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Pan J, Shi Y, Zou J, Zhang X, Xin B, Zhai B, Guo D, Sun J, Luan F. Preparation technologies, structural features, and biological activities of polysaccharides from Mesona chinensis Benth.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117979. [PMID: 38412892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mesona chinensis Benth. (or Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton) is an important medicinal and edible plant also known as the Hsian-tsao in China and Southeast Asian countries. It is cold in nature and sweet in taste, with the effects of clearing heat, relieving heatstroke and diuretic, and traditionally used to treat heatstroke, erysipelas, hypertension, joint pain and other diseases in folk medicine. It is also a popular supplement with the function of detoxifying and heat-clearing use in Asia. It is used to be processed into the popular tea, Bean jelly, and so on. Published studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides from M. chinensis (MCPs) are one of the principal bioactive ingredients with a variety of health-promoting effects in the prevention and treatment of diseases, including antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, regulation of gut microbiota, and other pharmacological properties. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to compile the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities including the mechanism of action of MCPs, and to further understand the applications of M. chinensis in order to lay the foundation for the development of MCPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS By inputting the search term "Mesona chinensis polysaccharides", relevant research information was obtained from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS More than 40 polysaccharides have been extracted from M. chinensis, different extraction and purification methods have been described, as well as the structural features and pharmacological activities of MCPs have been systematically reviewed. Polysaccharides, as important components of M. chinensis, were mainly extracted by methods such as hot water dipping method, hot alkali extraction method, enzyme-assisted extraction method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, subsequently obtained by decolorization, deproteinization, removal of other small molecules and separation on various chromatographic columns. The chemical composition and structure of MCPs show diversity and have a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, regulation of gut microbiota, and so on. CONCLUSIONS This article systematically reviews the research progress of MCPs in terms of extraction and purification, structural characteristics, rheological gel properties, pharmacological properties, and safety assessment. The potentials and roles of M. chinensis in the field of medicine, functional food, and materials are further highlighted to provide references and bases for the high-value processing and utilization of MCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bao Xin
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Feau N, Herath P, Hamelin RC. DNA-Barcoding Identification of Plant Pathogens for Disease Diagnostics. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2659:37-49. [PMID: 37249883 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3159-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The accurate identification of plant pathogens is a critical step to prevent their spread and attenuate their impact. Among the wide range of methods available, DNA-barcoding, i.e., the identification of an organism through the PCR amplification and sequencing of a single locus, remains one of the most straightforward and accurate plant-pathogen identification techniques that can be used in a generic molecular biology lab. This chapter provides a detailed protocol for the isolation of genomic DNA of fungal and oomycete pathogens from fresh field samples and the amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus for DNA-barcoding purpose. Amendments to the protocol are provided to help in resolving issues related to the analysis of complicated samples and to the lack of species resolution that can be encountered with ITS barcodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Feau
- Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Padmini Herath
- Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard C Hamelin
- Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Yang EF, Karunarathna SC, Dai DQ, Stephenson SL, Elgorban AM, Al-Rejaie S, Xiong YR, Promputtha I, Samarakoon MC, Tibpromma S. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Fungi Associated with Mangifera indica from Yunnan, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1249. [PMID: 36547582 PMCID: PMC9780836 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During investigations of saprobic fungi associated with mango (Mangifera indica) in Baoshan and Honghe of Yunnan Province (China), fungal taxa belonging to the orders Botryosphaeriales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetothyriales, Diaporthales, and Xylariales were recorded. Morphological examinations coupled with phylogenetic analyses of multigene sequences (ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, β-tubulin and CAL) were used to identify the fungal taxa. A new genus viz. Mangifericola, four new species viz. Cyphellophora hongheensis, Diaporthe hongheensis, Hypoxylon hongheensis, and Mangifericola hongheensis, four new host and geographical records viz. Aplosporella artocarpi, Hypomontagnella monticulosa, Paraeutypella citricola and Pleurostoma ootheca, and two new collections of Lasiodiplodia are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Fu Yang
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Master of Science Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Dong-Qin Dai
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yin-Ru Xiong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Milan C. Samarakoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saowaluck Tibpromma
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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Riaz M, Akhtar N, Msimbira LA, Antar M, Ashraf S, Khan SN, Smith DL. Neocosmospora rubicola, a stem rot disease in potato: Characterization, distribution and management. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:953097. [PMID: 36033873 PMCID: PMC9403868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops in maintaining global food security. Plant stand and yield are affected by production technology, climate, soil type, and biotic factors such as insects and diseases. Numerous fungal diseases including Neocosmospora rubicola, causing stem rot, are known to have negative effects on potato growth and yield quality. The pathogen is known to stunt growth and cause leaf yellowing with grayish-black stems. The infectivity of N. rubicola across a number of crops indicates the need to search for appropriate management approaches. Synthetic pesticides application is a major method to mitigate almost all potato diseases at this time. However, these pesticides significantly contribute to environmental damage and continuous use leads to pesticide resistance by pathogens. Consumers interest in organic products have influenced agronomists to shift toward the use of biologicals in controlling most pathogens, including N. rubicola. This review is an initial effort to carefully examine current and alternative approaches to control N. rubicola that are both environmentally safe and ecologically sound. Therefore, this review aims to draw attention to the N. rubicola distribution and symptomatology, and sustainable management strategies for potato stem rot disease. Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) as bioformulations with synthetic fertilizers have the potential to increase the tuber yield in both healthy and N. rubicola infested soils. Phosphorus and nitrogen applications along with the PGPB can improve plants uptake efficiency and reduce infestation of pathogen leading to increased yield. Therefore, to control N. rubicola infestation, with maximum tuber yield benefits, a pre-application of the biofertilizer is shown as a better option, based on the most recent studies. With the current limited information on the disease, precise screening of the available resistant potato cultivars, developing molecular markers for resistance genes against N. rubicola will assist to reduce spread and virulence of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naureen Akhtar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mohammed Antar
