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van de Kooij B, Schreuder A, Pavani RS, Garzero V, Van Hoeck A, San Martin Alonso M, Koerse D, Wendel TJ, Callen E, Boom J, Mei H, Cuppen E, Nussenzweig A, van Attikum H, Noordermeer SM. EXO1-mediated DNA repair by single-strand annealing is essential for BRCA1-deficient cells. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.24.529205. [PMID: 37720033 PMCID: PMC10503826 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via homologous recombination (HR) leads to chromosomal instability and diseases such as cancer. Yet, defective HR also results in vulnerabilities that can be exploited for targeted therapy. Here, we identify such a vulnerability and show that BRCA1-deficient cells are dependent on the long-range end-resection factor EXO1 for survival. EXO1 loss results in DNA replication-induced lesions decorated by poly(ADP-ribose)-chains. In cells that lack both BRCA1 and EXO1, this is accompanied by unresolved DSBs due to impaired single-strand annealing (SSA), a DSB repair process that requires the activity of both proteins. In contrast, BRCA2-deficient cells have increased SSA, also in the absence of EXO1, and hence are not dependent on EXO1 for survival. In agreement with our mechanistic data, BRCA1-mutated tumours have elevated EXO1 expression and contain more genomic signatures of SSA compared to BRCA1-proficient tumours. Collectively, our data indicate that EXO1 is a promising novel target for treatment of BRCA1-deficient tumours.
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Gao Y, Guitton-Sert L, Dessapt J, Coulombe Y, Rodrigue A, Milano L, Blondeau A, Larsen NB, Duxin JP, Hussein S, Fradet-Turcotte A, Masson JY. A CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies EXO1 as a formaldehyde resistance gene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:381. [PMID: 36693839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare, genome instability-associated disease characterized by a deficiency in repairing DNA crosslinks, which are known to perturb several cellular processes, including DNA transcription, replication, and repair. Formaldehyde, a by-product of metabolism, is thought to drive FA by generating DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). However, the impact of formaldehyde on global cellular pathways has not been investigated thoroughly. Herein, using a pangenomic CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identify EXO1 as a critical regulator of formaldehyde-induced DNA lesions. We show that EXO1 knockout cell lines exhibit formaldehyde sensitivity leading to the accumulation of replicative stress, DNA double-strand breaks, and quadriradial chromosomes, a typical feature of FA. After formaldehyde exposure, EXO1 is recruited to chromatin, protects DNA replication forks from degradation, and functions in parallel with the FA pathway to promote cell survival. In vitro, EXO1-mediated exonuclease activity is proficient in removing DPCs. Collectively, we show that EXO1 limits replication stress and DNA damage to counteract formaldehyde-induced genome instability.
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Ren Y, Zhang Q, Yan X, Hou D, Huang H, Li C, Rao D, Li Y. Genomic insights into the evolution of the critically endangered soft‐shelled turtle
Rafetus swinhoei. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:1972-1985. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Changsha Ecological Zoo Changsha 410002 China
| | - Xiahui Yan
- Changsha Ecological Zoo Changsha 410002 China
| | - Dongmin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | | | - Chunhui Li
- Changsha Ecological Zoo Changsha 410002 China
| | - Dingqi Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Yongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
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Mendez-Dorantes C, Tsai LJ, Jahanshir E, Lopezcolorado FW, Stark JM. BLM has Contrary Effects on Repeat-Mediated Deletions, based on the Distance of DNA DSBs to a Repeat and Repeat Divergence. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1342-1357.e4. [PMID: 32023454 PMCID: PMC7085117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeat-mediated deletions (RMDs) often involve repetitive elements (e.g., short interspersed elements) with sequence divergence that is separated by several kilobase pairs (kbps). We have examined RMDs induced by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) under varying conditions of repeat sequence divergence (identical versus 1% and 3% divergent) and DSB/repeat distance (16 bp–28.4 kbp). We find that the BLM helicase promotes RMDs with long DSB/repeat distances (e.g., 28.4 kbp), which is consistent with a role in extensive DSB end resection, because the resection nucleases EXO1 and DNA2 affect RMDs similarly to BLM. In contrast, BLM suppresses RMDs with sequence divergence and intermediate (e.g., 3.3 kbp) DSB/repeat distances, which supports a role in heteroduplex rejection. The role of BLM in heteroduplex rejection is not epistatic with MSH2 and is independent of the annealing factor RAD52. Accordingly, the role of BLM on RMDs is substantially affected by DSB/repeat distance and repeat sequence divergence. Mendez-Dorantes et al. identify the BLM helicase as a key regulator of repeat-mediated deletions (RMDs). BLM, EXO1, and DNA2 mediate RMDs with remarkably long DNA break/repeat distances. BLM suppresses RMDs with sequence divergence that is optimal with a long non-homologous tail and is independent of MSH2 and RAD52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mendez-Dorantes
