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Deery HA, Di Paolo R, Moran C, Egan GF, Jamadar SD. Lower brain glucose metabolism in normal ageing is predominantly frontal and temporal: A systematic review and pooled effect size and activation likelihood estimates meta-analyses. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:1251-1277. [PMID: 36269148 PMCID: PMC9875940 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in ageing. We undertook a systematic literature review followed by pooled effect size and activation likelihood estimates (ALE) meta-analyses. Studies were retrieved from PubMed following the PRISMA guidelines. After reviewing 635 records, 21 studies with 22 independent samples (n = 911 participants) were included in the pooled effect size analyses. Eight studies with eleven separate samples (n = 713 participants) were included in the ALE analyses. Pooled effect sizes showed significantly lower cerebral metabolic rates of glucose for older versus younger adults for the whole brain, as well as for the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Among the sub-cortical structures, the caudate showed a lower metabolic rate among older adults. In sub-group analyses controlling for changes in brain volume or partial volume effects, the lower glucose metabolism among older adults in the frontal lobe remained significant, whereas confidence intervals crossed zero for the other lobes and structures. The ALE identified nine clusters of lower glucose metabolism among older adults, ranging from 200 to 2640 mm3 . The two largest clusters were in the left and right inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri and the insula. Clusters were also found in the inferior temporal junction, the anterior cingulate and caudate. Taken together, the results are consistent with research showing less efficient glucose metabolism in the ageing brain. The findings are discussed in the context of theories of cognitive ageing and are compared to those found in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A. Deery
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Robert Di Paolo
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Chris Moran
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityFrankstonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Geriatric MedicinePeninsula HealthFrankstonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gary F. Egan
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain FunctionMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sharna D. Jamadar
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain FunctionMelbourneAustralia
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2
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García Vicente A, Tello Galán M, Pena Pardo F, Amo-Salas M, Mondejar Marín B, Navarro Muñoz S, Rueda Medina I, Poblete García V, Marsal Alonso C, Soriano Castrejón Á. Aumento de la confianza en la interpretación del PET con 18F-Florbetaben: “machine learning” basado en la aproximación cuantitativa. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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García Vicente AM, Tello Galán MJ, Pena Pardo FJ, Amo-Salas M, Mondejar Marín B, Navarro Muñoz S, Rueda Medina I, Poblete García VM, Marsal Alonso C, Soriano Castrejón Á. Increasing the confidence of 18F-Florbetaben PET interpretations: Machine learning quantitative approximation. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2021; 41:153-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Pilli VK, Jeong JW, Konka P, Kumar A, Chugani HT, Juhász C. Objective PET study of glucose metabolism asymmetries in children with epilepsy: Implications for normal brain development. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:53-64. [PMID: 30136325 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical interpretation of cerebral positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG-PET) images often relies on evaluation of regional asymmetries. This study was designed to establish age-related variations in regional cortical glucose metabolism asymmetries in the developing human brain. FDG-PET scans of 58 children (age: 1-18 years) were selected from a large single-center pediatric PET database. All children had a history of epilepsy, normal MRI, and normal pattern of glucose metabolism on visual evaluation. PET images were analyzed objectively by statistical parametric mapping with the use of age-specific FDG-PET templates. Regional FDG uptake was measured in 35 cortical regions in both hemispheres using an automated anatomical labeling atlas, and left/right ratios were correlated with age, gender, and epilepsy variables. Cortical glucose metabolism was mostly symmetric in young children and became increasingly asymmetric in older subjects. Specifically, several frontal cortical regions showed an age-related increase of left > right asymmetries (mean: up to 10%), while right > left asymmetries emerged in posterior cortex (including portions of the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobe) in older children (up to 9%). Similar trends were seen in a subgroup of 39 children with known right-handedness. Age-related correlations of regional metabolic asymmetries showed no robust gender differences and were not affected by epilepsy variables. These data demonstrate a region-specific emergence of cortical metabolic asymmetries between age 1-18 years, with left > right asymmetry in frontal and right > left asymmetry in posterior regions. The findings can facilitate correct interpretation of cortical regional asymmetries on pediatric FDG-PET images across a wide age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Pilli
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Praneetha Konka
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ajay Kumar
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Harry T Chugani
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Csaba Juhász
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
