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Pinheiro EF, Cardoso PB, Luz WL, Assad N, Santos-Silva M, Leão LKR, de Moraes SAS, Passos ADC, de Jesus Oliveira Batista E, Oliveira KRHM, Gouveia A, Herculano AM. Putative Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Prevents Brain Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Aggressive-Like Behavior in Zebrafish. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:65-73. [PMID: 36576997 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aggression is a set of complex behaviors commonly described in different neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, autistim spectrum disorder, and anxiety. Previous studies have described that some changes in the redox status of the brain are closely associated with aggressive behavior in different species. In addition, the endocannabinoid system acts as a neuromodulator of the central nervous system, however, its participation in aggressive behavior needs to be elucidated. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an important model in the study of aggression, in this context, the present study investigated whether the activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1r) alters the cerebral redox state and aggressive behavior in zebrafish. Materials and Methods: We performed pharmacological manipulations with the CB1r agonist (ACEA) and antagonist (AM-251) to assess the role of this receptor in aggressive behavior. Individuals were isolated in pairs, without physical contact for 24 h, treated with the drugs of interest, and after 30 minutes of pharmacokinetics, the fights were filmed for 30 min, and the individuals were identified as dominant or subordinate. Results: A consistent decrease in the strike and bite aggressive behavior was observed in the group treated with the ACEA agonist compared with that in the control and AM-251 groups. When evaluating the cerebral redox state, we observed that treatment with the ACEA agonist reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the levels of sulfhydryl groups compared with those in the control group. These results indicate that the activation of CB1r by the ACEA agonist inhibited aggressiveness and attenuated the levels of oxidative stress in both subjects (dominant or subordinate) in the treated group. Conclusion: Thus, we suggest that zebrafish is an alternative model to study common aggressive behavior disorders among species and that CB1r represent a potential target for the development of treatments for aggressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Feio Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Patrick Bruno Cardoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Waldo Lucas Luz
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Nadyme Assad
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus Santos-Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luana Ketlen Reis Leão
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Adelaide da Conceição Passos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Evander de Jesus Oliveira Batista
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Amauri Gouveia
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Carmona Rendón Y, Garzón HS, Bueno-Silva B, Arce RM, Suárez LJ. Cannabinoids in Periodontology: Where Are We Now? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1687. [PMID: 38136721 PMCID: PMC10740419 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabinoids are a well-documented treatment modality for various immune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and a range of neurodegenerative conditions. However, limited information is available regarding the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in treating periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to analyze the current evidence on the antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of cannabis and its role in the healing and regeneration processes within periodontal tissues. RESULTS This review discusses the potential role of cannabinoids in restoring periodontal tissue homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The examination of the endocannabinoid system and the physiological effects of cannabinoids in the periodontium suggests that they possess immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties, which could potentially promote proper tissue healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yésica Carmona Rendón
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Hernán Santiago Garzón
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil;
| | - Roger M. Arce
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Hygiene, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Lina Janeth Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
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Kwiecień E, Kowalczuk D. Therapeutic Potential of Minor Cannabinoids in Dermatological Diseases-A Synthetic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6149. [PMID: 37630401 PMCID: PMC10459035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatological diseases pose a significant burden on the quality of life of individuals and can be challenging to treat effectively. In this aspect, cannabinoids are gaining increasing importance due to their therapeutic potential in various disease entities including skin diseases. In this synthetic review, we comprehensively analyzed the existing literature in the field of potential dermatological applications of a lesser-known subgroup of cannabinoids, the so-called minor cannabinoids, such as cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiforol (CBDP), cannabichromene (CBC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabielsoin (CBE), cannabimovone (CBM) or cannabinol (CBN), while drawing attention to their unique pharmacological properties. We systematically searched the available databases for relevant studies and analyzed the data to provide an overview of current thematic knowledge. We looked through the full-text, bibliographic and factographic databases, especially Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Polish Scientific Journals Database, and selected the most relevant papers. Our review highlights that minor cannabinoids exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-itch properties. Several studies have reported their efficacy in mitigating symptoms associated with dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, acne, and pruritus. Furthermore, minor cannabinoids have shown potential in regulating sebum production, a crucial factor in acne pathogenesis. The findings of this review suggest that minor cannabinoids hold therapeutic promise in the management of dermatological diseases. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of action, determine optimal dosage regimens, and assess long-term safety profiles. Incorporating minor cannabinoids into dermatological therapies could potentially offer novel treatment options of patients and improve their overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- A-Sense Sp. z o.o., ul. Moscickiego 1, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalczuk
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Wei Y, Jia S, Ding Y, Xia S, Giunta S. Balanced basal-levels of ROS (redox-biology), and very-low-levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (cold-inflammaging), as signaling molecules can prevent or slow-down overt-inflammaging, and the aging-associated decline of adaptive-homeostasis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112067. [PMID: 36535453 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) from redox-biology and pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate immunity/and other sources, in addition to their role in redox-biology, and in defense and repair, have long been regarded as potentially harmful factors associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory states. However, their important physiological functions as signaling molecules have been demonstrated to be of importance, also in Geroscience, particularly when ROS are at balanced basal levels (redox-biology) and pro-inflammatory cytokines are at very low levels (cold-inflammaging). Under these conditions, both of these components (alone or in combination) may act as signaling/response molecules involved in regulating/maintaining or restoring adaptive homeostasis during aging, particularly in the early phases of even very-mild non-damaging internal or external environmental stimuli that could nevertheless elicit low-grade warnings-signals for homeostatic stability. If signals potentially perturbing homeostasis persist, the levels of ROS and pro-inflammatory mediators increase resulting in a switch from adaptive to maladaptive responses which may lead to oxidative stress and overt-inflammaging (or even to an overt inflammatory state), thus paving the way to the risks of aging-related diseases (ARDs). Conversely, upon adaptive-responses, low-levels of ROS and very-low-levels of pro-inflammatory-cytokines, alone or in combination, can result in an amplified capacity to prevent or slow-down overt-inflammaging (2-fold to 4-fold increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines) thus maintaining or restoring homeostasis. Therefore, these signaling molecules may also have the sequential incremental potential to prevent or slow the subsequent decline of adaptive homeostasis that will occur later in the lifespan. These scenarios may lead us to conceive of, and conceptualize, both these molecules and their basal-low levels, as well as their dynamics and the time-course of responses, as 'potential important pillars of adaptive-homeostasis in aging' since the earliest phases of the occurrence of any even very- mild environmental potential imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuang Jia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shijin Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sergio Giunta
- Casa di Cura Prof. Nobili-GHC Garofalo Health Care, Bologna, Italy.
