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Bai B, Sahare PD. Effect of redox reactions on the thermoluminescence characteristics of Cu-doped NaLi 2PO 4 phosphors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20298-20313. [PMID: 37425624 PMCID: PMC10323542 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A Cu-doped NaLi2PO4 phosphor material was successfully synthesized through the high-temperature solid state diffusion method. It was mainly doped with Cu2Cl2 and CuCl2 salts for impurities in the form of Cu+ and Cu2+, respectively. Formation of the material in the single phase of the phosphor material was confirmed by powder XRD. Morphological and compositional characterization was done using XPS, SEM and EDS techniques. The materials were annealed in reducing, (10% H2 in Ar) and CO/CO2 (by burning charcoal in a closed system), as well as in oxidizing (air) atmospheres at different temperatures. ESR and PL studies were conducted for studying redox reactions due to annealing and its effect on TL characteristics. It is known that the impurity Cu could exist in Cu2+, Cu+ and Cu0 forms. The material was doped with two different salts (Cu2Cl2 and CuCl2) as sources of the impurities in two different forms i.e., Cu+ and Cu2+, however, it was found that it gets incorporated in both the forms inside the material. Also, annealing in different atmospheres not only changed their ionic states but also affected the sensitivity of these phosphors. It was observed that at ∼10 Gy, NaLi2PO4:Cu(ii) is around 3.3 times, 3.0 times and almost equally sensitive than commercially available TLD-900 phosphor on annealing in air, 10% H2 in Ar and CO/CO2 at 400, 400 and 800 °C, respectively. However, NaLi2PO4:Cu(i) becomes 1.8 times sensitive after annealing in CO/CO2 at 800 °C as compared to TLD-900. With high sensitivity, both the materials NaLi2PO4:Cu(ii) and NaLi2PO4:Cu(i) are good candidates for radiation dosimetry with a wide dose response (mGy-5.0 kGy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuli Bai
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - P D Sahare
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
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Salama E, Aloraini DA, El-khateeb SA, Moustafa M. Rhyolite as a Naturally Sustainable Thermoluminescence Material for Dose Assessment Applications. Sustainability 2022; 14:6918. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Thermoluminescence characteristics of natural rhyolite have been studied. Dose response at a wide dose range of 0.5–2000 Gy has been determined. Minimum detectable dose and thermal fading rate are evaluated. Glow curve deconvolution is conducted after determining the best read-out conditions. The repeated initial rise (RIR) method is used to detect the overlapping peaks, and a glow curve deconvolution procedure is used to extract the thermoluminescence parameters of rhyolite. According to the findings, rhyolite glow curves show five interfering peaks corresponding to five electron trap levels at 142, 176, 221, 298, and 355 °C, respectively, at a heating rate of 3 °C/s. The obtained kinetic order for the deconvoluted peaks showed mixed-order kinetic. The reported results might be useful to introduce rhyolite as a natural sustainable material for radiation dosimetry applications.
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Mentzel F, Derugin E, Jansen H, Kröninger K, Nackenhorst O, Walbersloh J, Weingarten J. No more glowing in the dark: how deep learning improves exposure date estimation in thermoluminescence dosimetry. J Radiol Prot 2021; 41:S506-S521. [PMID: 34428760 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac20ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The time- or temperature-resolved detector signal from a thermoluminescence dosimeter can reveal additional information about circumstances of an exposure to ionising irradiation. We present studies using deep neural networks to estimate the date of a single irradiation with 12 mSv within a monitoring interval of 42 days from glow curves of novel TL-DOS personal dosimeters developed by the Materialprüfungsamt NRW in cooperation with TU Dortmund University. Using a deep convolutional network, the irradiation date can be predicted from raw time-resolved glow curve data with an uncertainty of roughly 1-2 days on a 68% confidence level without the need for a prior transformation into temperature space and a subsequent glow curve deconvolution (GCD). This corresponds to a significant improvement in prediction accuracy compared to a prior publication, which yielded a prediction uncertainty of 2-4 days using features obtained from a GCD as input to a neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mentzel
- TU Dortmund University, August-Schmidt-Straåe 1, 44227 Dortmund, NRW, Germany
| | - E Derugin
- TU Dortmund University, August-Schmidt-Straåe 1, 44227 Dortmund, NRW, Germany
| | - H Jansen
- TU Dortmund University, August-Schmidt-Straåe 1, 44227 Dortmund, NRW, Germany
| | - K Kröninger
- TU Dortmund University, August-Schmidt-Straåe 1, 44227 Dortmund, NRW, Germany
| | - O Nackenhorst
- TU Dortmund University, August-Schmidt-Straåe 1, 44227 Dortmund, NRW, Germany
| | - J Walbersloh
- Materialprüfungsamt NRW, Marsbruchstraåe 186, 44287 Dortmund, NRW, Germany
| | - J Weingarten
- TU Dortmund University, August-Schmidt-Straåe 1, 44227 Dortmund, NRW, Germany
