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Samare-Najaf M, Razavinasab SA, Samareh A, Jamali N. Omics-based novel strategies in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:205-225. [PMID: 37878077 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2270736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis, an enigmatic and chronic disorder, is considered a debilitating condition despite being benign. Globally, this gynecologic disorder affects up to 10% of females of reproductive age, impacting almost 190 million individuals. A variety of genetic and environmental factors are involved in endometriosis development, hence the pathophysiology and etiology of endometriosis remain unclear. The uncertainty of the etiology of the disease and its complexity along with nonspecific symptoms have led to misdiagnosis or lack of diagnosis of affected people. Biopsy and laparoscopy are referred to as the gold standard for endometriosis diagnosis. However, the invasiveness of the procedure, the unnecessary operation in disease-free women, and the dependence of the reliability of diagnosis on experience in this area are considered the most significant limitations. Therefore, continuous studies have attempted to offer a noninvasive and reliable approach. The recent advances in modern technologies have led to the generation of large-scale biological data sets, known as -omics data, resulting in the proceeding of the -omics century in biomedical sciences. Thereby, the present study critically reviews novel and noninvasive biomarkers that are based on -omics approaches from 2020 onward. The findings reveal that biomarkers identified based on genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are potentially able to diagnose endometriosis, predict prognosis, and stage patients, and potentially, in the near future, a multi-panel of these biomarkers will generate clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samare-Najaf
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Kerman Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Kerman, Iran
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Samareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Navid Jamali
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
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2
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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Ma M, Zhuang J, Li H, Mi R, Song Y, Yang W, Lu Y, Shen X, Wu Y, Shen H. Low expression of ZFP36L1 in osteosarcoma promotes lung metastasis by inhibiting the SDC4-TGF-β signaling feedback loop. Oncogene 2024; 43:47-60. [PMID: 37935976 PMCID: PMC10766520 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
ZFP36L1, which is a negative regulator of gene transcripts, has been proven to regulate the progression of several carcinomas. However, its role in sarcoma remains unknown. Here, by using data analyses and in vivo experiments, we found that ZFP36L1 inhibited the lung metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS). Knockdown of ZFP36L1 promoted OS cell migration by activating TGF-β signaling and increasing SDC4 expression. Intriguingly, we observed a positive feedback loop between SDC4 and TGF-β signaling. SDC4 protected TGFBR3 from matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated cleavage and therefore relieved the inhibition of TGF-β signaling by soluble TGFBR3, while TGF-β signaling positively regulated SDC4 transcription. We also proved that ZFP36L1 regulated SDC4 mRNA decay through adenylate-uridylate (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in its 3'UTR. Furthermore, treatment with SB431542 (a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor) and MK2 inhibitor III (a MAPKAPK2 inhibitor that increases the ability of ZFP36L1 to degrade mRNA) dramatically inhibited OS lung metastasis, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of OS lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiahao Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Rujia Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yihui Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yixuan Lu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Peinado FM, Olivas-Martínez A, Iribarne-Durán LM, Ubiña A, León J, Vela-Soria F, Fernández-Parra J, Fernández MF, Olea N, Freire C, Ocón-Hernández O, Artacho-Cordón F. Cell cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and lipid metabolism gene expression in endometriotic tissue and exposure to parabens and benzophenones. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163014. [PMID: 37003176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the expression profile in endometriotic tissue of genes involved in four signaling pathways related to the development and progression of endometriosis (cell cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and lipid metabolism) and to explore its relationship with the women exposure to chemicals with hormonal activity released from cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs). METHODS This cross-sectional study, encompassed within the EndEA study, comprised a subsample of 33 women with endometriosis. Expression levels of 13 genes (BMI1, CCNB1, CDK1, BAX, BCL2L1, FOXO3, SPP1, HOXA10, PDGFRA, SOX2, APOE, PLCG1 and PLCG2) in endometriotic tissue and urinary concentrations of 4 paraben (PB) and 3 benzophenone (BP) congeners were quantified. Bivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between exposure and gene expression levels. RESULTS A total of 8 out 13 genes (61.5 %) were expressed in >75 % of the samples. Exposure to congeners of PBs and/or BPs was associated with the overexpression of CDK1 gene (whose protein drives cells through G2 phase and mitosis), HOXA10 and PDGFRA genes (whose proteins favor pluripotent cell differentiation to endometrial cells), and APOE (whose protein regulates the transport and metabolism of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in multiple tissues) and PLCG2 genes (whose protein creates 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, two important second messengers). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that women exposure to cosmetic and PCP-released chemicals might be associated with the promotion of cell cycle and cell differentiation as well as with lipid metabolism disruption in endometriotic tissue, three crucial signaling pathways in the development and progression of endometriosis. However, further studies should be accomplished to confirm these preliminary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - A Olivas-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - L M Iribarne-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - A Ubiña
- General surgery, San Cecilio University Hospital, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - J León
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Digestive Medicine Unit, 'San Cecilio' University Hospital, E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - J Fernández-Parra
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, 'Virgen de las Nieves' University Hospital, E-18014 Granada, Spain
| | - M F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - N Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Nuclear Medicine Unit, 'San Cecilio' University Hospital, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - C Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - O Ocón-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, 'San Cecilio' University Hospital, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain.