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Kamaruzzaman MA, Romli MH, Abas R, Vidyadaran S, Hidayat Baharuldin MT, Nasaruddin ML, Thirupathirao V, Sura S, Warsito K, Mohd Nor NH, Azwaruddin MA, Alshawsh MA, Mohd Moklas MA. Regulatory role of the endocannabinoid system on glial cells toward cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1053680. [PMID: 36959856 PMCID: PMC10028478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1053680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Over the last decade, researchers have sought to develop novel medications against dementia. One potential agent under investigation is cannabinoids. This review systematically appraised and meta-analyzed published pre-clinical research on the mechanism of endocannabinoid system modulation in glial cells and their effects on cognitive function in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: A systematic review complying with PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Six databases were searched: EBSCOHost, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science, using the keywords AD, cannabinoid, glial cells, and cognition. The methodological quality of each selected pre-clinical study was evaluated using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. A random-effects model was applied to analyze the data and calculate the effect size, while I2 and p-values were used to assess heterogeneity. Results: The analysis included 26 original articles describing (1050 rodents) with AD-like symptoms. Rodents treated with cannabinoid agonists showed significant reductions in escape latency (standard mean difference [SMD] = -1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.77 to -0.76, p < 0.00001) and ability to discriminate novel objects (SMD = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.76, p < 0.00001) compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant decrease in Aβ plaques (SMD = -0.91; 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.27, p = 0.006) was observed in the endocannabinoid-treated group compared to the control group. Trends were observed toward neuroprotection, as represented by decreased levels of glial cell markers including glial fibrillary acid protein (SMD = -1.47; 95% CI: -2.56 to -0.38, p = 0.008) and Iba1 (SMD = -1.67; 95% CI: -2.56 to -0.79, p = 0.0002). Studies on the wild-type mice demonstrated significantly decreased levels of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 (SMD = -2.28; 95% CI: -3.15 to -1.41, p = 0.00001). Despite the non-significant decrease in pro-inflammatory marker levels in transgenic mice (SMD = -0.47; 95% CI: -1.03 to 0.08, p = 0.09), the result favored the endocannabinoid-treated group over the control group. Conclusion: The revised data suggested that endocannabinoid stimulation promotes cognitive function via modulation of glial cells by decreasing pro-inflammatory markers in AD-like rodent models. Thus, cannabinoid agents may be required to modulate the downstream chain of effect to enhance cognitive stability against concurrent neuroinflammation in AD. Population-based studies and well-designed clinical trials are required to characterize the acceptability and real-world effectiveness of cannabinoid agents. Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-8-0094/], identifier [Inplasy Protocol 3770].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Amir Kamaruzzaman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hibatullah Romli
- Department of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sreenivasulu Sura
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Kabul Warsito
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Huda Mohd Nor
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Amsyar Azwaruddin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, ; Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh,
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, ; Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh,
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Singlár Z, Ganbat N, Szentesi P, Osgonsandag N, Szabó L, Telek A, Fodor J, Dienes B, Gönczi M, Csernoch L, Sztretye M. Genetic Manipulation of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Reveals a Role in Maintaining Proper Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Function in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415653. [PMID: 36555292 PMCID: PMC9779148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) refers to a widespread signaling system and its alteration is implicated in a growing number of human diseases. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the central nervous system and many peripheral tissues. Evidence suggests that CB1Rs are expressed in human and murine skeletal muscle mainly in the cell membrane, but a subpopulation is present also in the mitochondria. However, very little is known about the latter population. To date, the connection between the function of CB1Rs and the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling has not been investigated yet. Tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle-specific conditional CB1 knock-down (skmCB1-KD, hereafter referred to as Cre+/-) mice were used in this study for functional and morphological analysis. After confirming CB1R down-regulation on the mRNA and protein level, we performed in vitro muscle force measurements and found that peak twitch, tetanus, and fatigue were decreased significantly in Cre+/- mice. Resting intracellular calcium concentration, voltage dependence of the calcium transients as well as the activity dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake were essentially unaltered by Cnr1 gene manipulation. Nevertheless, we found striking differences in the ultrastructural architecture of the mitochondrial network of muscle tissue from the Cre+/- mice. Our results suggest a role of CB1Rs in maintaining physiological muscle function and morphology. Targeting ECS could be a potential tool in certain diseases, including muscular dystrophies where increased endocannabinoid levels have already been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Singlár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nyamkhuu Ganbat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nomin Osgonsandag
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Telek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Gönczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Sztretye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Costa AC, Joaquim HPG, Pedrazzi JFC, Pain ADO, Duque G, Aprahamian I. Cannabinoids in Late Life Parkinson's Disease and Dementia: Biological Pathways and Clinical Challenges. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121596. [PMID: 36552056 PMCID: PMC9775654 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cannabinoids as therapeutic drugs has increased among aging populations recently. Age-related changes in the endogenous cannabinoid system could influence the effects of therapies that target the cannabinoid system. At the preclinical level, cannabidiol (CBD) induces anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of cannabinoids to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer. Emerging evidence suggests that CBD and tetrahydrocannabinol have neuroprotective therapeutic-like effects on dementias. In clinical practice, cannabinoids are being used off-label to relieve symptoms of PD and AD. In fact, patients are using cannabis compounds for the treatment of tremor, non-motor symptoms, anxiety, and sleep assistance in PD, and managing responsive behaviors of dementia such as agitation. However, strong evidence from clinical trials is scarce for most indications. Some clinicians consider cannabinoids an alternative for older adults bearing Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's dementia with a poor response to first-line treatments. In our concept and experience, cannabinoids should never be considered a first-line treatment but could be regarded as an adjuvant therapy in specific situations commonly seen in clinical practice. To mitigate the risk of adverse events, the traditional dogma of geriatric medicine, starting with a low dose and proceeding with a slow titration regime, should also be employed with cannabinoids. In this review, we aimed to address preclinical evidence of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative disorders such as PD and AD and discuss potential off-label use of cannabinoids in clinical practice of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana C. Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Helena P. G. Joaquim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - João F. C. Pedrazzi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Andreia de O. Pain
- Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Geriatrics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Geriatrics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Jattujan P, Srisirirung S, Watcharaporn W, Chumphoochai K, Kraokaew P, Sanguanphun T, Prasertsuksri P, Thongdechsri S, Sobhon P, Meemon K. 2-Butoxytetrahydrofuran and Palmitic Acid from Holothuria scabra Enhance C. elegans Lifespan and Healthspan via DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2 Signaling Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1374. [PMID: 36355546 PMCID: PMC9699485 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts from a sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, have been shown to exhibit various pharmacological properties including anti-oxidation, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and anti-neurodegeneration. Furthermore, certain purified compounds from H. scabra displayed neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Therefore, in the present study, we further examined the anti-aging activity of purified H. scabra compounds in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Five compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of the body wall of H. scabra and characterized as diterpene glycosides (holothuria A and B), palmitic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and 2-butoxytetrahydrofuran (2-BTHF). Longevity assays revealed that 2-BTHF and palmitic acid could significantly extend lifespan of wild type C. elegans. Moreover, 2-BTHF and palmitic acid were able to enhance resistance to paraquat-induced oxidative stress and thermal stress. By testing the compounds' effects on longevity pathways, it was shown that 2-BTHF and palmitic acid could not extend lifespans of daf-16, age-1, sir-2.1, jnk-1, and skn-1 mutant worms, indicating that these compounds exerted their actions through these genes in extending the lifespan of C. elegans. These compounds induced DAF-16::GFP nuclear translocation and upregulated the expressions of daf-16, hsp-16.2, sod-3 mRNA and SOD-3::GFP. Moreover, they also elevated protein and mRNA expressions of GST-4, which is a downstream target of the SKN-1 transcription factor. Taken together, the study demonstrated the anti-aging activities of 2-BTHF and palmitic acid from H. scabra were mediated via DAF-16/FOXO insulin/IGF and SKN-1/NRF2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Jattujan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Campus, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirin Srisirirung
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Campus, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Warisra Watcharaporn
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Campus, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kawita Chumphoochai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pichnaree Kraokaew
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tanatcha Sanguanphun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Salinthip Thongdechsri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Avraamidou E, Nöthel M, Danisch M, Bindila L, Schmidt SV, Lutz B, Nickenig G, Jehle J. Myeloid But Not Endothelial Expression of the CB2 Receptor Promotes Atherogenesis in the Context of Elevated Levels of the Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:491-501. [PMID: 36178662 PMCID: PMC10151305 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an inflammatory mediator and ligand for the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. We investigated the atherogenic mechanisms set in motion by 2-AG. Therefore, we created two atherosclerotic mouse models with distinct cell-specific knockouts of the CB2 receptor on either myeloid or endothelial cells. These mice were treated with JZL184, resulting in elevated plasma levels of 2-AG. After a high-fat high-cholesterol diet, atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed. The atherogenic effect of 2-AG was abrogated in mice lacking myeloid expression of the CB2 receptor but not in mice lacking endothelial expression of the CB2 receptor. In vitro, treatment of human monocytes with 2-AG led to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-1β. In conclusion, 2-AG shows an atherogenic effect in vivo, dependent on the presence of the CB2 receptor on myeloid cells. In addition, our in vitro data revealed 2-AG to promote inflammatory signalling in monocytes. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol shows an atherogenic effect that is abrogated in mice lacking myeloid expression of the CB2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Avraamidou
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Nöthel
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Melina Danisch
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Jehle
- Department of Internal Medicine II Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 13, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Yui K, Imataka G, Yoshihara S. Lipid-Based Molecules on Signaling Pathways in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9803. [PMID: 36077195 PMCID: PMC9456412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways associated with lipid metabolism contribute to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and provide insights for devising new therapeutic strategies. Prostaglandin E2 is a membrane-derived lipid molecule that contributes to developing ASD associated with canonical Wnt signaling. Cyclooxygenase-2 plays a key role in neuroinflammation and is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as ASD. The endocannabinoid system maintains a balance between inflammatory and redox status and synaptic plasticity and is a potential target for ASD pathophysiology. Redox signaling refers to specific and usually reversible oxidation–reduction reactions, some of which are also involved in pathways accounting for the abnormal behavior observed in ASD. Redox signaling and redox status-sensitive transcription factors contribute to the pathophysiology of ASD. Cannabinoids regulate the redox balance by altering the levels and activity of antioxidant molecules via ROS-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX) and ROS-scavenging superoxide dismutase enzymes. These signaling cascades integrate a broad range of neurodevelopmental processes that may be involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Based on these pathways, we highlight putative targets that may be used for devising novel therapeutic interventions for ASD.
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Newman M, Connery H, Boyd J. Opioids and Vitamin C: Known Interactions and Potential for Redox-Signaling Crosstalk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1267. [PMID: 35883757 PMCID: PMC9312198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most widely used classes of pharmacologically active compounds both clinically and recreationally. Beyond their analgesic efficacy via μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonism, a prominent side effect is central respiratory depression, leading to systemic hypoxia and free radical generation. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid; AA) is an essential antioxidant vitamin and is involved in the recycling of redox cofactors associated with inflammation. While AA has been shown to reduce some of the negative side effects of opioids, the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. The present review seeks to provide a signaling framework under which MOR activation and AA may interact. AA can directly quench reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induced by opioids, yet this activity alone does not sufficiently describe observations. Downstream of MOR activation, confounding effects from AA with STAT3, HIF1α, and NF-κB have the potential to block production of antioxidant proteins such as nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase. Further mechanistic research is necessary to understand the underlying signaling crosstalk of MOR activation and AA in the amelioration of the negative, potentially fatal side effects of opioids.