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Rahman S, Archana A, Jan AT, Minakshi R. Dissecting Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response (UPR ER) in Managing Clandestine Modus Operandi of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:30. [PMID: 29467648 PMCID: PMC5808164 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is most common cause of dementia witnessed among aged people. The pathophysiology of AD develops as a consequence of neurofibrillary tangle formation which consists of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated tau protein and senile plaques of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in specific brain regions that result in synaptic loss and neuronal death. The feeble buffering capacity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis in AD is evident through alteration in unfolded protein response (UPR), where UPR markers express invariably in AD patient's brain samples. Aging weakens UPRER causing neuropathology and memory loss in AD. This review highlights molecular signatures of UPRER and its key molecular alliance that are affected in aging leading to the development of intriguing neuropathologies in AD. We present a summary of recent studies reporting usage of small molecules as inhibitors or activators of UPRER sensors/effectors in AD that showcase avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ayyagari Archana
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rinki Minakshi
- Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Nday CM, Eleftheriadou D, Jackson G. Shared pathological pathways of Alzheimer's disease with specific comorbidities: current perspectives and interventions. J Neurochem 2018; 144:360-389. [PMID: 29164610 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to one of the most multifactorial, complex and heterogeneous morbidity-leading disorders. Despite the extensive research in the field, AD pathogenesis is still at some extend obscure. Mechanisms linking AD with certain comorbidities, namely diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, are increasingly gaining importance, mainly because of their potential role in promoting AD development and exacerbation. Their exact cognitive impairment trajectories, however, remain to be fully elucidated. The current review aims to offer a clear and comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art approaches focused on generating in-depth knowledge regarding the overlapping pathology of AD and its concomitant ailments. Thorough understanding of associated alterations on a number of molecular, metabolic and hormonal pathways, will contribute to the further development of novel and integrated theranostics, as well as targeted interventions that may be beneficial for individuals with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Nday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Eleftheriadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Graham Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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Park JH, Kim CS, Won KS, Oh JS, Kim JS, Kim HW. Asymmetry of cerebral glucose metabolism in very low-birth-weight infants without structural abnormalities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186976. [PMID: 29095842 PMCID: PMC5667759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Even when structural abnormalities are not observed on the brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, such infants are at increased risk for poor neurodevelopment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cerebral glucose metabolism in VLBW infants without apparent structural abnormalities on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Won
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsu S. Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Nam HY, Jun S, Pak K, Kim IJ. Concurrent Low Brain and High Liver Uptake on FDG PET Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Korean J Radiol 2017; 18:392-401. [PMID: 28246520 PMCID: PMC5313528 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2017.18.2.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Concurrent low brain and high liver uptake are sometimes observed on fluorine-18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). We investigated the potential clinical significance of this uptake pattern related to metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 264 consecutive males who had undergone general health check-ups, including FDG PET/CT scans. After an overnight fast, the men had their peripheral blood drawn and the levels of various laboratory parameters measured; an FDG PET/CT scan was performed on the same day. We measured the maximum standardized uptake values of the brain and liver from regions of interest manually placed over the frontal cortex at the level of the centrum semiovale and the right lobe of the liver parenchyma, respectively. Results Fasting blood glucose (FBG; odds ratio [OR] = 1.063, p < 0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; OR = 3.634, p = 0.010) were the strongest predictive factors for low brain FDG uptake, whereas waist circumference (OR = 1.200, p < 0.001) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (OR = 1.012, p = 0.001) were the strongest predictive factors for high liver uptake. Eleven subjects (4.2%) showed concurrent low brain and high liver FDG uptake, and all but one of these subjects (90.9%) had MS. Systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, FBG, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, insulin resistance (measured by homeostasis model assessment), insulin, HbA1c, and body mass index were higher in subjects with this FDG uptake pattern than in those without (all, p < 0.001). Conclusion Concurrent low brain and high liver FDG uptake were closely associated with MS. Moreover, subjects with this pattern had higher values for various cardiovascular risk factors than did those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yeol Nam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Korea
| | - Sungmin Jun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
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Abstract
Brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET allows the in vivo study of cerebral glucose metabolism, reflecting neuronal and synaptic activity. 18F-FDG-PET has been extensively used to detect metabolic alterations in several neurologic diseases compared with normal aging. However, healthy subjects have variants of 18F-FDG distribution, especially as associated with aging. This article focuses on 18F-FDG-PET findings in so-called normal brain aging, and in particular on metabolic differences occurring with aging and as a function of people’s gender. The effect of different substances, medications, and therapy procedures are discussed, as well as common artifacts.