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Tissot MB, Valença JV, Silva AC, Dantas NO, Buchner S. Thermal and structural analysis of Li2O ⋅ B2O3 ⋅ Al2O3 glasses with addition of CaF2 or LiF. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021; 188:109619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jung A, Matusiak K. The impact of accidental immersion in selected liquids on the sensitivity and repeatability of MCP-N thermoluminescent detectors. RADIAT MEAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Saray AA, Kaviani P, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D. Dosimetric characteristics of lithium triborate (LiB3O5) nanophosphor for medical applications. RADIAT MEAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pereira JS, Pereira MF, Rangel S, Caldeira M, Carvalhal G, Santos LM, Cardoso JV, Alves JG. TYPE TESTING OF LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD-100H) WHOLE-BODY DOSEMETERS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF Hp(10) AND Hp(0.07). Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:216-223. [PMID: 30496554 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the initial results of the type testing of the LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD-100H) whole-body personal dosemeters are presented. An assessment of reproducibility, linearity of the response, the residual signal as a function of the dose, energy and angular dependence of the response was performed. In general, the dosemeters show good reproducibility for different dose values and a linear behaviour for a range between 0.1 and 300 mSv. The detection limits obtained are lower than 50 μSv. The system presents a good energy and angular response for different radiation qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Pereira
- Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- UL-IST, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - M F Pereira
- Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- UL-IST, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - S Rangel
- Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - M Caldeira
- Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- UL-IST, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - G Carvalhal
- Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - L M Santos
- Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - J V Cardoso
- Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - J G Alves
- Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- UL-IST, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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De Saint-hubert M, Knežević Ž, De Freitas Nascimento L, Parisi A, Van Hoey O, Vanhavere F. Comparison of thermoluminescent readers exploring different reading protocols for LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N) detectors. RADIAT MEAS 2019; 121:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tang K, Cui H, Qiao H, Fan H. PROPERTIES OF THERMOLUMINESCENT CARDS WITH HIGH SENSITIVE GR-200A LiF:Mg,Cu, P DETECTORS FOR HARSHAW AUTOMATIC READER. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2018; 182:459-463. [PMID: 29897536 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
New DML TL cards with GR-200A detectors were developed. The TL sensitivity remains stable and the detectors were sealed firmly during the encapsulation process. The sensitivity, detection threshold, residual signal, reusability, dose response and Teflon capsule resistance of DML cards with two GR-200A detectors with diameter 3.6 mm and thickness 0.38 mm placed in positions 2 and 3 were evaluated. The detection thresholds were 0.61 μSv for the detector at position 2 and 1.15 μSv for the detector at position 3. The residual signals were 0.40% for the detector at position 2 and 0.57% for the detector at position 3. The 10 repeated readings of the same 10 irradiated cards were found within 1% for the two detectors on the cards. The DML cards demonstrate very high sensitivity, low background and good stability and can be used for very low dose ranges in personnel dosimetry and in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tang
- Solid Dosimetric Detector and Method Laboratory, PO Box 1044, Ext. 202, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, PO Box 1044, Ext. 202, Beijing, PR China
| | - H Cui
- Solid Dosimetric Detector and Method Laboratory, PO Box 1044, Ext. 202, Beijing, PR China
| | - H Qiao
- Solid Dosimetric Detector and Method Laboratory, PO Box 1044, Ext. 202, Beijing, PR China
| | - H Fan
- Solid Dosimetric Detector and Method Laboratory, PO Box 1044, Ext. 202, Beijing, PR China
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Patil RR, Gaikwad SU, More YK, Kulkarni MS, Bhatt BC, Moharil SV. A new highly sensitive low-Z LiF-based OSL phosphor for radiation dosimetry. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 168:465-470. [PMID: 26347541 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new low-Z lithium fluoride-based optical stimulated luminescent (OSL) phosphor is developed. The phosphor shows good OSL properties, and its sensitivity is comparable with that of the commercial Al2O3:C (Landauer, Inc.) phosphor. For the luminescence averaged over initial 3 s, blue stimulated luminescence (BSL) and green stimulated luminescence (GSL) sensitivities were found to be 0.27 and 4 times, respectively, than that of Al2O3:C (Landauer, Inc.). The BSL decay is fast, and the whole signal decays within 3 s; the GSL decay is relatively slow, and the signal decays in 25 s. The fast decay, good sensitivity, good linearity and its near tissue equivalence (Zeff ∼8.14) will make this phosphor suitable for radiation dosimetry particularly in personnel as well as in medical dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Patil
- Institute of Science, R.T. Road Civil Lines, Nagpur, India
| | - S U Gaikwad
- Institute of Science, R.T. Road Civil Lines, Nagpur, India
| | - Y K More
- Institute of Science, R.T. Road Civil Lines, Nagpur, India
| | - M S Kulkarni