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Bagues A, López-Tofiño Y, Llorente-Berzal Á, Abalo R. Cannabinoid drugs against chemotherapy-induced adverse effects: focus on nausea/vomiting, peripheral neuropathy and chemofog in animal models. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:105-129. [PMID: 35045012 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although new drugs are being developed for cancer treatment, classical chemotherapeutic agents are still front-line therapies, despite their frequent association with severe side effects that can hamper their use. Cannabinoids may prevent or palliate some of these side effects. The aim of the present study is to review the basic research which has been conducted evaluating the effects of cannabinoid drugs in the treatment of three important side effects induced by classical chemotherapeutic agents: nausea and vomiting, neuropathic pain and cognitive impairment. Several published studies have demonstrated that cannabinoids are useful in preventing and reducing the nausea, vomits and neuropathy induced by different chemotherapy regimens, though other side effects can occur, such as a reduction of gastrointestinal motility, along with psychotropic effects when using centrally-acting cannabinoids. Thus, peripherally-acting cannabinoids and new pharmacological options are being investigated, such as allosteric or biased agonists. Additionally, due to the increase in the survival of cancer patients, there are emerging data that demonstrate an important cognitive deterioration due to chemotherapy, and because the cannabinoid drugs have a neuroprotective effect, they could be useful in preventing chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (as demonstrated through studies in other neurological disorders), but this has not yet been tested. Thus, although cannabinoids seem a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of different side effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents, future research will be necessary to find pharmacological options with a safer profile. Moreover, a new line of research awaits to be opened to elucidate their possible usefulness in preventing cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bagues
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón
- High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC)
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda López-Tofiño
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System NeuGut-URJC
| | - Álvaro Llorente-Berzal
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System NeuGut-URJC
- Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia de la Sociedad Española del Dolor, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Middlekauff HR, Cooper ZD, Strauss SB. Drugs of Misuse: Focus on Vascular Dysfunction. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1364-1377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kopustinskiene DM, Masteikova R, Lazauskas R, Bernatoniene J. Cannabis sativa L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:660. [PMID: 35453344 PMCID: PMC9030479 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants from the family Cannabidaceae have been used since ancient times, to produce fibers, oil, and for medicinal purposes. Psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) are the main pharmacologically active compounds of Cannabis sativa. These compounds have, for a long time, been under extensive investigation, and their potent antioxidant and inflammatory properties have been reported, although the detailed mechanisms of their actions have not been fully clarified. CB1 receptors are suggested to be responsible for the analgesic effect of THC, while CB2 receptors may account for its immunomodulatory properties. Unlike THC, CBD has a very low affinity for both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and behaves as their negative allosteric modulator. CBD activity, as a CB2 receptor inverse agonist, could be important for CBD anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we discuss the chemical properties and bioavailability of THC and CBD, their main mechanisms of action, and their role in oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Morris G, Sominsky L, Walder KR, Berk M, Marx W, Carvalho AF, Bortolasci CC, Maes M, Puri BK. Inflammation and Nitro-oxidative Stress as Drivers of Endocannabinoid System Aberrations in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2022. [PMID: 35347586 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of the endocannabinoid ligands anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylgycerol (2-AG), their target cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and metabolism (N-acyltransferase and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the case of AEA and diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in the case of 2-AG). The origins of ECS dysfunction in major neuropsychiatric disorders remain to be determined, and this paper explores the possibility that they may be associated with chronically increased nitro-oxidative stress and activated immune-inflammatory pathways, and it examines the mechanisms which might be involved. Inflammation and nitro-oxidative stress are associated with both increased CB1 expression, via increased activity of the NADPH oxidases NOX4 and NOX1, and increased CNR1 expression and DNA methylation; and CB2 upregulation via increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, binding of the transcription factor Nrf2 to an antioxidant response element in the CNR2 promoter region and the action of miR-139. CB1 and CB2 have antagonistic effects on redox signalling, which may result from a miRNA-enabled negative feedback loop. The effects of inflammation and oxidative stress are detailed in respect of AEA and 2-AG levels, via effects on calcium homeostasis and phospholipase A2 activity; on FAAH activity, via nitrosylation/nitration of functional cysteine and/or tyrosine residues; and on 2-AG activity via effects on MGLL expression and MAGL. Finally, based on these detailed molecular neurobiological mechanisms, it is suggested that cannabidiol and dimethyl fumarate may have therapeutic potential for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Morris G, Walder K, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Marx W, Bortolasci CC, Yung AR, Puri BK, Maes M. Intertwined associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and endocannabinoid system pathways: Relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110481. [PMID: 34826557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) appears to regulate metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, lung, and reproductive system functions, as well as the central nervous system. There is also evidence that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with ECS abnormalities as well as oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. The goal of this mechanistic review is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ECS's regulation of redox signalling, as well as the mechanisms by which activated oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways may impair ECS-mediated signalling. Cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 activation and upregulation of brain CB2 receptors reduce oxidative stress in the brain, resulting in less tissue damage and less neuroinflammation. Chronically high levels of oxidative stress may impair CB1 and CB2 receptor activity. CB1 activation in peripheral cells increases nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) activity, reducing mitochondrial activity. Upregulation of CB2 in the peripheral and central nervous systems may reduce iNOS, nitrosative stress, and neuroinflammation. Nitrosative stress may have an impact on CB1 and CB2-mediated signalling. Peripheral immune activation, which frequently occurs in response to nitro-oxidative stress, may result in increased expression of CB2 receptors on T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, reducing the production of inflammatory products and limiting the duration and intensity of the immune and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, high levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress may compromise or even abolish ECS-mediated redox pathway regulation. Future research in neuropsychiatric disorders like mood disorders and deficit schizophrenia should explore abnormalities in these intertwined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolf Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alison R Yung
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Health Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Basant K Puri
- University of Winchester, UK, and C.A.R., Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Boullon L, Abalo R, Llorente-Berzal Á. Cannabinoid Drugs-Related Neuroprotection as a Potential Therapeutic Tool Against Chemotherapy-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734613. [PMID: 34867342 PMCID: PMC8632779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, and particularly associated with the increase of cancer patients’ life expectancy, the occurrence of cancer treatment sequelae, including cognitive impairments, has received considerable attention. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments (CICI) can be observed not only during pharmacological treatment of the disease but also long after cessation of this therapy. The lack of effective tools for its diagnosis together with the limited treatments currently available for alleviation of the side-effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents, demonstrates the need of a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathology. This review focuses on the comprehensive appraisal of two main processes associated with the development of CICI: neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and proposes the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) as a new therapeutic target against CICI. The neuroprotective role of the ECS, well described in other cognitive-related neuropathologies, seems to be able to reduce the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the neuroinflammatory supraspinal processes underlying CICI. This review also provides evidence supporting the role of cannabinoid-based drugs in the modulation of oxidative stress processes that underpin cognitive impairments, and warrant the investigation of endocannabinoid components, still unknown, that may mediate the molecular mechanism behind this neuroprotective activity. Finally, this review points forward the urgent need of research focused on the understanding of CICI and the investigation of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boullon
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de La Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i Del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System NeuGut-URJC, Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences in Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society (Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia de La Sociedad Española Del Dolor), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Llorente-Berzal
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Álvaro Llorente-Berzal,
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Bukke VN, Archana M, Villani R, Serviddio G, Cassano T. Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Phytocannabinoids and Recreational Synthetic Cannabinoids: Increasing Risk of Public Health. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100965. [PMID: 34681189 PMCID: PMC8541640 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic Cannabinoids (CBs) are a novel class of psychoactive substances that have rapidly evolved around the world with the addition of diverse structural modifications to existing molecules which produce new structural analogues that can be associated with serious adverse health effects. Synthetic CBs represent the largest class of drugs detected by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) with a total of 207 substances identified from 2008 to October 2020, and 9 compounds being reported for the first time. Synthetic CBs are sprayed on natural harmless herbs with an aim to mimic the euphoric effect of Cannabis. They are sold under different brand names including Black mamba, spice, K2, Bombay Blue, etc. As these synthetic CBs act as full agonists at the CB receptors, they are much more potent than natural Cannabis and have been increasingly associated with acute to chronic intoxications and death. Due to their potential toxicity and abuse, the US government has listed some synthetic CBs under schedule 1 classification. The present review aims to provide a focused overview of the literature concerning the development of synthetic CBs, their abuse, and potential toxicological effects including renal toxicity, respiratory depression, hyperemesis syndrome, cardiovascular effects, and a range of effects on brain function.
