1
|
Moreira RR, Hamada NA, Peres NA, De Mio LLM. Sensitivity of the Colletotrichum acutatum Species Complex From Apple Trees in Brazil to Dithiocarbamates, Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamates, and Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicides. Plant Dis 2019; 103:2569-2576. [PMID: 31398077 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-18-1144-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot (BR) on apples are often caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in Paraná State, Brazil. GLS control is difficult because of its rapid development, with an incubation period of only 2 days under favorable conditions. Therefore, producers use successive fungicide applications every season; however, failure to control GLS has been commonly reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the sensitivity of isolates of the C. acutatum species complex obtained from apple orchards in Brazil to mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and azoxystrobin fungicides. Isolates from the different parts of the plant (leaves, flowers, buds, and twigs) and cultivars (Gala and Eva) showed different levels of sensitivity to mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and azoxystrobin. For mancozeb, the frequencies of isolates were 25% highly resistant, 50% low-resistance, and 25% sensitive. For thiophanate-methyl, the frequencies of isolates were 72.2% highly resistant, 11.1% resistant, and 16.7% moderately resistant. For azoxystrobin, the frequencies of isolates were 11.1% highly resistant, 5.6% resistant, and 83.3% sensitive. Interestingly, no mutations in the β-tubulin and cytochrome b genes were observed in any of the isolates resistant to thiophanate-methyl and azoxystrobin fungicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaele R Moreira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias (SCA-DFF), Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Natasha A Hamada
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias (SCA-DFF), Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Natalia A Peres
- University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC-UF), Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
| | - Louise L May De Mio
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias (SCA-DFF), Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is an apple disease that concerns growers due to the increases in severity over the years and the difficulties in control. Species within the Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides species complexes cause GLS, but the proportion of species within each complex in Brazilian apple orchards is not known. The objectives of this study were to identify isolates of Colletotrichum causing GLS on apple orchards in the main Brazilian producing regions to the species level. Two hundred and seven isolates were obtained in orchards in São Paulo (SP), Parana (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) states. Genomic DNA was extracted, and the ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, and TUB2 genes were amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic trees were generated using a concatenated alignment. One hundred and fourteen isolates were identified as belonging to the C. acutatum species complex (Cac) and 93 to the C. gloeosporioides species complex (Cgc). Five phylogenetic species were identified: C. melonis (1.9%), C. nymphaeae (47.4%), C. paranaense (2.4%), C. limetticola (3.4%), and C. fructicola (44.9%). In SC, Cgc predominates, but in the states of SP, PR, and RS, Cac was predominant. This is the first report of C. limetticola from apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaele R Moreira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias (SCA-DFF), Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Natalia A Peres
- University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC-UF), Wimauma, FL 33598
| | - Louise L May De Mio
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias (SCA-DFF), Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Munir M, Amsden B, Dixon E, Vaillancourt L, Gauthier NAW. Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Bitter Rot of Apple in Kentucky Orchards. Plant Dis 2016; 100:2194-2203. [PMID: 30682908 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1144-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple species of Colletotrichum can cause bitter rot disease of apple, but the identities and relative representation of the species causing the disease in Kentucky are unknown. In total, 475 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from diseased apple fruit in 25 counties and characterized both morphologically and by using various molecular approaches. Multigene sequence analyses revealed that sample isolates belonged to several newly erected species within the Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides species complexes. The isolates were identified as C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae, which reside within the C. acutatum species complex, and C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. fructicola, which are placed within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. C. fioriniae was the most common species causing bitter rot in Kentucky, comprising more than 70% of the isolates. Infectivity tests on detached fruit showed that C. gloeosporioides species-complex isolates were more aggressive than isolates in the C. acutatum species complex. However, isolates within the C. acutatum