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Sakurai R, Fujiwara Y, Yasunaga M, Takeuchi R, Murayama Y, Ohba H, Sakuma N, Suzuki H, Oda K, Sakata M, Toyohara J, Ishiwata K, Shinkai S, Ishii K. Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Gait Speed in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1519-27. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Knopman DS, Jack CR, Wiste HJ, Lundt ES, Weigand SD, Vemuri P, Lowe VJ, Kantarci K, Gunter JL, Senjem ML, Mielke MM, Roberts RO, Boeve BF, Petersen RC. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, aging, and apolipoprotein E genotype in cognitively normal persons. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2096-106. [PMID: 24702820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to examine associations between glucose metabolism, as measured by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), and age and to evaluate the impact of carriage of an apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele on glucose metabolism and on the associations between glucose metabolism and age. We studied 806 cognitively normal (CN) and 70 amyloid-imaging-positive cognitively impaired participants (35 with mild cognitive impairment and 35 with Alzheimer's disease [AD] dementia) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and an ancillary study who had undergone structural MRI, FDG PET, and (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET. Using partial volume corrected and uncorrected FDG PET glucose uptake ratios, we evaluated associations of regional FDG ratios with age and carriage of an APOE ε4 allele in CN participants between the ages of 30 and 95 years, and compared those findings with the cognitively impaired participants. In region-of-interest (ROI) analyses, we found modest but statistically significant declines in FDG ratio in most cortical and subcortical regions as a function of age. We also found a main effect of APOE ε4 genotype on FDG ratio, with greater uptake in ε4 noncarriers compared with carriers but only in the posterior cingulate and/or precuneus, lateral parietal, and AD-signature meta-ROI. The latter consisted of voxels from posterior cingulate and/or precuneus, lateral parietal, and inferior temporal. In age- and sex-matched CN participants the magnitude of the difference in partial volume corrected FDG ratio in the AD-signature meta-ROI for APOE ε4 carriers compared with noncarriers was about 4 times smaller than the magnitude of the difference between age- and sex-matched elderly APOE ε4 carrier CN compared with AD dementia participants. In an analysis in participants older than 70 years (31.3% of whom had elevated PiB), there was no interaction between PiB status and APOE ε4 genotype with respect to glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolism declines with age in many brain regions. Carriage of an APOE ε4 allele was associated with reductions in FDG ratio in the posterior cingulate and/or precuneus, lateral parietal, and AD-signature ROIs, and there was no interaction between age and APOE ε4 status. The posterior cingulate and/or precuneus and lateral parietal regions have a unique vulnerability to reductions in glucose metabolic rate as a function both of age and carriage of an APOE ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heather J Wiste
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily S Lundt
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rosebud O Roberts
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yoshizawa H, Gazes Y, Stern Y, Miyata Y, Uchiyama S. Characterizing the normative profile of 18F-FDG PET brain imaging: sex difference, aging effect, and cognitive reserve. Psychiatry Res 2014; 221:78-85. [PMID: 24262800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate findings of positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET) in normal subjects to clarify the effects of sex differences, aging, and cognitive reserve on cerebral glucose metabolism. Participants comprised 123 normal adults who underwent 18F-FDG PET and a neuropsychological battery. We used statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) to investigate sex differences, and aging effects. The effects of cognitive reserve on 18F-FDG uptake were investigated using years of education as a proxy. Finally, we studied the effect of cognitive reserve on the recruitment of glucose metabolism in a memory task by dichotomizing the data according to educational level. Our results showed that the overall cerebral glucose metabolism in females was higher than that in males, whereas male participants had higher glucose metabolism in the bilateral inferior temporal gyri and cerebellum than females. Age-related hypometabolism was found in anterior regions, including the anterior cingulate gyrus. These areas are part of the attentional system, which may decline with aging even in healthy elderly individuals. Highly educated subjects revealed focal hypermetabolism in the right hemisphere and lower recruitment of glucose metabolism in memory tasks. This phenomenon is likely a candidate for a neural substrate of cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshizawa
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoko Miyata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Uchiyama
