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Zhang L, Zhou T, Su Y, He L, Wang Z. Involvement of histone methylation in the regulation of neuronal death. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:685-693. [PMID: 37544979 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal death occurs in various physiological and pathological processes, and apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis are three major forms of neuronal death. Neuronal apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis are widely identified to involve the progress of stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. A growing body of evidence has pointed out that neuronal death is tightly associated with expression of related genes and alteration of signaling molecules. In addition, recently, epigenetics has been increasingly focused on as a vital regulatory mechanism for neuronal apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis, providing a new direction for treating nervous system diseases. Moreover, growing researches suggest that histone methylation or demethylation is involved in the processes of neuronal apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis. These researches may imply that studying the potential roles of histone methylation is essential for treating the nervous system diseases. Here, we review potential roles of histone methylation and demethylation in neuronal death, which may give us a new direction in treating the nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tai Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhongcheng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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2
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Martins LC, Silva MDS, Pinheiro EF, da Penha LKRL, Passos ADCF, de Moraes SAS, Batista EDJO, Herculano AM, Oliveira KRHM. COCHLEAR GLIAL CELLS MEDIATES GLUTAMATE UPTAKE THROUGH A SODIUM-INDEPENDENT TRANSPORTER. Hear Res 2023; 432:108753. [PMID: 37054532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Since glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cochlea, the mechanisms for the removal of glutamate from the synaptic and extrasynaptic spaces are critical for maintaining normal function of this region. Glial cells of inner ear are crucial for regulation of synaptic transmission throughout since it closely interacts with neurons along the entire auditory pathway, however little is known about the activity and expression of glutamate transporters in the cochlea. In this study, using primary cochlear glial cells cultures obtained from newborn Balb/C mice, we determined the activity of a sodium-dependent and sodium-independent glutamate uptake mechanisms by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The sodium-independent glutamate transport has a prominent contribution in cochlear glial cells which is similar to what has been demonstrated in other sensory organs, but it is not found in tissues less susceptible to continuous glutamate-mediated injuries. Our results showed that xCG- system is expressed in CGCs and is the main responsible for sodium-independent glutamate uptake. The identification and characterization of the xCG- transporter in the cochlea suggests a possible role of this transporter in the control of extracellular glutamate concentrations and regulation of redox state, that may aid in the preservation of auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Carvalho Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Biological Science Institute, UFPa. Belém, PA CEP:66075-110, Brazil
| | - Mateus Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Biological Science Institute, UFPa. Belém, PA CEP:66075-110, Brazil
| | - Emerson Feio Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Biological Science Institute, UFPa. Belém, PA CEP:66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Biological Science Institute, UFPa. Belém, PA CEP:66075-110, Brazil
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3
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhai L, Zheng H, Yan Y, Fu Q, Ma J, Fu H, Zhang Z, Li Z. Biological and therapeutic role of LSD1 in Alzheimer’s diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020556. [PMID: 36386192 PMCID: PMC9640401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive learning and memory impairments, however, current treatments only provide symptomatic relief. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), regulating the homeostasis of histone methylation, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders. LSD1 functions in regulating gene expression via transcriptional repression or activation, and is involved in initiation and progression of AD. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 has shown promising therapeutic benefits for AD treatment. In this review, we attempt to elaborate on the role of LSD1 in some aspects of AD including neuroinflammation, autophagy, neurotransmitters, ferroptosis, tau protein, as well as LSD1 inhibitors under clinical assessments for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yellow River Central Hospital of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yellow River Central Hospital of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yellow River Central Hospital of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuqun Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Yellow River Central Hospital of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Yellow River Central Hospital of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yellow River Central Hospital of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haier Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yellow River Central Hospital of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haier Fu, ; Zhenqiang Zhang, ; Zhonghua Li,
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haier Fu, ; Zhenqiang Zhang, ; Zhonghua Li,
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haier Fu, ; Zhenqiang Zhang, ; Zhonghua Li,
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4
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Zheng S, Liu C, Tang D, Zheng Z, Yan R, Wu C, Zuo N, Ma J, He Y, Liu S. The Protective Effect of Rutin against the Cisplatin-induced Cochlear Damage in vitro. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:102-111. [PMID: 35304134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rutin is a natural flavonoid, with typical effects including interaction with enzymes and scavenging of free radicals. However, the role of rutin in the auditory system is still unclear. In the present study, we used neonatal organ of Corti explants in vitro to investigate the effects of rutin in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The TUNEL assay and the cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were used to detect the apoptosis of hair cell (HCs) in cochlear explants, and the MitoSox-Red staining was used to detect the difference in mitochondrial superoxide among different groups. Western blot was used to investigate the expression of genes. Confocal microscopy showed that after pretreatment with rutin, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in HCs caused by cisplatin exposure was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the expression levels of p-P38 and p-JNK were significantly decreased, while ratio of p-AKT/AKT was significantly upregulated. Our study showed that rutin reduced cisplatin-induced HCs death in neonatal cochlear explants in vitro. The potential mechanism involved the alleviation of mitochondrial damage, the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the suppression of MAPK signaling pathway, and the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The datasets during and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Renchun Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Na Zuo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China.