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Romanyukha A, Delzer JA, Grypp MD, Williams AS. Effect of short-term sensitivity loss in LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosemeter and its implications on personnel dosimetry operations. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 168:204-211. [PMID: 25767182 PMCID: PMC4884872 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A short-term sensitivity loss in LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) was observed and is described. Its observation occurred during a pre-irradiation anneal with a slightly elevated maximum temperature (5-15°C), which causes notable under-response (5-10 %) of the subsequent read at the recommended time-temperature profile (TTP), which has a peak temperature of 260°C. A subsequent irradiation and reading using the recommended TTP showed partial or complete recovery of the TLD's sensitivity. To the best of our knowledge, there were no publications on possible implications of a one-time 5-15°C overheat of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLDs during anneal. This is not unusual when several readers with some variations in their heating cycles are used to calibrate and process the same population of dosemeters. A special test to identify if a small uncontrolled overheating of a dosemeter element has occurred was developed and tested. Two practical implications of the effect of a short-term sensitivity loss in LiF:Mg,Cu,P, e.g. inconsistency in results of metrological traceability verification and reporting of false neutron doses, are described in detail. Simple indicators of a small uncontrolled overheating are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey A Delzer
- Naval Dosimetry Center, 8950 Brown Drive, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Matthew D Grypp
- Naval Dosimetry Center, 8950 Brown Drive, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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Ekendahl D, Bulánek B, Judas L. Comparative measurements of external radiation exposure using mobile phones, dental ceramic, household salt and conventional personal dosemeters. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
The enormous advances in the understanding of human anatomy, physiology and pathology in recent decades have led to ever-improving methods of disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Many of these achievements have been enabled, at least in part, by advances in ionizing radiation detectors. Radiology has been transformed by the implementation of multi-slice CT and digital x-ray imaging systems, with silver halide films now largely obsolete for many applications. Nuclear medicine has benefited from more sensitive, faster and higher-resolution detectors delivering ever-higher SPECT and PET image quality. PET/MR systems have been enabled by the development of gamma ray detectors that can operate in high magnetic fields. These huge advances in imaging have enabled equally impressive steps forward in radiotherapy delivery accuracy, with 4DCT, PET and MRI routinely used in treatment planning and online image guidance provided by cone-beam CT. The challenge of ensuring safe, accurate and precise delivery of highly complex radiation fields has also both driven and benefited from advances in radiation detectors. Detector systems have been developed for the measurement of electron, intensity-modulated and modulated arc x-ray, proton and ion beams, and around brachytherapy sources based on a very wide range of technologies. The types of measurement performed are equally wide, encompassing commissioning and quality assurance, reference dosimetry, in vivo dosimetry and personal and environmental monitoring. In this article, we briefly introduce the general physical characteristics and properties that are commonly used to describe the behaviour and performance of both discrete and imaging detectors. The physical principles of operation of calorimeters; ionization and charge detectors; semiconductor, luminescent, scintillating and chemical detectors; and radiochromic and radiographic films are then reviewed and their principle applications discussed. Finally, a general discussion of the application of detectors for x-ray nuclear medicine and ion beam imaging and dosimetry is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Seco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Romanyukha A, Minniti R, Moscovitch M, Thompson A, Trompier F, Colle R, Sucheta A, Voss S, Benevides L. Effect of neutron irradiation on dosimetric properties of TLD-600H (6LiF:Mg,Cu,P). RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marino SA, Johnson GW, Schiff PB, Brenner DJ. Modification of shirt buttons for retrospective radiation dosimetry after a radiological event. Health Phys 2011; 100:542-547. [PMID: 21451325 PMCID: PMC3079536 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31820153d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary results are presented for a personal radiation dosimeter in the form of a clothing button to provide gamma-ray dose estimation for clinically-significant external radiation exposures to the general public due to a radiological incident, such as use of a radiological dispersal device. Rods of thermoluminescent material (LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P) were encapsulated in plastic "buttons," attached to shirts, and subjected to three cycles of home or commercial laundering or dry cleaning, including ironing or pressing. The buttons were subsequently exposed to doses of 137Cs gamma rays ranging from 0.75 to 8.2 Gy. The rods were removed from the buttons and their light output compared to their responses when bare or to the responses of a set of calibration rods of the same type and from the same manufacturer. In all three of the comparisons for LiF:Mg,Ti rods, the relative responses of the rods in buttons changed by 2-6% relative to the same rods before cleaning. In both comparisons for LiF:Mg,Cu,P rods, the response of laundered rods was 1-3% lower than for the same rods before cleaning. Both these materials are potential candidates for button dosimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Marino
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