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - L Jillianne Tsai
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Eva Jahanshir
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Tsai L, Lopezcolorado F, Bhargava R, Mendez-Dorantes C, Jahanshir E, Stark J. RNF8 has both KU-dependent and independent roles in chromosomal break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6032-6052. [PMID: 32427332 PMCID: PMC7293022 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal double strand breaks (DSBs) can initiate several signaling events, such as ubiquitination, however the precise influence of such signaling on DSB repair outcomes remains poorly understood. With an RNA interference screen, we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF8 suppresses a deletion rearrangement mediated by canonical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ). We also found that RNF8 suppresses EJ without insertion/deletion mutations, which is a hallmark of C-NHEJ. Conversely, RNF8 promotes alternative EJ (ALT-EJ) events involving microhomology that is embedded from the edge of the DSB. These ALT-EJ events likely require limited end resection, whereas RNF8 is not required for single-strand annealing repair involving extensive end resection. Thus, RNF8 appears to specifically facilitate repair events requiring limited end resection, which we find is dependent on the DSB end protection factor KU. However, we also find that RNF8 is important for homology-directed repair (HDR) independently of KU, which appears linked to promoting PALB2 function. Finally, the influence of RNF8 on EJ is distinct from 53BP1 and the ALT-EJ factor, POLQ. We suggest that RNF8 mediates both ALT-EJ and HDR, but via distinct mechanisms, since only the former is dependent on KU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jillianne Tsai
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | - Ragini Bhargava
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Carlos Mendez-Dorantes
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Eva Jahanshir
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Yang G, Dong K, Zhang Z, Zhang E, Liang B, Chen X, Huang Z. EXO1 Plays a Carcinogenic Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is related to the regulation of FOXP3. J Cancer 2020; 11:4917-4932. [PMID: 32626539 PMCID: PMC7330697 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exonuclease 1 (EXO1), a member of the RAD2 nuclease family, was first described as possessing 5' to 3' nuclease activity and 5' structure-specific endonuclease activity. Here, we show that EXO1 is significantly upregulated in HCC tumor tissues and that high EXO1 expression is significantly correlated with liver cirrhosis. We further demonstrate that EXO1 knockdown decreases proliferation and colony forming abilities of HCC cells in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo, as well as decreases migration and invasive capabilities of HCC cells. Alternatively, EXO1 overexpression significantly increases the proliferation, colony forming ability, and migration and invasive capabilities of HCC cells in vitro. Additionally, we truncated a region upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) of EXO1 and used the region with the strongest transcriptional activity to predict that the transcription factor FOXP3 can bind to the EXO1 promoter. Bioinformatics analysis found that FOXP3 was positively correlated with EXO1 and luciferase reporter assays and RT-PCR confirmed that FOXP3 could enhance the transcriptional activity of EXO1. CCK-8 assays showed that depletion of FOXP3 further reduces cell proliferation ability after knocking down of EXO1 in vitro. Taken together, our findings indicate that EXO1 acts as an oncogene in HCC and its expression level is related to FOXP3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keshuai Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Erlei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binyong Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Keijzers G, Bakula D, Petr MA, Madsen NGK, Teklu A, Mkrtchyan G, Osborne B, Scheibye-Knudsen M. Human Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) Regulatory Functions in DNA Replication with Putative Roles in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E74. [PMID: 30585186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exonuclease 1 (EXO1), a 5'→3' exonuclease, contributes to the regulation of the cell cycle checkpoints, replication fork maintenance, and post replicative DNA repair pathways. These processes are required for the resolution of stalled or blocked DNA replication that can lead to replication stress and potential collapse of the replication fork. Failure to restart the DNA replication process can result in double-strand breaks, cell-cycle arrest, cell death, or cellular transformation. In this review, we summarize the involvement of EXO1 in the replication, DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoints, and the link between EXO1 and cancer.
