1
|
Aktaş H, Kurek MA. Deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of polyphenols from food plants. Food Chem 2024; 444:138629. [PMID: 38341914 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) offer a promising, sustainable alternative for extracting polyphenols from food plants, known for their health benefits. Traditional extraction methods are often costly and involve toxic solvents. This review discusses the basic concepts, preparation techniques, and factors influencing the effective and safe use of DESs in polyphenol extraction. DESs' adaptability allows integration with other green extraction technologies, such as microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extractions, enhancing their efficiency. This adaptability demonstrates the potential of DESs in the sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds. Current research indicates that DESs could play a significant role in the sustainable procurement of these compounds, marking an important advancement in food science research and development. The review underscores DESs as a realistic, eco-friendly alternative in the realm of natural extraction technologies, offering a significant contribution to sustainable practices in food science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Havva Aktaş
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin A Kurek
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang P, Yang C, Wang J, Jiang P, Qi J, Hou W, Cheng H, Feng X, Yu D. Cytochrome GmGLY1 is Involved in the Biosynthesis of Glycitein in Soybean. J Agric Food Chem 2024. [PMID: 38710505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Isoflavones, the major secondary metabolites of interest due to their benefits to both human and plant health, are exclusively produced by legumes. In this study, we profiled the isoflavone content in dry seeds from 211 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions grown across five environments. Broad and discernible phenotypic variations were observed among accessions, regions, and years of growth. Twenty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the sum of glycitein (GLE), glycitin (GL), 6″-O-acetylglycitin (AGL), and 6″-O-malonylglycitin (MGL) contents were detected in multiple environments via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). These SNPs were located on chromosome 11 (8,148,438 bp to 8,296,956 bp, renamed qGly11-01). Glyma.11g108300 (GmGLY1), a gene that encodes a P450 family protein, was identified via sequence variation analysis, functional annotation, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and expression profile analysis of candidate gene, and hairy roots transformation in soybean. Overexpression of GmGLY1 increased the glycitein content (GLC) in soybean hairy roots and transgenic seeds, while CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants exhibited decreased GLC and increased daidzein content (DAC). Haplotype analysis revealed that GmGLY1 allelic variations significantly affect the GLC accumulation. These findings enhance our understanding of genes influencing GLC in soybean and may guide breeding for lines with high and stable GLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Changyun Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pingbo Jiang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Qi
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyan Hou
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Deyue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang T, Zhou L, Pu Y, Tang Y, Liu J, Yang L, Zhou T, Feng L, Wang X. A chromosome-level genome reveals genome evolution and molecular basis of anthraquinone biosynthesis in Rheum palmatum. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:261. [PMID: 38594606 PMCID: PMC11005207 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhubarb is one of common traditional Chinese medicine with a diverse array of therapeutic efficacies. Despite its widespread use, molecular research into rhubarb remains limited, constraining our comprehension of the geoherbalism. RESULTS We assembled the genome of Rheum palmatum L., one of the source plants of rhubarb, to elucidate its genome evolution and unpack the biosynthetic pathways of its bioactive compounds using a combination of PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C scaffolding approaches. Around 2.8 Gb genome was obtained after assembly with more than 99.9% sequences anchored to 11 pseudochromosomes (scaffold N50 = 259.19 Mb). Transposable elements (TE) with a continuous expansion of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) is predominant in genome size, contributing to the genome expansion of R. palmatum. Totally 30,480 genes were predicted to be protein-coding genes with 473 significantly expanded gene families enriched in diverse pathways associated with high-altitude adaptation for this species. Two successive rounds of whole genome duplication event (WGD) shared by Fagopyrum tataricum and R. palmatum were confirmed. We also identified 54 genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis and other 97 genes entangled in flavonoid biosynthesis. Notably, RpALS emerged as a compelling candidate gene for the octaketide biosynthesis after the key residual screening. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings offer not only an enhanced understanding of this remarkable medicinal plant but also pave the way for future innovations in its genetic breeding, molecular design, and functional genomic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lipan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yadi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Xumei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng Z, Song L, Chen M, Liu Z, Yuan Z, Wen H, Zhang H, Huang Y, Peng Z, Yang H, Li G, Zhang H, Hu Z, Li W, Wang X, Larkin RM, Deng X, Xu Q, Chen J, Xu J. Neofunctionalization of an OMT cluster dominates polymethoxyflavone biosynthesis associated with the domestication of citrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321615121. [PMID: 38530892 PMCID: PMC10998556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321615121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a class of abundant specialized metabolites with remarkable anticancer properties in citrus. Multiple methoxy groups in PMFs are derived from methylation modification catalyzed by a series of hydroxylases and O-methyltransferases (OMTs). However, the specific OMTs that catalyze the systematic O-methylation of hydroxyflavones remain largely unknown. Here, we report that PMFs are highly accumulated in wild mandarins and mandarin-derived accessions, while undetectable in early-diverging citrus species and related species. Our results demonstrated that three homologous genes, CreOMT3, CreOMT4, and CreOMT5, are crucial for PMF biosynthesis in citrus, and their encoded methyltransferases exhibit multisite O-methylation activities for hydroxyflavones, producing seven PMFs in vitro and in vivo. Comparative genomic and syntenic analyses indicated that the tandem CreOMT3, CreOMT4, and CreOMT5 may be duplicated from CreOMT6 and contributes to the genetic basis of PMF biosynthesis in the mandarin group through neofunctionalization. We also demonstrated that N17 in CreOMT4 is an essential amino acid residue for C3-, C5-, C6-, and C3'-O-methylation activity and provided a rationale for the functional deficiency of OMT6 to produce PMFs in early-diverging citrus and some domesticated citrus species. A 1,041-bp deletion in the CreOMT4 promoter, which is found in most modern cultivated mandarins, has reduced the PMF content relative to that in wild and early-admixture mandarins. This study provides a framework for reconstructing PMF biosynthetic pathways, which may facilitate the breeding of citrus fruits with enhanced health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghua Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyang Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gu Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhehui Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyun Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Robert M. Larkin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Horitani M, Yamada R, Taroura K, Maeda A, Anai T, Watanabe S. Identification of Genes Responsible for the Synthesis of Glycitein Isoflavones in Soybean Seeds. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:156. [PMID: 38256710 PMCID: PMC10818676 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) isoflavones are among the most important secondary metabolites, with functional benefits for human health. Soybeans accumulate three aglycone forms of isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Soybean landrace Kumachi-1 does not accumulate malonylglycitin at all. Gene structure analysis indicated that Glyma.11G108300 (F6H4) of Kumachi-1 has a 3.8-kbp insertion, resulting in a truncated flavonoid 6-hydroxylase (F6H) sequence compared to the wild-type sequence in Fukuyutaka. Mapping experiments using a mutant line (MUT1246) with a phenotype similar to that of Kumachi-1, with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in F6H4, revealed co-segregation of this mutation and the absence of glycitein isoflavones. We also identified a mutant line (K01) that exhibited a change in the HPLC retention time of glycitein isoflavones, accumulating glycoside and malonylglycoside forms of 6-hydroxydaidzein. K01 contains an SNP that produces a premature stop codon in Glyma.01G004200 (IOMT3), a novel soybean isoflavone O-methyltransferase (IOMT) gene. We further analyzed transgenic hairy roots of soybeans expressing Glyma.11G108300 (F6H4) and Glyma.01G004200 (IOMT3). Those overexpressing F6H4 accumulated malonylglycoside forms of 6-hydroxydaidzein (M_6HD), and co-expression of F6H4 and IOMT3 increased the level of malonylglycitin but not of M_6HD. These results indicate that F6H4 and IOMT3 are responsible for glycitein biosynthesis in soybean seed hypocotyl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Horitani
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (M.H.)
| | - Risa Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (M.H.)
| | - Kanami Taroura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (M.H.)
| | - Akari Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (M.H.)
