1
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Remco Hartkamp
- Process & Energy, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
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2
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Jung SY, Jeong J, Park JD, Ahn KH. Interplay between particulate fouling and its flow disturbance: Numerical and experimental studies. J Memb Sci 2021; 635:119497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Li H, Sampani K, Zheng X, Papageorgiou DP, Yazdani A, Bernabeu MO, Karniadakis GE, Sun JK. Predictive modelling of thrombus formation in diabetic retinal microaneurysms. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:201102. [PMID: 32968536 PMCID: PMC7481715 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microaneurysms (MAs) are one of the earliest clinically visible signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Vision can be reduced at any stage of DR by MAs, which may enlarge, rupture and leak fluid into the neural retina. Recent advances in ophthalmic imaging techniques enable reconstruction of the geometries of MAs and quantification of the corresponding haemodynamic metrics, such as shear rate and wall shear stress, but there is lack of computational models that can predict thrombus formation in individual MAs. In this study, we couple a particle model to a continuum model to simulate the platelet aggregation in MAs with different shapes. Our simulation results show that under a physiologically relevant blood flow rate, thrombosis is more pronounced in saccular-shaped MAs than fusiform-shaped MAs, in agreement with recent clinical findings. Our model predictions of the size and shape of the thrombi in MAs are consistent with experimental observations, suggesting that our model is capable of predicting the formation of thrombus for newly detected MAs. This is the first quantitative study of thrombosis in MAs through simulating platelet aggregation, and our results suggest that computational models can be used to predict initiation and development of intraluminal thrombus in MAs as well as provide insights into their role in the pathophysiology of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoning Zheng
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Dimitrios P. Papageorgiou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alireza Yazdani
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Miguel O. Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jennifer K. Sun
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Yi Y, Tamagawa M. Development of a novel hybrid method combining finite difference method and dissipative particle dynamics to simulate thrombus formation on orifice flow. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:611-626. [PMID: 32310682 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1755274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In our previous works, the transport of activated platelets (APs) on orifice flow has been simulated by finite difference method (FDM). And the distribution of AP concentration on the flow was obtained. However, the effect of platelet aggregation on the distribution of AP concentration can't be investigated by FDM because FDM can't simulate platelet aggregation. On the other hand, platelet aggregation has been simulated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). In this paper, a hybrid method combining FDM and DPD is proposed to investigate the effect of platelet aggregation on the distribution of AP concentration. And the hybrid method is used to simulate thrombus formation on orifice flow. As for the effect of platelet aggregation, it is found that the distribution of AP concentration in the hybrid method is different from the distribution in FDM at the places of platelet aggregation. It is considered that the difference is induced by platelet aggregation. As for the distribution of thrombus, higher AP concentration and more aggregated APs are found around the reattachment point and in the recirculation area. It is considered that thrombus is mainly distributed at these places in the simulation. And according to our previous experimental results, thrombus is mainly distributed around the reattachment point and in the recirculation area. It is concluded that the effect of platelet aggregation on the distribution of AP concentration can be investigated by the hybrid method, and the computational results agree with our previous experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yi
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - M Tamagawa
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
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5
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Waheed W, Alazzam A, Al-Khateeb AN, Abu-Nada E. Multiple Particle Manipulation under Dielectrophoresis Effect: Modeling and Experiments. Langmuir 2020; 36:3016-3028. [PMID: 32142298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) technique was employed to design multiple microfluidic devices for investigating the motion of bioparticles at low Reynolds numbers. A DPD in-house FORTRAN code was developed to simulate the trajectories of two microparticles in the presence of hydrodynamic and transverse deflecting force fields via considering interparticle interaction forces. The particle-particle interactions were described by using a simplified version of the Morse potential. The transverse deflecting force considered in this microfluidic application was the dielectrophoresis (DEP) force. Multiple microfluidic devices with different configurations of microelectrodes were numerically designed to investigate the dielectrophoretic behavior of bioparticles for their trajectories and the focusing of bioparticles into a single stream in the middle of the microchannel. The DPD simulation results were verified and validated against previously reported numerical and experimental works in the literature. The computationally designed microdevices were fabricated by employing standard lithographic techniques, and experiments were conducted via taking red blood cells as the representative bioparticles. The experimental results for the trajectories and focusing showed good agreement with the numerical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Waheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- System on Chip Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Ashraf N Al-Khateeb