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Oto J, Le QK, Schäfer SD, Kiesel L, Marí-Alexandre J, Gilabert-Estellés J, Medina P, Götte M. Role of Syndecans in Ovarian Cancer: New Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3125. [PMID: 37370735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth cancer both in prevalence and mortality in women and represents the deadliest female reproductive cancer. Due to generally vague symptoms, OC is frequently diagnosed only at a late and advanced stage, resulting in high mortality. The tumor extracellular matrix and cellular matrix receptors play a key role in the pathogenesis of tumor progression. Syndecans are a family of four transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (PG), including syndecan-1, -2, -3, and -4, which are dysregulated in a myriad of cancers, including OC. Many clinicopathological studies suggest that these proteins are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for OC. Furthermore, functions of the syndecan family in the regulation of cellular processes make it an interesting pharmacological target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Quang-Khoi Le
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian D Schäfer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Josep Marí-Alexandre
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Gilabert-Estellés
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Hillemeyer L, Espinoza-sanchez NA, Greve B, Hassan N, Chelariu-raicu A, Kiesel L, Götte M. The Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Syndecan-3 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5793. [PMID: 35628603 PMCID: PMC9145288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans that integrate signaling at the cell surface. By interacting with cytokines, signaling receptors, proteases, and extracellular matrix proteins, syndecans regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. We analyzed public gene expression datasets to evaluate the dysregulation and potential prognostic impact of Syndecan-3 in ovarian cancer. Moreover, we performed functional in vitro analysis in syndecan-3-siRNA-treated SKOV3 and CAOV3 ovarian cancer cells. In silico analysis of public gene array datasets revealed that syndecan-3 mRNA expression was significantly increased 5.8-fold in ovarian cancer tissues (n = 744) and 3.4-fold in metastases (n = 44) compared with control tissue (n = 46), as independently confirmed in an RNAseq dataset on ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma tissue (n = 374, controls: n = 133, 3.5-fold increase tumor vs. normal). Syndecan-3 siRNA knockdown impaired 3D spheroid growth and colony formation as stemness-related readouts in SKOV3 and CAOV3 cells. In SKOV3, but not in CAOV3 cells, syndecan-3 depletion reduced cell viability both under basal conditions and under chemotherapy with cisplatin, or cisplatin and paclitaxel. While analysis of the SIOVDB database did not reveal differences in Syndecan-3 expression between patients, sensitive, resistant or refractory to chemotherapy, KM Plotter analysis of 1435 ovarian cancer patients revealed that high syndecan-3 expression was associated with reduced survival in patients treated with taxol and platin. At the molecular level, a reduction in Stat3 activation and changes in the expression of Wnt and notch signaling constituents were observed. Our study suggests that up-regulation of syndecan-3 promotes the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer by modulating stemness-associated pathways.
