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Joukar F, Hassanipour S, Atefi A, Maroufizadeh S, Akhavan A, Naghipour M, Falahatkar S, Khosousi MJ, Asgharnezhad M, Mansour-Ghanaei F. Prevalence and associated factors for asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults in the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study (PGCS). Sci Rep 2024; 14:3452. [PMID: 38342955 PMCID: PMC10859365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although hematuria is not life-threatening, some could be the result of a more severe condition. Our objectives are to report on the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) in the prospective epidemiological research studies of the Iranian adults (PERSIAN) Guilan cohort study (PGCS) population. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 and consisted of 10,520 individuals aged 35-70. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire during a face-to-face interview. The urine analyses (UA) were done up to 2 h after sample collection. Based on a urine microscopy evaluation, AMH is defined as 3 or more red blood cells per high power field (HPF). Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore factors associated with AMH. The prevalence of AMH in this study was 34.1% and was more prevalent in participants of older ages and female gender as well as those with low educational level, underweight-body mass index (BMI), high physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and kidney stone disease. On the other hand, obesity, opium, and diabetes decreased the likelihood of AMH. The results of the present study shed light on the prevalence and risk factors of AMH and suggested that a significant portion of the study population is affected by AMH. Considering the lack of consensus on a definite clinical guideline for AMH in our country, the results of the present study could be used to design a unit algorithm for screening and therapy of AMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amirhomayoun Atefi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ardalan Akhavan
- Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Naghipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Siavash Falahatkar
- Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Khosousi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Tasaki H, Eriguchi M, Yoshida H, Uemura T, Fukata F, Nishimoto M, Kosugi T, Matsui M, Samejima KI, Iseki K, Asahi K, Yamagata K, Konta T, Fujimoto S, Narita I, Kasahara M, Shibagaki Y, Moriyama T, Kondo M, Watanabe T, Tsuruya K. Synergistic effect of proteinuria on dipstick hematuria-related decline in kidney function: The Japan Specific Health Checkups (J-SHC) Study. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:990-1000. [PMID: 37603115 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of isolated hematuria without proteinuria on kidney function decline, and the modification by the severity of proteinuria in general population are not fully elucidated. METHODS Participants were included in the Japan Specific Health Checkups Study between 2008 and 2014. The exposure of interest was the frequency of dipstick hematuria during the observation. In each proteinuria frequency category (non-, occasional, persistent), hematuria-related decline in the eGFR rate was examined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). eGFR decline trajectories were also assessed using mixed-effects models. RESULTS Among the 552,951 participants, 146,753 (26.5%) had hematuria, and 56,021 (10.1%) and 8,061 (1.5%) had occasional and persistent proteinuria, respectively. During the median follow-up of 3.0 years, annual change in eGFR decline in participants with hematuria was significantly faster than in those without hematuria (mean [95% confidence interval]: - 0.95 [- 0.98 to - 0.92] vs - 0.86 [- 0.87 to - 0.84] mL/min/1.73 m2/year; P < 0.001). In ANCOVA, the hematuria-related annual eGFR decline rate increased as proteinuria frequency categories increased (differences in annual eGFR decline rate between participants with and without hematuria: 0.08 [0.06 to 0.09] in participants with non-proteinuria category, 0.17 [0.15 to 0.18] in occasional proteinuria category, and 0.68 [0.65 to 0.71] mL/min/1.73 m2/year in persistent proteinuria category; P for interaction < 0.001). Similar results were obtained by the linear mixed-effect model. CONCLUSIONS Proteinuria has a synergistic effect on dipstick hematuria-related decline in kidney function. Among the general population without proteinuria throughout the observational period, the "isolated hematuria"-related eGFR decline was statistically significant but the difference was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Tasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eriguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uemura
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fukata
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nishimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kosugi
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Samejima
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Iseki
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Asahi
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yamagata
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Konta
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shouichi Fujimoto
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masato Kasahara
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Moriyama
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahide Kondo
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Steering Committee of Research on Design of the Comprehensive Health Care System for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Based on the Individual Risk Assessment By Specific Health Check, Fukushima, Japan