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Elgohary R, Abdelsalam RM, Abdel-Salam OME, Khattab MM, Salem NA, El-Khyat ZA, Morsy FA. Protective effect of cannabinoids on gastric mucosal lesions induced by water immersion restrain stress in rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:1182-1189. [PMID: 35083004 PMCID: PMC8751742 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54338.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the impact of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on the mucosal lesion progress in the stomach induced by water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats subjected to WIRS for 4 hr were treated with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), CBR1 agonist (NADA, 1 mg/kg), CBR1 antagonist (Rimonabant, 1 mg/kg), CBR2 agonist (GW405833 1 mg/kg) or CBR2 antagonist (AM630, 1 mg/kg SC) 30 min before WIRS. Microscopic lesions, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines biomarkers, and (Myeloperoxidase) MPO in gastric tissues were determined. RESULTS Results indicated development of severe gastric lesions with a substantial increase in the contents of (nitric oxide) NO, (malondialdehyde) MDA, (interleukin-1 beta) IL-1β, MPO, (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) TNF-α, and a significant fall in the content of GSH and the activity of PON-1 after WIRS. CONCLUSION Treatment with NADA and AM630 protected gastric tissues against ulcers as demonstrated by a decrease in the contents of MDA, TNF-α, MPO, and IL-1β along with an increase in the content of PON-1 activity and GSH in the stomach tissues. On the other hand, treatment with SR141716A or GW405833 showed no protective effects on ulcers development. It seems that cannabinoids exert their antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects against WIRS-induced gastric ulcers by activation of CB1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Elgohary
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt,Corresponding author: Rania Elgohary. National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 01022219049,12622 Dokki.
| | - Rania M. Abdelsalam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar ME Abdel-Salam
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Khattab
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen A. Salem
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zakaria A. El-Khyat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma A. Morsy
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
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Gęgotek A, Jastrząb A, Dobrzyńska M, Biernacki M, Skrzydlewska E. Exogenous Antioxidants Impact on UV-Induced Changes in Membrane Phospholipids and the Effectiveness of the Endocannabinoid System in Human Skin Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1260. [PMID: 34439508 PMCID: PMC8389309 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants effectively counteract changes caused by UV radiation in human skin cells. However, their action is limited due to their lipo/hydrophilicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the mutual protective action of hydrophilic ascorbic acid and partially lipophilic rutin against UVA/UVB-induced changes in membranes phospholipid and endocannabinoid system in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Obtained results clearly showed that, despite the stronger antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid, the lipid membranes were more effectively protected against UV-induced oxidation by rutin, including changes in phospholipid fatty acid levels, prevention against reactive aldehydes formation and endocannabinoids degradation. Ascorbic acid more strongly prevented UV-induced endocannabinoid receptors expression in fibroblasts, especially CB1. However, the combined action of used antioxidants resulted in the greatest cytoprotective effect, which was evident in the inflammatory marker TNFα down-regulation and increased cell viability following cell irradiation. The applied mixture of antioxidants showed a stronger protective in relation to membrane phospholipids in keratinocytes and in the endocannabinoid system in fibroblasts. In conclusion, it can be suggested that combined antioxidant capacities of ascorbic acid and rutin protects against lipid peroxidation but also decreases the UV-induced inflammation by direct interaction with the endocannabinoid system, thus increasing skin cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (E.S.)
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Vacek J, Vostalova J, Papouskova B, Skarupova D, Kos M, Kabelac M, Storch J. Antioxidant function of phytocannabinoids: Molecular basis of their stability and cytoprotective properties under UV-irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:258-270. [PMID: 33453360 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, a comprehensive study of the redox transformation, electronic structure, stability and photoprotective properties of phytocannabinoids is presented. The non-psychotropic cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), and psychotropic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) isomers and iso-THC were included in the study. The results show that under aqueous ambient conditions at pH 7.4, non-psychotropic cannabinoids are slight or moderate electron-donors and they are relatively stable, in the following order: CBD > CBG ≥ CBN > CBC. In contrast, psychotropic Δ9-THC degrades approximately one order of magnitude faster than CBD. The degradation (oxidation) is associated with the transformation of OH groups and changes in the double-bond system of the investigated molecules. The satisfactory stability of cannabinoids is associated with the fact that their OH groups are fully protonated at pH 7.4 (pKa is ≥ 9). The instability of CBN and CBC was accelerated after exposure to UVA radiation, with CBD (or CBG) being stable for up to 24 h. To support their topical applications, an in vitro dermatological comparative study of cytotoxic, phototoxic and UVA or UVB photoprotective effects using normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) was done. NHDF are approx. twice as sensitive to the cannabinoids' toxicity as HaCaT. Specifically, toxicity IC50 values for CBD after 24 h of incubation are 7.1 and 12.8 μM for NHDF and HaCaT, respectively. None of the studied cannabinoids were phototoxic. Extensive testing has shown that CBD is the most effective protectant against UVA radiation of the studied cannabinoids. For UVB radiation, CBN was the most effective. The results acquired could be used for further redox biology studies on phytocannabinoids and evaluations of their mechanism of action at the molecular level. Furthermore, the UVA and UVB photoprotectivity of phytocannabinoids could also be utilized in the development of new cannabinoid-based topical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papouskova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Skarupova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kos
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojova 135, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kabelac
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojova 135, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Jorgačević B, Vučević D, Samardžić J, Mladenović D, Vesković M, Vukićević D, Ješić R, Radosavljević T. The Effect of CB1 Antagonism on Hepatic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:169-180. [PMID: 32124686 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200303122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the endocannabinoid system (ES) has been identified in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated metabolic disorders. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) expression is largely dependent on nutritional status. Thus, individuals suffering from NAFLD and metabolic syndrome (MS) have a significant increase in ES activity. Furthermore, oxidative/ nitrosative stress and inflammatory process modulation in the liver are highly influenced by the ES. Numerous experimental studies indicate that oxidative and nitrosative stress in the liver is associated with steatosis and portal inflammation during NAFLD. On the other hand, inflammation itself may also contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to Kupffer cell activation and increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. The pathways by which endocannabinoids and their lipid-related mediators modulate oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation represent a significant area of research that could yield novel pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of NAFLD. Cumulative evidence suggested that the ES, particularly CB1 receptors, may also play a role in inflammation and disease progression toward steatohepatitis. Pharmacological inactivation of CB1 receptors in NAFLD exerts multiple beneficial effects, particularly due to the attenuation of hepatic oxidative/nitrosative stress parameters and significant reduction of proinflammatory cytokine production. However, further investigations regarding precise mechanisms by which CB1 blockade influences the reduction of hepatic oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation are required before moving toward the clinical phase of the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Jorgačević
- Institute of Pathophysiology ''Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović'', Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vučević
- Institute of Pathophysiology ''Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović'', Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janko Samardžić
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology ''Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović'', Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology ''Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović'', Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Vukićević
- Institute of Pathophysiology ''Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović'', Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Ješić
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Radosavljević
- Institute of Pathophysiology ''Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović'', Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Rogobete AF, Bedreag OH, Papurica M, Popovici SE, Bratu LM, Rata A, Barsac CR, Maghiar A, Garofil DN, Negrea M, Petcu LB, Toma D, Dumbuleu CM, Rimawi S, Sandesc D. Multiparametric Monitoring of Hypnosis and Nociception-Antinociception Balance during General Anesthesia-A New Era in Patient Safety Standards and Healthcare Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020132. [PMID: 33540844 PMCID: PMC7913052 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of general anesthesia techniques and anesthetic substances has opened new horizons for the expansion and improvement of surgical techniques. Nevertheless, more complex surgical procedures have brought a higher complexity and longer duration for general anesthesia, which has led to a series of adverse events such as hemodynamic instability, under- or overdosage of anesthetic drugs, and an increased number of post-anesthetic events. In order to adapt the anesthesia according to the particularities of each patient, the multimodal monitoring of these patients is highly recommended. Classically, general anesthesia monitoring consists of the analysis of vital functions and gas exchange. Multimodal monitoring refers to the concomitant monitoring of the degree of hypnosis and the nociceptive-antinociceptive balance. By titrating anesthetic drugs according to these parameters, clinical benefits can be obtained, such as hemodynamic stabilization, the reduction of awakening times, and the reduction of postoperative complications. Another important aspect is the impact on the status of inflammation and the redox balance. By minimizing inflammatory and oxidative impact, a faster recovery can be achieved that increases patient safety. The purpose of this literature review is to present the most modern multimodal monitoring techniques to discuss the particularities of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florin Rogobete
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.R.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (C.R.B.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Horea Bedreag
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.R.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (C.R.B.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Papurica
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.R.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (C.R.B.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Sonia Elena Popovici
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.R.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (C.R.B.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
- Correspondence: (S.E.P.); (L.M.B.); Tel.: +40-728-001-971
| | - Lavinia Melania Bratu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.R.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (C.R.B.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.E.P.); (L.M.B.); Tel.: +40-728-001-971
| | - Andreea Rata
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Claudiu Rafael Barsac
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.R.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (C.R.B.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Andra Maghiar
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.R.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (C.R.B.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Dragos Nicolae Garofil
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai Negrea
- Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400376 Cluj Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laura Bostangiu Petcu
- Faculty of Management, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daiana Toma
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Corina Maria Dumbuleu
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Samir Rimawi
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Dorel Sandesc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.R.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (C.R.B.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.T.); (C.M.D.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
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Sharma DS, Paddibhatla I, Raghuwanshi S, Malleswarapu M, Sangeeth A, Kovuru N, Dahariya S, Gautam DK, Pallepati A, Gutti RK. Endocannabinoid system: Role in blood cell development, neuroimmune interactions and associated disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 353:577501. [PMID: 33571815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex physiological network involved in creating homeostasis and maintaining human health. Studies of the last 40 years have shown that endocannabinoids (ECs), a group of bioactive lipids, together with their set of receptors, function as one of the most important physiologic systems in human body. ECs and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are found throughout the body: in the brain tissues, immune cells, and in the peripheral organs and tissues as well. In recent years, ECs have emerged as key modulators of affect, neurotransmitter release, immune function, and several other physiological functions. This modulatory homoeostatic system operates in the regulation of brain activity and states of physical health and disease. In several research studies and patents the ECS has been recognised with neuro-protective properties thus it might be a target in neurodegenerative diseases. Most immune cells express these bioactive lipids and their receptors, recent data also highlight the immunomodulatory effects of endocannabinoids. Interplay of immune and nervous system has been recognized in past, recent studies suggest that ECS function as a bridge between neuronal and immune system. In several ongoing clinical trial studies, the ECS has also been placed in the anti-cancer drugs spotlight. This review summarizes the literature of cannabinoid ligands and their biosynthesis, cannabinoid receptors and their distribution, and the signaling pathways initiated by the binding of cannabinoid ligands to cannabinoid receptors. Further, this review highlights the functional role of cannabinoids and ECS in blood cell development, neuroimmune interactions and associated disorders. Moreover, we highlight the current state of knowledge of cannabinoid ligands as the mediators of neuroimmune interactions, which can be therapeutically effective for neuro-immune disorders and several diseases associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Shankar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Indira Paddibhatla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjeev Raghuwanshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Mahesh Malleswarapu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Anjali Sangeeth