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Choi IY, Lee P, Wang WT, Hui D, Wang X, Brooks WM, Michaelis EK. Metabolism changes during aging in the hippocampus and striatum of glud1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) transgenic mice. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:446-55. [PMID: 24442550 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The decline in neuronal function during aging may result from increases in extracellular glutamate (Glu), Glu-induced neurotoxicity, and altered mitochondrial metabolism. To study metabolic responses to persistently high levels of Glu at synapses during aging, we used transgenic (Tg) mice that over-express the enzyme Glu dehydrogenase (GDH) in brain neurons and release excess Glu in synapses. Mitochondrial GDH is important in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism and in anaplerotic reactions. We monitored changes in nineteen neurochemicals in the hippocampus and striatum of adult, middle aged, and aged Tg and wild type (wt) mice, in vivo, using proton ((1)H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Significant differences between adult Tg and wt were higher Glu, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), and NAA + NAA-Glu (NAAG) levels, and lower lactate in the Tg hippocampus and striatum than those of wt. During aging, consistent changes in Tg and wt hippocampus and striatum included increases in myo-inositol and NAAG. The levels of glutamine (Gln), a key neurochemical in the Gln-Glu cycle between neurons and astroglia, increased during aging in both the striatum and hippocampus of Tg mice, but only in the striatum of the wt mice. Age-related increases of Glu were observed only in the striatum of the Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Stanescu L, Ishak GE, Khanna PC, Biyyam DR, Shaw DW, Parisi MT. FDG PET of the Brain in Pediatric Patients: Imaging Spectrum with MR Imaging Correlation. Radiographics 2013; 33:1279-303. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.335125152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Sung YH, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Shi XF, Kondo DG, Lundberg KJ, McGlade EC, Hellem TL, Huber RS, Fiedler KK, Harrell RE, Nickerson BR, Kim SE, Jeong EK, Renshaw PF. Decreased frontal lobe phosphocreatine levels in methamphetamine users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 129:102-9. [PMID: 23084413 PMCID: PMC3572261 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria-related mechanisms have been suggested to mediate methamphetamine (METH) toxicity. However, changes in brain energetics associated with high-energy phosphate metabolism have not been investigated in METH users. Phosphorus-31 ((31)P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to evaluate changes in mitochondrial high energy phosphates, including phosphocreatine (PCr) and β-nucleoside triphosphate (β-NTP, primarily ATP in brain) levels. We hypothesized that METH users would have decreased high-energy PCr levels in the frontal gray matter. METHODS Study participants consisted of 51 METH (age=32.8±6.7) and 23 healthy comparison (age=31.1±7.5) subjects. High-energy phosphate metabolite levels were compared between the groups and potential gender differences were explored. RESULTS METH users had lower ratios of PCr to total pool of exchangeable phosphate (PCr/TPP) in the frontal lobe as compared to the healthy subjects (p=.001). The lower PCr levels in METH subjects were significantly associated with lifetime amount of METH use (p=.003). A sub-analysis for gender differences revealed that female METH users, who had lower daily amounts (1.1±1.0g) of METH use than males (1.4±1.7g), had significantly lower PCr/TPP ratios than male METH users, controlling for the amount of METH use (p=.02). CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that METH compromises frontal lobe high-energy phosphate metabolism in a dose-responsive manner. Our findings also suggest that the abnormality in frontal lobe high-energy phosphate metabolism might be more prominent in female than in male METH users. This is significant as decreased PCr levels have been associated with depressive symptoms, and poor responses to antidepressant treatment have been reported in those with decreased PCr levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xian-Feng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Douglas G. Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kelly J. Lundberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin C. McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tracy L. Hellem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Renee E. Harrell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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16
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Abstract