The results of an intercomparison exercise within the US Navy dosimetric network (USN-DN) are presented and discussed. The USN-DN uses a commercially available LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) model Harshaw 8840/8841 and TLD reader model Harshaw 8800 manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific. The USN-DN consists of a single calibration facility and 16 satellite dosimetry reading facilities throughout the world with ∼ 40 model 8800 TLD readers and in excess of 350 000 TLD cards in circulation. The Naval Dosimetry Center (NDC) is the primary calibration site responsible for the distribution and calibration of all TLD cards and their associated holders. In turn, each satellite facility is assigned a subpopulation of cards, which are utilised for servicing their local customers. Consistency of the NDC calibration of 150 dosemeters (calibrated at NDC) and 27 locally calibrated remote readers was evaluated in the framework of this intercomparison. Accuracy of TLDs' calibration, performed at the NDC, was found to be <3 % throughout the entire network. Accuracy of the readers' calibration, performed with the NDC issued calibration dosemeters at remote sites, was found to be better than 4 % for most readers. The worst performance was found for reader Channel 3, which is calibrated using the thinnest chip of the Harshaw 8840/8841 dosemeter. The loss of sensitivity of this chip may be caused by time-temperature profile that has been designed for all four chips without consideration of chip thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romanyukha
- Naval Dosimetry Center, Bethesda, MD 20899, USA.
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Obryk B, Hranitzky C, Stadtmann H, Budzanowski M, Olko P. Energy response of different types of RADOS personal dosemeters with MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) TL detectors. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2011; 144:211-214. [PMID: 21227957 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The photon energy response of different RADOS (Mirion Technologies) personal dosemeters with MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) thermoluminescence (TL) detectors was investigated. Three types of badges were applied. The irradiation with reference photon radiation qualities N (the narrow spectrum series), and S-Cs and S-Co nuclide radiation qualities, specified in ISO 4037 [International Organization for Standardization (ISO). X and gamma reference radiations for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy. ISO 4037. Part 1-4 (1999)], in the energy range of 16-1250 keV, were performed at the Dosimetry Laboratory Seibersdorf. The results demonstrated that a readout of a single MTS-N or MCP-N detector under the Al filter can be used to determine Hp(10) according to requirements of IEC 61066 [International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Thermoluminescence dosimetry systems for personal and environmental monitoring. International Standard IEC 61066 (2006)] for TL systems for personal dosimetry. The new RADOS badge with the experimental type of a holder (i.e. Cu/Al filters) is a very good tool for identifying the radiation quality (photon energy).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Obryk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, IFJ, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
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Benevides L, Voss S, Nita I, Rotunda J, Velbeck K, Luo LZ, Moscovitch M. UV-induced bleaching of deep traps in Harshaw TLD LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2011; 144:199-201. [PMID: 21310735 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of UV-induced bleaching of deep traps on Harshaw thermoluminescent (TL) LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti materials were investigated. During a normal heating cycle, LiF:Mg,Cu,P is limited to a maximum temperature of 240 °C. LiF:Mg,Ti can be read to higher temperatures; however, encapsulation in polytetrafluoroethylene limits the maximum readout temperature to 300 °C. Generally, for both materials, these respective temperatures are sufficient for emptying traps corresponding to the main dosemetric peaks. However, when the dosemeters are subjected to a high dose level, such as 1 Gy (much higher than individual monitoring dose levels), higher temperature traps are filled that cannot be emptied without exceeding the above-mentioned maximum temperatures. These high temperature traps tend to be unstable during normal readout and can significantly increase the residual TL signal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of a UV-induced bleaching technique for emptying higher temperature traps following high-dose applications. In addition, in the case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P, where the maximum readout temperature is significantly lower, we investigated the possibility of reducing the residual signal using the application of repeated readout cycles. The optical bleaching approach was found to be effective in the case of LiF:Mg,Ti; however, for LiF:Mg,Cu,P, no reduction in the residual signal was observed. For this latter material, the application of repeatable readout cycles is very effective and residual signals equivalent to dose levels as low as 0.01 mGy were observed following an initial dose of 5 Gy. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to apply an 'optical annealing' technique to the Harshaw thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benevides