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Narasaiah Kovuru
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Swati Dahariya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Dushyant Kumar Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Aditya Pallepati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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Lucas Luz W, Santos-Silva M, Cardoso PB, Assad N, Moraes ERDS, Grisólia ABA, Braga DV, Leão LKR, de Moraes SAS, Passos ADC, Batista EDJO, Gouveia A, Oliveira KRHM, Herculano AM. Putative Activation of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Prevents Anxiety-Like Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and GABA Decrease in the Brain of Zebrafish Submitted to Acute Restraint Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:598812. [PMID: 33536881 PMCID: PMC7848035 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.598812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorder is a well-recognized condition observed in subjects submitted to acute stress. Although the brain mechanisms underlying this disorder remain unclear, the available evidence indicates that oxidative stress and GABAergic dysfunction mediate the generation of stress-induced anxiety. Cannabinoids are known to be efficient modulators of behavior, given that the activation of the cannabinoid receptors type-1 (CB1 receptors) induces anxiolytic-like effects in animal models. In the present study, we aimed to describe the effects of the stimulation of the CB1 receptors on anxiety-like behavior, oxidative stress, and the GABA content of the brains of zebrafish submitted to acute restraint stress (ARS). The animals submitted to the ARS protocol presented evident anxiety-like behavior with increased lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue. The evaluation of the levels of GABA in the zebrafish telencephalon presented decreased levels of GABA in the ARS group in comparison with the control. Treatment with ACEA, a specific CB1 receptor agonist, prevented ARS-induced anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain. ACEA treatment also prevented a decrease in GABA in the telencephalon of the animals submitted to the ARS protocol. Overall, these preclinical data strongly suggest that the CB1 receptors represent a potential target for the development of the treatment of anxiety disorders elicited by acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldo Lucas Luz
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Mateus Santos-Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Patrick Bruno Cardoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Nadyme Assad
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Barroso Araújo Grisólia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Danielle Valente Braga
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luana Ketlen Reis Leão
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Adelaide da Conceição Passos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Evander de Jesus Oliveira Batista
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratory of Protozoology, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Amauri Gouveia
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Karen R H Matos Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Dash R, Ali MC, Jahan I, Munni YA, Mitra S, Hannan MA, Timalsina B, Oktaviani DF, Choi HJ, Moon IS. Emerging potential of cannabidiol in reversing proteinopathies. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101209. [PMID: 33181336 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant accumulation of disease-specific protein aggregates accompanying cognitive decline is a pathological hallmark of age-associated neurological disorders, also termed as proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Along with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, disruption in protein homeostasis (proteostasis), a network that constitutes protein surveillance system, plays a pivotal role in the pathobiology of these dementia disorders. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid of Cannabis sativa, is known for its pleiotropic neuropharmacological effects on the central nervous system, including the ability to abate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein misfolding. Over the past years, compelling evidence has documented disease-modifying role of CBD in various preclinical and clinical models of neurological disorders, suggesting the potential therapeutic implications of CBD in these disorders. Because of its putative role in the proteostasis network in particular, CBD could be a potent modulator for reversing not only age-associated neurodegeneration but also other protein misfolding disorders. However, the current understanding is insufficient to underpin this proposition. In this review, we discuss the potentiality of CBD as a pharmacological modulator of the proteostasis network, highlighting its neuroprotective and aggregates clearing roles in the neurodegenerative disorders. We anticipate that the current effort will advance our knowledge on the implication of CBD in proteostasis network, opening up a new therapeutic window for aging proteinopathies.
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Chetty K, Lavoie A, Deghani P. A Literature Review of Cannabis and Myocardial Infarction-What Clinicians May Not Be Aware Of. CJC Open 2021; 3:12-21. [PMID: 33458628 PMCID: PMC7801213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing legalization and expanding medicinal use have led to a significant rise in global cannabis consumption. With this development, we have seen a growing number of case reports describing adverse cardiovascular events, specifically, cannabis-induced myocardial infarction (MI). However, there are considerable knowledge gaps on this topic among health care providers. This review aims to provide an up-to-date review of the current literature, as well as practical recommendations for clinicians. We also focus on proposed mechanisms implicating cannabis as a risk factor for MI. We performed a comprehensive literature search using the MEDLINE, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Turning Research into Practice (TRIP) PRO databases for articles published between 2000 and 2018. A total of 92 articles were included. We found a significant number of reports describing cannabis-induced MI. This was especially prevalent among young healthy patients, presenting shortly after use. The most commonly proposed mechanisms included increased autonomic stimulation, altered platelet function, vasospasm, and direct toxic effects of smoke constituents. However, it is likely that the true pathogenesis is multifactorial. We should increase our pretest probability for MI in young patients presenting with chest pain. We also recommend against cannabis use in patients with known coronary artery disease, especially if they have stable angina. Finally, if patients are adamant about using cannabis, health care providers should recommend against smoking cannabis, avoidance of concomitant tobacco use, and use of the lowest delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol dose possible. Data quality is limited to that of observational studies and case report data. Therefore, more clinical trials are needed to determine a definitive cause-and-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Lavoie
- Department of Cardiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Payam Deghani
- Department of Cardiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Li R, Huang Z, Luo J, Luo H, Wang W. Downregulation of the CB1-Mediated Endocannabinoid Signaling Underlies D-Galactose-Induced Memory Impairment. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:130. [PMID: 32848596 PMCID: PMC7399637 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in redox homeostasis is a major cause of age-related cognitive impairment. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a key player in regulating synaptic transmission, plasticity and memory. Increasing evidence indicates an important interplay between the two systems. However, how excessive oxidative stress could alter ECS and that, in turn, impairs its modulatory role in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function remains elusive. In the present study, we examined this causal link in D-galactose-induced oxidative rats. First, the reactive oxygen species generating enzymes, especially nitric oxide synthase (NOS), indeed show an elevated expression in D-galactose-treated rats, and this was correlated to an impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial memory loss in animal behavioral tests. Second, the cannabinoid receptor type I (CB1)-mediated signaling is known to regulate synaptic plasticity. We show that a decrease in CB1 and increase in degradation enzymes for CB1 ligand endocannabinoid anandamide all occurred to D-galactose-treated rats. Surprisingly, application of low-dose anandamide, known to reduce LTP under physiological condition, now acted to enhance LTP in D-galactose-treated rats, most likely resulted from the inhibition of GABAergic synapses. Furthermore, this reversal behavior of CB1-signaling could be fully simulated by a NOS inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium. These observations suggest that interaction between redox dysfunction and ECS should contribute significantly to the impaired synaptic plasticity and memory loss in D-galactose-treated rats. Therefore, therapies focusing on the balance of these two systems may shed lights on the treatment of age-related cognitive impairment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Wuhan Fourth Hospital and Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sharma DS, Raghuwanshi S, Kovuru N, Dahariya S, Gautam DK, Paddibhatla I, Gutti RK. Virodhamine, an endocannabinoid, induces megakaryocyte differentiation by regulating MAPK activity and function of mitochondria. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1445-1453. [PMID: 32696508 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are well-known regulators of neurotransmission by activating the cannabinoid (CB) receptors. Endocannabinoids are being used extensively for the treatment of various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although endocannabinoids are well studied in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in various neurological disorders and several cancers, the functional role in the regulation of blood cell development is less examined. In the present study, virodhamine, which is an agonist of CB receptor-2, was used to examine its effect on megakaryocytic development from a megakaryoblastic cell. We observed that virodhamine increases cell adherence, cell size, and cytoplasmic protrusions. Interestingly, we have also observed large nucleus and increased expression of megakaryocytic marker (CD61), which are the typical hallmarks of megakaryocytic differentiation. Furthermore, the increased expression of CB2 receptor was noticed in virodhamine-induced megakaryocytic cells. The effect of virodhamine on megakaryocytic differentiation could be mediated through CB2 receptor. Therefore, we have studied virodhamine induced molecular regulation of megakaryocytic differentiation; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were majorly affected. The altered mitochondrial functions and ROS production is the crucial event associated with megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation. In the present study, we report that virodhamine induces megakaryocytic differentiation by triggering MAPK signaling and ROS production either through MAPK effects on ROS-generating enzymes or by the target vanilloid receptor 1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Shankar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjeev Raghuwanshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Narasaiah Kovuru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swati Dahariya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Indira Paddibhatla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract
Phytogenic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa and synthetic cannabinoids are commonly used substances for their recreational and medicinal properties. There are increasing reports of cardiotoxicity in close temporal association with cannabinoid use in patients with structurally normal hearts and absence of coronary arterial disease. Associated adverse events include myocardial ischemia, conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, and sudden death. This review details the effects of phytogenic and synthetic cannabinoids on diverse receptors based on evidence from in vitro, human, and animal studies to establish a molecular basis for these deleterious clinical effects. The synergism between endocannabinoid dysregulation, cannabinoid receptor, and noncannabinoid receptor binding, and impact on cellular ion flux and coronary microvascular circulation is delineated. Pharmacogenetic factors placing certain patients at higher risk for cardiotoxicity are also correlated with the diverse effects of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Richards
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 70083University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, CA, USA
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Johnson SA, Rodriguez D, Allred K. A Systematic Review of Essential Oils and the Endocannabinoid System: A Connection Worthy of Further Exploration. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:8035301. [PMID: 32508955 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds have a long history of use as medicines in most recorded cultures. An increasing interest in these therapeutic volatile molecules in both scientific and lay communities has led to the advancement of essential oils as phytomedicines. Recent discoveries suggest essential oils augment the endocannabinoid system in a positive manner to mitigate various pathologies. However, the exact mechanisms whereby essential oils influence endocannabinoid system activity are not fully known, these studies provide a glimpse into their involvement and warrant further evaluation. Additional study of the interaction between essential oils and the endocannabinoid system may lead to promising phytomedicines for the treatment of diseases and conditions involving dysregulation or activation of the endocannabinoid system.
