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Kato A, Pipil S, Ota C, Kusakabe M, Watanabe T, Nagashima A, Chen AP, Islam Z, Hayashi N, Wong MKS, Komada M, Romero MF, Takei Y. Convergent gene losses and pseudogenizations in multiple lineages of stomachless fishes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:408. [PMID: 38570609 PMCID: PMC10991444 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The regressive evolution of independent lineages often results in convergent phenotypes. Several teleost groups display secondary loss of the stomach, and four gastric genes, atp4a, atp4b, pgc, and pga2 have been co-deleted in agastric (stomachless) fish. Analyses of genotypic convergence among agastric fishes showed that four genes, slc26a9, kcne2, cldn18a, and vsig1, were co-deleted or pseudogenized in most agastric fishes of the four major groups. kcne2 and vsig1 were also deleted or pseudogenized in the agastric monotreme echidna and platypus, respectively. In the stomachs of sticklebacks, these genes are expressed in gastric gland cells or surface epithelial cells. An ohnolog of cldn18 was retained in some agastric teleosts but exhibited an increased non-synonymous substitution when compared with gastric species. These results revealed novel convergent gene losses at multiple loci among the four major groups of agastric fish, as well as a single gene loss in the echidna and platypus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Supriya Pipil
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ota
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusakabe
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Watanabe
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nagashima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - An-Ping Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zinia Islam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Hayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Marty Kwok-Shing Wong
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael F Romero
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yoshio Takei
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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Furstova E, Drevinek P, Novotna S, Libik M, Benesova K, Borek-Dohalska L, Sakmarova K, Modrak M, Macek M, Dousova T. Precision medicine in cystic fibrosis: predictive role of forskolin-induced swelling assay. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2400156. [PMID: 38485147 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00156-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Furstova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Novotna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Malgorzata Libik
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Benesova
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Borek-Dohalska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Sakmarova
- Department of Bioinformatics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Modrak
- Department of Bioinformatics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Dousova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Oliver KE, Carlon MS, Pedemonte N, Lopes-Pacheco M. The revolution of personalized pharmacotherapies for cystic fibrosis: what does the future hold? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1545-1565. [PMID: 37379072 PMCID: PMC10528905 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF), a potentially fatal genetic disease, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the CFTR chloride/bicarbonate channel. Modulator drugs rescuing mutant CFTR traffic and function are now in the clinic, providing unprecedented breakthrough therapies for people with CF (PwCF) carrying specific genotypes. However, several CFTR variants are unresponsive to these therapies. AREA COVERED We discussed several therapeutic approaches that are under development to tackle the fundamental cause of CF, including strategies targeting defective CFTR mRNA and/or protein expression and function. Alternatively, defective chloride secretion and dehydration in CF epithelia could be restored by exploiting pharmacological modulation of alternative targets, i.e., ion channels/transporters that concur with CFTR to maintain the airway surface liquid homeostasis (e.g., ENaC, TMEM16A, SLC26A4, SLC26A9, and ATP12A). Finally, we assessed progress and challenges in the development of gene-based therapies to replace or correct the mutant CFTR gene. EXPERT OPINION CFTR modulators are benefiting many PwCF responsive to these drugs, yielding substantial improvements in various clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, the CF therapy development pipeline continues to expand with the development of novel CFTR modulators and alternative therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of providing effective therapies for all PwCF in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Mésinèle J, Ruffin M, Guillot L, Corvol H. Modifier Factors of Cystic Fibrosis Phenotypes: A Focus on Modifier Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214205. [PMID: 36430680 PMCID: PMC9698440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is recognized as a monogenic disease, due to variants within the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator) gene, an extreme clinical heterogeneity is described among people with CF (pwCF). Apart from the exocrine pancreatic status, most studies agree that there is little association between CFTR variants and disease phenotypes. Environmental factors have been shown to contribute to this heterogeneity, accounting for almost 50% of the variability of the lung function of pwCF. Nevertheless, pwCF with similar CFTR variants and sharing the same environment (such as in siblings) may have highly variable clinical manifestations not explained by CFTR variants, and only partly explained by environmental factors. It is recognized that genetic variants located outside the CFTR locus, named "modifier genes", influence the clinical expression of the disease. This short review discusses the latest studies that have described modifier factors associated with the various CF phenotypes as well as the response to the recent CFTR modulator therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mésinèle
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (H.C.)
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Gong J, He G, Wang C, Bartlett C, Panjwani N, Mastromatteo S, Lin F, Keenan K, Avolio J, Halevy A, Shaw M, Esmaeili M, Côté-Maurais G, Adam D, Bégin S, Bjornson C, Chilvers M, Reisman J, Price A, Parkins M, van Wylick R, Berthiaume Y, Bilodeau L, Mateos-Corral D, Hughes D, Smith MJ, Morrison N, Brusky J, Tullis E, Stephenson AL, Quon BS, Wilcox P, Leung WM, Solomon M, Sun L, Brochiero E, Moraes TJ, Gonska T, Ratjen F, Rommens JM, Strug LJ. Genetic evidence supports the development of SLC26A9 targeting therapies for the treatment of lung disease. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:28. [PMID: 35396391 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 400 variants in the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are CF-causing. CFTR modulators target variants to improve lung function, but marked variability in response exists and current therapies do not address all CF-causing variants highlighting unmet needs. Alternative epithelial ion channel/transporters such as SLC26A9 could compensate for CFTR dysfunction, providing therapeutic targets that may benefit all individuals with CF. We investigate the relationship between rs7512462, a marker of SLC26A9 activity, and lung function pre- and post-treatment with CFTR modulators in Canadian and US CF cohorts, in the general population, and in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rs7512462 CC genotype is associated with greater lung function in CF individuals with minimal function variants (for which there are currently no approved therapies; p = 0.008); and for gating (p = 0.033) and p.Phe508del/ p.Phe508del (p = 0.006) genotypes upon treatment with CFTR modulators. In parallel, human nasal epithelia with CC and p.Phe508del/p.Phe508del after Ussing chamber analysis of a combination of approved and experimental modulator treatments show greater CFTR function (p = 0.0022). Beyond CF, rs7512462 is associated with peak expiratory flow in a meta-analysis of the UK Biobank and Spirometa Consortium (p = 2.74 × 10-44) and provides p = 0.0891 in an analysis of COPD case-control status in the UK Biobank defined by spirometry. These findings support SLC26A9 as a therapeutic target to improve lung function for all people with CF and in individuals with other obstructive lung diseases.
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Expression of SLC26A9 in Airways and Its Potential Role in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062998. [PMID: 35328418 PMCID: PMC8950296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9 is an epithelial anion transporter with a poorly defined function in airways. It is assumed to contribute to airway chloride secretion and airway surface hydration. However, immunohistochemistry showing precise localization of SLC26A9 in airways is missing. Some studies report localization near tight junctions, which is difficult to reconcile with a chloride secretory function of SLC26A9. We therefore performed immunocytochemistry of SLC26A9 in sections of human and porcine lungs. Obvious apical localization of SLC26A9 was detected in human and porcine superficial airway epithelia, whereas submucosal glands did not express SLC26A9. The anion transporter was located exclusively in ciliated epithelial cells. Highly differentiated BCi-NS1 human airway epithelial cells grown on permeable supports also expressed SLC26A9 in the apical membrane of ciliated epithelial cells. BCi-NS1 cells expressed the major Cl− transporting proteins CFTR, TMEM16A and SLC26A9 in about equal proportions and produced short-circuit currents activated by increases in intracellular cAMP or Ca2+. Both CFTR and SLC26A9 contribute to basal chloride currents in non-stimulated BCi-NS1 airway epithelia, with CFTR being the dominating Cl− conductance. In wtCFTR-expressing CFBE human airway epithelial cells, SLC26A9 was partially located in the plasma membrane, whereas CFBE cells expressing F508del-CFTR showed exclusive cytosolic localization of SLC26A9. Membrane localization of SLC26A9 and basal chloride currents were augmented by interleukin 13 in wild-type CFTR-expressing cells, but not in cells expressing the most common disease-causing mutant F508del-CFTR. The data suggest an upregulation of SLC26A9-dependent chloride secretion in asthma, but not in the presence of F508del-CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)941-943-4302; Fax: +49-(0)941-943-4315
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Mésinèle J, Ruffin M, Guillot L, Boëlle P, Corvol H; on behalf of the French CF Modifier Gene Study Investigators. Factors Predisposing the Response to Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in People with Cystic Fibrosis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:252. [PMID: 35207740 PMCID: PMC8876860 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUMA-IVA) therapy is prescribed to people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) homozygous for the Phe508del-CFTR variant to restore CFTR protein function. There is, however, large inter-individual variability in treatment response. Here, we seek to identify clinical and/or genetic factors that may modulate the response to this CFTR modulator therapy. A total of 765 pwCF older than 12 years under LUMA-IVA therapy and with lung function and nutritional measurements available before and after treatment initiation were included. Response to treatment was determined by the change in lung function and nutritional status, from baseline and over the first two years after initiation, and it was assessed by weighted generalized estimating equation models. Gains in lung function and nutritional status were observed after 6 months of treatment (on average 2.11 ± 7.81% for percent predicted FEV1 and 0.44 ± 0.77 kg/m2 for BMI) and sustained over the 2 years. We observed that the more severe patients gained the most in lung function and nutritional status. While females started with a nutritional status more impaired than males, they had a larger response and regained BMI Z-score values similar to men after 2 years of treatment. We observed no association between variants in solute carrier (SLC) genes and the respiratory function response to LUMA-IVA, but the SLC6A14 rs12839137 variant was associated with the nutritional response. Further investigations, including other genomic regions, will be needed to fully explore the inter-individual variability of the response to LUMA-IVA.