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Liu C, Zheng Z, Li W, Tang D, Zhao L, He Y, Li H. Inhibition of KDM5A attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss via regulation of the MAPK/AKT pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:596. [PMID: 36396833 PMCID: PMC9672031 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the potential role of lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A) in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The effect of the KDM5A inhibitor CPI-455 was assessed by apoptosis assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, seahorse respirometry assay, and auditory brainstem response test. RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and CUT&Tag assays were used to explore the mechanism underlying CPI-455-induced protection. Our results demonstrated that the expression of KDM5A was increased in cisplatin-injured cochlear hair cells compared with controls. CPI-455 treatment markedly declined KDM5A and elevated H3K4 trimethylation levels in cisplatin-injured cochlear hair cells. Moreover, CPI-455 effectively prevented the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons and increased the number of ribbon synapses in a cisplatin-induced ototoxicity mouse model both in vitro and in vivo. In HEI-OC1 cells, KDM5A knockdown reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and improved mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation under cisplatin-induced stress. Mechanistically, through transcriptomics and epigenomics analyses, a set of apoptosis-related genes, including Sos1, Sos2, and Map3k3, were regulated by CPI-455. Altogether, our findings indicate that inhibition of KDM5A may represent an effective epigenetic therapeutic target for preventing cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzi He
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China ,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China ,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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6
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Li A, You D, Li W, Cui Y, He Y, Li W, Chen Y, Feng X, Sun S, Chai R, Li H. Novel compounds protect auditory hair cells against gentamycin-induced apoptosis by maintaining the expression level of H3K4me2. Drug Deliv 2019; 25:1033-1043. [PMID: 30799660 PMCID: PMC6058728 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1461277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside-induced hair cell (HC) loss is a major cause of hearing impairment, and the effective prevention of HC loss remains an unmet medical need. Epigenetic mechanisms have been reported to be involved in protecting cochlear cells against ototoxic drug injury, and in this study we developed new bioactive compounds that have similar chemical structures as the epigenetics-related lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitors. LSD1 inhibitors have been reported to protect cochlear cells by preventing demethylation of dimethylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me2). To determine whether these new compounds exert similar protective effects on HCs, we treated mouse cochlear explant cultures with the new compounds together with gentamycin. There was a severe loss of HCs in the organ of Corti after gentamycin exposure, while co-treatment with the new compounds significantly protected against gentamycin-induced HC loss. H3K4me2 levels in the nuclei of HCs decreased after exposure to gentamycin, but H3K4me2 levels were maintained in the presence of the new compounds. Apoptosis is also involved in the injury process, and the new compounds protected the inner ear HCs against apoptosis by reducing caspase-3 activation. Together, our findings demonstrate that our new compounds prevent gentamycin-induced HC loss by preventing the demethylation of H3K4me2 and by inhibiting apoptosis, and these results might provide the theoretical basis for novel drug development for hearing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital , Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Research Institution of Otorhinolaryngology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Dan You
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital , Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Wenyan Li
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital , Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yingjie Cui
- c Knowshine (Shanghai) Pharmaceuticals Inc , Shanghai , China
| | - Yingzi He
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital , Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Wen Li
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital , Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Chen
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital , Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao Feng
- c Knowshine (Shanghai) Pharmaceuticals Inc , Shanghai , China
| | - Shan Sun
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital , Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Renjie Chai
- d Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease , Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,e Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Huawei Li
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital , Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,f Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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7
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Abstract
Damage to neuronal tissues in mammals leads to permanent loss of tissue function that can have major health consequences. While mammals have no inherent regenerative capacity to functionally repair neuronal tissue, other species such as amphibians and teleost fish readily replace damaged tissue. The exploration of development and native regeneration can thus inform the process of inducing regeneration in non-regenerative systems, which can be used to develop new therapeutics. Increasing evidence points to an epigenetic component in the regulation of the changes in cellular gene expression necessary for regeneration. In this review, we compare evidence of epigenetic roles in development and regeneration of neuronal tissue. We have focused on three key systems of important clinical significance: the neural retina, the inner ear, and the spinal cord in regenerative and non-regenerative species. While evidence for epigenetic regulation of regeneration is still limited, changes in DNA accessibility, histone acetylation and DNA methylation have all emerged as key elements in this process. To date, most studies have used broadly acting experimental manipulations to establish a role for epigenetics in regeneration, but the advent of more targeted approaches to modify the epigenome will be critical to dissecting the relative contributions of these regulatory factors in this process and the development of methods to stimulate the regeneration in those organisms like ourselves where only limited regeneration occurs in these neural systems.
