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Truderung OAH, Sagi JC, Semsei AF, Szalai C. Melanoma susceptibility: an update on genetic and epigenetic findings. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2021; 12:71-89. [PMID: 34853632 PMCID: PMC8611230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most highly ranked cancers in terms of years of life lost. Hereditary melanoma with its increased familial susceptibility is thought to affect up to 12% of all melanoma patients. In the past, only a few high-penetrance genes associated with familial melanoma, such as CDKN2A and CDK4, have been clinically tested. However, findings now indicate that melanoma is a cancer most likely to develop not only due to high-penetrance variants but also due to polygenic inheritance patterns, leaving no clear division between the hereditary and sporadic development of malignant melanoma. Various pathogenic low-penetrance variants were recently discovered through genome-wide association studies, and are now translated into polygenic risk scores. These can show superior sensitivity rates for the prediction of melanoma susceptibility and related mixed cancer syndromes than risk scores based on phenotypic traits of the patients, with odds ratios of up to 5.7 for patients in risk groups. In addition to describing genetic findings, we also review the first results of epigenetic research showing constitutional methylation changes that alter the susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma and its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole AH Truderung
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis UniversityH-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit C Sagi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis UniversityH-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes F Semsei
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis UniversityH-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szalai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis UniversityH-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Heim Pal Children’s HospitalH-1089 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Dolci M, Favero C, Toumi W, Favi E, Tarantini L, Signorini L, Basile G, Bollati V, D'Alessandro S, Bagnoli P, Ferrante P, Delbue S. Human Endogenous Retroviruses Long Terminal Repeat Methylation, Transcription, and Protein Expression in Human Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:569015. [PMID: 33194657 PMCID: PMC7653092 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.569015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in both incidence and mortality in developed countries. Infectious agents are among the risk factors for colon cancer. Variations in human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) transcript and protein levels are associated with several types of cancers, but few studies address HERV expression in colon cancer. Fifty-eight patients with advanced-stage colon cancer were enrolled in this study. HERV-H, -K (HML-2), -P LTRs, Alu, and LINE-1 methylation levels and transcription of HERV-H, -K (HML-2), and -P env and HERV-K pol genes in normal adjacent and tumor tissues were investigated by pyrosequencing and RT-qPCR, respectively. Expression of the HERV-K (HML-2) Pol and Env proteins in selected tissues was examined by Western blotting. Associations between HERV transcript expression and methylation levels and between clinical characteristics and HERV expression were evaluated. Compared to adjacent normal tissues, LINE-1 was hypomethylated in tumor tissues (p < 0.05), whereas Alu, HERV-K (HML-2), and -H LTRs showed a decreasing trend in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue, though without a significant difference. The transcription levels of HERV env and pol genes were similar. However, the HERV-K (HML-2) Pol protein was more highly expressed (p < 0.01) in surrounding normal tissues, but the HERV-K (HML-2) Env protein was only expressed in tumor tissues. Although HERV LTR methylation and gene expression did not show significant differences between tumor and normal tissues, HERV protein expression differed greatly. Pol protein expression in normal cells may induce reverse transcription and subsequent integration into the host genome, likely favoring cell transformation; in contrast, the Env protein in tumor tissue may contribute to cancer progression through cell-to-cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Wafa Toumi
- Laboratory Services, Viral and Molecular Tumor Diagnostics Unit, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Evaldo Favi
- Renal Transplantation, Fondazione Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Signorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basile
- Orthopedic Department, San Siro Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah D'Alessandro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Bagnoli
- Surgical Department, Istituto Clinico Città Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wielsøe M, Tarantini L, Bollati V, Long M, Bonefeld‐Jørgensen EC. DNA methylation level in blood and relations to breast cancer, risk factors and environmental exposure in Greenlandic Inuit women. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:338-350. [PMID: 32352194 PMCID: PMC7540549 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have found aberrant DNA methylation levels in breast cancer cases, but factors influencing DNA methylation patterns and the mechanisms are not well understood. This case-control study evaluated blood methylation level of two repetitive elements and selected breast cancer-related genes in relation to breast cancer risk, and the associations with serum level of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and breast cancer risk factors in Greenlandic Inuit. DNA methylation was determined using bisulphite pyrosequencing in blood from 74 breast cancer cases and 80 controls. Using first tertile as reference, the following was observed. Positive associations for ATM in second tertile (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.04; 5.23) and ESR2 in third tertile (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 0.97; 5.05) suggest an increased breast cancer risk with high DNA methylation. LINE-1 methylation was lower in cases than controls. In third tertile (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18; 0.98), associations suggest in accordance with the literature an increased risk of breast cancer with LINE-1 hypomethylation. Among controls, significant associations between methylation levels and serum level of POPs and breast cancer risk factors (age, body mass index, cotinine level) were found. Thus, breast cancer risk factors and POPs may alter the risk through changes in methylation levels; further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wielsøe
