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Li Z, Li X, He F. Non-structural carbohydrates contributed to cold tolerance and regeneration of Medicago sativa L. Planta 2023; 257:116. [PMID: 37171508 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Soil water content only affected regeneration time, whereas the NSC content was related to the success of alfalfa regeneration. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are important factors influencing the overwintering and regeneration of alfalfa. In this study, we analyzed eight in-situ samplings at three depths of coarse roots (crown, 20 and 40 cm depths) during the overwintering period and assessed the dynamic change and allocation of root NSCs under three irrigation frequencies (irrigation once every second day/4 days/8 days). Primary results showed that: (i) before cold acclimation, irrigation once every second day was beneficial to the accumulation of soluble sugars and starch in crown tissues, which would be maintained until the following spring and accelerate the regeneration time of alfalfa; (ii) during the overwintering process, the soluble sugars and starch contents in the crown were significantly higher than those in deeper roots, and there was an asynchronous effect caused by the change in soluble sugars and starch among roots at three depths; and (iii) the change trend of soluble sugar and starch contents was consistent with that of semi-lethal temperature, and there was a significant negative correlation between the content of soluble sugar (R2 = 0.8046) and starch (R2 = 0.6332) and the semi-lethal temperature. This study demonstrated that NSCs are the key driver of cold tolerance and regeneration under the three irrigation frequencies evaluated. Our results provide further insight into the allocation of NSCs in winter. This improved understanding of the mechanism of overwintering will allow for improved water management of alfalfa in high latitude areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensong Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sawicki M, Rondeau M, Courteaux B, Rabenoelina F, Guerriero G, Gomès E, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Balzergue S, Clément C, Ait Barka E, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Jacquard C. On a Cold Night: Transcriptomics of Grapevine Flower Unveils Signal Transduction and Impacted Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1130. [PMID: 30841651 PMCID: PMC6429367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature is a critical environmental factor limiting plant productivity, especially in northern vineyards. To clarify the impact of this stress on grapevine flower, we used the Vitis array based on Roche-NimbleGen technology to investigate the gene expression of flowers submitted to a cold night. Our objectives were to identify modifications in the transcript levels after stress and during recovery. Consequently, our results confirmed some mechanisms known in grapes or other plants in response to cold stress, notably, (1) the pivotal role of calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling; (2) the over-expression of sugar transporters and some genes involved in plant defense (especially in carbon metabolism), and (3) the down-regulation of genes encoding galactinol synthase (GOLS), pectate lyases, or polygalacturonases. We also identified some mechanisms not yet known to be involved in the response to cold stress, i.e., (1) the up-regulation of genes encoding G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine threonine-protein kinase, pathogen recognition receptor (PRR5), or heat-shock factors among others; (2) the down-regulation of Myeloblastosis (MYB)-related transcription factors and the Constans-like zinc finger family; and (3) the down-regulation of some genes encoding Pathogen-Related (PR)-proteins. Taken together, our results revealed interesting features and potentially valuable traits associated with stress responses in the grapevine flower. From a long-term perspective, our study provides useful starting points for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Sawicki
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Marine Rondeau
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Barbara Courteaux
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Eric Gomès
- Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, UMR 1287 Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, University of Bordeaux, INRA 210 Chemin de Leysotte - CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon CEDEX, France.
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France.
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé CEDEX, France.