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh L, Kaur H, Chandra Arya G, Bhatti R. Neuroprotective potential of formononetin, a naturally occurring isoflavone phytoestrogen. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14353. [PMID: 37722967 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of neurological illnesses is a burgeoning challenge to the public healthcare system and presents greater financial pressure. Formononetin, an O-methylated isoflavone, has gained a lot of attention due to its neuroprotective potential explored in several investigations. Formononetin is widely found in legumes and several types of clovers including Trifolium pratense L., Astragalus membranaceus, Sophora tomentosa, etc. Formononetin modulates various endogenous mediators to confer neuroprotection. It prevents RAGE activation that results in the inhibition of neuronal damage via downregulating the level of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, formononetin also increases the expression of ADAM-10, which affects the pathology of neurodegenerative disease by lowering tau phosphorylation, maintaining synaptic plasticity, and boosting hippocampus neurogenesis. Besides these, formononetin also increases the expression of antioxidants, Nrf-2, PI3K, ApoJ, and LRP1. Whereas, reduces the expression of p65-NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines. It also inhibits the deposition of Aβ and MAO-B activity. An inhibition of Aβ/RAGE-induced activation of MAPK and NOX governs the protection elicited by formononetin against inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. Besides this, PI3K/Akt and ER-α-mediated activation of ADAM10, ApoJ/LRP1-mediated clearance of Aβ, and MAO-B inhibition-mediated preservation of dopaminergic neurons integrity are the major modulations produced by formononetin. This review covers the biosynthesis of formononetin and key molecular pathways modulated by formononetin to confer neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Girish Chandra Arya
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Xu J, Wang H, Wu C, Zheng J, Zhang C, Han Y. First Report of Fungal Pathogens Causing Leaf Spot on Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrids and Their Interactions with Plants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3091. [PMID: 37687338 PMCID: PMC10489663 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The sorghum-sudangrass hybrid is the main high-quality forage grass in Southwest China, but, in recent years, it has suffered from leaf spot disease, with a prevalence of 88% in Bazhong, Sichuan, China, seriously affecting yield and quality. The causal agents were obtained from symptomatic leaves by tissue isolation and verified by pathogenicity assays. A combination of morphological characterization and sequence analysis revealed that strains SCBZSL1, SCBZSX5, and SCBZSW6 were Nigrospora sphaerica, Colletotrichum boninense, and Didymella corylicola, respectively, and the latter two were the first instance to be reported on sorghum-sudangrass hybrids in the world. SCBZSX5 significantly affected the growth of the plants, which can reduce plant height by 25%. The biological characteristics of SCBZSX5 were found to be less sensitive to the change in light and pH, and its most suitable culture medium was Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), with the optimal temperature of 25 °C and lethal temperature of 35 °C. To clarify the interactions between the pathogen SCBZSX5 and plants, metabolomics analyses revealed that 211 differential metabolites were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism and flavonoid metabolism. C. boninense disrupted the osmotic balance of the plant by decreasing the content of acetyl proline and caffeic acid in the plant, resulting in disease occurrence, whereas the sorghum-sudangrass hybrids improved tolerance and antioxidant properties through the accumulation of tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamic acid, leucine, glycitein, naringenin, and apigetrin to resist the damage caused by C. boninense. This study revealed the mutualistic relationship between sorghum-sudangrass hybrids and C. boninense, which provided a reference for the control of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hongji Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Bazhong Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Bazhong 636099, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Chaowen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuzhu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 402460, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Uchida K, Kim JS, Sato M, Tabeta H, Mochida K, Hirai MY. A metabolome genome-wide association study implicates histidine N-pi-methyltransferase as a key enzyme in N-methylhistidine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1201129. [PMID: 37360714 PMCID: PMC10285387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1201129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS), which uses information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from many accessions, has become a powerful approach to gene identification. A metabolome GWAS (mGWAS), which relies on phenotypic information based on metabolite accumulation, can identify genes that contribute to primary and secondary metabolite contents. In this study, we carried out a mGWAS using seed metabolomic data from Arabidopsis thaliana accessions obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify SNPs highly associated with the contents of metabolites such as glucosinolates. These SNPs were present in genes known to be involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis, thus confirming the effectiveness of our analysis. We subsequently focused on SNPs detected in an unknown methyltransferase gene associated with N-methylhistidine content. Knockout and overexpression of A. thaliana lines of this gene had significantly decreased and increased N-methylhistidine contents, respectively. We confirmed that the overexpressing line exclusively accumulated histidine methylated at the pi position, not at the tau position. Our findings suggest that the identified methyltransferase gene encodes a key enzyme for N-methylhistidine biosynthesis in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Uchida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - June-Sik Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tabeta