- Department of Public HealthCentre for Arctic Health & Molecular EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- EPIGET – Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET – Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Manhai Long
- Department of Public HealthCentre for Arctic Health & Molecular EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld‐Jørgensen
- Department of Public HealthCentre for Arctic Health & Molecular EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Greenland Center for Health ResearchUniversity of GreenlandNuukGreenland
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Khan AQ, Ahmad F, Raza SS, Zarif L, Siveen KS, Sher G, Agha MV, Rashid K, Kulinski M, Buddenkotte J, Uddin S, Steinhoff M. Role of non-coding RNAs in the progression and resistance of cutaneous malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:208-226. [PMID: 32717336 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between Alu methylation and risk of cancer remains uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed and Web of Science up to December 31, 2018, and the reference lists of studies, as well as those presented in relevant meta-analyses and reviews were systematically searched. Standardized mean difference (SMD) in Alu methylation level between cases and controls were pooled using random effects model and assessed heterogeneity between strata by stratified factors using meta-regression model. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also conducted. RESULTS Twenty-five articles, including 2719 cases and 3018 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The significant difference in Alu methylation level between cancer cases and controls was greater in tissue (SMD = -1.89, 95% CI: -2.72, -1.05) than blood (SMD = -0.46, 95% CI: -0.82, -0.09), and heterogeneity was found in materials (P = 0.038). In tissue samples, Alu hypomethylation was found in carcinoma (SMD = -2.50, 95% CI: -3.51, -1.48), while not in non-carcinoma. The inverse associations were consistently found in subgroups stratified by data sources and quality score in tissue samples, and publication year was considered to be the potential source of between-study heterogeneity. Moreover, reduced Alu methylation level was found in the European subgroup, detection method of SIRPH and COBRA, and original data source in blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Alu hypomethylation was associated with increased risk of cancer, which could be a potential biomarker for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danjie Jiang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinhan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Dolci M, Favero C, Tarantini L, Villani S, Bregni M, Signorini L, Della Valle A, Crivelli F, D'Alessandro S, Ferrante P, Bollati V, Delbue S. Human endogenous retroviruses env gene expression and long terminal repeat methylation in colorectal cancer patients. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:189-199. [PMID: 32040616 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) are remnants of exogenous retroviral infections, representing 8% of the human genome. Their regulation is based on the DNA methylation of promoters, the long terminal repeats (LTRs). Transcripts from HERV have been associated with cancers, but reports concerning HERV expression in colorectal cancer remain sporadic. Sixty-three patients with advanced stages of colorectal cancer were enrolled in this study. The expressions of HERV env gene, and HERV-H, -K, -R and -P LTRs and Alu, LINE-1 methylation levels, were investigated in the tumor, normal adjacent tissues, and, where possible, blood and plasmatic extracellular vesicles (EVs). Associations among HERV env expression, methylation status and clinical characteristics were evaluated. No differences were observed in HERV env gene expression levels among the clinical specimens, while Alu, LINE-1, HERV-H and -K LTRs were demethylated in the tumor compared to the normal adjacent tissues (p < 0.05).The HERV env gene was expressed in the EVs at of 54% (-H), 38% (-K), 31% (-R) patients. Association was not found between HERV env expression and LTR methylation, but significant higher expression of HERV-P and -R env was found in tumor tissues arising from the right colon. Our findings do not demonstrate significant overexpression of the studied HERV in colorectal cancer, but their association with tumor localization and specificity of the changes in DNA methylation of retroelements are shown. HERV sequences were packaged in the EVs and might be transferred from one cell to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via San Barnaba 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via San Barnaba 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Villani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bregni
- Hematology Unit, ASST Valle Olona, Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Via Arnaldo da Brescia 3, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Lucia Signorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Della Valle
- General Surgery Unit, Istituto Clinico Città Studi, Via Jommelli 19, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Crivelli