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Eiyad Abu-Nada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
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6
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Yesudasan S, Averett RD. Recent advances in computational modeling of fibrin clot formation: A review. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 83:107148. [PMID: 31751883 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of thrombosis and hemostasis is crucial for understanding and developing new therapies for pathologies such as deep vein thrombosis, diabetes related strokes, pulmonary embolisms, and hemorrhaging related diseases. In the last two decades, an exponential growth in studies related to fibrin clot formation using computational tools has been observed. Despite this growth, the complete mechanism behind thrombus formation and hemostasis has been long and rife with obstacles; however, significant progress has been made in the present century. The computational models and methods used in this context are diversified into different spatiotemporal scales, yet there is no single model which can predict both physiological and mechanical properties of fibrin clots. In this review, we list the major strategies employed by researchers in modeling fibrin clot formation using recent and existing computational techniques. This review organizes the computational strategies into continuum level, system level, discrete particle (DPD), and multi-scale methods. We also discuss strengths and weaknesses of various methods and future directions in which computational modeling of fibrin clots can advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumith Yesudasan
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, 597 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Rodney D Averett
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, 597 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602.
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7
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Xu S, Xu Z, Kim OV, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW, Alber M. Model predictions of deformation, embolization and permeability of partially obstructive blood clots under variable shear flow. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0441. [PMID: 29142014 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolism, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is characterized by formation of obstructive intravascular clots (thrombi) and their mechanical breakage (embolization). A novel two-dimensional multi-phase computational model is introduced that describes active interactions between the main components of the clot, including platelets and fibrin, to study the impact of various physiologically relevant blood shear flow conditions on deformation and embolization of a partially obstructive clot with variable permeability. Simulations provide new insights into mechanisms underlying clot stability and embolization that cannot be studied experimentally at this time. In particular, model simulations, calibrated using experimental intravital imaging of an established arteriolar clot, show that flow-induced changes in size, shape and internal structure of the clot are largely determined by two shear-dependent mechanisms: reversible attachment of platelets to the exterior of the clot and removal of large clot pieces. Model simulations predict that blood clots with higher permeability are more prone to embolization with enhanced disintegration under increasing shear rate. In contrast, less permeable clots are more resistant to rupture due to shear rate-dependent clot stiffening originating from enhanced platelet adhesion and aggregation. These results can be used in future to predict risk of thromboembolism based on the data about composition, permeability and deformability of a clot under specific local haemodynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Xu
- Department of Mathematics, Division of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Oleg V Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Division of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark Alber
- Department of Mathematics, Division of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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8
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Ngoepe MN, Frangi AF, Byrne JV, Ventikos Y. Thrombosis in Cerebral Aneurysms and the Computational Modeling Thereof: A Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:306. [PMID: 29670533 PMCID: PMC5893827 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a condition closely related to cerebral aneurysms and controlled thrombosis is the main purpose of endovascular embolization treatment. The mechanisms governing thrombus initiation and evolution in cerebral aneurysms have not been fully elucidated and this presents challenges for interventional planning. Significant effort has been directed towards developing computational methods aimed at streamlining the interventional planning process for unruptured cerebral aneurysm treatment. Included in these methods are computational models of thrombus development following endovascular device placement. The main challenge with developing computational models for thrombosis in disease cases is that there exists a wide body of literature that addresses various aspects of the clotting process, but it may not be obvious what information is of direct consequence for what modeling purpose (e.g., for understanding the effect of endovascular therapies). The aim of this review is to present the information so it will be of benefit to the community attempting to model cerebral aneurysm thrombosis for interventional planning