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uchida K, Yokota Hirai M. A simple method for creating transgenic pea hairy roots using a Japanese pea cultivar and a Japanese Rhizobium radiobacter strain. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2023; 40:113-116. [PMID: 38213929 PMCID: PMC10777132 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum) is an agriculturally important leguminous crop cultivated worldwide. It is also the plant from which phytoalexin was isolated for the first time. Several studies have investigated gene functions using pea hairy root culture systems. However, the procedures for producing hairy roots are relatively complicated and only a few pea cultivars and Rhizobium strains have been used. In this study, we established a simple method for generating transgenic hairy roots using a pea cultivar and a Rhizobium strain available in Japan. The transformation efficiency for the transgenic hairy roots (approximately 14%) was calculated on the basis of GFP fluorescence because the binary vector used in this study carried a GFP cassette as a marker. Furthermore, we confirmed that the production of the phytoalexin (+)-pisatin was induced by a copper dichloride treatment, indicating that this system can be used to characterize the biosynthesis of (+)-pisatin, which is a compound with a unique pterocarpan structure. Interestingly, some of the hairy roots turned into crown galls during the culture period. In summary, our simple method enables the production of transgenic pea hairy roots using biological materials accessible in Japan. The generated hairy roots can be used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying (+)-pisatin biosynthesis as well as hairy root/crown gall formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Uchida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Azam M, Zhang S, Li J, Ahsan M, Agyenim-Boateng KG, Qi J, Feng Y, Liu Y, Li B, Qiu L, Sun J. Identification of hub genes regulating isoflavone accumulation in soybean seeds via GWAS and WGCNA approaches. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1120498. [PMID: 36866374 PMCID: PMC9971994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isoflavones are the secondary metabolites synthesized by the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in soybean that benefits human and plant health. METHODS In this study, we have profiled seed isoflavone content by HPLC in 1551 soybean accessions grown in Beijing and Hainan for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) and in Anhui for one year (2017). RESULTS A broad range of phenotypic variations was observed for individual and total isoflavone (TIF) content. The TIF content ranged from 677.25 to 5823.29 µg g-1 in the soybean natural population. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on 6,149,599 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we identified 11,704 SNPs significantly associated with isoflavone contents; 75% of them were located within previously reported QTL regions for isoflavone. Two significant regions on chromosomes 5 and 11 were associated with TIF and malonylglycitin across more than 3 environments. Furthermore, the WGCNA identified eight key modules: black, blue, brown, green, magenta, pink, purple, and turquoise. Of the eight co-expressed modules, brown (r = 0.68***), magenta (r = 0.64***), and green (r = 0.51**) showed a significant positive association with TIF, as well as with individual isoflavone contents. By combining the gene significance, functional annotation, and enrichment analysis information, four hub genes Glyma.11G108100, Glyma.11G107100, Glyma.11G106900, and Glyma.11G109100 encoding, basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, MYB4 transcription factor, early responsive to dehydration, and PLATZ transcription factor respectively were identified in brown and green modules. The allelic variation in Glyma.11G108100 significantly influenced individual and TIF accumulation. DISCUSSION The present study demonstrated that the GWAS approach, combined with WGCNA, could efficiently identify isoflavone candidate genes in the natural soybean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azam
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-Boateng
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qi
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Feng
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitian Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Germplasm and Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Sun
- The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie L, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Hao X, Chen W. Functional Analysis of a Methyltransferase Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis from Blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum). J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:16253-16262. [PMID: 36519893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural water-soluble pigments that widely exist in plants, with various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Currently, monomeric anthocyanins are mainly obtained through natural sources, which limits their availability. In the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, anthocyanin methyltransferases are recognized to play important roles in the water solubility and structural stability of anthocyanins. Blueberries are a rich source of anthocyanins with more than 30 chemical structures. However, the enzymes that were responsible for the methylation of anthocyanidin cores in blueberries had not been reported. Here, blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) have been selected as the candidate for characterization of the key enzyme. Phylogenic analysis, enzymatic activity assay, homology modeling, molecular simulation, protein expression and purification assay, site-directed mutation, isothermal titration calorimetry assay, and enzyme kinetic assay were used to identify the enzymatic function and molecular mechanism of VcOMT, which was responsible for the methylation of anthocyanidin cores. VcOMT could use delphinidin as a substrate but not cyanidin, petunidin, anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavonol glycosides. Ile191 and Glu198 were both identified as important amino acid residues for the binding interactions of anthocyanidins with VcOMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Yi yang Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiyang Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Yi yang Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lashley A, Miller R, Provenzano S, Jarecki SA, Erba P, Salim V. Functional Diversification and Structural Origins of Plant Natural Product Methyltransferases. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010043. [PMID: 36615239 PMCID: PMC9822479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, methylation is a common step in specialized metabolic pathways, leading to a vast diversity of natural products. The methylation of these small molecules is catalyzed by S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases, which are categorized based on the methyl-accepting atom (O, N, C, S, or Se). These methyltransferases are responsible for the transformation of metabolites involved in plant defense response, pigments, and cell signaling. Plant natural product methyltransferases are part of the Class I methyltransferase-superfamily containing the canonical Rossmann fold. Recent advances in genomics have accelerated the functional characterization of plant natural product methyltransferases, allowing for the determination of substrate specificities and regioselectivity and further realizing the potential for enzyme engineering. This review compiles known biochemically characterized plant natural product methyltransferases that have contributed to our knowledge in the diversification of small molecules mediated by methylation steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lashley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
| | - Ryan Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Stephanie Provenzano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Sara-Alexis Jarecki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
| | - Paul Erba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vonny Salim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahmood U, Li X, Fan Y, Chang W, Niu Y, Li J, Qu C, Lu K. Multi-omics revolution to promote plant breeding efficiency. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1062952. [PMID: 36570904 PMCID: PMC9773847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1062952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop production is the primary goal of agricultural activities, which is always taken into consideration. However, global agricultural systems are coming under increasing pressure from the rising food demand of the rapidly growing world population and changing climate. To address these issues, improving high-yield and climate-resilient related-traits in crop breeding is an effective strategy. In recent years, advances in omics techniques, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, paved the way for accelerating plant/crop breeding to cope with the changing climate and enhance food production. Optimized omics and phenotypic plasticity platform integration, exploited by evolving machine learning algorithms will aid in the development of biological interpretations for complex crop traits. The precise and progressive assembly of desire alleles using precise genome editing approaches and enhanced breeding strategies would enable future crops to excel in combating the changing climates. Furthermore, plant breeding and genetic engineering ensures an exclusive approach to developing nutrient sufficient and climate-resilient crops, the productivity of which can sustainably and adequately meet the world's food, nutrition, and energy needs. This review provides an overview of how the integration of omics approaches could be exploited to select crop varieties with desired traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Mahmood
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ito T, Kitaiwa T, Nishizono K, Umahashi M, Miyaji S, Agake S, Kuwahara K, Yokoyama T, Fushinobu S, Maruyama‐Nakashita A, Sugiyama R, Sato M, Inaba J, Hirai MY, Ohkama‐Ohtsu N. Glutathione degradation activity of γ-glutamyl peptidase 1 manifests its dual roles in primary and secondary sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2022; 111:1626-1642. [PMID: 35932489 PMCID: PMC9804317 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) functions as a major sulfur repository and hence occupies an important position in primary sulfur metabolism. GSH degradation results in sulfur reallocation and is believed to be carried out mainly by γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (GGCT2;1, GGCT2;2, and GGCT2;3), which, however, do not fully explain the rapid GSH turnover. Here, we discovered that γ-glutamyl peptidase 1 (GGP1) contributes to GSH degradation through a yeast complementation assay. Recombinant proteins of GGP1, as well as GGP3, showed high degradation activity of GSH, but not of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), in vitro. Notably, the GGP1 transcripts were highly abundant in rosette leaves, in agreement with the ggp1 mutants constantly accumulating more GSH regardless of nutritional conditions. Given the lower energy requirements of the GGP- than the GGCT-mediated pathway, the GGP-mediated pathway could be a more efficient route for GSH degradation than the GGCT-mediated pathway. Therefore, we propose a model wherein cytosolic GSH is degraded chiefly by GGP1 and likely also by GGP3. Another noteworthy fact is that GGPs are known to process GSH conjugates in glucosinolate and camalexin synthesis; indeed, we confirmed that the ggp1 mutant contained higher levels of O-acetyl-l-Ser, a signaling molecule for sulfur starvation, and lower levels of glucosinolates and their degradation products. The predicted structure of GGP1 further provided a rationale for this hypothesis. In conclusion, we suggest that GGP1 and possibly GGP3 play vital roles in both primary and secondary sulfur metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| | - Taisuke Kitaiwa