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Hilgers K, Ibrahim SA, Kiesel L, Greve B, Espinoza-Sánchez NA, Götte M. Differential Impact of Membrane-Bound and Soluble Forms of the Prognostic Marker Syndecan-1 on the Invasiveness, Migration, Apoptosis, and Proliferation of Cervical Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:803899. [PMID: 35155241 PMCID: PMC8828476 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.803899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks fourth among the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors in women worldwide. Previously published evidence suggested a possible connection between the expression of the membrane-bound heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) and the development of cervical carcinoma. Sdc-1 serves as a matrix receptor and coreceptor for receptor tyrosine kinases and additional signaling pathways. It influences cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration and is seen as a modulator of the tumor microenvironment. Following proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular domain in a process called shedding, Sdc-1 can act as a paracrine effector. The loss of Sdc-1 expression is associated with low differentiation of cervical carcinoma and with an increased rate of lymph node metastases. Here, we analyzed the clinical impact of Sdc-1 expression by analysis of public gene expression datasets and studied the effect of an overexpression of Sdc-1 and its membrane-bound and soluble forms on the malignant properties of the human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa through functional analysis. For this purpose, the HeLa cells were stably transfected with the control plasmid pcDNA3.1 and three different Sdc-1-DNA constructs,encoding wild-type, permanently membrane-bound, and constitutively soluble Sdc-1. In clinical specimens, Sdc-1 mRNA was more highly expressed in local tumor tissues than in normal and metastatic cervical cancer tissues. Moreover, high Sdc-1 expression correlated with a poor prognosis in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, suggesting the important role of Sdc-1 in the progression of this type of cancer. In vitro, we found that the soluble, as well as the permanently membrane-bound forms of Sdc-1 modulated the proliferation and the cell cycle, while membrane-bound Sdc1 regulated HeLa cell apoptosis. The overexpression of Sdc-1 and its soluble form increased invasiveness. In vitro scratch/wound healing assay, showed reduced Sdc-1-dependent cell motility which was linked to the Rho-GTPase signaling pathway. In conclusion, in cervical cancer Sdc-1 modulates pathogenetically relevant processes, which depend on the membrane-association of Sdc-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hilgers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Nancy A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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蔡 虹, 刘 勉, 林 妙, 李 红, 沈 朗, 全 松. [Lowered expression of CCN5 in endometriotic tissues promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial stromal cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:86-92. [PMID: 35249874 PMCID: PMC8901405 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of CCN5 in endometriotic tissues and its impact on proliferation, migration and invasion of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). METHODS We collected ovarian endometriosis samples from 20 women receiving laparoscopic surgery and eutopic endometrium samples from 15 women undergoing IVF-ET for comparison of CCN5 expression. Cultured HESCs were transfected with a recombinant adenovirus Ad-CCN5 for CCN5 overexpression or with a CCN5-specific siRNA for knocking down CCN5 expression, and the changes of cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay and Transwell chamber assay. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail-1 and vimentin in HESCs with CCN5 overexpression or knockdown. RESULTS CCN5 expression was significantly decreased in ovarian endometriosis tissues as compared with eutopic endometrium samples (P < 0.01). CCN5 overexpression obviously inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HESCs, significantly increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the expressions of N-cadherin, Snail-1 and vimentin (P < 0.01). CCN5 knockdown significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of HESCs and produced opposite effects on the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail-1 and vimentin (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION CCN5 can regulate the proliferation, migration and invasion of HESCs and thus plays an important role in EMT of HESCs, suggesting the potential of CCN5 as a therapeutic target for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 虹 蔡
- />南方医科大学南方医院妇产科,广东 广州 510515Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 勉 刘
- />南方医科大学南方医院妇产科,广东 广州 510515Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 妙玲 林
- />南方医科大学南方医院妇产科,广东 广州 510515Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 红 李
- />南方医科大学南方医院妇产科,广东 广州 510515Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 朗 沈
- />南方医科大学南方医院妇产科,广东 广州 510515Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 松 全