The occurrence of altered brain glucose metabolism has long been suggested in both diabetes and Alzheimer’s diseases. However, the preceding mechanism to altered glucose metabolism has not been well understood. Glucose enters the brain via glucose transporters primarily present at the blood-brain barrier. Any changes in glucose transporter function and expression dramatically affects brain glucose homeostasis and function. In the brains of both diabetic and Alzheimer’s disease patients, changes in glucose transporter function and expression have been observed, but a possible link between the altered glucose transporter function and disease progress is missing. Future recognition of the role of new glucose transporter isoforms in the brain may provide a better understanding of brain glucose metabolism in normal and disease states. Elucidation of clinical pathological mechanisms related to glucose transport and metabolism may provide common links to the etiology of these two diseases. Considering these facts, in this review we provide a current understanding of the vital roles of a variety of glucose transporters in the normal, diabetic and Alzheimer’s disease brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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17
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Liu F, Shi J, Tanimukai H, Gu J, Gu J, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX. Reduced O-GlcNAcylation links lower brain glucose metabolism and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2009; 132:1820-32. [PMID: 19451179 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established for a long time that brain glucose metabolism is impaired in Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that impaired brain glucose metabolism precedes the appearance of clinical symptoms, implying its active role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanism by which this impairment contributes to the disease is not known. In this study, we demonstrated that protein O-GlcNAcylation, a common post-translational modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins with beta-N-acetyl-glucosamine and a process regulated by glucose metabolism, was markedly decreased in Alzheimer's disease cerebrum. More importantly, the decrease in O-GlcNAc correlated negatively with phosphorylation at most phosphorylation sites of tau protein, which is known to play a crucial role in the neurofibrillary degeneration of Alzheimer's disease. We also found that hyperphosphorylated tau contained 4-fold less O-GlcNAc than non-hyperphosphorylated tau, demonstrating for the first time an inverse relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of tau in the human brain. Downregulation of O-GlcNAcylation by knockdown of O-GlcNAc transferase with small hairpin RNA led to increased phosphorylation of tau in HEK-293 cells. Inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in rat brain resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation and increased phosphorylation of tau, which resembled changes of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of tau in rodent brains with decreased glucose metabolism induced by fasting, but not those in rat brains when protein phosphatase 2A was inhibited. Comparison of tau phosphorylation patterns under various conditions suggests that abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease brain may result from downregulation of both O-GlcNAcylation and protein phosphatase 2A. These findings suggest that impaired brain glucose metabolism leads to abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and neurofibrillary degeneration via downregulation of tau O-GlcNAcylation in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, restoration of brain tau O-GlcNAcylation and protein phosphatase 2A activity may offer promising therapeutic targets for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
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18
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Fujimoto T, Matsumoto T, Fujita S, Takeuchi K, Nakamura K, Mitsuyama Y, Kato N. Changes in glucose metabolism due to aging and gender-related differences in the healthy human brain. Psychiatry Res 2008; 164:58-72. [PMID: 18804967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using [(18)F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose-PET, we studied relative metabolic changes due to age- and gender-related differences in the brain of 126 healthy subjects from their twenties to seventies. We used a data-extraction technique, the three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections (3D-SSP) method, to measure metabolic changes with fewer effects of regional anatomic variances. Simple regression analysis revealed significant age-related increases in relative metabolic values in the parahippocampal and amygdala regions in both sexes in their twenties to forties, and significant age-related decreases in both sexes in their fifties to seventies. Relative values in the frontal lobe showed significant age-related decreases in both sexes in their twenties to forties, but these effects were not seen in subjects in their fifties to seventies. Significant gender differences in correlation coefficients of relative values with age were shown in the parahippocampal, primary sensorimotor, temporal, thalamus and vermis regions in subjects in their 20s to 40s, but disappeared in subjects in their twenties to forties, but were not apparent in subjects in their fifties to seventies except in the vermis. Males in their twenties to sixties and females in their fifties showed significant laterality in relative values in the temporal lobes. Our study demonstrated age- and gender-related differences in glucose metabolism in healthy subjects.