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Gorrieri G, Zara F, Scudieri P. SLC26A9 as a Potential Modifier and Therapeutic Target in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:202. [PMID: 35204703 PMCID: PMC8961553 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9 belongs to the solute carrier family 26 (SLC26), which comprises membrane proteins involved in ion transport mechanisms. On the basis of different preliminary findings, including the phenotype of SlC26A9-deficient mice and its possible role as a gene modifier of the human phenotype and treatment response, SLC26A9 has emerged as one of the most interesting alternative targets for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, despite relevant clues, some open issues and controversies remain. The lack of specific pharmacological modulators, the elusive expression reported in the airways, and its complex relationships with CFTR and the CF phenotype prevent us from conclusively understanding the contribution of SLC26A9 in human lung physiology and its real potential as a therapeutic target in CF. In this review, we summarized the various studies dealing with SLC26A9 expression, molecular structure, and function as an anion channel or transporter; its interaction and functional relationships with CFTR; and its role as a gene modifier and tried to reconcile them in order to highlight the current understanding and the gap in knowledge regarding the contribution of SLC26A9 to human lung physiology and CF disease and treatment.
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Needham PG, Goeckeler-Fried JL, Zhang C, Sun Z, Wetzel AR, Bertrand CA, Brodsky JL. SLC26A9 is selected for endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) via Hsp70-dependent targeting of the soluble STAS domain. Biochem J 2021; 478:4203-20. [PMID: 34821356 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20210644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SLC26A9, a member of the solute carrier protein family, transports chloride ions across various epithelia. SLC26A9 also associates with other ion channels and transporters linked to human health, and in some cases these heterotypic interactions are essential to support the biogenesis of both proteins. Therefore, understanding how this complex membrane protein is initially folded might provide new therapeutic strategies to overcome deficits in the function of SLC26A9 partners, one of which is associated with Cystic Fibrosis. To this end, we developed a novel yeast expression system for SLC26A9. This facile system has been used extensively with other ion channels and transporters to screen for factors that oversee protein folding checkpoints. As commonly observed for other channels and transporters, we first noted that a substantial fraction of SLC26A9 is targeted for endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), which destroys folding-compromised proteins in the early secretory pathway. We next discovered that ERAD selection requires the Hsp70 chaperone, which can play a vital role in ERAD substrate selection. We then created SLC26A9 mutants and found that the transmembrane-rich domain of SLC26A9 was quite stable, whereas the soluble cytosolic STAS domain was responsible for Hsp70-dependent ERAD. To support data obtained in the yeast model, we were able to recapitulate Hsp70-facilitated ERAD of the STAS domain in human tissue culture cells. These results indicate that a critical barrier to nascent membrane protein folding can reside within a specific soluble domain, one that is monitored by components associated with the ERAD machinery.
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Butnariu LI, Țarcă E, Cojocaru E, Rusu C, Moisă ȘM, Leon Constantin MM, Gorduza EV, Trandafir LM. Genetic Modifying Factors of Cystic Fibrosis Phenotype: A Challenge for Modern Medicine. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5821. [PMID: 34945117 PMCID: PMC8707808 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease caused by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations. CF is characterized by a high phenotypic variability present even in patients with the same genotype. This is due to the intervention of modifier genes that interact with both the CFTR gene and environmental factors. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of non-CFTR genetic factors (modifier genes) that contribute to phenotypic variability in CF. We analyzed literature data starting with candidate gene studies and continuing with extensive studies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing (WES). The results of both types of studies revealed that the number of modifier genes in CF patients is impressive. Their identification offers a new perspective on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, paving the way for the understanding of other genetic disorders. In conclusion, in the future, genetic analysis, such as GWAS and WES, should be performed routinely. A challenge for future research is to integrate their results in the process of developing new classes of drugs, with a goal to improve the prognosis, increase life expectancy, and enhance quality of life among CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.I.B.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cristina Rusu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.I.B.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Ștefana Maria Moisă
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.M.M.); (L.M.T.)
| | | | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.I.B.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.M.M.); (L.M.T.)
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11
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Pinto MC, Quaresma MC, Silva IAL, Railean V, Ramalho SS, Amaral MD. Synergy in Cystic Fibrosis Therapies: Targeting SLC26A9. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13064. [PMID: 34884866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9, a constitutively active Cl- transporter, has gained interest over the past years as a relevant disease modifier in several respiratory disorders including Cystic Fibrosis (CF), asthma, and non-CF bronchiectasis. SLC26A9 contributes to epithelial Cl- secretion, thus preventing mucus obstruction under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, SLC26A9 was identified as a CF gene modifier, and its polymorphisms were shown to correlate with the response to drugs modulating CFTR, the defective protein in CF. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SLC26A9 and CFTR, and its role in CF pathogenesis. Our data show that SLC26A9 expression contributes to enhanced CFTR expression and function. While knocking-down SLC26A9 in human bronchial cells leads to lower wt- and F508del-CFTR expression, function, and response to CFTR correctors, the opposite occurs upon its overexpression, highlighting SLC26A9 relevance for CF. Accordingly, F508del-CFTR rescue by the most efficient correctors available is further enhanced by increasing SLC26A9 expression. Interestingly, SLC26A9 overexpression does not increase the PM expression of non-F508del CFTR traffic mutants, namely those unresponsive to corrector drugs. Altogether, our data indicate that SLC26A9 stabilizes CFTR at the ER level and that the efficacy of CFTR modulator drugs may be further enhanced by increasing its expression.
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12
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Larsen MB, Choi JJ, Wang X, Myerburg MM, Frizzell RA, Bertrand CA. Separating the contributions of SLC26A9 and CFTR to anion secretion in primary human bronchial epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1147-L1160. [PMID: 34668421 PMCID: PMC8715023 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00563.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant anion secretion across the bronchial epithelium is associated with airway disease, most notably in cystic fibrosis. Although the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is recognized as the primary source of airway anion secretion, alternative anion transport mechanisms play a contributing role. An alternative anion transporter of growing interest is SLC26A9, a constitutively active chloride channel that has been shown to interact with CFTR and may also contribute to bicarbonate secretion. Interest in SLC26A9 has been fueled by genome-wide association studies that suggest it is a significant modifier of CF disease severity. Despite this growing evidence that SLC26A9 plays an important role in the airway, its presence and function in bronchial epithelia remain poorly understood, in part, because its activity is difficult to separate from the activity of CFTR. Here, we present results using primary human bronchial epithelia (HBE) from multiple patient sources to confirm that SLC26A9 mRNA is present in HBE and that its constitutive channel activity is unaffected by knockdown of CFTR. Furthermore, SLC26A9 and CFTR show differential responses to common inhibitors of anion secretion. Finally, we assess the impact of bicarbonate on the activity of SLC26A9 and CFTR. These results confirm that SLC26A9 is the primary source of constitutive anion secretion across HBE, and should inform future studies focused on activation of SLC26A9 as an alternative anion channel in CF. These results should provide a strong foundation to investigate how single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC26A9 modulate airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads B Larsen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeannie J Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael M Myerburg
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond A Frizzell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol A Bertrand
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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13
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Lee JA, Cho A, Huang EN, Xu Y, Quach H, Hu J, Wong AP. Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: new tools for precision medicine. J Transl Med 2021; 19:452. [PMID: 34717671 PMCID: PMC8556969 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the Cystic fibrosis (CF) gene in 1989 has paved the way for incredible progress in treating the disease such that the mean survival age of individuals living with CF is now ~58 years in Canada. Recent developments in gene targeting tools and new cell and animal models have re-ignited the search for a permanent genetic cure for all CF. In this review, we highlight some of the more recent gene therapy approaches as well as new models that will provide insight into personalized therapies for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-A Lee
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, PGCRL 16-9420, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Alex Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena N Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Henry Quach
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Amy P Wong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, PGCRL 16-9420, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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14
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Huang EN, Quach H, Lee JA, Dierolf J, Moraes TJ, Wong AP. A Developmental Role of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:742891. [PMID: 34708042 PMCID: PMC8542926 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.742891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is a cAMP-activated anion channel that is critical for regulating fluid and ion transport across the epithelium. This process is disrupted in CF epithelia, and patients harbouring CF-causing mutations experience reduced lung function as a result, associated with the increased rate of mortality. Much progress has been made in CF research leading to treatments that improve CFTR function, including small molecule modulators. However, clinical outcomes are not necessarily mutation-specific as individuals harboring the same genetic mutation may present with varying disease manifestations and responses to therapy. This suggests that the CFTR protein may have alternative functions that remain under-appreciated and yet can impact disease. In this mini review, we highlight some notable research implicating an important role of CFTR protein during early lung development and how mutant CFTR proteins may impact CF airway disease pathogenesis. We also discuss recent novel cell and animal models that can now be used to identify a developmental cause of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Huang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Henry Quach
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Dierolf