purposes, in a simplified yet appropriate manner. The paper begins by explaining current understanding of physiological coagulation and highlights the documented distinctions between the physiological process and cerebral aneurysm thrombosis. Clinical observations of thrombosis following endovascular device placement are then presented. This is followed by a section detailing the demands placed on computational models developed for interventional planning. Finally, existing computational models of thrombosis are presented. This last section begins with description and discussion of physiological computational clotting models, as they are of immense value in understanding how to construct a general computational model of clotting. This is then followed by a review of computational models of clotting in cerebral aneurysms, specifically. Even though some progress has been made towards computational predictions of thrombosis following device placement in cerebral aneurysms, many gaps still remain. Answering the key questions will require the combined efforts of the clinical, experimental and computational communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malebogo N Ngoepe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for High Performance Computing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - James V Byrne
- Department of Neuroradiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Ventikos
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Tsiklidis E, Sims C, Sinno T, Diamond SL. Multiscale systems biology of trauma-induced coagulopathy. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2018; 10:e1418. [PMID: 29485252 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Trauma with hypovolemic shock is an extreme pathological state that challenges the body to maintain blood pressure and oxygenation in the face of hemorrhagic blood loss. In conjunction with surgical actions and transfusion therapy, survival requires the patient's blood to maintain hemostasis to stop bleeding. The physics of the problem are multiscale: (a) the systemic circulation sets the global blood pressure in response to blood loss and resuscitation therapy, (b) local tissue perfusion is altered by localized vasoregulatory mechanisms and bleeding, and (c) altered blood and vessel biology resulting from the trauma as well as local hemodynamics control the assembly of clotting components at the site of injury. Building upon ongoing modeling efforts to simulate arterial or venous thrombosis in a diseased vasculature, computer simulation of trauma-induced coagulopathy is an emerging approach to understand patient risk and predict response. Despite uncertainties in quantifying the patient's dynamic injury burden, multiscale systems biology may help link blood biochemistry at the molecular level to multiorgan responses in the bleeding patient. As an important goal of systems modeling, establishing early metrics of a patient's high-dimensional trajectory may help guide transfusion therapy or warn of subsequent later stage bleeding or thrombotic risks. This article is categorized under: Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Tsiklidis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carrie Sims
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Talid Sinno
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Bouchnita A, Miossec P, Tosenberger A, Volpert V. Modeling of the effects of IL-17 and TNF-α on endothelial cells and thrombus growth. C R Biol 2017; 340:456-473. [PMID: 29195855 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis are chronic inflammatory diseases, with massive increase of cardiovascular events (CVE), and contribution of the cytokines TNF-α and IL-17. Chronic inflammation inside the joint membrane or synovium results from the activation of fibroblasts/synoviocytes, and leads to the release of cytokines from monocytes (Tumor Necrosis Factor or TNF) and from T lymphocytes (Interleukin-17 or IL-17). At the systemic level, the very same cytokines affect endothelial cells and vessel wall. We have previously shown [1,2] that IL-17 and TNF-α, specifically when combined, increase procoagulation, decrease anticoagulation and increase platelet aggregation, leading to thrombosis. These results are the basis for the models of interactions between IL-17 and TNF, and genes expressed by activated endothelial cells. This work is devoted to mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of blood coagulation and clot growth under the influence of IL-17 and TNF-α. We show that they can provoke thrombosis, leading to the complete or partial occlusion of blood vessels. The regimes of blood coagulation and conditions of occlusion are investigated in numerical simulations and in approximate analytical models. The results of mathematical modeling allow us to predict thrombosis development for an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Bouchnita
- Laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive (LBBE), UMR 5558 CNRS, Université Lyon-1, 69376 Lyon, France; Mohammadia School of Engineering (EMI), Université Mohammed-V, 10080 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation, Research Unit EA 4130, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Alen Tosenberger
- Unité de chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des sciences, Université ibre de Bruxelles (ULB), campus Plaine, CP 231, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Vitaly Volpert