- />南方医科大学南方医院妇产科,广东 广州 510515Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Li X, Wang Q, Wu Z, Zheng J, Ji L. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis for Identification of the Hub Genes Linked with Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:5113447. [PMID: 35047055 PMCID: PMC8763496 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most usual gynecological state of tumor is ovarian cancer and is a major reason of gynecological tumor-related global mortality rate. There have been multiple risk elements related to ovarian cancer like the background of past cases associated with breast cancer or ovarian cancer, or excessive body weight issues, case history of smoking, and untimely menstruation or menopause. Because of unclear expressions, more than 70% of the ovarian cancer patient cases are determined during the early stage. Material and Methods. GSE38666, GSE40595, and GSE66957 were the three microarray datasets which were analyzed using GEO2R for screening the differentially expressed genes. GO, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and protein expression studies were performed for analysis of hub genes. Then, survival analysis was performed for all the hub genes. RESULTS From the dataset, a total of 199 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Through the KEGG pathway study, it was noted that the DEGs are mainly linked with the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, central carbon metabolism, and human papillomavirus infection. The survival analysis showed 4 highly expressed hub genes COL4A1, SDC1, CDKN2A, and TOP2A which correlated with overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, the expression of the 4 hub genes was validated by the GEPIA database and the Human Protein Atlas. CONCLUSION The results have shown that all 4 hub genes were found to be upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues which predict poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhicheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ling Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Li Q, Xi M, Shen F, Fu F, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhou J. Identification of Candidate Gene Signatures and Regulatory Networks in Endometriosis and its Related Infertility by Integrated Analysis. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:411-426. [PMID: 34993929 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease associated with infertility, and it represents an economic burden worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis development have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to identify reliable key genes and the related regulatory network that may be involved in endometriosis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through integrated analysis of four expression datasets of endometriosis from Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene functional analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed to reveal the potential function of DEGs. Subsequently, candidate hub genes were defined and validated in GSE105764 dataset, and the associated regulatory networks were constructed. Additionally, GSE120103 dataset was applied to identify the differential expression between the infertile and fertile groups of patients with stage IV endometriosis. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to identify the differential expression of hub genes in the collected clinical specimens. Robust rank aggregation integrated analysis determined 158 DEGs. Epithelial cell differentiation was the most significantly enriched biological process, and leukocyte transendothelial migration was the most significantly enriched pathway. Eight hub genes including CLDN3, CLDN5, CLDN7, CLDN11, HOXC8, HOXC6, HOXB6, and HOXB7 were identified, and most of these were validated as abnormally expressed genes in both the infertile group and patients with endometriosis. Transcriptional factors and microRNAs related to these genes were identified. Altogether, our integrated analysis identified critical gene signatures, involved pathways, and regulatory networks, which could provide clinically significant insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis and its related infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangrong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Sun L, Wei Y, Wang J. Circular RNA PIP5K1A (circPIP5K1A) accelerates endometriosis progression by regulating the miR-153-3p/Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked (TMSB4X) pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7104-7118. [PMID: 34546850 PMCID: PMC8806837 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1978618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common gynecologic disease, endometriosis (EM) poses a threat to the reproductive health of about 10% women globally. Recent studies have revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are deeply implicated in EM pathogenesis. However, the functions of circPIP5K1A in EM have not been studied yet. Our study intended to uncover the molecular mechanism of circPIP5K1A in EM. In this work, gene and protein expressions were determined by RT-qPCR or Western blotting. CCK-8, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were conducted to analyze cell viability, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, as well as RIP assay were performed to investigate the combination between miR-153-3p and circPIP5K1A or TMSB4X. Herein, we found remarkable high circPIP5K1A expression in EM tissues and cells. Silencing of circPIP5K1A suppressed proliferation, restrained cell cycle, increased cell apoptosis, and decreased migration and invasion in EM cells. In addition, miR-153-3p inhibition could abrogate the impacts of circPIP5K1A knockdown on EM progression in vitro. Also, we found that circPIP5K1A regulated TMSB4X level via interaction with miR-153-3p in EM cells. Besides, circPIP5K1A promoted EM progression via TMSB4X. Moreover, TMSB4X could activate the TGF-β signaling in hEM15A cells. To sum up, our study elucidated that circPIP5K1A accelerated EM progression in vitro by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway via the miR-153-3p/TMSB4X axis, providing a potential clinical target for EM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science&Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, P.R.China