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Um YJ, Chang Y, Kim Y, Kwon MJ, Jung HS, Lee KB, Joo KJ, Cho IY, Wild SH, Byrne CD, Ryu S. Risk of CKD Following Detection of Microscopic Hematuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2023; 81:425-433.e1. [PMID: 36400245 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Microscopic hematuria is an uncertain risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the association between persistent or single episodes of microscopic hematuria and the development of incident CKD, overall and separately among men and women. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS A total of 232,220 Korean adults without CKD at baseline who underwent repeated regular health examinations at Kangbuk Samsung Health Study formed the study cohort. EXPOSURE Microscopic hematuria was defined by≥5 red blood cells per high-power field. Participants were categorized into 1 of 4 groups according to the presence of hematuria at 2 consecutive examinations: (1) no hematuria at both examinations (reference group); (2) hematuria followed by no hematuria (regressed hematuria group); (3) no hematuria followed by hematuria (developed hematuria group); and (4) hematuria at both examinations (persistent hematuria group). OUTCOME CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate<60mL/min/1.73m2 or proteinuria (1+or more on dipstick examination). ANALYTICAL APPROACH Semiparametric proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios. RESULTS During a 4.8-year median follow-up period, 2,392 participants developed CKD. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for incident CKD, comparing the regressed, developed, and persistent hematuria groups to the no-hematuria group were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.35-2.53), 3.18 (95% CI, 2.54-3.98), and 5.23 (95% CI, 4.15-6.59), respectively. The association between persistent hematuria and incident CKD was stronger in men than women (P for interaction<0.001), although a statistically significant association was observed in both sexes. LIMITATIONS Lack of albuminuria and inability to consider specific glomerular diseases. CONCLUSIONS Men and women with microscopic hematuria, especially persistent hematuria, may be at increased risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Um
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yejin Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Beck Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwan Joong Joo
- Department of Urology, and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Young Cho
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Yu MY, Park JK, Kim BS, Kim HJ, Shin J, Shin JH. Association of microscopic hematuria with long-term mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis. J Nephrol 2023; 36:147-155. [PMID: 36001296 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microscopic hematuria is associated with increased risk of developing chronic kidney function impairment and even death. However, data on the long-term mortality risk associated with microscopic hematuria among patients with hypertensive crisis are scarce. We hypothesized that microscopic hematuria at initial presentation in patients with hypertensive crisis would be associated with increased long-term mortality. METHODS This retrospective study included patients admitted to the emergency department between 2016 and 2019 for hypertensive crisis (systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg). Microscopic hematuria was defined as ≥ 3 red blood cells per high-power field on microscopic evaluation of urine. RESULTS Among 3595 patients, 1359 (37.8%) had microscopic hematuria. The 3-year all-cause mortality in patients with and without microscopic hematuria was 25.5% and 16.3%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, patients with microscopic hematuria (adjusted HR, 1.30; 95% CI 1.10-1.54) showed a significantly higher risk of 3-year all-cause mortality than patients without microscopic hematuria. In a subgroup analysis based on the presence of proteinuria, microscopic hematuria was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in patients without proteinuria (adjusted HR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.28-2.03) but not in patients with proteinuria. CONCLUSION Microscopic hematuria was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis. Our study suggests that microscopic hematuria can be a useful prognostic marker and may permit early detection of patients with an increased risk of death. Clinicians in the emergency department should consider screening for kidney function using urine analysis during the initial assessment of patients with hypertensive crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sik Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmadi A, Shariatmadari F, Yousefichaijan P, Sarmadian R, Dorreh F, Arjmand Shabestari A. Evaluation of Renal Function and Urinalysis in Children With Simple Febrile Convulsions. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2022:99228221142127. [PMID: 36476164 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221142127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most prevalent type of seizure in children. Febrile diseases have been associated with alterations in kidney function and urine indices. Therefore, in this study, renal function and urine analysis were examined in children with simple FC. The study comprised children with simple FC who were referred to the Amirkabir hospital in Arak between 2020 and 2021. Children were examined for urinalysis and kidney function by assessing the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A total of 157 patients with FC were admitted. Hematuria, proteinuria, and pyuria were detected in 8.9%, 1.9%, and 5.1% of cases, respectively. The urine cultures of 2 children were positive. Moreover, it was found that in simple FC, eGFR decreases regardless of gender (P > .05), although kidney function decreases more in children older than 24 months. In conclusion, all children with FC must undergo renal function assessments. Furthermore, urinalysis and urine culture are advised to rule out infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roham Sarmadian
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dorreh
- Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Ishida M, Matsuzaki K, Suzuki H, Suzuki Y, Kawamura T, Marunaka Y, Iwami T. Association between 3-Year Repetitive Isolated Hematuria and eGFR Deterioration in an Apparently Healthy Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11466. [PMID: 36141738 PMCID: PMC9517453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic hematuria is being increasingly recognized as a major indicator of kidney deterioration. Persistent hematuria may better detect estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) deterioration and potential glomerulonephritis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the associations between persistent hematuria: the frequency or consistency of positive dipstick hematuria defined by the preceding 3 years urinalyses, and eGFR deterioration over 5 years and abnormal urinalyses suggesting potential glomerulonephritis (hematuria 1+ or higher, 2+ or higher, proteinuria, and hematuria and proteinuria) 5 years later, among adult participants with positive dipstick hematuria at baseline in a large-scale Japanese health checkup setting (n = 2104). There was no significant association between persistent hematuria and eGFR deterioration over 5 years. The higher the frequency of preceding hematuria, the greater the RR of hematuria 5 years later; RRs of hematuria with preceding thrice, twice, or once hematuria were 3.64 [95% CI, 3.11-4.25], 2.97 [95% CI, 2.52-3.51], or 1.91 [95% CI, 1.58-2.30] for "hematuria 1+ or higher," and 7.13 [95% CI, 5.17-9.83], 4.26 [95% CI, 3.02-6.02], or 2.23 [95% CI, 1.52-3.27] for "hematuria 2+ or higher". The presence of both hematuria and proteinuria 5 years later was only associated with preceding thrice hematuria (RR: 2.35 [95% CI, 1.37-4.03]). In conclusion, persistent hematuria for 3 years was associated with hematuria and proteinuria that were suggesting glomerulonephritis, but not associated with eGFR deterioration over 5 years. Multiple dipstick urinalyses over years can add some values to detect potential glomerulonephritis as an early sign of chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Ishida
- Department of Preventive Services, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Agency for Health, Safety and Environment, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawamura
- Department of Preventive Services, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan
| | - Taku Iwami
- Department of Preventive Services, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan
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Fogh K, Vestergaard SV, Christiansen CF, Pedersen L, Nitsch D, Nørgaard M. Hematuria and subsequent long-term risk of end-stage kidney disease: A Danish population-based cohort study. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 96:90-96. [PMID: 34776328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematuria is a frequent incidental clinical finding and may be a symptom of pre-existing underlying benign or malignant urinary tract or kidney disease. However, in patients with no apparent underlying cause of hematuria, long-term prognosis of hematuria remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To assess the long-term risk of end-stage-kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with a hospital-based hematuria diagnosis and no apparent underlying cause. METHODS Patients with a hospital diagnosis of hematuria were included and matched in a 1:5 ratio with comparison persons from the background population by age, sex and residency. We calculated the cumulative risk of ESKD considering death as a competing risk. Furthermore, we computed unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals using Cox hazard regression with adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. RESULTS We included 170,189 hematuria-diagnosed patients. The absolute 10-year risk of ESKD was 0.7% (95%CI: 0.7-0.8) in patients with hematuria and 0.4% (95%CI: 0.3-0.4) in comparison persons, hence yielding an overall adjusted hazard ratio of 1.6 (95%CI: 1.4-1.7). Hematuria also increased the risk of EKSD in patients with pre-existing comorbidities like diabetes (adjusted HR: 1.3 [95%CI: 1.1-1.5]) and urogenital cancer (adjusted HR: 1.4 ([95%CI: 1.1-1.9]), whereas no association was observed in patients with previous kidney disease (adjusted HR: 0.9 (95%CI: 0.8-1.0). CONCLUSION A hospital-based hematuria diagnosis in patients with no apparent underlying cause of hematuria is a marker of an increased risk of future ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Fogh
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Søren Viborg Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Fynbo Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mette Nørgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Chang KC, Hsieh YP, Chao HN, Lin CM, Lin KH, Tsai CC, Heish CE, Lin PR, Kor CT, Chen YL, Chiu PF. Association of Hematuria with Renal Progression and Survival in Patients Who Underwent Living Donor Liver Transplant. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194345. [PMID: 34640362 PMCID: PMC8509505 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the association between episodic or persistent hematuria after liver transplantation and long-term renal outcomes. Methods: Patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation between July 2005 and June 2019 were recruited and divided into two groups based on the finding of microscopic or gross hematuria after transplantation. All patients were followed up from the index date until the end date in May 2020. The risks of chronic kidney disease, death, and 30% and 50% declines in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared between groups. Results: A total of 295 patients underwent urinalysis for various reasons after undergoing transplantation. Hematuria was detected in 100 patients (group A) but was not present in 195 patients (group B). Compared with group B, group A had a higher risk of renal progression, including eGFR decline >50% [aHR = 3.447 (95%CI: 2.24~5.30), p < 0.001] and worse survival. In addition, patients who took non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) continuously for over seven days within six months before transplant surgery had high risks of rapid renal progression, including a >30% decline in eGFR [aHR = 1.572 (95%CI: 1.12~2.21), p = 0.009)]. Conclusion: Development of hematuria after surgery in patients who underwent living donor liver transplant and were exposed to NSAIDs before surgery were associated with worse long-term renal dysfunction and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chieh Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (H.-N.C.); (C.-M.L.); (C.-C.T.)