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Liang WS, Dunckley T, Beach TG, Grover A, Mastroeni D, Ramsey K, Caselli RJ, Kukull WA, McKeel D, Morris JC, Hulette CM, Schmechel D, Reiman EM, Rogers J, Stephan DA. Neuronal gene expression in non-demented individuals with intermediate Alzheimer's Disease neuropathology. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 31:549-66. [PMID: 18572275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While the clinical and neuropathological characterization of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is well defined, our understanding of the progression of pathologic mechanisms in AD remains unclear. Post-mortem brains from individuals who did not fulfill clinical criteria for AD may still demonstrate measurable levels of AD pathologies to suggest that they may have presented with clinical symptoms had they lived longer or are able to stave off disease progression. Comparison between such individuals and those clinically diagnosed and pathologically confirmed to have AD will be key in delineating AD pathogenesis and neuroprotection. In this study, we expression profiled laser capture microdissected non-tangle bearing neurons in 6 post-mortem brain regions that are differentially affected in the AD brain from 10 non-demented individuals demonstrating intermediate AD neuropathologies (NDAD; Braak stage of II through IV and CERAD rating of moderate to frequent) and evaluated this data against that from individuals who have been diagnosed with late onset AD as well as healthy elderly controls. We identified common statistically significant expression changes in both NDAD and AD brains that may establish a degenerative link between the two cohorts, in addition to NDAD specific transcriptomic changes. These findings pinpoint novel targets for developing earlier diagnostics and preventative therapies for AD prior to diagnosis of probable AD. We also provide this high-quality, low post-mortem interval (PMI), cell-specific, and region-specific NDAD/AD reference data set to the community as a public resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie S Liang
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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20
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Liang WS, Reiman EM, Valla J, Dunckley T, Beach TG, Grover A, Niedzielko TL, Schneider LE, Mastroeni D, Caselli R, Kukull W, Morris JC, Hulette CM, Schmechel D, Rogers J, Stephan DA. Alzheimer's disease is associated with reduced expression of energy metabolism genes in posterior cingulate neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:4441-6. [PMID: 18332434 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0709259105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with regional reductions in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) measurements of the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, which may begin long before the onset of histopathological or clinical features, especially in carriers of a common AD susceptibility gene. Molecular evaluation of cells from metabolically affected brain regions could provide new information about the pathogenesis of AD and new targets at which to aim disease-slowing and prevention therapies. Data from a genome-wide transcriptomic study were used to compare the expression of 80 metabolically relevant nuclear genes from laser-capture microdissected non-tangle-bearing neurons from autopsy brains of AD cases and normal controls in posterior cingulate cortex, which is metabolically affected in the earliest stages; other brain regions metabolically affected in PET studies of AD or normal aging; and visual cortex, which is relatively spared. Compared with controls, AD cases had significantly lower expression of 70% of the nuclear genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in posterior cingulate cortex, 65% of those in the middle temporal gyrus, 61% of those in hippocampal CA1, 23% of those in entorhinal cortex, 16% of those in visual cortex, and 5% of those in the superior frontal gyrus. Western blots confirmed underexpression of those complex I-V subunits assessed at the protein level. Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose abnormalities in FDG PET studies of AD may be associated with reduced neuronal expression of nuclear genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
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21
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Liang WS, Dunckley T, Beach TG, Grover A, Mastroeni D, Ramsey K, Caselli RJ, Kukull WA, McKeel D, Morris JC, Hulette CM, Schmechel D, Reiman EM, Rogers J, Stephan DA. Altered neuronal gene expression in brain regions differentially affected by Alzheimer's disease: a reference data set. Physiol Genomics 2008; 33:240-56. [PMID: 18270320 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00242.