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Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Biernacki M, Wroński A, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Cannabidiol Effects on Phospholipid Metabolism in Keratinocytes from Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030367. [PMID: 32121131 PMCID: PMC7175188 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dysregulated keratinocyte differentiation, but oxidative stress also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we examined the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on the redox balance and phospholipid metabolism in UVA/UVB-irradiated keratinocytes isolated from the skin of psoriatic patients or healthy volunteers. CBD accumulates mainly in membrane keratinocytes, especially from patients with psoriasis. This phytocannabinoid reduces the redox imbalance observed in the UV-irradiated keratinocytes of healthy subjects. It does so by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increasing the Trx-dependent system efficiency, and increasing vitamin A and E levels. Consequently, a reduction in lipid peroxidation products, such as 8-isoprostanes and 4-hydroxynonenal, was also observed. Moreover, CBD modifies redox balance and lipid peroxidation in psoriatic patient keratinocytes following UV-irradiation. Interestingly, these changes are largely in the opposite direction to the case of keratinocytes from healthy subjects. CBD also regulates metabolic changes by modulating the endocannabinoid system that is disturbed by psoriasis development and UV irradiation. We observed a decrease in anandamide level in the UV-irradiated keratinocytes of healthy controls following CBD treatment, while in keratinocytes from patients treated with CBD, anandamide level was increased. However, the level of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) was decreased in both groups treated with CBD. We further demonstrate that CBD increases CB1 receptor expression, primarily in the keratinocytes of patients, and increases CB2 receptor expression in both the psoriatic and control groups. However, CBD decreases CB2 receptor expression in UV-irradiated keratinocytes taken from patients. The UV- and psoriasis-induced activity of transmembrane transporters (Multidrug-Resistance (MDR) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)) is normalized after CBD treatment. We conclude that CBD partially reduces oxidative stress in the keratinocytes of healthy individuals, while showing a tendency to increase the oxidative and inflammatory state in the keratinocytes of patients with psoriasis, especially following UV-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (I.J.-K.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (I.J.-K.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Adam Wroński
- Dermatological Specialized Center “DERMAL” NZOZ in Bialystok, 15-453 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (I.J.-K.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (I.J.-K.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-857485882
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Remiszewski P, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Biernacki M, Jastrząb A, Schlicker E, Toczek M, Harasim-Symbor E, Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Malinowska B. Chronic Cannabidiol Administration Fails to Diminish Blood Pressure in Rats with Primary and Secondary Hypertension Despite Its Effects on Cardiac and Plasma Endocannabinoid System, Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1295. [PMID: 32075117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of cannabidiol (CBD) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in spontaneously (SHR) and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats. Hypertension was connected with increases in cardiac and plasma markers of lipid peroxidation in both models, whereas cardiac endocannabinoid levels decreased in SHR and increased in DOCA-salt. CBD (10 mg/kg once a day for 2 weeks) did not modify BP and HR in hypertension but counteracted pro-oxidant effects. Moreover, it decreased cardiac or plasma levels of anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and oleoyl ethanolamide in DOCA-salt and inhibited the activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in both models. In the respective normotensive control rats, CBD increased lipid peroxidation, free fatty acid levels and FAAH activity. In conclusion, chronic CBD administration does not possess antihypertensive activity in a model of primary and secondary (DOCA-salt) hypertension, despite its antioxidant effect. The latter may be direct rather than based on the endocannabinoid system. The unexpected CBD-related increase in lipid peroxidation in normotensive controls may lead to untoward effects; thus, caution should be kept if CBD is used therapeutically.
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Atalay S, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Skrzydlewska E. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:E21. [PMID: 31881765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main pharmacologically active phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. CBD is non-psychoactive but exerts a number of beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The chemistry and pharmacology of CBD, as well as various molecular targets, including cannabinoid receptors and other components of the endocannabinoid system with which it interacts, have been extensively studied. In addition, preclinical and clinical studies have contributed to our understanding of the therapeutic potential of CBD for many diseases, including diseases associated with oxidative stress. Here, we review the main biological effects of CBD, and its synthetic derivatives, focusing on the cellular, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of CBD.
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Zádor F, Nagy-Grócz G, Kekesi G, Dvorácskó S, Szűcs E, Tömböly C, Horvath G, Benyhe S, Vécsei L. Kynurenines and the Endocannabinoid System in Schizophrenia: Common Points and Potential Interactions. Molecules 2019; 24:E3709. [PMID: 31619006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, which affects around 1% of the world’s population, has been described as a complex set of symptoms triggered by multiple factors. However, the exact background mechanisms remain to be explored, whereas therapeutic agents with excellent effectivity and safety profiles have yet to be developed. Kynurenines and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) play significant roles in both the development and manifestation of schizophrenia, which have been extensively studied and reviewed previously. Accordingly, kynurenines and the ECS share multiple features and mechanisms in schizophrenia, which have yet to be reviewed. Thus, the present study focuses on the main common points and potential interactions between kynurenines and the ECS in schizophrenia, which include (i) the regulation of glutamatergic/dopaminergic/γ-aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission, (ii) their presence in astrocytes, and (iii) their role in inflammatory mechanisms. Additionally, promising pharmaceutical approaches involving the kynurenine pathway and the ECS will be reviewed herein.
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Jastrząb A, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Cannabidiol Regulates the Expression of Keratinocyte Proteins Involved in the Inflammation Process through Transcriptional Regulation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080827. [PMID: 31382646 PMCID: PMC6721680 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a natural phytocannabinoid without psychoactive effect, is a well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound. The possibility of its use in cytoprotection of cells from harmful factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is an area of ongoing investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CBD on the regulatory mechanisms associated with the redox balance and inflammation in keratinocytes irradiated with UVA [30 J/cm2] and UVB [60 mJ/cm2]. Spectrophotometric results show that CBD significantly enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin reductase in UV irradiated keratinocytes. Furthermore, despite decreased glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, CBD prevents lipid peroxidation, which was observed as a decreased level of 4-HNE and 15d-PGJ2 (measured using GC/MS and LC/MS). Moreover, Western blot analysis of protein levels shows that, under stress conditions, CBD influences interactions of transcription factors Nrf2- NFκB by inhibiting the NFκB pathway, increasing the expression of Nrf2 activators and stimulating the transcription activity of Nrf2. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity of CBD through Nrf2 activation as well as its anti-inflammatory properties as an inhibitor of NFκB should be considered during design of new protective treatments for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jastrząb
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-089, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-089, Poland.