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy P Wong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Pinto MC, Silva IAL, Figueira MF, Amaral MD, Lopes-Pacheco M. Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:693-723. [PMID: 34326672 PMCID: PMC8316759 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia. Despite clinical progress in delaying disease progression with symptomatic therapies, these individuals still develop various chronic complications in lungs and other organs, which significantly restricts their life expectancy and quality of life. The development of high-throughput assays to screen drug-like compound libraries have enabled the discovery of highly effective CFTR modulator therapies. These novel therapies target the primary defect underlying CF and are now approved for clinical use for individuals with specific CF genotypes. However, the clinically approved modulators only partially reverse CFTR dysfunction and there is still a considerable number of individuals with CF carrying rare CFTR mutations who remain without any effective CFTR modulator therapy. Accordingly, additional efforts have been pursued to identify novel and more potent CFTR modulators that may benefit a larger CF population. The use of ex vivo individual-derived specimens has also become a powerful tool to evaluate novel drugs and predict their effectiveness in a personalized medicine approach. In addition to CFTR modulators, pro-drugs aiming at modulating alternative ion channels/transporters are under development to compensate for the lack of CFTR function. These therapies may restore normal mucociliary clearance through a mutation-agnostic approach (ie, independent of CFTR mutation) and include inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), modulators of the calcium-activated channel transmembrane 16A (TMEM16, or anoctamin 1) or of the solute carrier family 26A member 9 (SLC26A9), and anionophores. The present review focuses on recent progress and challenges for the development of ion channel/transporter-modulating drugs for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena C Pinto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miriam F Figueira
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Sepahzad A, Morris-Rosendahl DJ, Davies JC. Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Modifiers and Their Relevance in the New Era of Precision Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040562. [PMID: 33924524 PMCID: PMC8069009 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of cystic fibrosis (CF) has grown exponentially since the discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989. With evolving genetic and genomic tools, we have come to better understand the role of CFTR genotypes in the pathophysiology of the disease. This, in turn, has paved the way for the development of modulator therapies targeted at mutations in the CFTR, which are arguably one of the greatest advances in the treatment of CF. These modulator therapies, however, do not target all the mutations in CFTR that are seen in patients with CF and, furthermore, a variation in response is seen in patients with the same genotype who are taking modulator therapies. There is growing evidence to support the role of non-CFTR modifiers, both genetic and environmental, in determining the variation seen in CF morbidity and mortality and also in the response to existing therapies. This review focusses on key findings from studies using candidate gene and genome-wide approaches to identify CF modifier genes of lung disease in cystic fibrosis and considers the interaction between modifiers and the response to modulator therapies. As the use of modulator therapies expands and we gain data around outcomes, it will be of great interest to investigate this interaction further. Going forward, it will also be crucial to better understand the relative influence of genomic versus environmental factors. With this understanding, we can truly begin to deliver personalised care by better profiling the likely disease phenotype for each patient and their response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Sepahzad
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London SW3 6NP, UK;
| | | | - Jane C. Davies
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London SW3 6NP, UK;
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kay Building, 1b Manresa Rd, London SW3 6LR, UK
- Correspondence:
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17
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Prentice BJ, Jaffe A, Hameed S, Verge CF, Waters S, Widger J. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes and lung disease: an update. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200293. [PMID: 33597125 PMCID: PMC9488640 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0293-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) often leads to poorer outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis including increases in pulmonary exacerbations, poorer lung function and early mortality. This review highlights the many factors contributing to the clinical decline seen in patients diagnosed with CFRD, highlighting the important role of nutrition, the direct effect of hyperglycaemia on the lungs, the immunomodulatory effects of high glucose levels and the potential role of genetic modifiers in CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette J Prentice
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Randwick, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Randwick, Australia
| | - Shihab Hameed
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Randwick, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Dept of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Charles F Verge
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Randwick, Australia
- Dept of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Shafagh Waters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Randwick, Australia
- MiCF Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Widger
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Randwick, Australia
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18
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Zajac M, Dreano E, Edwards A, Planelles G, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Airway Surface Liquid pH Regulation in Airway Epithelium Current Understandings and Gaps in Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3384. [PMID: 33806154 PMCID: PMC8037888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the mechanisms of acid and base secretion in airways has progressed recently. The aim of this review is to summarize the known mechanisms of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH regulation and their implication in lung diseases. Normal ASL is slightly acidic relative to the interstitium, and defects in ASL pH regulation are associated with various respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis. Basolateral bicarbonate (HCO3-) entry occurs via the electrogenic, coupled transport of sodium (Na+) and HCO3-, and, together with carbonic anhydrase enzymatic activity, provides HCO3- for apical secretion. The latter mainly involves CFTR, the apical chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin and paracellular transport. Proton (H+) secretion into ASL is crucial to maintain its relative acidity compared to the blood. This is enabled by H+ apical secretion, mainly involving H+/K+ ATPase and vacuolar H+-ATPase that carry H+ against the electrochemical potential gradient. Paracellular HCO3- transport, the direction of which depends on the ASL pH value, acts as an ASL protective buffering mechanism. How the transepithelial transport of H+ and HCO3- is coordinated to tightly regulate ASL pH remains poorly understood, and should be the focus of new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Zajac
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elise Dreano
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Aurelie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Gabrielle Planelles
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Laboratoire de Physiologie rénale et Tubulopathies, CNRS ERL 8228, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et Maladies de CFTR, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
- Clinical Trial Network, European Cystic Fibrosis Society, BT2 Belfast, Ireland
- European Respiratory Network Lung, 75006 Paris, France
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19
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Reihill JA, Douglas LEJ, Martin SL. Modulation of Ion Transport to Restore Airway Hydration in Cystic Fibrosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030453. [PMID: 33810137 PMCID: PMC8004921 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene which codes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel. Loss of Cl- secretion across the apical membrane of airway lining epithelial cells results in dehydration of the airway surface liquid (ASL) layer which impairs mucociliary clearance (MCC), and as a consequence promotes bacterial infection and inflammation of the airways. Interventions that restore airway hydration are known to improve MCC. Here we review the ion channels present at the luminal surface of airway epithelial cells that may be targeted to improve airway hydration and MCC in CF airways.
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20
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Eastman AC, Pace RG, Dang H, Aksit MA, Vecchio-Pagán B, Lam ATN, O'Neal WK, Blackman SM, Knowles MR, Cutting GR. SLC26A9 SNP rs7512462 is not associated with lung disease severity or lung function response to ivacaftor in cystic fibrosis patients with G551D-CFTR. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:851-856. [PMID: 33674211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CFTR modulator ivacaftor has been variably effective in treating individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) who harbor CFTR gating variants such as G551D, as well as other classes of CFTR variants when used with other modulators. Because CFTR genotype does not fully explain this variability, defining genetic modifiers of response to modulator therapy is of particular interest to the field of individualized CF drug therapy. Previous studies have proposed that a variant in SLC26A9 (rs7512462) is associated with lung disease severity and with response to treatment with ivacaftor in individuals with CF who carry G551D or gating variants. METHODS Given the implications for CF treatment, we re-examined the reported associations in three cohorts; patients enrolled in the Twin and Siblings study at Johns Hopkins University, the CF modifier study at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the prospective G551D Observational (GOAL) study. The GOAL study was specifically designed to measure lung function response to ivacaftor. RESULTS We find no association between SLC26A9 (rs7512462) genotype and lung disease severity (n = 272) or change in lung function at one-, three-, and six-month intervals following ivacaftor treatment(n = 141) in individuals with CF who carry at least one G551D variant. CONCLUSIONS Our inability to replicate this association indicates that rs7512462 genotype should not be used in treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Eastman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rhonda G Pace
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Melis Atalar Aksit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Briana Vecchio-Pagán
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anh-Thu N Lam
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott M Blackman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael R Knowles
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Garry R Cutting
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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21
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Engelbrecht HR, Dalvie S, Agenbag G, Stein DJ, Ramesar RS. Whole-exome sequencing in an Afrikaner family with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:69-75. [PMID: 32697718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) has considerable heritability, with genome-wide association studies indicating that multiple common genetic variants contribute to risk. Less work has been undertaken to assess the contribution of rare variation in the development of this complex disorder, particularly in isolated populations. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), the aim of this study was to identify rare, potentially damaging variants contributing to risk for BD in the Afrikaner population. METHODS WES was performed on eight Afrikaner family members, five affected and three unaffected. The analyses focused on i) the identification of rare, damaging variation, and ii) the molecular pathways in which these rare variants play a role using in silico prediction tools such as wANNOVAR and KOBAS 3.0. RESULTS Two rare and potentially damaging missense variants in FAM71B and SLC26A9 were shared by affected family members but were absent in unaffected members. In addition, variants in genes that play a role in pathways involved in signal transduction and synaptic transmission were shared by the five affected individuals. LIMITATIONS Two main limitations affect this study: the limited number of cases and controls, and the fact that whole-exome sequencing can only capture a small fragment of the genome which may harbor mutations. CONCLUSION This is the first WES study of BD in an Afrikaner family, and findings suggest that novel candidate genes may contribute to risk for BD in this population. Future work in larger samples of this population as well as in other populations is needed to fully investigate the role of the candidate genes found here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah-Ruth Engelbrecht
- SA MRC Research Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925.
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town.
| | - Gloudi Agenbag
- SA MRC Research Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925.
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town.
| | - Raj S Ramesar
- SA MRC Research Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925.