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Chen CC, Avdievich E, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wei K, Lee K, Edelmann W, Jasin M, LaRocque JR. EXO1 suppresses double-strand break induced homologous recombination between diverged sequences in mammalian cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 57:98-106. [PMID: 28711786 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be repaired through several mechanisms, including homologous recombination (HR). While HR between identical sequences is robust in mammalian cells, HR between diverged sequences is suppressed by DNA mismatch-repair (MMR) components such as MSH2. Exonuclease I (EXO1) interacts with the MMR machinery and has been proposed to act downstream of the mismatch recognition proteins in mismatch correction. EXO1 has also been shown to participate in extensive DSB end resection, an initial step in the HR pathway. To assess the contribution of EXO1 to HR in mammalian cells, DSB-inducible reporters were introduced into Exo1-/- mouse embryonic stem cells, including a novel GFP reporter containing several silent polymorphisms to monitor HR between diverged sequences. Compared to HR between identical sequences which was not clearly affected, HR between diverged sequences was substantially increased in Exo1-/- cells although to a lesser extent than seen in Msh2-/- cells. Thus, like canonical MMR proteins, EXO1 can restrain aberrant HR events between diverged sequence elements in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chin Chen
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elena Avdievich
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Yongwei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kaichun Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Kyeryoung Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA.
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jeannine R LaRocque
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA; Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3700 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA.
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Trubicka J, Żemojtel T, Hecht J, Falana K, Piekutowska- Abramczuk D, Płoski R, Perek-Polnik M, Drogosiewicz M, Grajkowska W, Ciara E, Moszczyńska E, Dembowska-Bagińska B, Perek D, Chrzanowska KH, Krajewska-Walasek M, Łastowska M. The germline variants in DNA repair genes in pediatric medulloblastoma: a challenge for current therapeutic strategies. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:239. [PMID: 28376765 PMCID: PMC5379555 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The defects in DNA repair genes are potentially linked to development and response to therapy in medulloblastoma. Therefore the purpose of this study was to establish the spectrum and frequency of germline variants in selected DNA repair genes and their impact on response to chemotherapy in medulloblastoma patients. METHODS The following genes were investigated in 102 paediatric patients: MSH2 and RAD50 using targeted gene panel sequencing and NBN variants (p.I171V and p.K219fs*19) by Sanger sequencing. In three patients with presence of rare life-threatening adverse events (AE) and no detected variants in the analyzed genes, whole exome sequencing was performed. Based on combination of molecular and immunohistochemical evaluations tumors were divided into molecular subgroups. Presence of variants was tested for potential association with the occurrence of rare life-threatening AE and other clinical features. RESULTS We have identified altogether six new potentially pathogenic variants in MSH2 (p.A733T and p.V606I), RAD50 (p.R1093*), FANCM (p.L694*), ERCC2 (p.R695C) and EXO1 (p.V738L), in addition to two known NBN variants. Five out of twelve patients with defects in either of MSH2, RAD50 and NBN genes suffered from rare life-threatening AE, more frequently than in control group (p = 0.0005). When all detected variants were taken into account, the majority of patients (8 out of 15) suffered from life-threatening toxicity during chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Our results, based on the largest systematic study performed in a clinical setting, provide preliminary evidence for a link between defects in DNA repair genes and treatment related toxicity in children with medulloblastoma. The data suggest that patients with DNA repair gene variants could need special vigilance during and after courses of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Trubicka
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Żemojtel
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Falana
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Piekutowska- Abramczuk
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Perek-Polnik
- Department of Oncology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Drogosiewicz
- Department of Oncology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Moszczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożenna Dembowska-Bagińska
- Department of Oncology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Perek
- Department of Oncology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna H. Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krajewska-Walasek
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Łastowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is a multifunctional 5' → 3' exonuclease and a DNA structure-specific DNA endonuclease. EXO1 plays roles in DNA replication, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and DNA double-stranded break repair (DSBR) in lower and higher eukaryotes and contributes to meiosis, immunoglobulin maturation, and micro-mediated end-joining in higher eukaryotes. In human cells, EXO1 is also thought to play a role in telomere maintenance. Mutations in the human EXO1 gene correlate with increased susceptibility to some cancers. This review summarizes recent studies on the enzymatic functions and biological roles of EXO1, its possible protective role against cancer and aging, and regulation of EXO1 by posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Keijzers
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Dekang Liu
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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