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Roberts BA. Legalized Cannabis in Colorado Emergency Departments: A Cautionary Review of Negative Health and Safety Effects. West J Emerg Med 2019; 20:557-572. [PMID: 31316694 PMCID: PMC6625695 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.4.39935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis legalization has led to significant health consequences, particularly to patients in emergency departments and hospitals in Colorado. The most concerning include psychosis, suicide, and other substance abuse. Deleterious effects on the brain include decrements in complex decision-making, which may not be reversible with abstinence. Increases in fatal motor vehicle collisions, adverse effects on cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, inadvertent pediatric exposures, cannabis contaminants exposing users to infectious agents, heavy metals, and pesticides, and hash-oil burn injuries in preparation of drug concentrates have been documented. Cannabis dispensary workers (“budtenders”) without medical training are giving medical advice that may be harmful to patients. Cannabis research may offer novel treatment of seizures, spasticity from multiple sclerosis, nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, chronic pain, improvements in cardiovascular outcomes, and sleep disorders. Progress has been slow due to absent standards for chemical composition of cannabis products and limitations on research imposed by federal classification of cannabis as illegal. Given these factors and the Colorado experience, other states should carefully evaluate whether and how to decriminalize or legalize non-medical cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Roberts
- University of New Mexico, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico Partner, Southern Colorado Emergency Medicine Associates, Pueblo, Colorado
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Richards JR, Singh GD, Parikh AK, Venugopal S. Acute coronary syndrome after cannabis use: Correlation with quantitative toxicology testing. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:1007.e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Neuroinflammation in hypertension: the renin-angiotensin system versus pro-resolution pathways. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:279-291. [PMID: 31039397 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overstimulation of the pro-inflammatory pathways within brain areas responsible for sympathetic outflow is well evidenced as a primary contributing factor to the establishment and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. However, the precise mechanisms and stimuli responsible for promoting a pro-inflammatory state are not fully elucidated. Recent work has unveiled novel compounds derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which actively regulate the resolution of inflammation. Failure or dysregulation of the resolution process has been linked to a variety of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the pathologic role of neuroinflammation in the hypertensive state, SPMs and their associated pathways may provide a link between hypertension and the long-standing association of dietary ω-3 PUFAs with cardioprotection. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the RAS-driven pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension, particularly in regards to the chronic low-grade neuroinflammatory response. In addition, we examine the potential for an impaired resolution of inflammation process in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Elisabeth Mowry
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA; Center for Neurosciences Research Initiative, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Richards
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mary L. Bing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Aimee K. Moulin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W. Elder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert T. Rominski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Phillip J. Summers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Erik G. Laurin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Puhl SL. Cannabinoid-sensitive receptors in cardiac physiology and ischaemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2019; 1867:118462. [PMID: 30890410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The classical cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 as well as the cannabinoid-sensitive receptor GPR55 are widely distributed throughout the mammalian body. In the cardiovascular field, CB1 and CB2 crucially impact on diseases characterized by inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. Both receptors and their endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are up-regulated in the ischaemic heart in humans and animal models. Pharmacological and genetic interventions with CB1 and CB2 vitally affect acute ischaemia-induced cardiac inflammation. Herein, CB1 rather aggravates the inflammatory response whereas CB2 mitigates inflammation via directly affecting immune cell attraction, macrophage polarization and lymphocyte clusters in the pericardial adipose tissue. Furthermore, cannabinoids and their receptors affect numerous cardiac risk factors. In this context, cannabis consumption is debated to trigger arrhythmias and even myocardial infarction. Moreover, CB1 activation is linked to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism and therefore obesity and diabetes, while its antagonism leads to the reduction of plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, insulin and glucose. On the other hand, activation of cannabinoid-sensitive receptors can also counteract unfavourable predictors for cardiovascular diseases. In particular, hypertension can be mitigated via CB1 agonism and impaired adrenoceptor responsiveness prevented by functional GPR55. Taken together, current insights identify the cannabinoid system as promising target not only to therapeutically interfere with the vasculature, but also to affect the heart as target organ. This review discusses current knowledge regarding a direct cardiac role of the cannabinoid system and points out its feasible therapeutic manipulation in the ischaemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Lena Puhl
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Biernacki M, Ambrożewicz E, Gęgotek A, Toczek M, Skrzydlewska E. Long-term administration of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor (URB597) to rats with spontaneous hypertension disturbs liver redox balance and phospholipid metabolism. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:15-23. [PMID: 30243113 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of chronic administration of [3-(3-carbamoylphenyl)phenyl] N-cyclohexylcarbamate (URB597), inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) that hydrolyzes anandamide, on cross-talk between endocannabinoid system, oxidative status and pro-inflammatory factors in the liver of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS Experiments were conducted using SHRs and normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats treated by intraperitoneal injection with URB597 for 14 days. The biochemical parameters were assayed in the rat's livers. RESULTS In the liver of SHRs an increase in endocannabinoids level, the activity of enzymes degrading them and expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) receptor as well as a decrease in the expression of the CB1 and vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) were shown. These changes were related to inflammatory conditions as well as oxidative stress resulting from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to enhanced activity of enzymes generating ROS accompanied by decrease in the effectiveness of transcription activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2 and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as level of glutathione and vitamins. Chronic administration of URB597 to SHRs caused a decrease in FAAH activity and an increase in anandamide and N-arachidonoyl-dopamine level as well as a decrease in CB2 and an increase in TRPV1 receptor expression. The levels/activities of pro- and antioxidant and inflammatory factors tended to normalize, but phospholipid peroxidation and DNA modifications were increased. CONCLUSION In conclusion, long-term chronic administration of URB597 to SHRs by altering interactions between endocannabinoid and redox systems enhances some liver metabolic disturbances observed in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Ambrożewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Buchheim JI, Matzel S, Rykova M, Vassilieva G, Ponomarev S, Nichiporuk I, Hörl M, Moser D, Biere K, Feuerecker M, Schelling G, Thieme D, Kaufmann I, Thiel M, Choukèr A. Stress Related Shift Toward Inflammaging in Cosmonauts After Long-Duration Space Flight. Front Physiol 2019; 10:85. [PMID: 30873038 PMCID: PMC6401618 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Space flight exerts a specific conglomerate of stressors on humans that can modulate the immune system. The mechanism remains to be elucidated and the consequences for cosmonauts in the long term are unclear. Most of the current research stems from short-term spaceflights as well as pre- and post-flight analyses due to operational limitations. Immune function of 12 cosmonauts participating in a long-duration (>140 days) spaceflight mission was monitored pre-, post-, and on two time-points in-flight. While the classical markers for stress such as cortisol in saliva where not significantly altered, blood concentrations of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) were found to be highly increased in-flight indicating a biological stress response. Moreover, subjects showed a significant rise in white blood cell counts. Neutrophils, monocytes and B cells increased by 50% whereas NK cells dropped by nearly 60% shortly after landing. Analysis of blood smears showed that lymphocyte percentages, though unchanged pre- and post-flight were elevated in-flight. Functional tests on the ground revealed stable cellular glutathione levels, unaltered baseline and stimulated ROS release in neutrophils but an increased shedding of L-selectin post-flight. In vitro stimulation of whole blood samples with fungal antigen showed a highly amplified TNF and IL-1β response. Furthermore, a significant reduction in CD4+CD25+CD27low regulatory T cells was observed post-flight but returned to normal levels after one month. Concomitantly, high in-flight levels of regulatory cytokines TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-1ra dropped rapidly after return to Earth. Finally, we observed a shift in the CD8+ T cell repertoire toward CD8+ memory cells that lasted even one month after return to Earth. Conclusion: Long-duration spaceflight triggered a sustained stress dependent release of endocannabinoids combined with an aberrant immune activation mimicking features of people at risk for inflammation related diseases. These effects persisted in part 30 days after return to Earth. The currently available repertoire of in-flight testing as well as the post-flight observation periods need to be expanded to tackle the underlying mechanism for and consequences of these immune changes in order to develop corresponding mitigation strategies based on a personalized approach for future interplanetary space explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith-Irina Buchheim
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Matzel
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Rykova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Vassilieva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Ponomarev
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Nichiporuk
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marion Hörl
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominique Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Biere
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Feuerecker
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Detlef Thieme
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Kaufmann
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Munich-Neuperlach, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukèr
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany
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Li M, Wang D, Bi W, Jiang ZE, Piao R, Yu H. N-Palmitoylethanolamide Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rats: Involvement of PPAR α Pathway in the Hippocampus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:163-172. [PMID: 30635472 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endocannabinoid-like molecule, participates in controlling behaviors associated with mental disorders as an endogenous neuroprotective factor. On the basis of accumulating evidence and our previous data, we tested the hypothesis that the antidepressant-like effects of PEA observed during chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) are mediated by possible targets in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) pathway. In this study, rats were subjected to 35 days of CUMS and treated with drugs such as PEA (2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg/kg, by mouth), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, by mouth), or the combination of PEA and MK886 (1-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-3-[(1,1-dimethylethyl) thio]-α,α-dimethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indole-2-propanoic acid). After behavioral tests, the animals were sacrificed and their hippocampi were dissected for subsequent studies. PEA normalized weight gain, sucrose preferences, locomotor activity in an open-field test, and levels of the PPARα mRNA and protein in the hippocampus, and it reduced serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) levels in rats subjected to CUMS. PEA reversed the abnormal levels of several oxidative stress biomarkers and increased the concentrations of two neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus of CUMS-induced rats. In addition, PEA alleviated the decrease in hippocampal weight. However, the aforementioned effects of PEA were completely or partially abolished by MK886, a selective PPARα antagonist. On the basis of these findings, the PPARα pathway in the hippocampus is a possible target of the antidepressant effects of PEA, and the maintenance of a stable hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the antioxidant defenses, and normalization of neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Departments of Functional Science (M.L., W.B., Z.-e.J., R.P., H.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.W.), College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Departments of Functional Science (M.L., W.B., Z.-e.J., R.P., H.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.W.), College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Wenpeng Bi
- Departments of Functional Science (M.L., W.B., Z.-e.J., R.P., H.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.W.), College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Er Jiang
- Departments of Functional Science (M.L., W.B., Z.-e.J., R.P., H.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.W.), College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Rilong Piao
- Departments of Functional Science (M.L., W.B., Z.-e.J., R.P., H.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.W.), College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Yu
- Departments of Functional Science (M.L., W.B., Z.-e.J., R.P., H.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.W.), College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
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Drori A, Permyakova A, Hadar R, Udi S, Nemirovski A, Tam J. Cannabinoid-1 receptor regulates mitochondrial dynamics and function in renal proximal tubular cells. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:146-159. [PMID: 30091204 PMCID: PMC6586028 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the specific role of the endocannabinoid/cannabinoid type-1 (CB1 R) system in modulating mitochondrial dynamics in the metabolically active renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized mitochondrially-targeted GFP in live cells (wild-type and null for the CB1 R) and electron microscopy in kidney sections of RPTC-CB1 R-/- mice and their littermate controls. In both in vitro and in vivo conditions, we assessed the ability of CB1 R agonism or fatty acid flux to modulate mitochondrial architecture and function. RESULTS Direct stimulation of CB1 R resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation in RPTCs. This process was mediated, at least in part, by modulating the phosphorylation levels of the canonical fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 on both S637 and S616 residues. CB1 R-induced mitochondrial fission was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, as documented by reduced oxygen consumption and ATP production, increased reactive oxygen species and cellular lactate levels, as well as a decline in mitochondrial biogenesis. Likewise, we documented that exposure of RPTCs to a fatty acid flux induced CB1 R-dependent mitochondrial fission, lipotoxicity and cellular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS CB1 R plays a key role in inducing mitochondrial fragmentation in RPTCs, leading to a decline in the organelle's function and contributing to the renal tubular injury associated with lipotoxicity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Anna Permyakova
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rivka Hadar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Wengrofsky P, Mubarak G, Shim A, Kariyanna PT, Buzidkowski A, Schwartz J, McFarlane SI. Recurrent STEMI Precipitated by Marijuana Use: Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Med Case Rep 2018; 6:163-8. [PMID: 30294673 DOI: 10.12691/ajmcr-6-8-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Marijuana abuse is rapidly growing and currently it is the most coimnon drug of abuse in the United States due to increased legalization for recreational and medicinal use. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannibol, the main psychoactive compound in marijuana, acts via the endocannabinoid system to elicit various cardiovascular physiological effects, and has been associated with many adverse cardiovascular effects such as acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death that have previously been reported by our group and others. We present a case of a 30-year-old African-American male with no cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with recurrent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) whose coronary angiography revealed recurrent 100% occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in the setting of marijuana smoking. It was the patient's third STEMI with 100% occlusion of the LAD with each STEMI secondary to thrombosis of a different region of the LAD. Marijuana use was confirmed by urine toxicology screening at each STEMI presentation. Coronary angiography on multiple occasions was negative for stenosis of other epicardial coronary arteries, and coronary calcimn scoring was zero. Evaluation for other cardiovascular risk factors including family history of premature coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypercoagulable disorders was negative. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of marijuana-associated coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction.
