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Ianno V, Vurpillot S, Prillieux S, Espeau P. Pediatric Formulations Developed by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing: From Past Discoveries to Future Prospects. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:441. [PMID: 38675103 PMCID: PMC11054634 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology in pharmaceutical areas is leading to a significant change in controlled drug delivery and pharmaceutical product development. Pharmaceutical industries and academics are becoming increasingly interested in this innovative technology due to its inherent inexpensiveness and rapid prototyping. The 3DP process could be established in the pharmaceutical industry to replace conventional large-scale manufacturing processes, particularly useful for personalizing pediatric drugs. For instance, shape, size, dosage, drug release and multi-drug combinations can be tailored according to the patient's needs. Pediatric drug development has a significant global impact due to the growing needs for accessible age-appropriate pediatric medicines and for acceptable drug products to ensure adherence to the prescribed treatment. Three-dimensional printing offers several significant advantages for clinical pharmaceutical drug development, such as the ability to personalize medicines, speed up drug manufacturing timelines and provide on-demand drugs in hospitals and pharmacies. The aim of this article is to highlight the benefits of extrusion-based 3D printing technology. The future potential of 3DP in pharmaceuticals has been widely shown in the last few years. This article summarizes the discoveries about pediatric pharmaceutical formulations which have been developed with extrusion-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ianno
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
- Delpharm Reims, 51100 Reims, France; (S.V.); (S.P.)
| | | | | | - Philippe Espeau
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
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Barrios-Rodríguez YF, Igual M, Martínez-Monzó J, García-Segovia P. Multivariate evaluation of the printing process on 3D printing of rice protein. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113838. [PMID: 38163690 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The combination of printing parameters appropriately improves the printability of 3D-printed foods. In this regard, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of 3D printing process parameters on protein food generation. Printability of a cylinder 3 cm in diameter and 1 cm in height using a protein mixture of rice water and xanthan gum with a ratio of 30:70:0.5 was evaluated in an extrusion printer with an XYZ system. A ½ fractional factorial design was used with three factors: nozzle diameter (1.2 - 2.2 mm), layer height (1.0 - 2.0 mm), and print speed (20 - 50 mm/s). Each combination of factor levels was performed in triplicate for 12 runs plus three central points. Print time (min), sample weight, change in diameter (%), change in height (%), change in volume (%), mass flow rate (mg/s), appreciation (qualitative variable), and textural and rheology characters were obtained as response variables. The linear effects of the factors and combination factors were evaluated by analysis of variance. Additionally, a principal component analysis was performed to visualize the similarity between the observations and the relationship between the variables. The results showed that the layer height and nozzle diameter affect the printing accuracy concerning surface quality, shape stability, resolution, and layer layout. The nozzle with a diameter of 1.7 mm combined with speeds between 35 and 50 mm/s allowed the effects of overextrusion to be overcome, generating a better flow of the material. Low scores in the printability variable were related to low-speed values (20 mm/s) and a high nozzle diameter (2.2 mm), which generated higher deformations in the printed protein cylinder. Additionally, some printing conditions affected the textural and rheological characteristics, which allowed inferring that the capacity of the protein mass to store and recover energy in compression processes is conditioned by the printing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Igual
- i-FOOD, Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos-FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Monzó
- i-FOOD, Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos-FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Purificación García-Segovia
- i-FOOD, Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos-FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