- Pathology Unit, ASST Valle Olona, Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Via Arnaldo da Brescia 3, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Sarah D'Alessandro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via San Barnaba 8, Milan, Italy.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via San Barnaba 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Widschwendter M, Jones A, Evans I, Reisel D, Dillner J, Sundström K, Steyerberg EW, Vergouwe Y, Wegwarth O, Rebitschek FG, Siebert U, Sroczynski G, de Beaufort ID, Bolt I, Cibula D, Zikan M, Bjørge L, Colombo N, Harbeck N, Dudbridge F, Tasse AM, Knoppers BM, Joly Y, Teschendorff AE, Pashayan N. Epigenome-based cancer risk prediction: rationale, opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 15:292-309. [PMID: 29485132 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2018.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is continuing to rise and risk-tailored early diagnostic and/or primary prevention strategies are urgently required. The ideal risk-predictive test should: integrate the effects of both genetic and nongenetic factors and aim to capture these effects using an approach that is both biologically stable and technically reproducible; derive a score from easily accessible biological samples that acts as a surrogate for the organ in question; and enable the effectiveness of risk-reducing measures to be monitored. Substantial evidence has accumulated suggesting that the epigenome and, in particular, DNA methylation-based tests meet all of these requirements. However, the development and implementation of DNA methylation-based risk-prediction tests poses considerable challenges. In particular, the cell type specificity of DNA methylation and the extensive cellular heterogeneity of the easily accessible surrogate cells that might contain information relevant to less accessible tissues necessitates the use of novel methods in order to account for these confounding issues. Furthermore, the engagement of the scientific community with health-care professionals, policymakers and the public is required in order to identify and address the organizational, ethical, legal, social and economic challenges associated with the routine use of epigenetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Widschwendter
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Reisel
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Center for Medical Decision Sciences, Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Vergouwe
- Center for Medical Decision Sciences, Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Odette Wegwarth
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Adaptive Rationality, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix G Rebitschek
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Siebert
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research, and HTA, UMIT-University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.,Harvard T. C. Chan School of Public Health, Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Boston, MA, USA.,Oncotyrol: Center for Personalized Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gaby Sroczynski
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research, and HTA, UMIT-University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Inez D de Beaufort
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke Bolt
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Medical Faculty of the Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zikan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Medical Faculty of the Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- European Institute of Oncology and University Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Tasse
- Public Population Project in Genomics and Society, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Yann Joly
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrew E Teschendorff
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, UK
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Mercorio R, Bonzini M, Angelici L, Iodice S, Delbue S, Mariani J, Apostoli P, Pesatori AC, Bollati V. Effects of metal-rich particulate matter exposure on exogenous and endogenous viral sequence methylation in healthy steel-workers. Environ Res 2017; 159:452-457. [PMID: 28858759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled particles have been shown to produce systemic changes in DNA methylation. Global hypomethylation has been associated to viral sequence reactivation, possibly linked to the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways occurring after exposure. This observation provides a rationale to investigate viral sequence (both exogenous and endogenous) methylation in association to metal-rich particulate matter exposure. To verify this hypothesis, we chose the Wp promoter of the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV-Wp) and the promoter of the human-endogenous-retrovirus w (HERV-w), respectively as a paradigm of an exogenous and an endogenous retroviral sequence, to be investigated by bisulfite PCR Pyrosequencing. We enrolled 63 male workers in an electric furnace steel plant, exposed to high level of metal-rich particulate matter. RESULTS Comparing samples obtained in the first day of a work week (time 0-baseline, after 2 days off work) and the samples obtained after 3 days of work (time 1-post exposure), the mean methylation of EBV-Wp was significantly higher at baseline compared to post-exposure (meanbaseline = 56.7%5mC; meanpost-exposure = 47.9%5mC; p-value = 0.009), whereas the mean methylation of HERV-w did not significantly differ. Individual exposure to inhalable particles and metals was estimated based on measures in all working areas and time spent by the study subjects in each area. In a regression model adjusted for age, body mass index and smoking, PM and metal components had a positive association with EBV-Wp methylation (i.e. PM10: β = 5.99, p-value < 0.038; nickel: β = 17.82, p-value = 0.02; arsenic: β = 13.59, p-value < 0.015). CONCLUSIONS The difference observed comparing baseline and post-exposure samples may be suggestive of a rapid change in EBV methylation induced by air particles, while correlation between EBV methylation and PM/metal exposure may represent a more stable adaptive mechanism. Future studies investigating a larger panel of viral sequences could better elucidate possible mechanisms and their role in pro-inflammatory pathways leading to systemic health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Mercorio