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Ambrożewicz E, Wójcik P, Wroński A, Łuczaj W, Jastrząb A, Žarković N, Skrzydlewska E. Pathophysiological Alterations of Redox Signaling and Endocannabinoid System in Granulocytes and Plasma of Psoriatic Patients. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100159. [PMID: 30301214 PMCID: PMC6210326 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory granulocytes are characterized by an oxidative burst, which may promote oxidative stress and lipid modification both in affected tissues and on a systemic level. On the other hand, redox signaling involving lipid peroxidation products acting as second messengers of free radicals play important yet not fully understood roles in the pathophysiology of inflammation and various stress-associated disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the onset of oxidative stress and alterations of enzyme-dependent lipid metabolism resulting from redox imbalance in granulocytes and plasma obtained from patients with psoriasis vulgaris or psoriatic arthritis in comparison to the healthy subjects. The results obtained revealed enhanced activity of pro-oxidant enzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and xanthine oxidases in granulocytes with a decrease of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the plasma of psoriatic patients. The nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its regulators were increased in both forms of psoriasis while heme oxygenase 1 levels were increased only in psoriasis vulgaris. The redox imbalance was associated with decreased levels of phospholipids and of free polyunsaturated fatty acids but with enhanced activity of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (phospholipase A2, acetylhydrolase PAF, cyclooxygenases 1 and 2) and increased lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal, isoprostanes, and neuroprostanes. Increased endocannabinoids and G protein-coupled receptor 55 were observed in both forms of the disease while expression of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) was increased only in patients with psoriatic arthritis, which is opposite to the cannabinoid type 2 receptor. This receptor was increased only in psoriasis vulgaris. Changes in protein expression promoted the apoptosis of granulocytes by increased caspases mainly in psoriasis vulgaris. This study indicates that inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway in psoriatic arthritis promotes a redox imbalance. In addition, increased expression of CB1 receptors leads to increased oxidative stress, lipid modifications, and inflammation, which, in turn, may promote the progression of psoriasis into the advanced, arthritic form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ambrożewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adam Wroński
- Dermatological Specialized Center "DERMAL" NZOZ in Bialystok, 15-453 Bialystok Poland.
| | - Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Jastrząb
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Neven Žarković
- LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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Miranda RA, De Almeida MM, Rocha CPDD, de Brito Fassarella L, De Souza LL, Souza AFP, Andrade CBV, Fortunato RS, Pazos-Moura CC, Trevenzoli IH. Maternal high-fat diet consumption induces sex-dependent alterations of the endocannabinoid system and redox homeostasis in liver of adult rat offspring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14751. [PMID: 30282988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet plays a critical role in health development. Perinatal overnutrition induces metabolic dysfunctions and obesity in the offspring. Obesity is associated with endocannabinoid system (ECS) over activation and oxidative stress. Liver ECS activation induces hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis while the antagonism of cannabinoid receptors ameliorates these alterations. Here, we investigated the effect of perinatal maternal high-fat diet (HF, 29% of calories as fat) on the ECS and antioxidant system in liver of male and female adult rat offspring (180 days old). Maternal HF diet increased hepatic cannabinoid receptors, ECS metabolizing enzymes and triglyceride content, with male offspring more affected. ECS changes are likely independent of estradiol serum levels but associated with increased hepatic content of estrogen receptor, which can stimulate the expression of ECS components. Differently, maternal HF diet decreased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and increased oxidative stress markers in both sexes. Alterations in the redox homeostasis were associated with mitochondria damage but not with liver fibrosis. Our data suggest that maternal HF diet induces ECS over activation in adulthood, and that male offspring are at higher risk to develop liver disease compared with female rats.
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Biernacki M, Łuczaj W, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Ambrożewicz E, Toczek M, Skrzydlewska E. The Effect of Long-Term Administration of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitor URB597 on Oxidative Metabolism in the Heart of Rats with Primary and Secondary Hypertension. Molecules 2018; 23:E2350. [PMID: 30223427 PMCID: PMC6225141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor [3-(3-carbamoylphenyl)phenyl] N-cyclohexylcarbamate (URB597) may influence redox balance and blood pressure through the modulation of endocannabinoids levels. Therefore, this study aimed to compare changes in oxidative metabolism and apoptosis in the hearts of rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR) and secondary hypertension (11-deoxycorticosterone acetate; DOCA-salt rats) treated by URB597 via intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. The results showed that URB597 decreased the activity of NADPH and xanthine oxidases in both groups of rats. Moreover, in the heart of SHR rats, URB597 led to an increase of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity and levels (catalase, vitamin C, glutathione/glutathione disulfide [GSH/GSSG]) and upregulation of the thioredoxin system; however, NRf2 expression was downregulated. The opposite effect in relation to Nrf2 activity and the thioredoxin system was observed in DOCA-salt rats after URB597 administration. Despite improvement in antioxidant parameters, URB597 enhanced oxidative modifications of phospholipids (4-hydroxynonenal and isoprostanes) and proteins (carbonyl groups) in SHR heart, whereas 4-hydroxynonenal and carbonyl groups levels decreased in the heart of DOCA-salt rats. Obtained results suggest that examined lipid mediators are involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-independent and PPAR-dependent modulation of cardiac inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase 3 and 9) was observed after URB597 administration in the heart of both groups of hypertensive rats, whereas expression of the antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2) increased in SHR rats. Long-term administration of URB597 altered cardiac redox status depending on the type of hypertension. URB597 enhanced oxidative metabolism and reduced pro-apoptotic factors in the heart of SHR rats, increasing the probability of heart metabolic disorders occurrence or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ambrożewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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Biernacki M, Malinowska B, Timoszuk M, Toczek M, Jastrząb A, Remiszewski P, Skrzydlewska E. Hypertension and chronic inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation modify the endocannabinoid system and redox balance in rat heart and plasma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 138:54-63. [PMID: 30201316 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between the endocannabinoid and ROS signaling systems has been demonstrated in different organs. Inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the key enzyme responsible for degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide, are postulated to possess anti-hypertensive potential. Here, we compared the effects of hypertension and chronic FAAH inhibition by URB597 on the endocannabinoid system and redox balance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and hypertensive deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats. Enhanced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were found in both hypertension models. Hypertension affected cardiac and plasma endocannabinoid systems in a model-dependent manner: anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels decreased in SHR and increased in DOCA-salt. Cardiac CB1 receptor expression increased in both models while higher CB2 receptor expression was only in DOCA-salt. URB597 increased endocannabinoid levels in both models but produced the partial reduction of oxidative stress in DOCA-salt but not in SHR. Notably, URB597 decreased antioxidant defense and increased lipid peroxidation products in normotension. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of FAAH inhibitors should be interpreted cautiously.
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