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Králíčková M, Vetvicka V, Fiala L, Laganà AS, Garzon S. The Search for Biomarkers in Endometriosis: a Long and Windy Road. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1667-1673. [PMID: 34159571 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex and chronic estrogen-dependent disease, affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age. Despite the long interest and extensive research, the pathogenesis of the disease is still debated. Although available non-invasive diagnostic methods have adequate accuracy, an invasive approach by laparoscopy is often necessary to obtain histological confirmation. In this scenario, the search for an accurate, reliable, cost-effective, clinically applicable non-invasive biomarker plays a crucial role in a potentially early diagnosis and, in this way, shape the future management of the disease. Considering these elements, the current review aims to summarize the most significant and novel results about biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of women affected by endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Luděk Fiala
- Institute of Sexology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100, Varese, Italy.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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13
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Mc Cormack B, Maenhoudt N, Fincke V, Stejskalova A, Greve B, Kiesel L, Meresman GF, Vankelecom H, Götte M, Barañao RI. The ellagic acid metabolites urolithin A and B differentially affect growth, adhesion, motility, and invasion of endometriotic cells in vitro. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1501-1519. [PMID: 33748857 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the effects of plant-derived antioxidant compounds urolithin A (UA) and B (UB) on the growth and pathogenetic properties of an in vitro endometriosis model? SUMMARY ANSWER Both urolithins showed inhibitory effects on cell behavior related to the development of endometriosis by differentially affecting growth, adhesion, motility, and invasion of endometriotic cells in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is one of the most common benign gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age and is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. As current pharmacological therapies are associated with side effects interfering with fertility, we aimed at finding alternative therapeutics using natural compounds that can be administered for prolonged periods with a favorable side effects profile. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In vitro cultures of primary endometriotic stromal cells from 6 patients subjected to laparoscopy for benign pathologies with histologically confirmed endometriosis; and immortalized endometrial stromal (St-T1b) and endometriotic epithelial cells (12Z) were utilized to assess the effects of UA and UB on endometriotic cell properties. Results were validated in three-dimensional (3D) in vitro co-culture spheroids of 12Z and primary endometriotic stroma cells of one patient, and organoids from 3 independent donors with endometriosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effects on cell growth were measured by non-radioactive colorimetric assay to measure cellular metabolic activity as an indicator of cell viability (MTT assay) and flow cytometric cell cycle assay on primary cultures, St-T1b, and 12Z. Apoptosis analyses, the impact on in vitro adhesion, migration, and invasion were evaluated in the cell lines. Moreover, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays were performed on primary cultures, St- T1b and 12Z to evaluate a plausible mechanistic contribution by factors related to proteolysis (matrix metalloproteinase 2, 3 and 9 -MMP2, MMP3, MMP9-, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases -TIMP-1-), cytoskeletal regulators (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 -RAC1-, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 -ROCK2-), and cell adhesion molecules (Syndecan 1 -SDC1-, Integrin alpha V-ITGAV-). Finally, the urolithins effects were evaluated on spheroids and organoids by formation, viability, and drug screen assays. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE 40 µM UA and 20 µM UB produced a significant decrease in cell proliferation in the primary endometriotic cell cultures (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) and in the St-T1b cell line (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). In St-T1b, UA exhibited a mean half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 39.88 µM, while UB exhibited a mean IC50 of 79.92 µM. Both 40 µM UA and 20 µM UB produced an increase in cells in the S phase of the cell cycle (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The same concentration of UA also increased the percentage of apoptotic ST-t1b cells (P < 0.05), while both urolithins decreased cell migration after 24 h (P < 0.001 both). Only the addition of 5 µM UB decreased the number of St-T1b adherent cells. TIMP-1 expression was upregulated in response to treating the cells with 40 µM UA (P < 0.05). Regarding the 12Z endometriotic cell line, only 40 µM UA decreased proliferation (P < 0.01); while both 40 µM UA and 20 µM UB produced an increase in cells in the G2/M phase (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). In this cell line, UA exhibited a mean IC50 of 40.46 µM, while UB exhibited a mean IC50 of 54.79 µM. UB decreased cell migration (P < 0.05), and decreased the number of adherent cells (P < 0.05). Both 40 µM UA and 20 µM UB significantly decreased the cellular invasion of these cells; and several genes were altered when treating the cells with 40 µM UA and 10 µM UB. The expression of MMP2 was downregulated by UA (P < 0.001), and expression of MMP3 (UA P < 0.001 and UB P < 0.05) and MMP9 (P < 0.05, both) were downregulated by both urolithins. Moreover, UA significantly downregulated ROCK2 (P < 0.05), whereas UB treatment was