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most widespread form of dementia during the later stages of life. If improved therapeutics are not developed, the prevalence of AD will drastically increase in the coming years as the world's population ages. By identifying differences in neuronal gene expression profiles between healthy elderly persons and individuals diagnosed with AD, we may be able to better understand the molecular mechanisms that drive AD pathogenesis, including the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In this study, we expression profiled histopathologically normal cortical neurons collected with laser capture microdissection (LCM) from six anatomically and functionally discrete postmortem brain regions in 34 AD-afflicted individuals, using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. These regions include the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, and primary visual cortex. This study is predicated on previous parallel research on the postmortem brains of the same six regions in 14 healthy elderly individuals, for which LCM neurons were similarly processed for expression analysis. We identified significant regional differential expression in AD brains compared with control brains including expression changes of genes previously implicated in AD pathogenesis, particularly with regard to tangle and plaque formation. Pinpointing the expression of factors that may play a role in AD pathogenesis provides a foundation for future identification of new targets for improved AD therapeutics. We provide this carefully phenotyped, laser capture microdissected intraindividual brain region expression data set to the community as a public resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie S Liang
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
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22
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Konarski JZ, Kennedy SH, McIntyre RS, Rafi-Tari S, Soczynska JK, Mayberg HS. Relationship between regional brain metabolism, illness severity and age in depressed subjects. Psychiatry Res 2007; 155:203-10. [PMID: 17574393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We sought to examine the effects of age, depression chronicity, and treatment responsiveness on glucose metabolism in a large well-characterized sample of depressed men and a psychiatrically unaffected control group. The subjects were unmedicated, symptomatic, right-handed males (n=66) who met DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive episode in the context of a major depressive disorder (MDD, n=66) and never depressed, right-handed, healthy control subjects (HC, n=24). Subjects in the MDD group were subsequently classified as responders, or non-responders to a six-week trial of paroxetine monotherapy (20-60 mg). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to analyze the relationship between age and cerebral glucose metabolism (18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) and the modulation by treatment responsivity and a history of prior depressive episodes. Metabolic activity in the rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex showed a significant negative correlation with age in MDD, but not in HC. Non-response to treatment and previous depressive episodes were associated with a higher degree of age-dependent hypometabolism in the rostral and anterior cingulate cortex. The age-dependent changes documented herein may influence the distinct clinical presentation and treatment response described in older-age depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Z Konarski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Yanase D, Matsunari I, Yajima K, Chen W, Fujikawa A, Nishimura S, Matsuda H, Yamada M. Brain FDG PET study of normal aging in Japanese: effect of atrophy correction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005; 32:794-805. [PMID: 15759148 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-005-1767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of atrophy correction on the results of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) in the context of normal aging. METHODS Before the human study was performed, a Hoffman 3D brain phantom experiment was carried out in order to validate a newly developed correction method for partial volume effects (PVEs). Brain FDG PET was then performed in 139 healthy Japanese volunteers (71 men, 68 women; age 24-81 years). PET images were corrected for PVEs using grey matter volume, which was segmented from co-registered magnetic resonance images and convoluted with the spatial resolution of the PET scanner. We investigated the correlation between advancing age and relative regional FDG activity, which was normalised to the global activity before and after PVE correction using Statistical Parametric Mapping 99. RESULTS The PET image, when corrected for PVEs, provided more homogeneous tracer distribution in the whole phantom than in the original PET image. The human PET study of both sexes revealed significant negative correlations between age and relative FDG activity in the bilateral perisylvian and medial frontal areas before PVE correction. However, these negative correlations were largely resolved after PVE correction. CONCLUSION Correction for PVEs was effective in our FDG PET study. The reduction in FDG uptake with advancing age that was detected by FDG PET without PVE correction could be accounted for largely by an age-related cerebral volume loss in the bilateral perisylvian and medial frontal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yanase
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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