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angelici
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Iodice
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Pascal, 36-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Mariani
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Apostoli
- Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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Li Z, Yu F, Zhou X, Zeng S, Zhan Q, Yuan M, Yang Q, Liu Y, Xia J. Promoter hypomethylation of microRNA223 gene is associated with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Atherosclerosis 2017; 263:237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Miousse IR, Koturbash I. The Fine LINE: Methylation Drawing the Cancer Landscape. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:131547. [PMID: 26448926 DOI: 10.1155/2015/131547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
LINE-1 (L1) is the most abundant mammalian transposable element that comprises nearly 20% of the genome, and nearly half of the mammalian genome has stemmed from L1-mediated mobilization. Expression and retrotransposition of L1 are suppressed by complex mechanisms, where the key role belongs to DNA methylation. Alterations in L1 methylation may lead to aberrant expression of L1 and have been described in numerous diseases. Accumulating evidence clearly indicates that loss of global DNA methylation observed in cancer development and progression is tightly associated with hypomethylation of L1 elements. Significant progress achieved in the last several years suggests that such parameters as L1 methylation status can be potentially utilized as clinical biomarkers for determination of the disease stage and in predicting the disease-free survival in cancer patients. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on L1 methylation, with specific emphasis given to success and challenges on the way of introduction of L1 into clinical practice.
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Joyce BT, Gao T, Liu L, Zheng Y, Liu S, Zhang W, Penedo F, Dai Q, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA, Hou L. Longitudinal Study of DNA Methylation of Inflammatory Genes and Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1531-8. [PMID: 26265203 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation plays a key role in cancer etiology. DNA methylation modification, one of the epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression, is considered a hallmark of cancer. Human and animal models have identified numerous links between DNA methylation and inflammatory biomarkers. Our objective was to prospectively and longitudinally examine associations between methylation of four inflammatory genes and cancer risk. METHODS We included 795 Normative Aging Study participants with blood drawn one to four times from 1999 to 2012 (median follow-up, 10.6 years). Promoter DNA methylation of IL6, ICAM-1, IFN, and TLR2 in blood leukocytes was measured using pyrosequencing at multiple CpG sites and averaged by gene for data analysis. We used Cox regression models to examine prospective associations of baseline and time-dependent methylation with cancer risk and compared mean methylation differences over time between cancer cases and cancer-free participants. RESULTS Baseline IFN hypermethylation was associated with all-cancer (HR, 1.49; P = 0.04) and prostate cancer incidence (HR, 1.69; P = 0.02). Baseline ICAM-1 and IL6 hypermethylation were associated with prostate cancer incidence (HR, 1.43; P = 0.02; HR, 0.70; P = 0.03, respectively). In our time-dependent analyses, IFN hypermethylation was associated with all-cancer (HR, 1.79; P = 0.007) and prostate cancer (HR, 1.57; P = 0.03) incidence; and ICAM-1 and IL6 hypermethylation were associated with prostate cancer incidence (HR, 1.39; P = 0.02; HR, 0.69; P = 0.03, respectively). We detected significant ICAM-1 hypermethylation in cancer cases (P = 0.0003) 10 to 13 years prediagnosis. CONCLUSION Hypermethylation of IFN and ICAM-1 may play important roles in early carcinogenesis, particularly that of prostate cancer. IMPACT These methylation changes could inform the development of early detection biomarkers and potential treatments of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Thomas Joyce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Siran Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank Penedo
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qi Dai
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Venza M, Visalli M, Beninati C, De Gaetano GV, Teti D, Venza I. Cellular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Action in Melanoma. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015:481782. [PMID: 26064422 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most melanomas occur on the skin, but a small percentage of these life-threatening cancers affect other parts of the body, such as the eye and mucous membranes, including the mouth. Given that most melanomas are caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure, close attention has been paid to the impact of oxidative stress on these tumors. The possibility that key epigenetic enzymes cannot act on a DNA altered by oxidative stress has opened new perspectives. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the alteration of DNA methylation by oxidative stress. We review the current evidence about (i) the role of oxidative stress in melanoma initiation and progression; (ii) the mechanisms by which ROS influence the DNA methylation pattern of transformed melanocytes; (iii) the transformative potential of oxidative stress-induced changes in global and/or local gene methylation and expression; (iv) the employment of this epimutation as a biomarker for melanoma diagnosis, prognosis, and drug resistance evaluation; (v) the impact of this new knowledge in clinical practice for melanoma treatment.