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Liu W, Xu X, Fan Z, Sun G, Han Y, Zhang D, Xu L, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang S, Tang M, Li J, Chai R, Wang H. Wnt Signaling Activates TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator and Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Spiral Ganglion Neuron Damage in the Mouse Cochlea. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1389-1410. [PMID: 29587485 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin can damage spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and cause sensorineural hearing loss. Wnt activation protects against neomycin-induced hair cell damage in the mouse cochlea, but the role of Wnt signaling in protecting SGNs from cisplatin treatment has not yet been elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Wnt signaling against cisplatin-induced SGN damage. RESULTS First, we found that Wnt signaling was activated in SGNs after cisplatin treatment. Next, we discovered that overexpression (OE) of Wnt signaling in SGNs reduced cisplatin-induced SGN loss by inhibiting caspase-associated apoptosis, thus preventing the loss of SGN function after cisplatin treatment. In contrast, inhibition of Wnt signaling increased apoptosis, made SGNs more vulnerable to cisplatin treatment, and exacerbated hearing loss. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), which scavenges intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), was upregulated in SGNs in response to cisplatin administration. Wnt/β-catenin activation increased TIGAR expression and reduced ROS level, while inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin in SGNs reduced TIGAR expression and increased the ROS level. Moreover, OE of TIGAR reduced ROS and decreased caspase 3 expression, as well as increased the survival of SGNs in Wnt-inhibited SGNs. Finally, antioxidant treatment rescued the more severe SGN loss induced by β-catenin deficiency after cisplatin treatment. Innovation and Conclusion: This study is the first to indicate that Wnt signaling activates TIGAR and protects SGNs against cisplatin-induced damage through the inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis in SGNs, and this might offer novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of SGN injury. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- 3 Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Gaoying Sun
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Yuechen Han
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Daogong Zhang
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- 3 Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- 3 Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- 3 Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China .,4 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University , Nantong, China .,5 Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing, China .,6 Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
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9
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Walters BJ, Cox BC. Approaches for the study of epigenetic modifications in the inner ear and related tissues. Hear Res 2019; 376:69-85. [PMID: 30679030 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications such as methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, are two types of epigenetic modifications that alter gene expression. These additions to DNA regulatory elements or to the tails of histones can be inherited or can also occur de novo. Since epigenetic modifications can have significant effects on various processes at both the cellular and organismal level, there has been a rapid increase in research on this topic throughout all fields of biology in recent years. However, epigenetic research is relativity new for the inner ear field, likely due to the limited number of cells present and their quiescent nature. Here, we provide an overview of methods used to detect DNA methylation and histone modifications with a focus on those that have been validated for use with limited cell numbers and a discussion of the strengths and limitations for each. We also provide examples for how these methods have been used to investigate the epigenetic landscape in the inner ear and related tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Walters
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, and of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Departments of Pharmacology and Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA.
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10
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Mucke HA. Patent highlights August-September 2017. Pharm Pat Anal 2018; 7:7-14. [PMID: 29219751 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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11
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Abstract
Until 2004, many researchers believed that protein methylation in eukaryotic cells was an irreversible reaction. However, the discovery of lysine-specific demethylase 1 in 2004 drastically changed this view and the concept of chromatin regulation. Since then, the enzymes responsible for lysine demethylation and their cellular substrates, biological significance, and selective regulation have become major research topics in epigenetics and chromatin biology. Many cell-permeable inhibitors for lysine demethylases have been developed, including both target-specific and nonspecific inhibitors. Structural understanding of how these inhibitors bind to lysine demethylases is crucial both for validation of the inhibitors as chemical probes and for the rational design of more potent, target-specific inhibitors. This review focuses on published small-molecule inhibitors targeted at the two flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent lysine demethylases, lysine-specific demethylases 1 and 2, and how the inhibitors interact with the tertiary structures of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Niwa
- a Epigenetics Drug Discovery Unit , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- a Epigenetics Drug Discovery Unit , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan.,b PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Honcho, Kawaguchi , Saitama , Japan
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Abstract
LSD1 is an epigenetic modulator associated with transcriptional regulation of genes involved in a broad spectrum of key cellular processes, and its activity is often altered under pathological conditions. LSD1 inhibitors are considered to be candidates for therapy of cancer, viral diseases and neurodegeneration. Many LSD1 inhibitors with various scaffolds have been disclosed, and a few potent molecules are in different stages of clinical development. In this review, we summarize recent biological findings on the roles of LSD1 and the current understanding of the clinical significance of LSD1, and focus on the medicinal chemistry strategies used in the design and development of LSD1 inhibitors as drug-like epigenetic modulators since 2012, including a brief consideration of structure–activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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