP1 mRNA splicing, suggesting UPR activation. Moreover, co-cultures of patient iPS-derived motoneurons with myotubes confirmed the deficit in agrin secretion and revealed a reduction in motoneuron survival. Altogether, we report the first mutations in AGRN gene that specifically affect agrin secretion by motoneurons. Interestingly, the three patients carrying these mutations were initially suspected of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Therefore, in the presence of patients with a clinical presentation of SMA but without mutation in the SMN1 gene, it can be worth to look for mutations in AGRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Jacquier
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Valérie Risson
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Simonet
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Florine Roussange
- grid.503216.30000 0004 0618 2124INSERM/UEPS UMR 861, Paris Saclay Université, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Nicolas Lacoste
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Shams Ribault
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - Julien Carras
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Julian Theuriet
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Grosjean
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Le Goff
- grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Stephan Kröger
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia Meltoranta
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Bauché
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Universités, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Damien Sternberg
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Universités, 75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058APHP, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Fournier
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Universités, 75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Département d’Éthique de l’Université et des enseignements de Physiologie de la Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emily O’Connor
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bruno Eymard
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Universités, 75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Cécile Martinat
- grid.503216.30000 0004 0618 2124INSERM/UEPS UMR 861, Paris Saclay Université, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
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Ozdinler PH, Gautam M, Gozutok O, Konrad C, Manfredi G, Gomez EA, Mitsumoto H, Erb ML, Tian Z, Haase G. Better understanding the neurobiology of primary lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:35-46. [PMID: 33602014 PMCID: PMC8016556 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1837175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper motor neurons (UMNs). Recent studies shed new light onto the cellular events that are particularly important for UMN maintenance including intracellular trafficking, mitochondrial energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes these advances including the role of Alsin as a gene linked to atypical forms of juvenile PLS, and discusses wider aspects of cellular pathology that have been observed in adult forms of PLS. The review further discusses the prospects of new transgenic upper motor neuron reporter mice, human stem cell-derived UMN cultures, cerebral organoids and non-human primates as future model systems to better understand and ultimately treat PLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Estela Area Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcella L. Erb
- School of Medicine Light Microscopy Core, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Tian
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Georg Haase
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Marseille, France
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Genc B, Gozutok O, Ozdinler PH. Complexity of Generating Mouse Models to Study the Upper Motor Neurons: Let Us Shift Focus from Mice to Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3848. [PMID: 31394733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron circuitry is one of the most elaborate circuitries in our body, which ensures voluntary and skilled movement that requires cognitive input. Therefore, both the cortex and the spinal cord are involved. The cortex has special importance for motor neuron diseases, in which initiation and modulation of voluntary movement is affected. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is defined by the progressive degeneration of both the upper and lower motor neurons, whereas hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) are characterized mainly by the loss of upper motor neurons. In an effort to reveal the cellular and molecular basis of neuronal degeneration, numerous model systems are generated, and mouse models are no exception. However, there are many different levels of complexities that need to be considered when developing mouse models. Here, we focus our attention to the upper motor neurons, which are one of the most challenging neuron populations to study. Since mice and human differ greatly at a species level, but the cells/neurons in mice and human share many common aspects of cell biology, we offer a solution by focusing our attention to the affected neurons to reveal the complexities of diseases at a cellular level and to improve translational efforts.
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Farina V, Lepore G, Biagi F, Carcupino M, Zedda M. Autophagic processes increase during senescence in cultured sheep neurons and astrocytes. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2891. [PMID: 29943951 PMCID: PMC6038115 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible response to aging is autophagy, a self-digestion process in which portions of cytoplasm are encapsulated by double-membrane-bound structures and delivered to lysosome for degradation. A previous work of our group showed that astrocytes under starving conditions are characterized by a higher upregulation of the marker of autophagy LC3 II than neurons. Aim of the present work was to evaluate LC3 II expression in an aging model consisting in fetal sheep neurons and astrocytes at 10, 20 and 30 days of culture. Such model has been validated by a remarkable activity of β-galactosidase, commonly used to reveal cell aging. LC3 II immunoreactivity in neurons and astrocytes progressively increased with time but differences were observed on the basis of cell density. Indeed, LC3 II immunoreactivity is higher in clusters of neurons and astrocytes and this may be due to the fact that cell-cell contact would represent a second stress in addition to aging itself. Both cell types displayed a reduction in LC3 II signal in nuclei, and a corresponding strengthening in the cytoplasm with time. This may be due to the need of aged cells to remove damaged cytoplasmic components through autophagic processes. Such variation in LC3 II localization could be caused by migration from the nucleus to cytoplasm as well as possible de novo intracytoplasmic production. The present work based on sheep neural cells in vitro may represent a helpful tool in the studies on aging processes in which autophagy plays a remarkable role.