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22
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Lam ATN, Aksit MA, Vecchio-Pagan B, Shelton CA, Osorio DL, Anzmann AF, Goff LA, Whitcomb DC, Blackman SM, Cutting GR. Increased expression of anion transporter SLC26A9 delays diabetes onset in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:272-286. [PMID: 31581148 DOI: 10.1172/jci129833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) that affects approximately 20% of adolescents and 40%-50% of adults with CF. The age at onset of CF-related diabetes (CFRD) (marked by clinical diagnosis and treatment initiation) is an important measure of the disease process. DNA variants associated with age at onset of CFRD reside in and near SLC26A9. Deep sequencing of the SLC26A9 gene in 762 individuals with CF revealed that 2 common DNA haplotypes formed by the risk variants account for the association with diabetes. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) indicated that SLC26A9 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic ductal cells and frequently coexpressed with CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) along with transcription factors that have binding sites 5' of SLC26A9. These findings were replicated upon reanalysis of scRNA-Seq data from 4 independent studies. DNA fragments derived from the 5' region of SLC26A9-bearing variants from the low-risk haplotype generated 12%-20% higher levels of expression in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells compared with the high- risk haplotype. Taken together, our findings indicate that an increase in SLC26A9 expression in ductal cells of the pancreas delays the age at onset of diabetes, suggesting a CFTR-agnostic treatment for a major complication of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Thu N Lam
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melis A Aksit
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Briana Vecchio-Pagan
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Celeste A Shelton
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Ariel Precision Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek L Osorio
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arianna F Anzmann
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Loyal A Goff
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Scott M Blackman
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Garry R Cutting
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Rang C, Keating D, Wilson J, Kotsimbos T. Re-imagining cystic fibrosis care: next generation thinking. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.02443-2019. [PMID: 32139465 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02443-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common multi-system genetically inherited condition, predominately found in individuals of Caucasian decent. Since the identification of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989, and the subsequent improvement in understanding of CF pathophysiology, significant increases in life-expectancy have followed. Initially this was related to improvements in the management and systems of care for treating the various affected organ systems. These cornerstone treatments are still essential for CF patients born today. However, over the last decade, the major advance has been in therapies that target the resultant genetic defect: the dysfunctional CFTR protein. Small molecule agents that target this dysfunctional protein via a variety of mechanisms have led to lung function improvements, reductions in pulmonary exacerbation rates and increases in weight and quality-of-life indices. As more patients receive these agents earlier and earlier in life, it is likely that general CF care will increasingly pivot around these specific therapies, although it is also likely that effects other than those identified in the initial trials will be discovered and need to be managed. Despite great excitement for modulator therapies, they are unlikely to be suitable or available for all; whether this is due to a lack of availability for specific CFTR mutations, drug-reactions or the health economic set-up in certain countries. Nevertheless, the CF community must be applauded for its ongoing focus on research and development for this life-limiting disease. With time, personalised individualised therapy would ideally be the mainstay of CF care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rang
- Cystic Fibrosis Service, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dominic Keating
- Cystic Fibrosis Service, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Dept of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Campus, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Wilson
- Cystic Fibrosis Service, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Dept of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Campus, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom Kotsimbos
- Cystic Fibrosis Service, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Dept of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Campus, Melbourne, Australia
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24
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Al-Qahtani W, Abdel Jabar M, Masood A, Jacob M, Nizami I, Dasouki M, Abdel Rahman AM. Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomic Profiling in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2346-2357. [PMID: 32312052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucoviscidosis of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts is the major pathology in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a lethal monogenic panethnic and multisystemic disease most commonly identified in Caucasians. Currently, the measurement of immuno reactive trypsinogen in dry blood spots (DBSs) is the gold-standard method for initial newborn screening for CF, followed by targeted CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutation analysis, and ultimate confirmation with abnormally elevated sweat chloride. Previous metabolomics studies in patients with CF reported on different biomarkers such as breath 2-aminoacetophenone produced during acute and chronic infection in human tissues, including the lungs of CF patients. Herein, we used liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics profiling to identify potentially reliable, sensitive, and specific biomarkers in DBSs collected from 69 young and adult people including CF patients (n = 39) and healthy control (n = 30). A distinctive metabolic profile including 26 significantly differentially expressed metabolites involving amino acids, glycolysis, mitochondrial and peroxisomal metabolism, and sorbitol pathways was identified. Specifically, the osmolyte (sorbitol) was remarkably downregulated in CF patients compared to healthy controls indicating perturbation in the sorbitol pathway, which may be responsible for the mucoviscidosis seen in patients with CF. The significance of our findings is supported by the clinical utility of inhaled mannitol and hypertonic saline in patients with CF. The systemic administration of sorbitol in such patients may confer additional benefits beyond the respiratory system, especially in those with misfolded CFTR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Al-Qahtani
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Abdel Jabar
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minnie Jacob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Nizami
- Lung Transplant Section, Organ Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Dasouki
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
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25
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Paranjapye A, Ruffin M, Harris A, Corvol H. Genetic variation in CFTR and modifier loci may modulate cystic fibrosis disease severity. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19 Suppl 1:S10-S14. [PMID: 31734115 PMCID: PMC7036019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), genetic variants within and outside the CFTR locus contribute to the variability of the disease severity. CFTR transcription is tightly regulated by cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that control the three-dimensional structure of the locus, chromatin accessibility and transcription factor recruitment. Variants within these CREs may contribute to the pathophysiology and to the phenotypic heterogeneity by altering CFTR transcript abundance. In addition to the CREs, variants outside the CFTR locus, namely "modifiers genes", may also be associated with the clinical variability. This review addresses variants at the CFTR locus itself and CFTR CREs, together with the outcomes of the latest modifier gene studies with respect to the different CF phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France.
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26
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal inherited disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which result in impairment of CFTR mRNA and protein expression, function, stability or a combination of these. Although CF leads to multifaceted clinical manifestations, the respiratory disorder represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality of these patients. The life expectancy of CF patients has substantially lengthened due to early diagnosis and improvements in symptomatic therapeutic regimens. Quality of life remains nevertheless limited, as these individuals are subjected to considerable clinical, psychosocial and economic burdens. Since the discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989, tremendous efforts have been made to develop therapies acting more upstream on the pathogenesis cascade, thereby overcoming the underlying dysfunctions caused by CFTR mutations. In this line, the advances in cell-based high-throughput screenings have been facilitating the fast-tracking of CFTR modulators. These modulator drugs have the ability to enhance or even restore the functional expression of specific CF-causing mutations, and they have been classified into five main groups depending on their effects on CFTR mutations: potentiators, correctors, stabilizers, read-through agents, and amplifiers. To date, four CFTR modulators have reached the market, and these pharmaceutical therapies are transforming patients' lives with short- and long-term improvements in clinical outcomes. Such breakthroughs have paved the way for the development of novel CFTR modulators, which are currently under experimental and clinical investigations. Furthermore, recent insights into the CFTR structure will be useful for the rational design of next-generation modulator drugs. This review aims to provide a summary of recent developments in CFTR-directed therapeutics. Barriers and future directions are also discussed in order to optimize treatment adherence, identify feasible and sustainable solutions for equitable access to these therapies, and continue to expand the pipeline of novel modulators that may result in effective precision medicine for all individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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Abstract
Genetics is the branch of biology concerned with study of individual genes and how they work whereas genomics is involved with the analysis of all genes and their interactions. Both of these approaches have been applied extensively to CF. Identification of the CFTR gene initiated the dissection of CF genetics at the molecular level. Subsequently, thousands of variants were found in the gene and the functional consequences of a subset have been studied in detail. The completion of the human genome ushered in a new phase of study where the role of genes beyond CFTR could be evaluated for their contribution to the severity of CF. This will be a brief overview of the contribution of these complementary methods to our understanding of CF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharma
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - G R Cutting
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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28
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Yang Q, Soltis AR, Sukumar G, Zhang X, Caohuy H, Freedy J, Dalgard CL, Wilkerson MD, Pollard HB, Pollard BS. Gene therapy-emulating small molecule treatments in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells and patients. Respir Res 2019; 20:290. [PMID: 31864360 PMCID: PMC6925517 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several small molecule corrector and potentiator drugs have recently been licensed for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) therapy. However, other aspects of the disease, especially inflammation, are less effectively treated by these drugs. We hypothesized that small molecule drugs could function either alone or as an adjuvant to licensed therapies to treat these aspects of the disease, perhaps emulating the effects of gene therapy in CF cells. The cardiac glycoside digitoxin, which has been shown to inhibit TNFα/NFκB signaling in CF lung epithelial cells, may serve as such a therapy. Methods IB3–1 CF lung epithelial cells were treated with different Vertex (VX) drugs, digitoxin, and various drug mixtures, and ELISA assays were used to assess suppression of baseline and TNFα-activated secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Transcriptional responses to these drugs were assessed by RNA-seq and compared with gene expression in AAV-[wildtype]CFTR-treated IB3–1 (S9) cells. We also compared in vitro gene expression signatures with in vivo data from biopsied nasal epithelial cells from digitoxin-treated CF patients. Results CF cells exposed to digitoxin exhibited significant suppression of both TNFα/NFκB signaling and downstream secretion of IL-8, IL-6 and GM-CSF, with or without co-treatment with VX drugs. No evidence of drug-drug interference was observed. RNA-seq analysis showed that gene therapy-treated CF lung cells induced changes in 3134 genes. Among these, 32.6% were altered by digitoxin treatment in the same direction. Shared functional gene ontology themes for genes suppressed by both digitoxin and gene therapy included inflammation (84 gene signature), and cell-cell interactions and fibrosis (49 gene signature), while genes elevated by both were enriched for epithelial differentiation (82 gene signature). A new analysis of mRNA data from digitoxin-treated CF patients showed consistent trends in expression for genes in these signatures. Conclusions Adjuvant gene therapy-emulating activities of digitoxin may contribute to enhancing the efficacy of currently licensed correctors and potentiators in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine- America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - A R Soltis
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), The American Genome Center (TAGC), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - G Sukumar
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), The American Genome Center (TAGC), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), The American Genome Center (TAGC), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - H Caohuy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine- America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - J Freedy
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), The American Genome Center (TAGC), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - C L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine- America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), The American Genome Center (TAGC), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - M D Wilkerson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine- America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), The American Genome Center (TAGC), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - H B Pollard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine- America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), The American Genome Center (TAGC), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - B S Pollard
- Silver Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, MD, 20854, USA.