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Essaïd Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
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Silva A, Noronha H, Dai Z, Delrot S, Gerós H. Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. Planta 2017; 246:525-535. [PMID: 28526983 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe leaf removal decreases storage starch and sucrose in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings and modulates the activity of key enzymes and the expression of sugar transporter genes. Leaf removal is an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition. In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. Starch concentration was significantly higher in canes from 6L (42.13 ± 1.44 mg g DW-1) and 12L (43.50 ± 2.85 mg g DW-1) than in 2L (22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1) plants. Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. Sucrose concentration increased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, and the amount of total phenolics followed the same trend. Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. Thus, sucrose seems to control starch accumulation through the adjustment of the cane sink strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Silva
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henrique Noronha
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Serge Delrot
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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4
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Spagnolo A, Mondello V, Larignon P, Villaume S, Rabenoelina F, Clément C, Fontaine F. Defense Responses in Grapevine (cv. Mourvèdre) after Inoculation with the Botryosphaeria Dieback Pathogens Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata and Their Relationship with Flowering. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E393. [PMID: 28208805 PMCID: PMC5343928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the increasing economic impact of grapevine trunk diseases on viticulture worldwide, efficient and viable control strategies are urgently needed. However, understanding both plant-pathogen interactions and plant physiological changes related to these diseases is fundamental to such an achievement. In this study, we analyzed the effect of inoculation with the Botryosphaeria dieback fungal agents, Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata, with and without inflorescence removal at the onset of G stage (separated clusters), I stage (flowering) and M stage (veraison). A measure of lesion size and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-based analysis were carried out. The results clearly show the importance of inflorescences in the development of lesions associated with Botryosphaeria dieback pathogens inoculated on green stems of adult vines, especially at the onset of flowering. At flowering, the biggest necroses were observed with the inflorescences present, as well as an activation of the studied defense responses. Thus, an ineffective response to the pathogen could be consistent with a possible metabolic reprogramming linked to the host phenophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Spagnolo
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, (Cedex 2), 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Vincenzo Mondello
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, (Cedex 2), 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Philippe Larignon
- Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, 7 Avenue Cazeaux, 30230 Rodilhan, France.
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, (Cedex 2), 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, (Cedex 2), 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Christophe Clément
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, (Cedex 2), 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, (Cedex 2), 51687 Reims, France.
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5
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Zhang W, Mao P, Li Y, Wang M, Xia F, Wang H. Assessing of the contributions of pod photosynthesis to carbon acquisition of seed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Sci Rep 2017; 7:42026. [PMID: 28169330 PMCID: PMC5294575 DOI: 10.1038/srep42026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of carbon from a branch setting pod in alfalfa was investigated during the seed development of seeds to determine the relative contribution of pod and leaf photoassimilates to the total C balance and to investigate the partitioning of these photoassimilates to other plant organs. A 13Clabeling procedure was used to label C photoassimilates of pods and leaves in alfalfa, and the Δ13C values of a pod, leaves, a section of stem and roots were measured during seed development on day 10, 15, 20 and 25 after labeling of the pod. The results showed that the alfalfa pod had photosynthetic capacity early in the development of seeds, and that pod photosynthesis could provide carbon to alfalfa organs including seeds, pods, leaves, stems and roots, in addition to leaf photosynthesis. Photosynthesis in the pod affected the total C balance of the alfalfa branch with the redistribution of a portion of pod assimilates to other plant organs. The assimilated 13C of the pod was used for the growth requirements of plant seeds and pods. The requirements for assimilated C came primarily from the young pod in early seed development, with later requirements provided primarily from the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Gansu Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Mingya Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangshan Xia
- Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Abstract