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Carou-Senra P, Rodríguez-Pombo L, Monteagudo-Vilavedra E, Awad A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Basit AW, Goyanes A, Couce ML. 3D Printing of Dietary Products for the Management of Inborn Errors of Intermediary Metabolism in Pediatric Populations. Nutrients 2023; 16:61. [PMID: 38201891 PMCID: PMC10780524 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Inborn Error of Intermediary Metabolism (IEiM) diseases may be low, yet collectively, they impact approximately 6-10% of the global population, primarily affecting children. Precise treatment doses and strict adherence to prescribed diet and pharmacological treatment regimens are imperative to avert metabolic disturbances in patients. However, the existing dietary and pharmacological products suffer from poor palatability, posing challenges to patient adherence. Furthermore, frequent dose adjustments contingent on age and drug blood levels further complicate treatment. Semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing technology is currently under assessment as a pioneering method for crafting customized chewable dosage forms, surmounting the primary limitations prevalent in present therapies. This method offers a spectrum of advantages, including the flexibility to tailor patient-specific doses, excipients, and organoleptic properties. These elements are pivotal in ensuring the treatment's efficacy, safety, and adherence. This comprehensive review presents the current landscape of available dietary products, diagnostic methods, therapeutic monitoring, and the latest advancements in SSE technology. It highlights the rationale underpinning their adoption while addressing regulatory aspects imperative for their seamless integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carou-Senra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Lucía Rodríguez-Pombo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Einés Monteagudo-Vilavedra
- Servicio de Neonatología, Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, RICORS, CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Atheer Awad
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
- FABRX Artificial Intelligence, 27543 O Saviñao, Spain
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
- FABRX Artificial Intelligence, 27543 O Saviñao, Spain
| | - María L. Couce
- Servicio de Neonatología, Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, RICORS, CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Johannesson J, Pathare MM, Johansson M, Bergström CAS, Teleki A. Synergistic stabilization of emulsion gel by nanoparticles and surfactant enables 3D printing of lipid-rich solid oral dosage forms. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1253-1264. [PMID: 37478742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical formulation of oral dosage forms is continuously challenged by the low solubility of new drug candidates. Pickering emulsions, emulsions stabilized with solid particles, are a promising alternative to surfactants for developing long-term stable emulsions that can be tailored for controlled release of lipophilic drugs. In this work, a non-emulsifying lipid-based formulation (LBF) loaded with fenofibrate was formulated into an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion synergistically stabilized by stearic acid and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. The emulsion had a droplet size of 341 nm with SiO2 particles partially covering the oil-water interface. In vitro lipid digestion was faster for the emulsion compared to the corresponding LBF due to the larger total surface area available for digestion. Cellulose biopolymers were added to the emulsion to produce a gel for semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing into tablets. The emulsion gel showed suitable rheological attributes for SSE, with a trend of higher viscosity, yield stress, and storage modulus (G'), compared to a conventional self-emulsifying lipid-based emulsion gel. The developed emulsion gel allows for a non-emulsifying LBF to be transformed into solid dosage forms for rapid lipid digestion and drug release of a poorly water-soluble drug in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Johannesson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malhar Manik Pathare
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Johansson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandra Teleki
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chachlioutaki K, Gioumouxouzis C, Karavasili C, Fatouros DG. Small patients, big challenges: navigating pediatric drug manipulations to prevent medication errors - a comprehensive review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1489-1509. [PMID: 37857515 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2273838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication errors during drug manipulations in pediatric care pose significant challenges to patient safety and optimal medication management. Epidemiological studies have revealed a high prevalenceof medication errors throughout the medication process. Due to the lack of age-appropriate dosage forms, medication manipulation is common in pediatric drug administration. The consequences of these manipulations on drug efficacy and safety could be devastating, highlighting the need for evidence-based guidelines and standardized compounding practices. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on examining medication errors in pediatric care and delving into the manipulation of medicinal products. EXPERT OPINION The observed prevalence of medication errors and manipulations underscores the importance of addressing these issues to enhance patient safety and improve medication outcomes in pediatric care. Overall, the development of age-appropriate formulations and the dissemination of comprehensive clinical guidelines are essential steps toward improving medication safety and minimizing manipulations in pediatric healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlioutaki
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Gioumouxouzis