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29
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Sato Y, Thomas DY, Hanrahan JW. The anion transporter SLC26A9 localizes to tight junctions and is degraded by the proteasome when co-expressed with F508del-CFTR. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18269-18284. [PMID: 31645438 PMCID: PMC6885613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) disrupt epithelial secretion and cause cystic fibrosis (CF). Available CFTR modulators provide only modest clinical benefits, so alternative therapeutic targets are being explored. The anion-conducting transporter solute carrier family 26 member 9 (SLC26A9) is a promising candidate, but its functional expression is drastically reduced in cells that express the most common CF-associated CFTR variant, F508del-CFTR, through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Here, we examined the metabolic stability and location of SLC26A9 and its relationship to CFTR. Compared with SLC26A9 levels in BHK cells expressing SLC26A9 alone or with WT-CFTR, co-expression of SLC26A9 with F508del-CFTR reduced total and plasma membrane levels of SLC26A9. Proteasome inhibitors increased SLC26A9 immunofluorescence in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBEs) homozygous for F508del-CFTR but not in non-CF pHBEs, suggesting that F508del-CFTR enhances proteasomal SLC26A9 degradation. Apical SLC26A9 expression increased when F508del-CFTR trafficking was partially corrected by low temperature or with the CFTR modulator VX-809. The immature glycoforms of SLC26A9 and CFTR co-immunoprecipitated, consistent with their interaction in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transfection with increasing amounts of WT-CFTR cDNA progressively increased SLC26A9 levels in F508del-CFTR-expressing cells, suggesting that WT-CFTR competes with F508del-CFTR for SLC26A9 binding. Immunofluorescence staining of endogenous SLC26A9 and transfection of a 3HA-tagged construct into well-differentiated cells revealed that SLC26A9 is mostly present at tight junctions. We conclude that SLC26A9 interacts with CFTR in both the ER and Golgi and that its interaction with F508del-CFTR increases proteasomal SLC26A9 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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30
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Touré A. Importance of SLC26 Transmembrane Anion Exchangers in Sperm Post-testicular Maturation and Fertilization Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:230. [PMID: 31681763 PMCID: PMC6813192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sperm cells produced within the testis are structurally differentiated but remain immotile and are unable to fertilize the oocyte unless they undergo a series of maturation events during their transit in the male and female genital tracts. This post-testicular functional maturation is known to rely on the micro-environment of both male and female genital tracts, and is tightly controlled by the pH of their luminal milieus. In particular, within the epididymis, the establishment of a low bicarbonate (HCO3–) concentration contributes to luminal acidification, which is necessary for sperm maturation and subsequent storage in a quiescent state. Following ejaculation, sperm is exposed to the basic pH of the female genital tract and bicarbonate (HCO3–), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl–) influxes induce biochemical and electrophysiological changes to the sperm cells (cytoplasmic alkalinization, increased cAMP concentration, and protein phosphorylation cascades), which are indispensable for the acquisition of fertilization potential, a process called capacitation. Solute carrier 26 (SLC26) members are conserved membranous proteins that mediate the transport of various anions across the plasma membrane of epithelial cells and constitute important regulators of pH and HCO3– concentration. Most SLC26 members were shown to physically interact and cooperate with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel (CFTR) in various epithelia, mainly by stimulating its Cl– channel activity. Among SLC26 members, the function of SLC26A3, A6, and A8 were particularly investigated in the male genital tract and the sperm cells. In this review, we will focus on SLC26s contributions to ionic- and pH-dependent processes during sperm post-testicular maturation. We will specify the current knowledge regarding their functions, based on data from the literature generated by means of in vitro and in vivo studies in knock-out mouse models together with genetic studies of infertile patients. We will also discuss the limits of those studies, the current research gaps and identify some key points for potential developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminata Touré
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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31
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Walter JD, Sawicka M, Dutzler R. Cryo-EM structures and functional characterization of murine Slc26a9 reveal mechanism of uncoupled chloride transport. eLife 2019; 8:46986. [PMID: 31339488 PMCID: PMC6656431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial anion transporter SLC26A9 contributes to airway surface hydration and gastric acid production. Colocalizing with CFTR, SLC26A9 has been proposed as a target for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. To provide molecular details of its transport mechanism, we present cryo-EM structures and a functional characterization of murine Slc26a9. These structures define the general architecture of eukaryotic SLC26 family members and reveal an unusual mode of oligomerization which relies predominantly on the cytosolic STAS domain. Our data illustrates conformational transitions of Slc26a9, supporting a rapid alternate-access mechanism which mediates uncoupled chloride transport with negligible bicarbonate or sulfate permeability. The characterization of structure-guided mutants illuminates the properties of the ion transport path, including a selective anion binding site located in the center of a mobile module within the transmembrane domain. This study thus provides a structural foundation for the understanding of the entire SLC26 family and potentially facilitates their therapeutic exploitation. Many processes in the human body are regulated by chloride and other charged particles (known as ions) moving in and out of cells. Each cell is surrounded by a membrane barrier, which prevents ions from entering or exiting. Therefore, to control the levels of ions inside the cell, specific proteins in the membrane act as channels or transporters to provide routes for the ions to pass through the membrane. Channel proteins form pores that, when open, allow a steady stream of ions to pass through the membrane. Transporter proteins, on the other hand, generally contain a pocket that is only accessible from one side of the membrane. When individual ions enter this pocket the transporter changes shape. This causes the entrance of the pocket to close and then re-open on the other side of the membrane. Inside the lung, an ion channel known as CFTR provides a route for chloride ions to move out of cells, which helps clear harmful material from the airways. Mutations affecting this protein cause the mucus lining the airways to become very sticky, leading to a severe disease known as cystic fibrosis. CFTR works together with another protein that is also found in the membrane, called SLC26A9. Previous studies have suggested that SLC26A9 also allows chloride ions to pass through the membrane. It was not clear, however, if SLC26A9 operates as an ion channel or a transporter protein, or how the protein is arranged in the membrane. Now, Walter, Sawicka and Dutzler combined two techniques known as cryo-electron microscopy and patch-clamp electrophysiology to reveal the detailed three-dimensional structure of the mouse version of SLC26A9, which is highly similar to the human form. The experiments found that mouse SLC26A9 proteins form pairs in the membrane referred to as homodimers, which arranged themselves in an unexpected way. Further investigation into the structure of these homodimers suggests that despite having many channel-like properties, SLC26A9 operates as a fast transporter, rather than a true channel. These findings help us understand the role of SLC26A9 and other similar proteins in the lung and other parts of the body. In the future it may be possible to develop drugs that target SLC26A9 to treat cystic fibrosis and other severe lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Walter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Sawicka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raimund Dutzler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mackenzie A, Groft S, Justice M, van Karnebeek C, Enikanolaiye A, Justice MJ. Model systems inform rare disease diagnosis, therapeutic discovery and pre-clinical efficacy. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:1-10. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Model systems have played a large role in understanding human diseases and are instrumental in taking basic research findings to the clinic; however, for rare diseases, model systems play an even larger role. Here, we outline how model organisms are crucial for confirming causal associations, understanding functional mechanisms and developing therapies for disease. As diseases that have been studied extensively through genetics and molecular biology, cystic fibrosis and Rett syndrome are portrayed as primary examples of how genetic diagnosis, model organism development and therapies have led to improved patient health. Considering which model to use, yeast, worms, flies, fish, mice or larger animals requires a careful evaluation of experimental genetic tools and gene pathway conservation. Recent advances in genome editing will aid in confirming diagnoses and developing model systems for rare disease. Genetic or chemical screening for disease suppression may reveal functional pathway members and provide candidate entry points for developing therapies. Model organisms may also be used in drug discovery and as preclinical models as a prelude to testing treatments in patient populations. Now, model organisms will increasingly be used as platforms for understanding variation in rare disease severity and onset, thereby informing therapeutic intervention.