- The US Naval Dosimetry Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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Králík M, Krása J, Velyhan A, Scholz M, Ivanova-Stanik IM, Bienkowska B, Miklaszewski R, Schmidt H, Řezáč K, Klír D, Kravárik J, Kubeš P. Application of a Bonner sphere spectrometer for determination of the energy spectra of neutrons generated by ≈1 MJ plasma focus. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:113503. [PMID: 21133467 DOI: 10.1063/1.3488372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The spectra of neutrons outside the plasma focus device PF-1000 with an upper energy limit of ≈1 MJ was measured using a Bonner spheres spectrometer in which the active detector of thermal neutrons was replaced by nine thermoluminescent chips. As an a priori spectrum for the unfolding procedure, the spectrum calculated by means of the Monte Carlo method with a simplified model of the discharge chamber was selected. Differences between unfolded and calculated spectra are discussed with respect to properties of the discharge vessel and the laboratory layout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Králík
- Czech Metrology Institute, 102 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
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Kraus MD, Krischak G, Keppler P, Gebhard FT, Schuetz UHW. Can computer-assisted surgery reduce the effective dose for spinal fusion and sacroiliac screw insertion? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:2419-29. [PMID: 20521129 PMCID: PMC2919865 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of fluoroscopy-based surgical procedures and the associated exposure to radiation raise questions regarding potential risks for patients and operating room personnel. Computer-assisted technologies can help to reduce the emission of radiation; the effect on the patient's dose for the three-dimensional (3-D)-based technologies has not yet been evaluated. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We determined the effective and organ dose in dorsal spinal fusion and percutaneous transsacral screw stabilization during conventional fluoroscopy-assisted and computer-navigated procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recorded the dose and duration of radiation from fluoroscopy in 20 patients, with single vertebra fractures of the lumbar spine, who underwent posterior stabilization with and without the use of a navigation system and 20 patients with navigated percutaneous transsacral screw stabilization for sacroiliac joint injuries. For the conventional iliosacral joint operations, the duration of radiation was estimated retrospectively in two cases and further determined from the literature. Dose measurements were performed with a male phantom; the phantom was equipped with thermoluminescence dosimeters. RESULTS The effective dose in conventional spine surgery using 2-D fluoroscopy was more than 12-fold greater than in navigated operations. For the sacroiliac joint, the effective dose was nearly fivefold greater for nonnavigated operations. CONCLUSION Compared with conventional fluoroscopy, the patient's effective dose can be reduced by 3-D computer-assisted spinal and pelvic surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael David Kraus
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Steinhoevelstr 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gert Krischak
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Steinhoevelstr 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Keppler
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Steinhoevelstr 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian T. Gebhard
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Steinhoevelstr 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe H. W. Schuetz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Ekendahl D, Prouza Z, Králík M. Testing of a thermoluminescent personal dosimeter at interim storages for spent nuclear fuel. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2010; 139:574-579. [PMID: 20067979 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncp298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The National Radiation Protection Institute in Prague is about to use a commercially available multi-element whole-body thermoluminescence dosimeter for its radiation personnel. During the phase of practical verification of the method, the dosimeter was tested, among others, in mixed neutron-photon fields in the area of interim storages for spent nuclear fuel of the Czech nuclear power plant Dukovany. The testing was made with the intention to get information about accuracy of H(p)(10) determination for cases when no site-specific calibration is available or neutron spectra are not known. The measured photon and neutron personal dose equivalents were evaluated and discussed in relation to results obtained by survey meters and neutron spectra measured before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ekendahl
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoskova 28, CZ-140 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Dong J, Mury SP, Drahos KE, Moscovitch M, Zia RKP, Finkielstein CV. Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8970. [PMID: 20126466 PMCID: PMC2813296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A long-standing conventional view of radiation-induced apoptosis is that increased exposure results in augmented apoptosis in a biological system, with a threshold below which radiation doses do not cause any significant increase in cell death. The consequences of this belief impact the extent to which malignant diseases and non-malignant conditions are therapeutically treated and how radiation is used in combination with other therapies. Our research challenges the current dogma of dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and establishes a new parallel paradigm to the photoelectric effect in biological systems. Methodology/Principal Findings We explored how the energy of individual X-ray photons and exposure time, both factors that determine the total dose, influence the occurrence of cell death in early Xenopus embryo. Three different experimental scenarios were analyzed and morphological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis were evaluated. Initially, we examined cell death events in embryos exposed to increasing incident energies when the