1
|
Ji J, Liu Y, Bao Y, Men Y, Hui Z. Network analysis of histopathological image features and genomics data improving prognosis performance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2024:S1078-1439(24)00400-9. [PMID: 38653593 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer, but the prediction of prognosis remains a challenge. METHODS We collected whole-slide histopathological images, corresponding clinical and genetic information from the The Cancer Imaging Archive and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases and randomly divided patients into training (n = 197) and validation (n = 84) cohorts. After feature extraction by CellProfiler, we used 2 different machine learning techniques (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation-regularized Cox and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to select prognosis-related image features and genes, respectively. These features and genes were integrated into a joint model using random forest and used to create a nomogram that combines other predictive indicators. RESULTS A total of 4 overlapped features were identified, represented by the computed histopathological risk score in the random forest model, and showed predictive value for overall survival (test set: 1-year area under the curves (AUC) = 0.726, 3-year AUC = 0.727, and 5-year AUC = 0.764). The histopathological-genetic risk score (HGRS) integrating the genetic information computed performed better than the model that used image features only (test set: 1-year AUC = 0.682, 3-year AUC = 0.734, and 5-year AUC = 0.78). The nomogram (gender, stage, and HGRS) achieved the highest net benefit according to decision curve analysis compared to HGRS or clinical model. CONCLUSION This study developed a histopathological-genetic-related nomogram by combining histopathological features and clinical predictors, providing a more comprehensive prognostic assessment for clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxing Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Men
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouguang Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leonard S, Karabegović I, Ikram MA, Ahmad S, Ghanbari M. Plasma circulating microRNAs associated with blood-based immune markers: a population-based study. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:251-260. [PMID: 37950349 PMCID: PMC10876108 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and different immune-related pathways. There is a great interest in identifying miRNAs involved in immune cell development and function to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the immune system, its regulation, and disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of circulating miRNAs with blood cell compositions and blood-based immune markers. Circulating levels of 2083 miRNAs were measured by RNA-sequencing in plasma samples of 1999 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study collected between 2002 and 2005. Full blood count measurements were performed for absolute granulocyte, platelet, lymphocyte, monocyte, white, and red blood cell counts. Multivariate analyses were performed to test the association of miRNAs with blood cell compositions and immune markers. We evaluated the overlap between predicted target genes of candidate miRNAs associated with immune markers and genes determining the blood immune response markers. First, principal component regression analysis showed that plasma levels of circulating miRNAs were significantly associated with red blood cell, granulocyte, and lymphocyte counts. Second, the cross-sectional analysis identified 210 miRNAs significantly associated (P < 2.82 × 10-5) with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index. Further genetic look-ups showed that target genes of seven identified miRNAs (miR-1233-3p, miR-149-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-4644, and miR-7106-5p) were also previously linked to NLR and PLR markers. Collectively, our study suggests several circulating miRNAs that regulate the innate and adaptive immune systems, providing insight into the pathogenesis of miRNAs in immune-related diseases and paving the way for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Leonard
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Karabegović
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Willems A, Panchy N, Hong T. Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and MicroRNA Targeting Data to Improve Colorectal Cancer Survival Prediction. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36672162 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has proven to be difficult to treat as it is the second leading cause of cancer death for both men and women worldwide. Recent work has shown the importance of microRNA (miRNA) in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Here, we develop a metric based on miRNA-gene target interactions, previously validated to be associated with colorectal cancer. We use this metric with a regularized Cox model to produce a small set of top-performing genes related to colon cancer. We show that using the miRNA metric and a Cox model led to a meaningful improvement in colon cancer survival prediction and correct patient risk stratification. We show that our approach outperforms existing methods and that the top genes identified by our process are implicated in NOTCH3 signaling and general metabolism pathways, which are essential to colon cancer progression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li G, Huang J, Chen S, He Y, Wang Z, Peng J. High Expression of ATP6V1C2 Predicts Unfavorable Overall Survival in Patients With Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:930876. [PMID: 36212133 PMCID: PMC9532742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.930876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is