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33
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Shrine N, Guyatt AL, Erzurumluoglu AM, Jackson VE, Hobbs BD, Melbourne CA, Batini C, Fawcett KA, Song K, Sakornsakolpat P, Li X, Boxall R, Reeve NF, Obeidat M, Zhao JH, Wielscher M, Weiss S, Kentistou KA, Cook JP, Sun BB, Zhou J, Hui J, Karrasch S, Imboden M, Harris SE, Marten J, Enroth S, Kerr SM, Surakka I, Vitart V, Lehtimäki T, Allen RJ, Bakke PS, Beaty TH, Bleecker ER, Bossé Y, Brandsma CA, Chen Z, Crapo JD, Danesh J, DeMeo DL, Dudbridge F, Ewert R, Gieger C, Gulsvik A, Hansell AL, Hao K, Hoffman JD, Hokanson JE, Homuth G, Joshi PK, Joubert P, Langenberg C, Li X, Li L, Lin K, Lind L, Locantore N, Luan J, Mahajan A, Maranville JC, Murray A, Nickle DC, Packer R, Parker MM, Paynton ML, Porteous DJ, Prokopenko D, Qiao D, Rawal R, Runz H, Sayers I, Sin DD, Smith BH, Soler Artigas M, Sparrow D, Tal-Singer R, Timmers PRHJ, Van den Berge M, Whittaker JC, Woodruff PG, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Troyanskaya OG, Raitakari OT, Kähönen M, Polašek O, Gyllensten U, Rudan I, Deary IJ, Probst-Hensch NM, Schulz H, James AL, Wilson JF, Stubbe B, Zeggini E, Jarvelin MR, Wareham N, Silverman EK, Hayward C, Morris AP, Butterworth AS, Scott RA, Walters RG, Meyers DA, Cho MH, Strachan DP, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Wain LV. New genetic signals for lung function highlight pathways and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associations across multiple ancestries. Nat Genet 2019; 51:481-493. [PMID: 30804560 PMCID: PMC6397078 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reduced lung function predicts mortality and is key to the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a genome-wide association study in 400,102 individuals of European ancestry, we define 279 lung function signals, 139 of which are new. In combination, these variants strongly predict COPD in independent populations. Furthermore, the combined effect of these variants showed generalizability across smokers and never smokers, and across ancestral groups. We highlight biological pathways, known and potential drug targets for COPD and, in phenome-wide association studies, autoimmune-related and other pleiotropic effects of lung function-associated variants. This new genetic evidence has potential to improve future preventive and therapeutic strategies for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Victoria E Jackson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Melbourne
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Kijoung Song
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xingnan Li
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ruth Boxall
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola F Reeve
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin B Sun
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian Zhou
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennie Hui
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Marten
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shona M Kerr
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Richard J Allen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Per S Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James D Crapo
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna L Hansell
- Centre for Environmental Health & Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xuan Li
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alison Murray
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David C Nickle
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
- Gossamer Bio, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard Packer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Margaret M Parker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan L Paynton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Runz
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR-Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Don D Sin
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sparrow
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maarten Van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John C Whittaker
- Target Sciences - R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- UCSF Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Olga G Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicole M Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Alan L James
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Beate Stubbe
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- Target Sciences - R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR-Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
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Gong J, Wang F, Xiao B, Panjwani N, Lin F, Keenan K, Avolio J, Esmaeili M, Zhang L, He G, Soave D, Mastromatteo S, Baskurt Z, Kim S, O'Neal WK, Polineni D, Blackman SM, Corvol H, Cutting GR, Drumm M, Knowles MR, Rommens JM, Sun L, Strug LJ. Genetic association and transcriptome integration identify contributing genes and tissues at cystic fibrosis modifier loci. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008007. [PMID: 30807572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) exhibits morbidity in several organs, including progressive lung disease in all patients and intestinal obstruction at birth (meconium ileus) in ~15%. Individuals with the same causal CFTR mutations show variable disease presentation which is partly attributed to modifier genes. With >6,500 participants from the International CF Gene Modifier Consortium, genome-wide association investigation identified a new modifier locus for meconium ileus encompassing ATP12A on chromosome 13 (min p = 3.83x10(-10)); replicated loci encompassing SLC6A14 on chromosome X and SLC26A9 on chromosome 1, (min p<2.2x10(-16), 2.81x10(-11), respectively); and replicated a suggestive locus on chromosome 7 near PRSS1 (min p = 2.55x10(-7)). PRSS1 is exclusively expressed in the exocrine pancreas and was previously associated with non-CF pancreatitis with functional characterization demonstrating impact on PRSS1 gene expression. We thus asked whether the other meconium ileus modifier loci impact gene expression and in which organ. We developed and applied a colocalization framework called the Simple Sum (SS) that integrates regulatory and genetic association information, and also contrasts colocalization evidence across tissues or genes. The associated modifier loci colocalized with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for ATP12A (p = 3.35x10(-8)), SLC6A14 (p = 1.12x10(-10)) and SLC26A9 (p = 4.48x10(-5)) in the pancreas, even though meconium ileus manifests in the intestine. The meconium ileus susceptibility locus on chromosome X appeared shifted in location from a previously identified locus for CF lung disease severity. Using the SS we integrated the lung disease association locus with eQTLs from nasal epithelia of 63 CF participants and demonstrated evidence of colocalization with airway-specific regulation of SLC6A14 (p = 2.3x10(-4)). Cystic Fibrosis is realizing the promise of personalized medicine, and identification of the contributing organ and understanding of tissue specificity for a gene modifier is essential for the next phase of personalizing therapeutic strategies.
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Mortensen AH, Fang Q, Fleming MT, Jones TJ, Daly AZ, Johnson KR, Camper SA. Genetic variation in thyroid folliculogenesis influences susceptibility to hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:5-22. [PMID: 30778664 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal and fetal sources of thyroid hormone are important for the development of many organ systems. Thyroid hormone deficiency causes variable intellectual disability and hearing impairment in mouse and man, but the basis for this variation is not clear. To explore this variation, we studied two thyroid hormone-deficient mouse mutants with mutations in pituitary-specific transcription factors, POU1F1 and PROP1, that render them unable to produce thyroid stimulating hormone. DW/J-Pou1f1dw/dw mice have profound deafness and both neurosensory and conductive hearing impairment, while DF/B-Prop1df/df mice have modest elevations in hearing thresholds consistent with developmental delay, eventually achieving normal hearing ability. The thyroid glands of Pou1f1 mutants are more severely affected than those of Prop1df/df mice, and they produce less thyroglobulin during the neonatal period critical for establishing hearing. We previously crossed DW/J-Pou1f1dw/+ and Cast/Ei mice and mapped a major locus on Chromosome 2 that protects against hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment in Pou1f1dw/dw mice: modifier of dw hearing (Mdwh). Here we refine the location of Mdwh by genotyping 196 animals with 876 informative SNPs, and we conduct novel mapping with a DW/J-Pou1f1dw/+ and 129/P2 cross that reveals 129/P2 mice also have a protective Mdwh locus. Using DNA sequencing of DW/J and DF/B strains, we determined that the genes important for thyroid gland function within Mdwh vary in amino acid sequence between strains that are susceptible or resistant to hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment. These results suggest that the variable effects of congenital hypothyroidism on the development of hearing ability are attributable to genetic variation in postnatal thyroid gland folliculogenesis and function.