Three genotypes of alfalfa viz. Medicago sativa (Zhongmu No. 1, Zhongmu No. 2) and M. varia (Caoyuan No. 3) grown in the filed were investigated for the contribution of pod wall and leaves by shading all pods and leaves on July 15, 20 and 25, respectively. Date was recorded for total pod weight (TPW), pod wall weight (PWW), seed weight per pod (SWP), seed number per pod (SNP) and single seed weight (SSW) of one-coil and two-coil spiral pods. TPW, SNP, PWW and SWP were reduced by shading all leaves or pods, whereas SSW was not significantly affected. The relative photosynthetic contribution of pod wall to SWP was 25.6-48.1% in three genotypes on July 15. The pod wall in one-coil spiral pods generated a greater relative contribution to the TPW and SWP than in two-coil spiral pods. In the last stage (July 25), the relative photosynthetic contribution of leaves to SWP sharply decreased, whereas the relative photosynthetic contribution of pod wall to SWP was stable in the late stage (July 20 and 25). In conclusion, the pod wall of alfalfa could carry out photosynthesis and the pod wall played an important role in pod filling at the late growth stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Longyu Hou
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Mingya Wang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Sawicki M, Ait Barka E, Clément C, Gilard F, Tcherkez G, Baillieul F, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Jacquard C. Cold-night responses in grapevine inflorescences. Plant Sci 2015; 239:115-27. [PMID: 26398796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cold nights impact grapevine flower development and fruit set. Regulation at the female meiosis stepmay be of considerable importance for further understanding on how flower reacts to cold stress. In this study, the impact of chilling temperature (0 °C overnight) on carbon metabolism was investigated in the inflorescencesof two cultivars, Pinot noir (Pinot) and Gewurztraminer (Gewurtz.). Fluctuations in photosynthetic activity and carbohydrate metabolism were monitored by analyzing gas exchanges, simultaneous photosystem I and II activities, andcarbohydrate content. Further, the expression of PEPc, PC, FNR, ISO, OXO, AGPase, amylases and invertase genes, activities of various enzymes, as well as metabolomic analysis were attained. Results showed that the chilling night has different impacts depending on cultivars. Thus, in Gewurtz., net photosynthesis (Pn) was transiently increased whereas, in Pinot, the Pn increase was persistent and concomitant with an inhibition of respiration. However, during the days following the cold night, photosynthetic activity was decreased, and the cyclic electron flow was inhibited in Gewurtz., suggesting lower efficient energy dissipation. Likewise, metabolomic analysis revealed that several metabolites contents (namely alanine, GABA, lysine and succinate)were distinctly modulated in the two cultivars. Taking together, these results reflect a photosynthetic metabolism alteration or internal CO2 conductance in Gewurtz. explaining partly why Pinot is less susceptible to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Sawicki
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Christophe Clément
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris Sud-CNRS, UMR 8618 Rue de Noetzlin-Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris Sud-CNRS, UMR 8618 Rue de Noetzlin-Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Moulin de la Housse-Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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8
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Sawicki M, Jacquens L, Baillieul F, Clément C, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Jacquard C. Distinct regulation in inflorescence carbohydrate metabolism according to grapevine cultivars during floral development. Physiol Plant 2015; 154:447-467. [PMID: 25585972 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism is important in plant sexual reproduction because sugar contents are determining factors for both flower initiation and floral organ development. In woody plants, flowering represents the most energy-consuming step crucial to reproductive success. Nevertheless, in these species, the photosynthesis performed by flowers supplies the carbon required for reproduction. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera), the inflorescence has a specific status because this organ imports carbohydrates at the same time as it exports photoassimilates. In this study, fluctuations in carbohydrate metabolism were monitored by analyzing gas exchanges, photosynthetic electron transport capacity, carbohydrate contents and some activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, in the inflorescences of Pinot noir and Gewurztraminer, two cultivars with a different sensitivity to coulure phenomenon. Our results showed that photosynthetic activity and carbohydrate metabolism are clearly different and differently regulated during the floral development in the two cultivars. Indeed, the regulation of the linear electron flow and the cyclic electron flow is not similar. Moreover, the regulation of PSII activity, with a higher Y(NPQ)/Y(NO) ratio in Gewurztraminer, can be correlated with the higher protection of the photosynthetic chain and consequently with the higher yield under optimal conditions of this cultivar. At least, our results showed a higher photosynthetic activity and a better protection of PSI in Pinot noir during the floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Sawicki
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UPRES EA4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Lucile Jacquens
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UPRES EA4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UPRES EA4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UPRES EA4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UPRES EA4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UPRES EA4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
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Abstract