| | - Yao-Peng Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (H.-N.C.); (C.-M.L.); (C.-C.T.)
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Nung Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (H.-N.C.); (C.-M.L.); (C.-C.T.)
- Division of Nephrology, Hanming Christian Hospital, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (H.-N.C.); (C.-M.L.); (C.-C.T.)
| | - Kuo-Hua Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Chun-Chieh Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (H.-N.C.); (C.-M.L.); (C.-C.T.)
| | - Chia-En Heish
- Department of General Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Pei-Ru Lin
- Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (P.-R.L.); (C.-T.K.)
| | - Chew-Teng Kor
- Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (P.-R.L.); (C.-T.K.)
| | - Yao-Li Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (C.-E.H.)
- Transplant Medicine & Surgery Research Centre, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.C.); (P.-F.C.)
| | - Ping-Fang Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (H.-N.C.); (C.-M.L.); (C.-C.T.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Hospitality Management, Ming Dao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.C.); (P.-F.C.)
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9
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Kizilocak H, Dursun H, Hasbal C, Hatipoğlu S. The role of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 in monitoring the child with idiopathic microscopic hematuria. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2021; 5:746-749. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.837889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Suh JS, Jang KM, Hyun H, Cho MH, Lee JH, Park YS, Oh JH, Kim JH, Yoo KH, Chung WY, Kim SH, Kim K, Lee DY, Lee JW, Cho MH, Park H, Koo JW, Han KH, Yang EM, Lee KH, Shin JI, Cho H, Kim KS, Ha IS, Park YH, Kang HG. Remission of Proteinuria May Protect against Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease in Pediatric-Onset IgA Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072058. [PMID: 32629965 PMCID: PMC7408672 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerulopathies diagnosed in children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features in and outcomes of pediatric IgAN over the last 30 years. Patients who were diagnosed before age of 18 at 20 centers in Korea were evaluated retrospectively. Of the 1154 patients (768 males, 386 females) with a median follow-up of 5 years, 5.6% (n = 65) progressed to stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The 10- and 20-year CKD-free survival rates were 91.2% and 75.6%, respectively. Outcomes did not differ when comparing those in Korea who were diagnosed prior to versus after the year 2000. On multivariate analysis, combined asymptomatic hematuria and proteinuria as presenting symptoms and decreased renal function at the time of biopsy were associated with progression to CKD, while remission of proteinuria was negatively associated with this outcome. Patients who presented with gross hematuria or nephrotic syndrome tended toward positive outcomes, especially if they ultimately achieved remission. While remission of proteinuria might imply that the disease is inherently less aggressive, it also can be achieved by management. Therefore, more aggressive management might be required for pediatric-onset IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soon Suh
- Departments of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14647, Korea;
| | - Kyung Mi Jang
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu 42415, Korea; (K.M.J.); (Y.H.P.)
| | - Hyesun Hyun
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea;
| | - Myung Hyun Cho
- Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Joo Hoon Lee
- Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.H.L.); (Y.S.P.)
| | - Young Seo Park
- Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.H.L.); (Y.S.P.)
| | - Jae Hyuk Oh
- Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.H.L.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Kee Hwan Yoo
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Woo Yeong Chung
- Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea;
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Keehyuck Kim
- National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Korea;
| | - Dae Yeol Lee
- Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Jung Won Lee
- Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Min Hyun Cho
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Hyewon Park
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Hee Han
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Eun Mi Yang
- Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.H.L.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.H.L.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Heeyeon Cho
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | | | - Il-Soo Ha
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yong Hoon Park
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu 42415, Korea; (K.M.J.); (Y.H.P.)
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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