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salik Nawaz Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Czwienczek E, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum aenigma, C. alienum, C. perseae, C. siamense and C. theobromicola. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07529. [PMID: 36034322 PMCID: PMC9405523 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Colletotrichum aenigma, C. alienum, C. perseae, C. siamense and C. theobromicola, five clearly defined fungi of the C. gloeosporioides complex causing anthracnose. The pathogens are widely distributed in at least three continents. C. aenigma and C. siamense are reported from Italy and C. alienum from Portugal, including the Madeira Islands, with a restricted distribution. C. perseae and C. theobromicola are not known to be present in the EU. However, there is uncertainty on the status of the pathogens worldwide and in the EU because of the taxonomic re-evaluation of the genus Colletotrichum and the lack of specific surveys. The pathogens are not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 and there are no reports of interceptions in the EU. With the exception of C. perseae, which has a very limited number of hosts, the other four Colletotrichum species have relatively wide host ranges. Therefore, this pest categorisation focused on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogens were formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Host plants for planting and fresh fruits are the main entry pathways into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in some parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogens. No yield losses have been reported so far in the EU but in non-EU areas of their current distribution, the pathogens have a direct impact on cultivated hosts that are also relevant for the EU. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of C. aenigma, C. alienum and C. siamense into the EU as well as the introduction and spread of C. perseae and C. theobromicola. C. aenigma, C. alienum, C. perseae, C. siamense and C. theobromicola satisfy the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for these species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pests.
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Rochín-Hernández LS, Rochín-Hernández LJ, Flores-Cotera LB. Endophytes, a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds to Curtail the Formation–Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144469. [PMID: 35889349 PMCID: PMC9322667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, microorganisms that live in the internal tissues and organs of the plants, are known to produce numerous bioactive compounds, including, at times, some phytochemicals of their host plant. For such reason, endophytes have been quoted as a potential source for discovering bioactive compounds, particularly, of medical interest. Currently, many non-communicable diseases are threatening global human health, noticeably: diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other ailment related to chronic inflammation and ageing. Intriguingly, the pathogenesis and development of these diseases have been linked to an excessive formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds that can alter the conformation, function, and lifetime of proteins. Therefore, compounds that prevent the formation and consequent accumulation of AGEs (AntiAGEs compounds) could be useful to delay the progress of some chronic diseases, and/or harmful effects of undue AGEs accumulation. Despite the remarkable ability of endophytes to produce bioactive compounds, most of the natural antiAGEs compounds reported in the literature are derived from plants. Accordingly, this work covers 26 plant antiAGEs compounds and some derivatives that have been reported as endophytic metabolites, and discusses the importance, possible advantages, and challenges of using endophytes as a potential source of antiAGEs compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lory Sthephany Rochín-Hernández
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Lory Jhenifer Rochín-Hernández
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Luis Bernardo Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-13499526
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7
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Bragard C, Dehnen‐Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques M, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Campese C, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06803. [PMID: 34434287 PMCID: PMC8372655 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola Prihast., a well-defined polyphagous fungus of the C. gloeosporioides complex which has been reported from all the five continents to cause anthracnose, bitter rot and leaf spotting diseases on over 90 cultivated and non-cultivated woody or herbaceous plant species. The pathogen is not included in EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Because of the very wide host range, this pest categorisation focused on Camellia sinensis, Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata, Fragaria × ananassa, Malus domestica, M. pumila, Persea americana, Prunus persica, Pyrus pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri for which there was robust evidence that C. fructicola was formally identified by morphology and multilocus gene sequencing analysis. Host plants for planting and fresh fruits are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. There are no reports of interceptions of C. fructicola in the EU. The pathogen has been reported from Italy and France. The host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in some parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogen. Economic impact on the production of the main hosts is expected if establishment occurs. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the re-introduction of the pathogen into the EU. Although the pathogen is present in the EU, there is a high uncertainty on its actual distribution in the territory because of the re-evaluation of Colletotrichum taxonomy and the lack of systematic surveys. Therefore, the Panel cannot conclude with certainty on whether C. fructicola satisfies the criterium of being present but not widely distributed in the EU to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest unless systematic surveys for C. fructicola are conducted and Colletotrichum isolates from the EU in culture collections are re-evaluated.
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Choudhary P, Singh BN, Chakdar H, Saxena AK. DNA barcoding of phytopathogens for disease diagnostics and bio-surveillance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:54. [PMID: 33604719 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA barcoding has proven to be a versatile tool for plant disease diagnostics in the genomics era. As the mass parallel and next generation sequencing techniques gained importance, the role of specific barcodes came under immense scrutiny. Identification and accurate classification of phytopathogens need a universal approach which has been the main application area of the concept of barcode. The present review entails a detailed description of the present status of barcode application in plant disease diagnostics. A case study on the application of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) as barcode for Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. sheds light on the requirement of other potential candidates as barcodes for accurate identification. The challenges faced while barcoding novel pathogens have also been discussed with a comprehensive outline of integrating more recent technologies like meta-barcoding and genome skimming for detecting plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prassan Choudhary
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Bansh Narayan Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India.
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
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