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Doušová T, Bähr A, Janda M, Schreiber R, Benedetto R. TMEM16A in Cystic Fibrosis: Activating or Inhibiting? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30761000 PMCID: PMC6362895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory airway disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by airway obstruction due to mucus hypersecretion, airway plugging, and bronchoconstriction. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is dysfunctional in CF, leading to defects in epithelial transport. Although CF pathogenesis is still disputed, activation of alternative Cl- channels is assumed to improve lung function in CF. Two suitable non-CFTR Cl- channels are present in the airway epithelium, the Ca2+ activated channel TMEM16A and SLC26A9. Activation of these channels is thought to be feasible to improve hydration of the airway mucus and to increase mucociliary clearance. Interestingly, both channels are upregulated during inflammatory lung disease. They are assumed to support fluid secretion, necessary to hydrate excess mucus and to maintain mucus clearance. During inflammation, however, TMEM16A is upregulated particularly in mucus producing cells, with only little expression in ciliated cells. Recently it was shown that knockout of TMEM16A in ciliated cells strongly compromises Cl- conductance and attenuated mucus secretion, but does not lead to a CF-like lung disease and airway plugging. Along this line, activation of TMEM16A by denufosol, a stable purinergic ligand, failed to demonstrate any benefit to CF patients in earlier studies. It rather induced adverse effects such as cough. A number of studies suggest that TMEM16A is essential for mucus secretion and possibly also for mucus production. Evidence is now provided for a crucial role of TMEM16A in fusion of mucus-filled granules with the apical plasma membrane and cellular exocytosis. This is probably due to local Ca2+ signals facilitated by TMEM16A. Taken together, TMEM16A supports fluid secretion by ciliated airway epithelial cells, but also maintains excessive mucus secretion during inflammatory airway disease. Because TMEM16A also supports airway smooth muscle contraction, inhibition rather than activation of TMEM16A might be the appropriate treatment for CF lung disease, asthma and COPD. As a number of FDA-approved and well-tolerated drugs have been shown to inhibit TMEM16A, evaluation in clinical trials appears timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Inês Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tereza Doušová
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TU München, München, Germany
| | - Melanie Janda
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Dutta RK, Chinnapaiyan S, Rasmussen L, Raju SV, Unwalla HJ. A Neutralizing Aptamer to TGFBR2 and miR-145 Antagonism Rescue Cigarette Smoke- and TGF-β-Mediated CFTR Expression. Mol Ther 2018; 27:442-455. [PMID: 30595527 PMCID: PMC6369566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), signaling induced by cigarette smoke (CS), plays an important role in the progression of airway diseases, like chronic bronchitis associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and in smokers. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by reduced mucociliary clearance (MCC). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays an important role in normal MCC. TGF-β and CS (via TGF-β) promote acquired CFTR dysfunction by suppressing CFTR biogenesis and function. Understanding the mechanism by which CS promotes CFTR dysfunction can identify therapeutic leads to reverse CFTR suppression and rescue MCC. TGF-β alters the microRNAome of primary human bronchial epithelium. TGF-β and CS upregulate miR-145-5p expression to suppress CFTR and the CFTR modifier, SLC26A9. miR-145-5p upregulation with a concomitant CFTR and SLC26A9 suppression was validated in CS-exposed mouse models. While miR-145-5p antagonism rescued the effects of TGF-β in bronchial epithelial cells following transfection, an aptamer to block TGF-β signaling rescues CS- and TGF-β-mediated suppression of CFTR biogenesis and function in the absence of any transfection reagent. These results demonstrate that miR-145-5p plays a significant role in acquired CFTR dysfunction by CS, and they validate a clinically feasible strategy for delivery by inhalation to locally modulate TGF-β signaling in the airway and rescue CFTR biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib K Dutta
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lawrence Rasmussen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Vamsee Raju
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Balázs A, Mall MA. Role of the SLC26A9 Chloride Channel as Disease Modifier and Potential Therapeutic Target in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1112. [PMID: 30327603 PMCID: PMC6174851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 26, member 9 (SLC26A9) is an epithelial chloride channel that is expressed in several organs affected in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) including the lungs, the pancreas, and the intestine. Emerging evidence suggests SLC26A9 as a modulator of wild-type and mutant CFTR function, and as a potential alternative target to circumvent the basic ion transport defect caused by deficient CFTR-mediated chloride transport in CF. In this review, we summarize in vitro studies that revealed multifaceted molecular and functional interactions between SLC26A9 and CFTR that may be implicated in normal transepithelial chloride secretion in health, as well as impaired chloride/fluid transport in CF. Further, we focus on recent genetic association studies and investigations utilizing genetically modified mouse models that identified SLC26A9 as a disease modifier and supported an important role of this alternative chloride channel in the pathophysiology of several organ manifestations in CF, as well as other chronic lung diseases such as asthma and non-CF bronchiectasis. Collectively, these findings and the overlapping endogenous expression with CFTR suggest SLC26A9 an attractive novel therapeutic target that may be exploited to restore epithelial chloride secretion in patients with CF irrespective of their CFTR genotype. In addition, pharmacological activation of SLC26A9 may help to augment the effect of CFTR modulator therapies in patients with CF carrying responsive mutations such as the most common disease-causing mutation F508del-CFTR. However, future research and development including the identification of compounds that activate SLC26A9-mediated chloride transport are needed to explore this alternative chloride channel as a therapeutic target in CF and potentially other muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balázs
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Concerns over reproducibility in research has reinvigorated the discourse on P-values as measures of statistical evidence. In a position statement by the American Statistical Association board of directors, they warn of P-value misuse and refer to the availability of alternatives. Despite the common practice of comparing P-values across different hypothesis tests in genetics, it is well-appreciated that P-values must be interpreted alongside the sample size and experimental design used for their computation. Here, we discuss the evidential statistical paradigm (EP), an alternative to Bayesian and Frequentist paradigms, that has been implemented in human genetics studies. Using applications in Cystic Fibrosis genetic association analyses, and describing recent theoretical developments, we review how to measure statistical evidence using the EP in the presence of covariates, model misspecification, and for composite hypotheses. Novel graphical displays are presented, and software for their computation is highlighted. The implications of multiple hypothesis testing for the EP are delineated in the analyses, demonstrating a view more consistent with scientific reasoning; the EP provides a theoretical justification for replication that is a requirement in genetic association studies. As genetic studies grow in size and complexity, a fresh look at measures of statistical evidence that are sensible amid the analysis of big data are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Strug
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Biostatistics and Department of Statistical SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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40
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Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), impaired airway surface hydration (ASL) and mucociliary clearance that promote chronic bacterial colonization, persistent inflammation, and progressive structural damage to the airway wall architecture are typically explained by ion transport abnormalities related to the mutation of the gene coding for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel. However, the progressive and unrelenting inflammation of the CF airway begins early in life, becomes persistent, and is excessive relative to the bacterial burden. Intrinsic abnormalities of the inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis have been suggested but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. This review aims to give an overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the defective resolution of inflammation in CF including the abnormal production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (lipoxin and resolvin) and their impact on the pathogenesis of the CF airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Philippe
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75993 Paris, France.
| | - Valerie Urbach
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75993 Paris, France.
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Liu X, Li T, Tuo B. Physiological and Pathophysiological Relevance of the Anion Transporter Slc26a9 in Multiple Organs. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1197. [PMID: 30233393 PMCID: PMC6127633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transepithelial Cl- and HCO3- transport is crucial for the function of all epithelia, and HCO3- is a biological buffer that maintains acid-base homeostasis. In most epithelia, a series of Cl-/HCO3- exchangers and Cl- channels that mediate Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion have been detected in the luminal and basolateral membranes. Slc26a9 belongs to the solute carrier 26 (Slc26) family of anion transporters expressed in the epithelia of multiple organs. This review summarizes the expression pattern and functional diversity of Slc26a9 in different systems based on all investigations performed thus far. Furthermore, the physical and functional interactions between Slc26a9 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are discussed due to their overlapping expression pattern in multiple organs. Finally, we focus on the relationship between slc26a9 mutations and disease onset. An understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of Slc26a9 in multiple organs offers new possibilities for disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
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Strug LJ, Stephenson AL, Panjwani N, Harris A. Recent advances in developing therapeutics for cystic fibrosis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:R173-R186. [PMID: 30060192 PMCID: PMC6061831 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite hope that a cure was imminent when the causative gene was cloned nearly 30 years ago, cystic fibrosis (CF [MIM: 219700]) remains a life-shortening disease affecting more than 70 000 individuals worldwide. However, within the last 6 years the Food and Drug Administration's approval of Ivacaftor, the first drug that corrects the defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein [CFTR (MIM: 602421)] in patients with the G551D mutation, marks a watershed in the development of novel therapeutics for this devastating disease. Here we review recent progress in diverse research areas, which all focus on curing CF at the genetic, biochemical or physiological level. In the near future it seems probable that development of mutation-specific therapies will be the focus, since it is unlikely that any one approach will be efficient in correcting the more than 2000 disease-associated variants. We discuss the new drugs and combinations of drugs that either enhance delivery of misfolded CFTR protein to the cell membrane, where it functions as an ion channel, or that activate channel opening. Next we consider approaches to correct the causative genetic lesion at the DNA or RNA level, through repressing stop mutations and nonsense-mediated decay, modulating splice mutations, fixing errors by gene editing or using novel routes to gene replacement. Finally, we explore how modifier genes, loci elsewhere in the genome that modify CF disease severity, may be used to restore a normal phenotype. Progress in all of these areas has been dramatic, generating enthusiasm that CF may soon become a broadly treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Strug
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne L Stephenson
- Department of Respirology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naim Panjwani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and remains one of the most common life-shortening genetic diseases affecting the lung and other organs. CFTR functions as a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelial surfaces, and disruption of these ion transport processes plays a central role in the pathogenesis of CF. These findings provided the rationale for pharmacologic modulation of ion transport, either by targeting mutant CFTR or alternative ion channels that can compensate for CFTR dysfunction, as a promising therapeutic approach. High-throughput screening has supported the development of CFTR modulator compounds. CFTR correctors are designed to improve defective protein processing, trafficking, and cell surface expression, whereas potentiators increase the activity of mutant CFTR at the cell surface. The approval of the first potentiator ivacaftor for the treatment of patients with specific CFTR mutations and, more recently, the corrector lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor for patients homozygous for the common F508del mutation, were major breakthroughs on the path to causal therapies for all patients with CF. The present review focuses on recent developments and remaining challenges of CFTR-directed therapies, as well as modulators of other ion channels such as alternative chloride channels and the epithelial sodium channel as additional targets in CF lung disease. We further discuss how patient-derived precision medicine models may aid the translation of emerging next-generation ion channel modulators from the laboratory to the clinic and tailor their use for optimal therapeutic benefits in individual patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Corvol H, Mésinèle J, Douksieh IH, Strug LJ, Boëlle PY, Guillot L. SLC26A9 Gene Is Associated With Lung Function Response to Ivacaftor in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:828. [PMID: 30140228 PMCID: PMC6095007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivacaftor is a drug used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) patients carrying specific gating CFTR mutations. Interpatient variability in the lung response has been shown to be partly explained by rs7512462 in the Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 9 (SLC26A9) gene. In an independent and larger cohort, we aimed to evaluate whether SLC26A9 variants contribute to the variability of the lung phenotype and if they influence the lung response to ivacaftor. We genotyped the French CF Gene Modifier Study cohort (n = 4,840) to investigate whether SLC26A9 variants were involved in the lung phenotype heterogeneity. Their influence in the response to ivacaftor was tested in the 30 treated patients who met the inclusion criteria: older than 6 years of age, percent-predicted forced expiratory volume measured in 1 s (FEV1pp) in the 3 months before treatment initiation ranging between 40 and 90%. Response to treatment was determined by the change in FEV1pp from baseline, averaged in 15–75 days, and the 1st-year post-treatment. We observed that SLC26A9 variants were not associated with lung function variability in untreated patients and that gain of lung function in patients treated with ivacaftor was similar to clinical trials. We confirmed that rs7512462 was associated with variability in ivacaftor-lung response, with a significant reduction in lung function improvement for patients with the C allele. Other SLC26A9 SNPs also contributed to the ivacaftor-response. Interindividual variability in lung response to ivacaftor is associated with SLC26A9 variants in French CF patients. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine will soon be part of CF patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Corvol
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France.,Pneumologie Pédiatrique, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Julie Mésinèle
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Isman-Hassan Douksieh
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Lisa J Strug
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves Boëlle
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France
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Chin S, Hung M, Won A, Wu YS, Ahmadi S, Yang D, Elmallah S, Toutah K, Hamilton CM, Young RN, Viirre RD, Yip CM, Bear CE. Lipophilicity of the Cystic Fibrosis Drug, Ivacaftor (VX-770), and Its Destabilizing Effect on the Major CF-causing Mutation: F508del. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:917-925. [PMID: 29903751 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the most common cystic fibrosis (CF)-causing mutation. Recently, ORKAMBI, a combination therapy that includes a corrector of the processing defect of F508del-CFTR (lumacaftor or VX-809) and a potentiator of channel activity (ivacaftor or VX-770), was approved for CF patients homozygous for this mutation. However, clinical studies revealed that the effect of ORKAMBI on lung function is modest and it was proposed that this modest effect relates to a negative impact of VX-770 on the stability of F508del-CFTR. In the current studies, we showed that this negative effect of VX-770 at 10 μM correlated with its inhibitory effect on VX-809-mediated correction of the interface between the second membrane spanning domain and the first nucleotide binding domain bearing F508del. Interestingly, we found that VX-770 exerted a similar negative effect on the stability of other membrane localized solute carriers (SLC26A3, SLC26A9, and SLC6A14), suggesting that this negative effect is not specific for F508del-CFTR. We determined that the relative destabilizing effect of a panel of VX-770 derivatives on F508del-CFTR correlated with their predicted lipophilicity. Polarized total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy on a supported lipid bilayer model shows that VX-770, and not its less lipophilic derivative, increased the fluidity of and reorganized the membrane. In summary, our findings show that there is a potential for nonspecific effects of VX-770 on the lipid bilayer and suggest that this effect may account for its destabilizing effect on VX-809- rescued F508del-CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Maurita Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Amy Won
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Yu-Sheng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Saumel Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Donghe Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Salma Elmallah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Krimo Toutah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - C Michael Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Robert N Young
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Russell D Viirre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
| | - Christine E Bear
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.C., M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., D.Y., C.E.B.); Departments of Biochemistry (S.C., C.E.B.) and Physiology (M.H., Y.-S.W., S.A., C.E.B.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.W., C.M.Y.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E., K.T., R.D.V.); and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (C.M.H., R.N.Y.)