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13
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de Araújo ÉS, Pramio DT, Kashiwabara AY, Pennacchi PC, Maria-Engler SS, Achatz MI, Campos AH, Duprat JP, Rosenberg C, Carraro DM, Krepischi AC. DNA Methylation Levels of Melanoma Risk Genes Are Associated with Clinical Characteristics of Melanoma Patients. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:376423. [PMID: 26106605 DOI: 10.1155/2015/376423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In melanoma development, oncogenic process is mediated by genetic and epigenetic mutations, and few studies have so far explored the role of DNA methylation either as predisposition factor or biomarker. We tested patient samples for germline CDKN2A methylation status and found no evidence of inactivation by promoter hypermethylation. We have also investigated the association of clinical characteristics of samples with the DNA methylation pattern of twelve genes relevant for melanomagenesis. Five genes (BAP1, MGMT, MITF, PALB2, and POT1) presented statistical association between blood DNA methylation levels and either CDKN2A-mutation status, number of lesions, or Breslow thickness. In tumors, five genes (KIT, MGMT, MITF, TERT, and TNF) exhibited methylation levels significantly different between tumor groups including acral compared to nonacral melanomas and matched primary lesions and metastases. Our data pinpoint that the methylation level of eight melanoma-associated genes could potentially represent markers for this disease both in peripheral blood and in tumor samples.
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Venza M, Visalli M, Biondo C, Oteri R, Agliano F, Morabito S, Caruso G, Caffo M, Teti D, Venza I. Epigenetic effects of cadmium in cancer: focus on melanoma. Curr Genomics 2015; 15:420-35. [PMID: 25646071 PMCID: PMC4311387 DOI: 10.2174/138920291506150106145932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal, which has a destroying impact on organs. Exposure to cadmium causes severe health problems to human beings due to its ubiquitous environmental presence and features of the pathologies associated with pro-longed exposure. Cadmium is a well-established carcinogen, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully under-stood yet. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the impact of this environmental pollutant on the epigenome. Be-cause of the role of epigenetic alterations in regulating gene expression, there is a potential for the integration of cadmium-induced epigenetic alterations as critical elements in the cancer risk assessment process. Here, after a brief review of the ma-jor diseases related to cadmium exposure, we focus our interest on the carcinogenic potential of this heavy metal. Among the several proposed pathogenetic mechanisms, particular attention is given to epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA expression. We review evidence for a link between cadmium-induced epigenetic changes and cell transformation, with special emphasis on melanoma. DNA methylation, with reduced expression of key genes that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, has emerged as a possible cadmium-induced epigenetic mechanism in melanoma. A wider comprehension of mechanisms related to this common environmental contaminant would allow a better cancer risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Venza
- Department of Experimental Specialistic Medical, Surgical and Odontostomatology Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Visalli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Biondo
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Oteri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Agliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Morabito
- Department of Experimental Specialistic Medical, Surgical and Odontostomatology Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gerardo Caruso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Caffo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Diana Teti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Isabella Venza
- Department of Experimental Specialistic Medical, Surgical and Odontostomatology Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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