species complex produced more spores on lesions compared with isolates within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Aggressiveness varied among individual species within a species complex. C. siamense was the most aggressive species identified in this study. Within the C. acutatum species complex, C. fioriniae was more aggressive than C. nymphaeae, causing larger, deeper lesions. Apple cultivar did not have a significant effect on lesion development. However, Colletotrichum spp. produced more spores on 'Red Stayman Winesap' than on 'Golden Delicious'. Fungicide sensitivity tests revealed that the C. acutatum species complex was more tolerant to thiophanate-methyl, myclobutanil, trifloxystrobin, and captan compared with the C. gloeosporioides species complex. The study also revealed that mycelial growth of C. siamense was more sensitive to tested fungicides compared with C. fructicola and C. theobromicola. These research findings emphasize the importance of accurate identification of Colletotrichum spp. within each species complex, because they exhibit differences in pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| | - B Amsden
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| | - E Dixon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| | - L Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| | - N A Ward Gauthier
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bragança CAD, Damm U, Baroncelli R, Massola Júnior NS, Crous PW. Species of the Colletotrichum acutatum complex associated with anthracnose diseases of fruit in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:547-561. [PMID: 27020156 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although Colletotrichum acutatum was recently investigated and shown to be a species complex comprising about 30 species, the name is still used in its broad sense for anthracnose pathogens of fruits in Brazil. In this study, a multilocus molecular analysis was carried out based on a dataset of ITS, HIS3, GAPDH, CHS-1, TUB2 and ACT sequences of Colletotrichum strains belonging to the C. acutatum species complex from fruits collected in different regions in Brazil combined with sequences of ex-type and other reference strains of species belonging to this complex. The strains were revealed to belong to Colletotrichum nymphaeae, Colletotrichum melonis, Colletotrichum abscissum and one new species, namely Colletotrichum paranaense, from apple and peach. Morphological descriptions of the new species and a strain closely related to but diverging from C. melonis are provided. From the data presently available, the most common species on apple fruits in Brazil is C. nymphaeae. In a pathogenicity test, strains of all four species caused lesions on detached apple, peach and guava fruits, except for strain CBS 134730 that did not infect guava fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A D Bragança
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 710, CEP 44380-000, Cruz das Almas-BA, Brazil.
| | - Ulrike Damm
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Görlitz PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
| | - Nelson S Massola Júnior
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 09, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Velho AC, Alaniz S, Casanova L, Mondino P, Stadnik MJ. New insights into the characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with apple diseases in southern Brazil and Uruguay. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:229-44. [PMID: 25813510 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are associated with Apple bitter rot (ABR) and Glomerella leaf spot (GLS). Whereas both apple diseases occur frequently in Brazil, only the former has been reported in Uruguay. This work was aimed at identifying and comparing morpho-cultural characteristics and pathogenic variability of thirty-nine Colletotrichum isolates from both countries. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-tubulin (TUB2) allowed the identification of three species causing ABR and GLS in Brazil, i.e., Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum karstii, and Colletotrichum nymphaeae; and three species causing ABR in Uruguay, i.e., C. fructicola, Colletotrichum theobromicola, and Colletotrichum melonis. Six groups of colony colours were recorded with group 1 (mycelium white to pink and in reverse pinkish) and group 2 (mycelium white to grey and in reverse pinkish) the most frequent. Isolates of C. fructicola and C. theobromicola were sensitive to benomyl, while C. karstii, C. nymphaeae, and C. melonis were resistant. Conidia were predominantly cylindrical for C. fructicola and C. karstii, fusiform for C. nymphaeae and C. melonis, and obclavate for C. theobromicola. Brazilian isolates caused ABR in wounded fruits, but only five in non-wounded ones. Uruguayan isolates produced symptoms in fruits with or without previous wounding. All Brazilian isolates from GLS and twelve from ABR were able to cause GLS symptoms, while a sole Uruguayan ABR-isolate caused leaf spot symptoms. This study gives a better insight on the new species causing apple disease in both countries and discusses their pathogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Velho
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sandra Alaniz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Casanova
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Mondino
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marciel J Stadnik
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|