responsible for 90% of all colorectal cancer cases and is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. ATP6V1s (cytosolic V1 domain of vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase) participate in the biological process of transporting hydrogen ions and are implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. ATP6V1C2 as a family member has been documented to associate with esophageal carcinoma and renal clear cell carcinoma, while its roles in COAD remain elusive. Methods: The expression status, potential molecular mechanism, and prognostic value of ATP6V1C2 in COAD were investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. In addition, its biological roles in COAD were explored through in vitro studies. Results: ATP6V1C2 showed a significantly higher expression level in COAD compared with matched non-cancerous tissues. High expression of ATP6V1C2 predicted a shorter overall survival both in TCGA and GEO COAD datasets, and ATP6V1C2 was identified as an independent factor associated with overall survival in COAD. Bioinformatic analyses showed that high expression of ATP6V1C2 was associated with high epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) score and Wnt signaling pathway was significantly enriched from differentially expressed genes between ATP6V1C2-high and -low group. We also found that high expression of ATP6V1C2 could decrease pathway activity of CD8 T effector implicated in tumor microenvironment (TME). In vitro study revealed that ATP6V1C2 knockdown resulted in aberrant expression of Wnt- and EMT-related genes and inhibited COAD cell proliferation and growth. Conclusion: This is the first study to reveal the molecular functions of ATP6V1C2 in COAD. Our study suggests that overexpressed ATP6V1C2 might promote EMT by activating Wnt signaling pathway, resulting in cancer metastasis and poor prognosis. This study paves the way for understanding potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Li
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Huang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sile Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong He
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Digestive Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong He, ; Zhixiong Wang, ; Jianjun Peng,
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong He, ; Zhixiong Wang, ; Jianjun Peng,
| | - Jianjun Peng
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong He, ; Zhixiong Wang, ; Jianjun Peng,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hao Y, Reyes LT, Morris R, Xu Y, Wang Y, Cheng F. Changes of protein levels in human urine reflect the dysregulation of signaling pathways of chronic kidney disease and its complications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20743. [PMID: 33247215 PMCID: PMC7699629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) seriously is threatening human health and overall quality of life. The discovery of biomarkers of pathogenesis of CKD and the associated complications are very important for CDK diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, urine protein biomarkers were investigated because urine sample collection is convenient and non-invasive. We analyzed the protein concentrations in the urine of CKD patients and extracted abnormal protein signals comparing with the healthy control groups. The enriched signaling pathways that may characterize CKD pathology were identified from these proteins. We applied surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry technology to detect different protein peaks in urine samples from patients with CKD and healthy controls. We searched the proteins corresponding to protein peaks through the UniProt database and identified the signaling pathways of CKD and its complications by using the NIH DAVID database. 42 low abundance proteins and 46 high abundance proteins in the urine samples from CKD patients were found by comparing with healthy controls. Seven KEGG pathways related to CKD and its complications were identified from the regulated proteins. These pathways included chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac muscle contraction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and salivary secretion. In CKD stages 2, 3, 4, and 5, five proteins showed significantly differential abundances. The differential protein signals and regulated signaling pathways will provide new insight for the pathogenesis of CKD and its complications. These altered proteins may also be used as novel biomarkers for the noninvasive and convenient diagnosis methods of CKD and its complications through urine testing in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of TCM Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Luis Tanon Reyes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of TCM Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment/Laboratory of TCM Four Diagnostic Information, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skala SL, Wang X, Zhang Y, Mannan R, Wang L, Narayanan SP, Vats P, Su F, Chen J, Cao X, Siddiqui J, Argani P, Cieślik MP, Giordano TJ, Chinnaiyan AM, Dhanasekaran SM, Mehra R. Next-generation RNA Sequencing-based Biomarker Characterization of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma and Related Oncocytic Neoplasms. Eur Urol 2020; 78:63-74. [PMID: 32299640 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Recent sequencing studies revealed various molecular features associated with histologic RCC subtypes, including chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC). OBJECTIVE To characterize the gene expression and biomarker signatures associated with ChRCC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed integrative analysis on RNA sequencing data available from 1049 RCC specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas and in-house studies. Our workflow identified genes relatively enriched in ChRCC, including Forkhead box I1 (FOXI1), Rh family C glycoprotein (RHCG), and LINC01187. We assessed the expression pattern of FOXI1 and RHCG protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and LINC01187 mRNA by RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) in whole tissue sections representing a cohort of 197 RCC cases, including both primary and metastatic tumors. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The FOXI1 and RHCG IHC staining, as well as the LINC01187 RNA-ISH staining, was evaluated in each case for intensity, pattern, and localization of expression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS All primary and metastatic classic ChRCCs demonstrated homogeneous positive labeling for FOXI1, RHCG proteins, and LINC01187 transcript. Unclassified RCC with oncocytic features, oncocytoma, and hybrid oncocytic tumor, as well as all but two cases of eosinophilic ChRCC also stained positive. Importantly, metastatic and primary RCC of all other subtypes did not demonstrate any unequivocal staining for FOXI1, RHCG, or LINC01187. In normal kidney, FOXI1, RHCG, and LINC01187 were detected in the distal nephron segment, specifically in intercalated cells. Two cases of eosinophilic ChRCC with focal expression of FOXI1 and LINC01187, and Golgi-like RHCG staining were found to contain MTOR gene mutations upon DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a pipeline for the identification and validation of RCC subtype-specific biomarkers that can aid in the confirmation of cell of origin and may facilitate accurate classification and diagnosis of renal tumors. PATIENT SUMMARY FOXI1, RHCG, and LINC01187 are lineage-specific signature genes for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
|
7
|
Duan X, Yang S, Zhang L, Yang T. V-ATPases and osteoclasts: ambiguous future of V-ATPases inhibitors in osteoporosis. Theranostics 2018; 8:5379-5399. [PMID: 30555553 PMCID: PMC6276090 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) play a critical role in regulating extracellular acidification of osteoclasts and bone resorption. The deficiencies of subunit a3 and d2 of V-ATPases result in increased bone density in humans and mice. One of the traditional drug design strategies in treating osteoporosis is the use of subunit a3 inhibitor. Recent findings connect subunits H and G1 with decreased bone density. Given the controversial effects of ATPase subunits on bone density, there is a critical need to review the subunits of V-ATPase in osteoclasts and their functions in regulating osteoclasts and bone remodeling. In this review, we comprehensively address the following areas: information about all V-ATPase subunits and their isoforms; summary of V-ATPase subunits associated with human genetic diseases; V-ATPase subunits and osteopetrosis/osteoporosis; screening of all V-ATPase subunits variants in GEFOS data and in-house data; spectrum of V-ATPase subunits during osteoclastogenesis; direct and indirect roles of subunits of V-ATPases in osteoclasts; V-ATPase-associated signaling pathways in osteoclasts; interactions among V-ATPase subunits in osteoclasts; osteoclast-specific V-ATPase inhibitors; perspective of future inhibitors or activators targeting V-ATPase subunits in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tielin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation parthway, assemble to homo- or heteromeric dimers that sometimes require accessory β-subunits for function. CLC proteins come in two flavors: anion channels and anion/proton exchangers. Structures of these two CLC protein classes are surprisingly similar. Extensive structure-function analysis identified residues involved in ion permeation, anion-proton coupling and gating and led to attractive biophysical models. In mammals, ClC-1, -2, -Ka/-Kb are plasma membrane Cl−channels, whereas ClC-3 through ClC-7 are 2Cl−/H+-exchangers in endolysosomal membranes. Biological roles of CLCs were mostly studied in mammals, but also in plants and model organisms like yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans. CLC Cl−channels have roles in the control of electrical excitability, extra- and intracellular ion homeostasis, and transepithelial transport, whereas anion/proton exchangers influence vesicular ion composition and impinge on endocytosis and lysosomal function. The surprisingly diverse roles of CLCs are highlighted by human and mouse disorders elicited by mutations in their genes. These pathologies include neurodegeneration, leukodystrophy, mental retardation, deafness, blindness, myotonia, hyperaldosteronism, renal salt loss, proteinuria, kidney stones, male infertility, and osteopetrosis. In this review, emphasis is laid on biophysical structure-function analysis and on the cell biological and organismal roles of mammalian CLCs and their role in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Jentsch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany; and Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| | - Michael Pusch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany; and Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shinmura K, Kato H, Kawanishi Y, Kamo T, Inoue Y, Yoshimura K, Sugiyama K, Misawa K, Hosokawa S, Mineta H, Sugimura H. BSND is a Novel Immunohistochemical Marker for Oncocytic Salivary Gland Tumors. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:439-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Li Z, Zhu K, Gong X, Vasilescu S, Sun Y, Hong K, Li H, Li L, Shan Y. Inducing Polyclonal Eag1-Specific Antibodies by Vaccination with a Linear Epitope Immunogen and Its Relation to Breast Tumorigenesis. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 23:761-767. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|