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Jacquier A, Delorme C, Belotti E, Juntas-Morales R, Solé G, Dubourg O, Giroux M, Maurage CA, Castellani V, Rebelo A, Abrams A, Züchner S, Stojkovic T, Schaeffer L, Latour P. Cryptic amyloidogenic elements in mutant NEFH causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2 trigger aggresome formation and neuronal death. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:55. [PMID: 28709447 PMCID: PMC5513089 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH) gene was recently identified to cause autosomal dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2cc). However, the clinical spectrum of this condition and the physio-pathological pathway remain to be delineated. We report 12 patients from two French families with axonal dominantly inherited form of CMT caused by two new mutations in the NEFH gene. A remarkable feature was the early involvement of proximal muscles of the lower limbs associated with pyramidal signs in some patients. Nerve conduction velocity studies indicated a predominantly motor axonal neuropathy. Unique deletions of two nucleotides causing frameshifts near the end of the NEFH coding sequence were identified: in family 1, c.3008_3009del (p.Lys1003Argfs*59), and in family 2 c.3043_3044del (p.Lys1015Glyfs*47). Both frameshifts lead to 40 additional amino acids translation encoding a cryptic amyloidogenic element. Consistently, we show that these mutations cause protein aggregation which are recognised by the autophagic pathway in motoneurons and triggered caspase 3 activation leading to apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Using electroporation of chick embryo spinal cord, we confirm that NEFH mutants form aggregates in vivo and trigger apoptosis of spinal cord neurons. Thus, our results provide a physiological explanation for the overlap between CMT and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical features in affected patients.
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Toli D, Buttigieg D, Blanchard S, Lemonnier T, Lamotte d’Incamps B, Bellouze S, Baillat G, Bohl D, Haase G. Modeling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in pure human iPSc-derived motor neurons isolated by a novel FACS double selection technique. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:269-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Barmada SJ, Serio A, Arjun A, Bilican B, Daub A, Ando DM, Tsvetkov A, Pleiss M, Li X, Peisach D, Shaw C, Chandran S, Finkbeiner S. Autophagy induction enhances TDP43 turnover and survival in neuronal ALS models. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:677-85. [PMID: 24974230 PMCID: PMC4106236 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have distinct clinical features but a common pathology—cytoplasmic inclusions rich in TDP43. Rare TDP43 mutations cause ALS or FTD, but abnormal TDP43 levels and localization may cause disease even if TDP43 lacks a mutation. Here we showed that individual neurons vary in their ability to clear TDP43 and are exquisitely sensitive to TDP43 levels. To measure TDP43 clearance, we developed and validated a single-cell optical method that overcomes the confounding effects of aggregation and toxicity, and discovered that pathogenic mutations significantly shorten TDP43 half-life. Novel compounds that stimulate autophagy improved TDP43 clearance and localization, and enhanced survival in primary murine neurons and in human stem cell–derived neurons and astrocytes harboring mutant TDP43. These findings indicate that the levels and localization of TDP43 critically determine neurotoxicity and show that autophagy induction mitigates neurodegeneration by acting directly on TDP43 clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami J Barmada
- 1] Gladstone Institute of Neurologic Disease, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. [3] Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea Serio
- 1] Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. [2] Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. [3] Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Arpana Arjun
- Gladstone Institute of Neurologic Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bilada Bilican
- 1] Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. [2] Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Aaron Daub
- Gladstone Institute of Neurologic Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D Michael Ando
- 1] Gladstone Institute of Neurologic Disease, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrey Tsvetkov
- 1] Gladstone Institute of Neurologic Disease, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Pleiss
- Keck Program in Brain Cell Engineering, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xingli Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Peisach
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Siddharthan Chandran
- 1] Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. [2] Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- 1] Gladstone Institute of Neurologic Disease, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. [3] Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [4] Keck Program in Brain Cell Engineering, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA. [5] Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [6] Taube-Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, California, USA. [7] Hellman Family Foundation Alzheimer's Disease Research Program, San Francisco, California, USA. [8] Roddenberry Stem Cell Program, San Francisco, California, USA
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Su XW, Broach JR, Connor JR, Gerhard GS, Simmons Z. Genetic heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Implications for clinical practice and research. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:786-803. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei W. Su
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania USA
| | - James R. Broach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania USA
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania USA
| | - Glenn S. Gerhard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania USA
| | - Zachary Simmons
- Department of Neurology; Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; 30 Hope Drive (Suite EC037) Hershey Pennsylvania 17033 USA
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Cozzolino M, Pesaresi MG, Gerbino V, Grosskreutz J, Carrì MT. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new insights into underlying molecular mechanisms and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1277-330. [PMID: 22413952 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a renewed interest in the pathogenic mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a late-onset progressive degeneration of motor neurons. The discovery of new genes associated with the familial form of the disease, along with a deeper insight into pathways already described for this disease, has led scientists to reconsider previous postulates. While protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, defective axonal transport, and excitotoxicity have not been dismissed, they need to be re-examined as contributors to the onset or progression of ALS in the light of the current knowledge that the mutations of proteins involved in RNA processing, apparently unrelated to the previous "old partners," are causative of the same phenotype. Thus, newly envisaged models and tools may offer unforeseen clues on the etiology of this disease and hopefully provide the key to treatment.