Grapevine leafroll is the most complex and intriguing viral disease of grapevine (Vitis spp.). Several monopartite closteroviruses (family Closteroviridae) from grapevines have been molecularly characterized, yet their role in disease etiology is not completely resolved. Hence, these viruses are currently designated under the umbrella term of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). This review examines our current understanding of the genetically divergent GLRaVs and highlights the emerging picture of several unique aspects of the leafroll disease pathosystem. A systems biology approach using contemporary technologies in molecular biology, -omics, and cell biology aids in exploring the comparative molecular biology of GLRaVs and deciphering the complex network of host-virus-vector interactions to bridge the gap between genomics and phenomics of leafroll disease. In addition, grapevine-infecting closteroviruses have a great potential as designer viruses to pursue functional genomics and for the rational design of novel disease intervention strategies in this agriculturally important perennial fruit crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayapati A Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington 99350;
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Patrick JW, Colyvas K. Crop yield components - photoassimilate supply- or utilisation limited-organ development? Funct Plant Biol 2014; 41:893-913. [PMID: 32481043 DOI: 10.1071/fp14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Yield potential is the genome-encoded capacity of a crop species to generate yield in an optimal growth environment. Ninety per cent of plant biomass is derived from the photosynthetic reduction of carbon dioxide to organic carbon (photoassimilates - primarily sucrose). Thus, development of yield components (organ numbers and individual organ masses) can be limited by photoassimilate supply (photosynthesis arranged in series with phloem transport) or by their inherent capacity to utilise imported photoassimilates for growth or storage. To this end, photoassimilate supply/utilisation of crop yield has been quantitatively re-evaluated using published responses of yield components to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations across a selection of key crop species including cereal and pulse grains, fleshy fruits, tubers and sugar storing stems and tap roots. The analysis demonstrates that development of harvested organ numbers is strongly limited by photoassimilate supply. Vegetative branching and, to a lesser extent, flower/pod/fleshy fruit abortion, are the major yield components contributing to sensitivity of organ numbers to photoassimilate supply. In contrast, harvested organ size is partially dependent (eudicots), or completely independent (cereals), of photoassimilate supply. Processes limiting photoassimilate utilisation by harvested organs include membrane transport of soluble sugars and their allocation into polymeric storage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kim Colyvas
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Eltom M, Trought M, Winefield C. The effects of cane girdling before budbreak on shoot growth, leaf area and carbohydrate content of Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon Blanc grapevines. Funct Plant Biol 2013; 40:749-757. [PMID: 32481147 DOI: 10.1071/fp12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of restricting available carbohydrates (CHOs) on shoot growth was studied by cane girdling field grown Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon Blanc grapevines before budbreak. Canes were girdled 5, 10 or 20cm from the terminal bud of the cane, and the shoot growth of the terminal bud was monitored over the course of a single growing season. A linear relationship was found between the initial rate of shoot growth and the amount of cane isolated by the girdle. A decrease in available CHOs during initial shoot growth appeared to inhibit the shoot's ability to produce new vegetative nodes past the point of discontinuity, resulting in a decrease in total leaf area due to incomplete leaf expansion. The transition from the vine's dependence on reserve CHOs to a net positive state appeared to occur when shoot growth reached a steady state. In the case of severe CHO restriction, no lateral growth occurred, suggesting the CHO status in the vine may play a role in lateral bud growth. The cross-sectional area of canes or shoots were shown to have a linear relationship to their CHO content, which allows for an estimation of the amount of CHOs required to obtain growth similar to the control treatment. Additionally, main shoot leaf area can be used to predict total CHO content in the shoot at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eltom
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand
| | - Mike Trought
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Marlborough Wine Research Centre, PO Box 845, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
| | - Chris Winefield
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand
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Dai ZW, Léon C, Feil R, Lunn JE, Delrot S, Gomès E. Metabolic profiling reveals coordinated switches in primary carbohydrate metabolism in grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.), a non-climacteric fleshy fruit. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:1345-55. [PMID: 23364938 PMCID: PMC3598422 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes in carbohydrate metabolism during grape berry development play a central role in shaping the final composition of the fruit. The present work aimed to identify metabolic switches during grape development and to provide insights into the timing of developmental regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Metabolites from central carbon metabolism were measured using high-pressure anion-exchange chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and enzymatic assays during the development of grape berries from either field-grown vines or fruiting cuttings grown in the greenhouse. Principal component analysis readily discriminated the various stages of berry development, with similar trajectories for field-grown and greenhouse samples. This showed that each stage of fruit development had a characteristic metabolic profile and provided compelling evidence that the fruit-bearing cuttings are a useful model system to investigate regulation of central carbon metabolism in grape berry. The metabolites measured showed tight coordination within their respective pathways, clustering into sugars and sugar-phosphate metabolism, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In addition, there was a pronounced shift in metabolism around veraison, characterized by rapidly increasing sugar levels and decreasing organic acids. In contrast, glycolytic intermediates and sugar phosphates declined before veraison but remained fairly stable post-veraison. In summary, these detailed and comprehensive metabolite analyses revealed the timing of important switches in primary carbohydrate metabolism, which could be related to transcriptional and developmental changes within the berry to achieve an integrated understanding of grape berry development. The results are discussed in a meta-analysis comparing metabolic changes in climacteric versus non-climacteric fleshy fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wu Dai
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Céline Léon
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Present address: INSERM U1029, laboratoire LAMC, Univ. Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, Bâtiment B2, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E. Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Serge Delrot
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Eric Gomès
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Sawicki M, Jeanson E, Celiz V, Clément C, Jacquard C, Vaillant-Gaveau N. Adaptation of grapevine flowers to cold involves different mechanisms depending on stress intensity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46976. [PMID: 23071684 PMCID: PMC3468596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine flower development and fruit set are influenced by cold nights in the vineyard. To investigate the impact of cold stress on carbon metabolism in the inflorescence, we exposed the inflorescences of fruiting cuttings to chilling and freezing temperatures overnight and measured fluctuations in photosynthesis and sugar content. Whatever the temperature, after the stress treatment photosynthesis was modified in the inflorescence, but the nature of the alteration depended on the intensity of the cold stress. At 4°C, photosynthesis in the inflorescence was impaired through non-stomatal limitations, whereas at 0°C it was affected through stomatal limitations. A freezing night (-3°C) severely deregulated photosynthesis in the inflorescence, acting primarily on photosystem II. Cold nights also induced accumulation of sugars. Soluble carbohydrates increased in inflorescences exposed to -3°C, 0°C and 4°C, but starch accumulated only in inflorescences of plants treated at 0 and -3°C. These results suggest that inflorescences are able to cope with cold temperatures by adapting their carbohydrate metabolism using mechanisms that are differentially induced according to stress intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Sawicki
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Etienne Jeanson
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Vanessa Celiz
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
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Rogiers SY, Smith JP, Holzapfel BP, Hardie WJ. Soil temperature moderates grapevine carbohydrate reserves after bud break and conditions fruit set responses to photoassimilatory stress. Funct Plant Biol 2011; 38:899-909. [PMID: 32480947 DOI: 10.1071/fp10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), suboptimal photoassimilatory conditions during flowering can lead to inflorescence necrosis and shedding of flowers and young ovaries and, consequently, poor fruit set. However, before this study it was not known whether carbohydrate reserves augment fruit set when concurrent photoassimilation is limited. Carbohydrate reserves are most abundant in grapevine roots and soil temperature moderates their mobilisation. Accordingly, we grew potted Chardonnay grapevines in soil at 15°C (cool) or 26°C (warm) from bud break to the onset of flowering to manipulate root carbohydrate reserve status. Then to induce photoassimilatory responses we subjected the plants to low (94µmolmol-1) CO2 or ambient (336µmolmol-1) CO2 atmospheres during fruit setting. Analyses of photoassimilation and biomass and carbohydrate reserve distribution confirmed that fruit set was limited by concurrent photoassimilation. Furthermore, the availability of current photoassimilates for inflorescence development and fruit set was conditioned by the simultaneous demands for shoot and root growth, as well as the restoration of root carbohydrate reserves. Results indicate that great seasonal variability in grapevine fruit set is a likely response of cultivated grapevines to photoassimilatory stresses, such as shading, defoliation and air temperature and to variations in carbohydrate reserve status before flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Y Rogiers
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Locked Bag 588, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Jason P Smith
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Locked Bag 588, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Bruno P Holzapfel
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Locked Bag 588, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - W James Hardie
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Locked Bag 588, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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