exposure time was preset. Then, we evaluated the embryo's response when the exposure time was augmented while the energy value remained constant. Lastly, we studied the incidence of apoptosis in embryos exposed to an equal total dose of radiation that resulted from increasing the incoming energy while lowering the exposure time. Conclusions/Significance Overall, our data establish that the energy of the incident photon is a major contributor to the outcome of the biological system. In particular, for embryos exposed under identical conditions and delivered the same absorbed dose of radiation, the response is significantly increased when shorter bursts of more energetic photons are used. These results suggest that biological organisms display properties similar to the photoelectric effect in physical systems and provide new insights into how radiation-mediated apoptosis should be understood and utilized for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJia Dong
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sean P. Mury
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Drahos
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Marko Moscovitch
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D. C., United States of America
| | - Royce K. P. Zia
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Carla V. Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Delzer JA, Hawley JR, Romanyukha A, Nemmers S, Selwyn R, Benevides LA. Long-term fade study of the DT-702 LiF: Mg,Cu,P TLD. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 131:279-286. [PMID: 18621919 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
LiF thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) are used by the US Navy to record radiation exposure of personnel. The Model DT-648 LiF:Mg,Ti TLD has been replaced by a new Model DT-702 LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD. The DT-648 was used for many years and has undergone extensive testing to identify its pre- and post-irradiation fade operating characteristics. Studies have shown that the addition of copper increases the thermoluminesence sensitivity of the TLD for improved low-level radiation monitoring. This study evaluates various fading characteristics of the new copper-doped dosemeter using current equipment for processing of TLDs and calibrating to a National Institute of Standards and Technology standard source. The 57-week study took place at the Naval Dosimetry Center, Bethesda, MD, USA. TLDs were stored for various lengths of time before and after being exposed to a National Institute of Standards and Technology calibrated radiation sources. TLDs were then processed using current US Navy instructions and the resulting dose compared with the calibrated exposure. Both loss of signal and loss of sensitivity were evaluated. The results of this study have shown that the DT-702 TLD has no statistically significant change in sensitivity or change in signal with up to 57 weeks of pre- or post-irradiation time. The results of this study will increase the accuracy of exposure record keeping for the Navy and will allow longer issue periods. This will increase flexibility with international and domestic shipping procedures, as well as reduce workload requirements for dosimetry processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Delzer
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Romanyukha A, King D, Benevides LA. Effect of background radiation on the lower limit of detection for extended dosemeter issue periods. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 131:180-187. [PMID: 18448436 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An extension of dosemeter issue period brings significant economic and logistic benefits. Therefore, it is desirable to have an extended period as long as possible without significant loss of the quality of dose measurements. There are many studies devoted to the investigation of fading or reduction of the dose accumulated in dosemeters with time. However, this is one of many critical factors that need's to be taken into account when extending the dosemeter issue period. Background radiation is also a critical factor that needs to be appropriately accounted. In this report, a new approach has been suggested for evaluating the effect of background radiation on the lower limit of detection (LLD) of occupational radiation dose. This approach is based on the data collected from control dosemeters that are routinely used for subtraction of background radiation from occupational dose measurements. The results show that for LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescence dosemeters, variations in background radiation have a higher impact on the LLD than dose fading and the absolute value of background radiation. Although there is no significant dose fading in LiF:Mg,Cu,P for a dosemeter issue period up to 1 y, variations in background radiation during this period of time can significantly increase photon LLDs (up to 700 microSv) for workers operating in an environment of variable radiation background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Romanyukha
- US Naval Dosimetry Center, US Navy, Bethesda, MD 20899, USA.
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Kim J, Lee J, Pradhan A, Kim B, Kim J. Further studies on the dosimetric characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si—A high sensitivity thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). RADIAT MEAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Obryk B, Cywicka-Jakiel T, Budzanowski M, Bilski P, Hranitzky C, Olko P, Stadtmann H. Measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of the response of the RADOS personal dosemeters with MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) thermoluminescent detectors to X- and gamma-rays. RADIAT MEAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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