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Suzuki N, Kato S, Kato M, Warita H, Mizuno H, Kato M, Shimakura N, Akiyama H, Kobayashi Z, Konno H, Aoki M. FUS/TLS-immunoreactive Neuronal and Glial Cell Inclusions Increase With Disease Duration in Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With an R521CFUS/TLSMutation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:779-88. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318264f164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Hadano S, Otomo A, Kunita R, Suzuki-Utsunomiya K, Akatsuka A, Koike M, Aoki M, Uchiyama Y, Itoyama Y, Ikeda JE. Loss of ALS2/Alsin exacerbates motor dysfunction in a SOD1-expressing mouse ALS model by disturbing endolysosomal trafficking. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9805. [PMID: 20339559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ALS2/alsin is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rab5 and involved in macropinocytosis-associated endosome fusion and trafficking, and neurite outgrowth. ALS2 deficiency accounts for a number of juvenile recessive motor neuron diseases (MNDs). Recently, it has been shown that ALS2 plays a role in neuroprotection against MND-associated pathological insults, such as toxicity induced by mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). However, molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between ALS2-associated cellular function and its neuroprotective role remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings To address this issue, we investigated the molecular and pathological basis for the phenotypic modification of mutant SOD1-expressing mice by ALS2 loss. Genetic ablation of Als2 in SOD1H46R, but not SOD1G93A, transgenic mice aggravated the mutant SOD1-associated disease symptoms such as body weight loss and motor dysfunction, leading to the earlier death. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed the presence of degenerating and/or swollen spinal axons accumulating granular aggregates and autophagosome-like vesicles in early- and even pre-symptomatic SOD1H46R mice. Further, enhanced accumulation of insoluble high molecular weight SOD1, poly-ubiquitinated proteins, and macroautophagy-associated proteins such as polyubiquitin-binding protein p62/SQSTM1 and a lipidated form of light chain 3 (LC3-II), emerged in ALS2-deficient SOD1H46R mice. Intriguingly, ALS2 was colocalized with LC3 and p62, and partly with SOD1 on autophagosome/endosome hybrid compartments, and loss of ALS2 significantly lowered the lysosome-dependent clearance of LC3 and p62 in cultured cells. Conclusions/Significance Based on these observations, although molecular basis for the distinctive susceptibilities to ALS2 loss in different mutant SOD1-expressing ALS models is still elusive, disturbance of the endolysosomal system by ALS2 loss may exacerbate the SOD1H46R-mediated neurotoxicity by accelerating the accumulation of immature vesicles and misfolded proteins in the spinal cord. We propose that ALS2 is implicated in endolysosomal trafficking through the fusion between endosomes and autophagosomes, thereby regulating endolysosomal protein degradation in vivo.
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Barmada SJ, Skibinski G, Korb E, Rao EJ, Wu JY, Finkbeiner S. Cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43 is toxic to neurons and enhanced by a mutation associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci 2010; 30:639-49. [PMID: 20071528 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4988-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding TDP-43-the major protein component of neuronal aggregates characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies-have been linked to familial forms of both disorders. Aggregates of TDP-43 in cortical and spinal motorneurons in ALS, or in neurons of the frontal and temporal cortices in FTLD, are closely linked to neuron loss and atrophy in these areas. However, the mechanism by which TDP-43 mutations lead to neurodegeneration is unclear. To investigate the pathogenic role of TDP-43 mutations, we established a model of TDP-43 proteinopathies by expressing fluorescently tagged wild-type and mutant TDP-43 in primary rat cortical neurons. Expression of mutant TDP-43 was toxic to neurons, and mutant-specific toxicity was associated with increased cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43. Inclusion bodies were not necessary for the toxicity and did not affect the risk of cell death. Cellular survival was unaffected by the total amount of exogenous TDP-43 in the nucleus, but the amount of cytoplasmic TDP-43 was a strong and independent predictor of neuronal death. These results suggest that mutant TDP-43 is mislocalized to the cytoplasm, where it exhibits a toxic gain-of-function and induces cell death.
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Abstract
Axons are the physical conduits by which information is relayed within the nervous system and as such, are essential for normal neurological function. In the central nervous system (CNS), axons comprise the bulk of the white matter, where they are closely associated with glial cells. Primary alterations of glial cell functions can have detrimental secondary consequences for axons, demonstrating that white matter glia are important custodians of axonal integrity. For example, genetic ablation of key oligodendroglial molecules abrogates the oligodendrocytes' supportive function, while expression of mutant super oxide dismutase in astrocytes expedites progression of motor neuron disease. Here we review some of the recent literature on the role of CNS glia in axonal health.
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