associated with RAC1 downregulation (P < 0.05). Finally, the matrix adhesion receptors and signaling (co)receptors SDC1 and ITGAV were downregulated upon treatment with either UA or UB (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively in both cases). Regarding the effects of urolithins on 3D models, we have seen that they significantly decrease the viability of endometriosis spheroids (80 µM UA and UB: P < 0.05 both) as well as affecting their area (40 µM UA: P < 0.05, and 80 µM UA: P < 0.01) and integrity (40 µM UA and UB: P < 0.05, 80 µM UA and UB: P < 0.01). On the other hand, UA and UB significantly inhibited organoid development/outgrowth (40 and 80 µM UA: P < 0.0001 both; 40 µM UB: P < ns-0.05-0.001, and 80 µM UB: P < 0.01-0.001-0.001), and all organoid lines show urolithins sensitivity resulting in decreasing viability (UA exhibited a mean IC50 of 33.93 µM, while UB exhibited a mean IC50 of 52.60 µM). LARGE-SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was performed on in vitro endometriosis models. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These in vitro results provide new insights into the pathogenetic pathways affected by these compounds and mark their use as a potential new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded EU MSCA-RISE-2015 project MOMENDO (691058). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mc Cormack
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Maenhoudt
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Cluster, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Fincke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - A Stejskalova
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - B Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - L Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - G F Meresman
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Cluster, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - R I Barañao
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Onyeisi JOS, Lopes CC, Götte M. Syndecan-4 as a Pathogenesis Factor and Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:503. [PMID: 33810567 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in research on the biology of cancer revealed alterations in several key pathways underlying tumorigenesis and provided molecular targets for developing new and improved existing therapies. Syndecan-4, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is a central mediator of cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Although several studies have demonstrated important roles of syndecan-4 in cell behavior and its interactions with growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and cytoskeletal signaling proteins, less is known about its role and expression in multiple cancer. The data summarized in this review demonstrate that high expression of syndecan-4 is an unfavorable biomarker for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, glioma, liver cancer, melanoma, osteosarcoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and testicular, kidney and bladder cancer. In contrast, in neuroblastoma and colorectal cancer, syndecan-4 is downregulated. Interestingly, syndecan-4 expression is modulated by anticancer drugs. It is upregulated upon treatment with zoledronate and this effect reduces invasion of breast cancer cells. In our recent work, we demonstrated that the syndecan-4 level was reduced after trastuzumab treatment. Similarly, syndecan-4 levels are also reduced after panitumumab treatment. Together, the data found suggest that syndecan-4 level is crucial for understanding the changes involving in malignant transformation, and also demonstrate that syndecan-4 emerges as an important target for cancer therapy and diagnosis.
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Hassan N, Greve B, Espinoza-Sánchez NA, Götte M. Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans as multifunctional integrators of signaling in cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109822. [PMID: 33152440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) represent a large proportion of the components that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM). They are a diverse group of glycoproteins characterized by a covalent link to a specific glycosaminoglycan type. As part of the ECM, heparan sulfate (HS)PGs participate in both physiological and pathological processes including cell recruitment during inflammation and the promotion of cell proliferation, adhesion and motility during development, angiogenesis, wound repair and tumor progression. A key function of HSPGs is their ability to modulate the expression and function of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, morphogens, and adhesion molecules. This is due to their capacity to act as ligands or co-receptors for various signal-transducing receptors, affecting pathways such as FGF, VEGF, chemokines, integrins, Wnt, notch, IL-6/JAK-STAT3, and NF-κB. The activation of those pathways has been implicated in the induction, progression, and malignancy of a tumor. For many years, the study of signaling has allowed for designing specific drugs targeting these pathways for cancer treatment, with very positive results. Likewise, HSPGs have become the subject of cancer research and are increasingly recognized as important therapeutic targets. Although they have been studied in a variety of preclinical and experimental models, their mechanism of action in malignancy still needs to be more clearly defined. In this review, we discuss the role of cell-surface HSPGs as pleiotropic modulators of signaling in cancer and identify them as promising markers and targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany; Biotechnology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nancy A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
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