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bogdan C, Hales D, Cornilă A, Casian T, Iovanov R, Tomuță I, Iurian S. Texture analysis – a versatile tool for pharmaceutical evaluation of solid oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122916. [PMID: 37019322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, texture analysis (TA) has gained importance as a valuable method for the characterization of solid oral dosage forms. As a result, an increasing number of scientific publications describe the textural methods that evaluate the extremely diverse category of solid pharmaceutical products. Within the current work, the use of texture analysis in the characterization of solid oral dosage forms is summarised with a focus on the evaluation of intermediate and finished oral pharmaceutical products. Several texture methods are reviewed regarding the applications in mechanical characterization, and mucoadhesion testing, but also in estimating the disintegration time and in vivo specific features of oral dosage forms. As there are no pharmacopoeial standards for pharmaceutical products tested through texture analysis, and there are important differences between reported results due to different experimental conditions, the choice of testing protocol and parameters is challenging. Thereby, this work aims to guide the research scientists and quality assurance professionals involved in different stages of drug development into the selection of optimal texture methodologies depending on the product characteristics and quality control needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Bogdan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Hales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea Cornilă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rareș Iovanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Macedo J, Marques R, Vervaet C, Pinto JF. Production of Bi-Compartmental Tablets by FDM 3D Printing for the Withdrawal of Diazepam. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839860 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazepam (DZP) is a long-acting benzodiazepine to treat anxiety or acute alcohol withdrawal. Although this class of drugs should be taken for a short period of time, many patients take them for longer than recommended, which has been linked to an increased risk of dementia and dependence. The present work aimed at using the dual-nozzle system of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers to prepare tablets with gradual doses of DZP with constant mass and size. Placebo and DZP-loaded filaments were prepared by hot-melt extrusion and used to print the bi-compartmental tablets. Thermal processing allowed the conversion of crystalline DZP to its amorphous counterpart. Tablets with different DZP contents were effectively printed with a mass, thickness and diameter average of 111.6 mg, 3.1 mm, and 6.4 mm, respectively. Microscopic data showed good adhesion between the different layers in the printed tablets. The desired drug contents were successfully achieved and were within the acceptance criteria (European Pharmacopeia). The combination of a placebo and drug-loaded extrudates proved to be beneficial in the production of tablets by FDM for patients in need of drug withdrawal.
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Hu J, Fitaihi R, Abukhamees S, Abdelhakim HE. Formulation and Characterisation of Carbamazepine Orodispersible 3D-Printed Mini-Tablets for Paediatric Use. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010250. [PMID: 36678881 PMCID: PMC9860831 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges to paediatric drug administration is swallowing difficulties, hindering the acceptability of the medicine and hence clinical outcomes. This study aims at developing a child-appropriate dosage form, the orodispersible mini-tablet (ODMT), using the model drug carbamazepine (CBZ). This dosage form was prepared and 3D-printed via a semi-solid extrusion technique. Design of Experiment methods were applied for optimising the formulation. The formulation with 40% (w/w) of SSG (superdisintegrant) and 5% (w/w) of PVP K30 (binder) was selected and loaded with CBZ. The drug-loaded tablets were characterised by a mean hardness of 18.5 N and a disintegrating time of 84 s, along with acceptable friability. The mean drug loading ratio of the tablets was tested as 90.56%, and the drug release rate in 0.1 M HCl reached 68.3% at 45 min. Excipients showed proper compatibility with the drug in physical form analysis. Taste assessment via an E-tongue was also conducted, where the drug did not show bitter taste signals at a low concentration in the taste assessment, and the sweetener also blocked bitterness signals in the testing. To this end, ODMTs were found to be potential candidates for child-appropriate dosage forms delivering CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Hu
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Rawan Fitaihi
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shorooq Abukhamees
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Hend E. Abdelhakim
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Correspondence:
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Karavasili C, Zgouro P, Manousi N, Lazaridou A, Zacharis CK, Bouropoulos N, Moschakis T, Fatouros DG. Cereal-based 3D printed dosage forms for drug administration during breakfast in pediatric patients within a hospital setting. J Pharm Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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