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishizono
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Minori Umahashi
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyaji
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Shin‐ichiro Agake
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Kana Kuwahara
- Faculty of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural SciencesFukushima UniversityKanayagawa 1Fukushima‐shiFukushima960‐1296Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of BiotechnologyThe University of Tokyo1‐1‐1 YayoiBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8657Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative MicrobiologyThe University of Tokyo1‐1‐1 YayoiBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8657Japan
| | - Akiko Maruyama‐Nakashita
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental ScienceKyushu University744 MotookaNishi‐kuFukuoka819‐0395Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sugiyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Department of PharmacyNational University of Singapore4 Science Drive 2117544SingaporeSingapore
- Present address:
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1, Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| | - Jun Inaba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural ScienceNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8601Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama‐Ohtsu
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- Institute of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Malarz J, Michalska K, Yudina YV, Stojakowska A. Hairy Root Cultures as a Source of Polyphenolic Antioxidants: Flavonoids, Stilbenoids and Hydrolyzable Tannins. Plants 2022; 11:1950. [PMID: 35956428 PMCID: PMC9370385 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their chemical properties and biological activity, antioxidants of plant origin have gained interest as valuable components of the human diet, potential food preservatives and additives, ingredients of cosmetics and factors implicated in tolerance mechanisms against environmental stress. Plant polyphenols are the most prominent and extensively studied, albeit not only group of, secondary plant (specialized) metabolites manifesting antioxidative activity. Because of their potential economic importance, the productive and renewable sources of the compounds are desirable. Over thirty years of research on hairy root cultures, as both producers of secondary plant metabolites and experimental systems to investigate plant biosynthetic pathways, brought about several spectacular achievements. The present review focuses on the Rhizobium rhizogenes-transformed roots that either may be efficient sources of plant-derived antioxidants or were used to elucidate some regulatory mechanisms responsible for the enhanced accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues.
Collapse
|
16
|
Makhumbila P, Rauwane M, Muedi H, Figlan S. Metabolome Profiling: A Breeding Prediction Tool for Legume Performance under Biotic Stress Conditions. Plants 2022; 11:plants11131756. [PMID: 35807708 PMCID: PMC9268993 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Legume crops such as common bean, pea, alfalfa, cowpea, peanut, soybean and others contribute significantly to the diet of both humans and animals. They are also important in the improvement of cropping systems that employ rotation and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Biotic stresses hinder the production of leguminous crops, significantly limiting their yield potential. There is a need to understand the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the response of these crops to biotic stressors. Simultaneous expressions of a number of genes responsible for specific traits of interest in legumes under biotic stress conditions have been reported, often with the functions of the identified genes unknown. Metabolomics can, therefore, be a complementary tool to understand the pathways involved in biotic stress response in legumes. Reports on legume metabolomic studies in response to biotic stress have paved the way in understanding stress-signalling pathways. This review provides a progress update on metabolomic studies of legumes in response to different biotic stresses. Metabolome annotation and data analysis platforms are discussed together with future prospects. The integration of metabolomics with other “omics” tools in breeding programmes can aid greatly in ensuring food security through the production of stress tolerant cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penny Makhumbila
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park, Roodeport 1709, South Africa; (M.R.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Molemi Rauwane
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park, Roodeport 1709, South Africa; (M.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Hangwani Muedi
- Research Support Services, North West Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 114 Chris Hani Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park, Roodeport 1709, South Africa; (M.R.); (S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tan Y, Yang J, Jiang Y, Sun S, Wei X, Wang R, Bu J, Li D, Kang L, Chen T, Guo J, Cui G, Tang J, Huang L. Identification and characterization of two Isatis indigotica O-methyltransferases methylating C-glycosylflavonoids. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhac140. [PMID: 36072835 PMCID: PMC9437721 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica accumulates several active substances, including C-glycosylflavonoids, which have important pharmacological activities and health benefits. However, enzymes catalyzing the methylation step of C-glycosylflavonoids in I. indigotica remain unknown. In this study, three O-methyltransferases (OMTs) were identified from I. indigotica that have the capacity for O-methylation of the C-glycosylflavonoid isoorientin. The Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 efficiently catalyze isoorientin to form isoscoparin, and decorate one of the aromatic vicinal hydroxyl groups on flavones and methylate the C6, C8, and 3'-hydroxyl positions to form oroxylin A, wogonin, and chrysoeriol, respectively. However, the Type I OMT IiOMT3 exhibited broader substrate promiscuity and methylated the C7 and 3'-hydroxyl positions of flavonoids. Further site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that five amino acids of IiOMT1/IiOMT2 (D121/D100, D173/D149, A174/A150R, N200/N176, and D248/D233) were critical residues for their catalytic activity. Additionally, only transient overexpression of Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly increased isoscoparin accumulation, indicating that the Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 could catalyze the methylation step of C-glycosylflavonoid, isoorientin at the 3'-hydroxyl position. This study provides insights into the biosynthesis of methylated C-glycosylflavonoids, and IiOMTs could be promising catalysts in the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 117004, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yinyin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shufu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ruishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junling Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu L, Yang Q, Yu X, Fu X, Jin H, Yuan F. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal a Potential Mechanism to Improve Soybean Resistance to Anthracnose. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:850829. [PMID: 35574068 PMCID: PMC9094087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, leads to large-scale reduction in quality and yield in soybean production. Limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms of resistance to anthracnose in soybean. We conducted a transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analysis of pods from two soybean lines, "Zhechun No. 3" (ZC3) and ZC-2, in response to C. truncatum infection. Factors contributing to the enhanced resistance of ZC-2 to anthracnose compared with that of ZC3, included signal transduction (jasmonic acid, auxin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ca2+ signaling), transcription factors (WRKY and bHLH), resistance genes (PTI1, RPP13, RGA2, RPS6, and ULP2B), pathogenesis-related genes (chitinase and lipid transfer protein), and terpenoid metabolism. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that terpenoid metabolism responded more promptly and more intensely to C. truncatum infection in ZC-2 than in ZC3. In vitro antifungal activity and resistance induction test confirmed that jasmonic acid, auxin signaling and terpenoids played important roles in soybean resistance to anthracnose. This research is the first study to explore the molecular mechanisms of soybean resistance to anthracnose. The findings are important for in-depth analysis of molecular resistance mechanisms, discovery of resistance genes, and to expedite the breeding of anthracnose-resistant soybean cultivars.
Collapse
|
19
|
Naik J, Misra P, Trivedi PK, Pandey A. Molecular components associated with the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Plant Sci 2022; 317:111196. [PMID: 35193745 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids exhibit amazing structural diversity and play different roles in plants. Besides, these compounds have been associated with several health benefits in humans. Several exogenous and endogenous cues, for example, light, temperature, nutrient status, and phytohormones have been reported as modulators of biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoids. Thus, multiple hormones and stress-related signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of gene expression associated with this pathway. The transcriptional regulators belonging to the MYB and bHLH family transcription factors are well documented as the direct regulators of the structural genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Recent studies also suggest that some of these factors are regulated by molecular components involved in stress and hormone signaling pathways. Adapter proteins for transcriptional activation or repression via recruitment of co-activators and co-repressors, respectively, E2 ubiquitin ligases, miRNA processing complex, and DNA methylation/demethylation factors have been recently discovered in various plants to play key roles in fine-tuning flavonoids synthesis. In the present review, we aim to provide comprehensive information about the role of different factors in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Besides, we describe the potential upstream regulators involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis within the context of available information. To sum up, the present review furnishes an updated account of signal transduction pathways modulating the biosynthesis of flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jogindra Naik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Science and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | | | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu Y, Fernie AR, Tohge T. Diversification of Chemical Structures of Methoxylated Flavonoids and Genes Encoding Flavonoid-O-Methyltransferases. Plants 2022; 11:564. [PMID: 35214897 PMCID: PMC8876552 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The O-methylation of specialized metabolites in plants is a unique decoration that provides structural and functional diversity of the metabolites with changes in chemical properties and intracellular localizations. The O-methylation of flavonoids, which is a class of plant specialized metabolites, promotes their antimicrobial activities and liposolubility. Flavonoid O-methyltransferases (FOMTs), which are responsible for the O-methylation process of the flavonoid aglycone, generally accept a broad range of substrates across flavones, flavonols and lignin precursors, with different substrate preferences. Therefore, the characterization of FOMTs with the physiology roles of methoxylated flavonoids is useful for crop improvement and metabolic engineering. In this review, we summarized the chemodiversity and physiology roles of methoxylated flavonoids, which were already reported, and we performed a cross-species comparison to illustrate an overview of diversification and conserved catalytic sites of the flavonoid O-methyltransferases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar J, Rai KM, Kianian SF, Singh SP. Study of Triticum aestivum Resistome in Response to Wheat dwarf India Virus Infection. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:955. [PMID: 34575104 DOI: 10.3390/life11090955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptible and resistant germplasm respond differently to pathogenic attack, including virus infections. We compared the transcriptome changes between a resistant wheat cultivar, Sonalika, and a susceptible cultivar, WL711, to understand this process in wheat against wheat dwarf India virus (WDIV) infection. A total of 2760 and 1853 genes were differentially expressed in virus-infected and mock-inoculated Sonalika, respectively, compared to WL711. The overrepresentation of genes involved in signaling, hormone metabolism, enzymes, secondary metabolites, proteolysis, and transcription factors was documented, including the overexpression of multiple PR proteins. We hypothesize that the virus resistance in Sonalika is likely due to strong intracellular surveillance via the action of multiple PR proteins (PR1, RAR1, and RPM1) and ChiB. Other genes such as PIP1, LIP1, DnaJ, defensins, oxalate oxidase, ankyrin repeat protein, serine-threonine kinase, SR proteins, beta-1,3-glucanases, and O-methyltransferases had a significant differential expression and play roles in stress tolerance, may also be contributing towards the virus resistance in Sonalika. In addition, we identified putative genes with unknown functions, which are only expressed in response to WDIV infection in Sonalika. The role of these genes could be further validated and utilized in engineering resistance in wheat and other crops.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sugiyama A. Flavonoids and saponins in plant rhizospheres: roles, dynamics, and the potential for agriculture. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1919-1931. [PMID: 34113972 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are in constant interaction with a myriad of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere, an area of soil in close contact with plant roots. Recent research has highlighted the importance of plant-specialized metabolites (PSMs) in shaping and modulating the rhizosphere microbiota; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and function of the microbiota mostly remain unaddressed. Flavonoids and saponins are a group of PSMs whose biosynthetic pathways have largely been revealed. Although these PSMs are abundantly secreted into the rhizosphere and exert various functions, the secretion mechanisms have not been clarified. This review summarizes the roles of flavonoids and saponins in the rhizosphere with a special focus on interactions between plants and the rhizosphere microbiota. Furthermore, this review introduces recent advancements in the dynamics of these metabolites in the rhizosphere and indicates potential applications of PSMs for crop production and discusses perspectives in this emerging research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Uchida K, Akashi T, Hirai MY. Identification and characterization of glycosyltransferases catalyzing direct xanthone 4-C-glycosylation in Hypericum perforatum. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2608-2615. [PMID: 34390592 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones are compounds with a diphenyl ether skeleton mainly found in plants and often glycosylated at carbon atoms. Although many C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs) participating in flavone C-glycosylation have been identified, MiCGT from Mangifera indica, adding sugar to an open-chain benzophenone skeleton, is the only identified xanthone biosynthesis-related CGT. Here, we identified two CGTs from Hypericum perforatum that add sugar to the closed-ring xanthone, but not benzophenone. These CGTs catalyze sugar transfer to the C-4 position of norathyriol (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone) to form isomangiferin (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone 4-C-glucoside), a major xanthone C-glucoside. This is the first study to report CGTs that mediate the direct C-glycosylation of xanthone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Uchida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Akashi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharma V, Gupta P, Priscilla K, SharanKumar, Hangargi B, Veershetty A, Ramrao DP, Suresh S, Narasanna R, Naik GR, Kumar A, Guo B, Zhuang W, Varshney RK, Pandey MK, Kumar R. Metabolomics Intervention Towards Better Understanding of Plant Traits. Cells 2021; 10:346. [PMID: 33562333 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the most economically important plant and crop species are enriched with the availability of high-quality reference genome sequences forming the basis of gene discovery which control the important biochemical pathways. The transcriptomics and proteomics resources have also been made available for many of these plant species that intensify the understanding at expression levels. However, still we lack integrated studies spanning genomics–transcriptomics–proteomics, connected to metabolomics, the most complicated phase in phenotype expression. Nevertheless, for the past few decades, emphasis has been more on metabolome which plays a crucial role in defining the phenotype (trait) during crop improvement. The emergence of modern high throughput metabolome analyzing platforms have accelerated the discovery of a wide variety of biochemical types of metabolites and new pathways, also helped in improving the understanding of known existing pathways. Pinpointing the causal gene(s) and elucidation of metabolic pathways are very important for development of improved lines with high precision in crop breeding. Along with other-omics sciences, metabolomics studies have helped in characterization and annotation of a new gene(s) function. Hereby, we summarize several areas in the field of crop development where metabolomics studies have made its remarkable impact. We also assess the recent research on metabolomics, together with other omics, contributing toward genetic engineering to target traits and key pathway(s).
Collapse
|