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Maillé É, Ruffin M, Adam D, Messaoud H, Lafayette SL, McKay G, Nguyen D, Brochiero E. Quorum Sensing Down-Regulation Counteracts the Negative Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on CFTR Channel Expression, Function and Rescue in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:470. [PMID: 29177135 PMCID: PMC5686086 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels is crucial in human airways. However unfortunately, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has been shown to impair CFTR proteins in non-CF airway epithelial cells (AEC) and to alter the efficiency of new treatments with CFTR modulators designed to correct the basic CFTR default in AEC from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients carrying the F508del mutation. Our aim was first to compare the effect of laboratory strains, clinical isolates, engineered and natural mutants to determine the role of the LasR quorum sensing system in CFTR impairment, and second, to test the efficiency of a quorum sensing inhibitor to counteract the deleterious impact of P. aeruginosa both on wt-CFTR and on the rescue of F508del-CFTR by correctors. We first report that exoproducts from either the laboratory PAO1 strain or a clinical ≪Early≫ isolate (from an early stage of infection) altered CFTR expression, localization and function in AEC expressing wt-CFTR. Genetic inactivation of the quorum-sensing LasR in PAO1 (PAO1ΔlasR) or in a natural clinical mutant (≪Late≫ CF-adapted clinical isolate) abolished wt-CFTR impairment. PAO1 exoproducts also dampened F508del-CFTR rescue by VRT-325 or Vx-809 correctors in CF cells, whereas PAO1ΔlasR had no impact. Importantly, treatment of P. aeruginosa cultures with a quorum sensing inhibitor (HDMF) prevented the negative effect of P. aeruginosa exoproducts on wt-CFTR and preserved CFTR rescue by correctors in CF AEC. These findings indicate that LasR-interfering strategies could be of benefits to counteract the deleterious effect of P. aeruginosa in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Maillé
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hatem Messaoud
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shantelle L Lafayette
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey McKay
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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47
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Cholon DM, Gentzsch M. Recent progress in translational cystic fibrosis research using precision medicine strategies. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:S52-60. [PMID: 28986017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved in developing precision therapies for cystic fibrosis; however, highly effective treatments that target the ion channel, CFTR, are not yet available for many patients. As numerous CFTR therapeutics are currently in the clinical pipeline, reliable screening tools capable of predicting drug efficacy to support individualized treatment plans and translational research are essential. The utilization of bronchial, nasal, and rectal tissues from individual cystic fibrosis patients for drug testing using in vitro assays such as electrophysiological measurements of CFTR activity and evaluation of fluid movement in spheroid cultures, has advanced the prediction of patient-specific responses. However, for precise prediction of drug effects, in vitro models of CFTR rescue should incorporate the inflamed cystic fibrosis airway environment and mimic the complex tissue structures of airway epithelia. Furthermore, novel assays that monitor other aspects of successful CFTR rescue such as restoration of mucus characteristics, which is important for predicting mucociliary clearance, will allow for better prognoses of successful therapies in vivo. Additional cystic fibrosis treatment strategies are being intensively explored, such as development of drugs that target other ion channels, and novel technologies including pluripotent stem cells, gene therapy, and gene editing. The multiple therapeutic approaches available to treat the basic defect in cystic fibrosis combined with relevant precision medicine models provide a framework for identifying optimal and sustained treatments that will benefit all cystic fibrosis patients.
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48
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Bertrand CA, Mitra S, Mishra SK, Wang X, Zhao Y, Pilewski JM, Madden DR, Frizzell RA. The CFTR trafficking mutation F508del inhibits the constitutive activity of SLC26A9. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L912-L925. [PMID: 28360110 PMCID: PMC5495941 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00178.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the SLC26A family of anion transporters associate with CFTR, forming complexes in which CFTR and SLC26A functions are reciprocally regulated. These associations are thought to be facilitated by PDZ scaffolding interactions. CFTR has been shown to be positively regulated by NHERF-1, and negatively regulated by CAL in airway epithelia. However, it is unclear which PDZ-domain protein(s) interact with SLC26A9, a SLC26A family member found in airway epithelia. We have previously shown that primary, human bronchial epithelia (HBE) from non-CF donors exhibit constitutive anion secretion attributable to SLC26A9. However, constitutive anion secretion is absent in HBE from CF donors. We examined whether changes in SLC26A9 constitutive activity could be attributed to a loss of CFTR trafficking, and what role PDZ interactions played. HEK293 coexpressing SLC26A9 with the trafficking mutant F508del CFTR exhibited a significant reduction in constitutive current compared with cells coexpressing SLC26A9 and wt CFTR. We found that SLC26A9 exhibits complex glycosylation when coexpressed with F508del CFTR, but its expression at the plasma membrane is decreased. SLC26A9 interacted with both NHERF-1 and CAL, and its interaction with both significantly increased with coexpression of wt CFTR. However, coexpression with F508del CFTR only increased SLC26A9's interaction with CAL. Mutation of SLC26A9's PDZ motif decreased this association with CAL, and restored its constitutive activity. Correcting aberrant F508del CFTR trafficking in CF HBE with corrector VX-809 also restored SLC26A9 activity. We conclude that when SLC26A9 is coexpressed with F508del CFTR, its trafficking defect leads to a PDZ motif-sensitive intracellular retention of SLC26A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Bertrand
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
| | - Shalini Mitra
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjay K Mishra
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Dean R Madden
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Raymond A Frizzell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Zhou-Suckow Z, Duerr J, Hagner M, Agrawal R, Mall MA. Airway mucus, inflammation and remodeling: emerging links in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:537-50. [PMID: 28108847 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Airway mucus obstruction is a hallmark of many chronic lung diseases including rare genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia, as well as common lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which have emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the role of excess airway mucus in the in vivo pathogenesis of these diseases remains poorly understood. The generation of mice with airway-specific overexpression of epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC), exhibiting airway surface dehydration (mucus hyperconcentration), impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and mucus plugging, led to a model of muco-obstructive lung disease that shares key features of CF and COPD. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the understanding of causes of impaired MCC and in vivo consequences of airway mucus obstruction that can be inferred from studies in βENaC-overexpressing mice. These studies confirm that mucus hyperconcentration on airway surfaces plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of impaired MCC, mucus adhesion and airway plugging that cause airflow obstruction and provide a nidus for bacterial infection. In addition, these studies support the emerging concept that excess airway mucus per se, probably via several mechanisms including hypoxic epithelial necrosis, retention of inhaled irritants or allergens, and potential immunomodulatory effects, is a potent trigger of chronic airway inflammation and associated lung damage, even in the absence of bacterial infection. Finally, these studies suggest that improvement of mucus clearance may be a promising therapeutic strategy for a spectrum of muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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