Secondary Blepharospasm Associated With Ocular Surface Disease

Quantitative assessment of botulinum toxin injection on blink rate in blepharospasm

PURPOSE

To objectively measure the blink rate in patients with blepharospasm managed by botulinum toxin type-A injections.

METHODS

In this prospective, non-interventional case series, the complete blink rates of subjects were measured before incobotulinumtoxina injection and at follow-up within 4 weeks using slow-motion video-taping. Additionally, subjects graded the frequency of blinking, the severity of light-sensitivity, and the severity and frequency of dry eye symptoms on a categorical visual analog scale. The results are reported as median (range).

RESULTS

Ten subjects were enrolled, with nine females. The total duration of treatment was 70 (5-116) months with total of 27.5 (2-51) injections. The subjects were grouped as short-time (<52w) or long-time (>52w) treatments. The median age, follow-up time, and injected doses were 73.5 (49-81) years, 21 (14-28) days, and 38 (8-47) units, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. The total complete blinks per minute before incobotulinumtoxina injection was 39 (23-64) which decreased to 18.5 (1-60) at follow-up (p = 0.004). The average change in complete blink rate was -67.4 ± 23.7% in long-time and -45.2 ± 31.2% in short-time groups (mean ± SD, p = 0.01). The total self-graded frequency of blinking and light-sensitivity decreased significantly at follow-up (p = 0.004, p = 0.047, respectively). Similar patterns of subject reported grades were seen in both groups.

CONCLUSION

Videotaping is a low-cost method for objective measurement of blink rate in blepharospasm patients after incobotulinumtoxina injection. There was a significant reduction in blink rate after incobotulinumtoxina injections with higher percentage of change in the long-time treatment group. Incobotulinumtoxina injection also significantly improves subjective photophobia.

Observation on the clinical effect of thunder-fire moxibustion combined with acupressure on ocular muscle spasm: A clinical randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION

With the rapid development of social economy, peoples dependence on computers and mobile phones is increasing day by day. This causes people to often overuse. Therefore, the incidence of Ocular muscle spasm has been increasing year by year in recent years. The disease usually starts and hides, which seriously affects the patients social image, daily life, and work.

METHODS/DESIGN

We will compare the clinical efficacy of thunder-fire moxibustion combined with acupressure with pure thunder-fire moxibustion on Ocular muscle spasm using random control method.

DISCUSSION

We aim to find a simple, safe, simple and effective Chinese medicine nursing technology that relieves Ocular muscle spasm.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov,ChiCTR2000034187, Registered on 27 June 2020.

Developments in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

To review new developments in the medical and surgical treatment options for benign essential blepharospasm (BEB).

RECENT FINDINGS

Botulinum toxin injections remain the mainstay treatment for BEB with several formulations currently commercially available. Reports in the medical literature support photochromatic modulation for the symptoms of photophobia, as well as oral medications and surgical myectomy for control of the motor signs of eyelid protractor spasm.

SUMMARY

Although there remains no cure for BEB, several treatment options are available to effectively manage the signs and symptoms of the condition.