- Institut Camille-Jordan (ICJ), UMR 5208 CNRS, Université Lyon-1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Intitut national de recherche en informatique et automatique (INRIA), Team Dracula, INRIA Lyon La Doua, 69603 Villeurbanne, France; RUDN University, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Bouchnita A, Galochkina T, Kurbatova P, Nony P, Volpert V. Conditions of microvessel occlusion for blood coagulation in flow. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2017; 33:e2850. [PMID: 27863131 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vessel occlusion is a perturbation of blood flow inside a blood vessel because of the fibrin clot formation. As a result, blood circulation in the vessel can be slowed down or even stopped. This can provoke the risk of cardiovascular events. In order to explore this phenomenon, we used a previously developed mathematical model of blood clotting to describe the concentrations of blood factors with a reaction-diffusion system of equations. The Navier-Stokes equations were used to model blood flow, and we treated the clot as a porous medium. We identify the conditions of partial or complete occlusion in a small vessel depending on various physical and physiological parameters. In particular, we were interested in the conditions on blood flow and diameter of the wounded area. The existence of a critical flow velocity separating the regimes of partial and complete occlusion was demonstrated through the mathematical investigation of a simplified model of thrombin wave propagation in Poiseuille flow. We observed different regimes of vessel occlusion depending on the model parameters both for the numerical simulations and in the theoretical study. Then, we compared the rate of clot growth in flow obtained in the simulations with experimental data. Both of them showed the existence of different regimes of clot growth depending on the velocity of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouchnita
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Lyon, 69376, France
- Laboratory of Study and Research in Applied Mathematics, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - T Galochkina
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal Medical & Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Kurbatova
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Lyon, 69376, France
| | - P Nony
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Lyon, 69376, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - V Volpert
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
- INRIA Team Dracula, INRIA Lyon La Doua, 69603 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire Poncelet, UMI 2615 CNRS, Bolshoy Vlasyevskiy Pereulok 11, 119002 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Hosseinzadegan H, Tafti DK. Modeling thrombus formation and growth. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2154-2172. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hosseinzadegan
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 213E Goodwin Hall ‐ 0238, 635 Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVirginia24061
| | - Danesh K. Tafti
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 213E Goodwin Hall ‐ 0238, 635 Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVirginia24061
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D.C. Casa
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;,
| | - David N. Ku
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;,
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14
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Abstract
The systems analysis of thrombosis seeks to quantitatively predict blood function in a given vascular wall and hemodynamic context. Relevant to both venous and arterial thrombosis, a Blood Systems Biology approach should provide metrics for rate and molecular mechanisms of clot growth, thrombotic risk, pharmacological response, and utility of new therapeutic targets. As a rapidly created multicellular aggregate with a polymerized fibrin matrix, blood clots result from hundreds of unique reactions within and around platelets propagating in space and time under hemodynamic conditions. Coronary artery thrombosis is dominated by atherosclerotic plaque rupture, complex pulsatile flows through stenotic regions producing high wall shear stresses, and plaque-derived tissue factor driving thrombin production. In contrast, venous thrombosis is dominated by stasis or depressed flows, endothelial inflammation, white blood cell-derived tissue factor, and ample red blood cell incorporation. By imaging vessels, patient-specific assessment using computational fluid dynamics provides an estimate of local hemodynamics and fractional flow reserve. High-dimensional ex vivo phenotyping of platelet and coagulation can now power multiscale computer simulations at the subcellular to cellular to whole vessel scale of heart attacks or strokes. In addition, an integrated systems biology approach can rank safety and efficacy metrics of various pharmacological interventions or clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Diamond
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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15
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Feng ZG, Cortina M, Chesnutt JKW, Han HC. Numerical Simulation of Thrombotic Occlusion in Tortuous Arterioles. J Cardiol Cardiovasc Med 2017; 2:95-111. [PMID: 29327739 PMCID: PMC5760268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tortuous microvessels alter blood flow and stimulate thrombosis but the physical mechanisms are poorly understood. Both tortuous microvessels and abnormally large platelets are seen in diabetic patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the physical effects of arteriole tortuosity and platelet size on the microscale processes of thrombotic occlusion in microvessels. A new lattice-Boltzmann method-based discrete element model was developed to simulate the fluid flow field with fluid-platelet coupling, platelet interactions, thrombus formation, and thrombotic occlusion in tortuous arterioles. Our results show that vessel tortuosity creates high shear stress zones that activate platelets and stimulate thrombus formation. The growth rate depends on the level of tortuosity and the pressure and flow boundary conditions. Once thrombi began to form, platelet collisions with thrombi and subsequent activations were more important than tortuosity level. Thrombus growth narrowed the channel and reduced the flow rate. Larger platelet size leads to quicker decrease of flow rate due to larger thrombi that occluded the arteriole. This study elucidated the important roles that tortuosity and platelet size play in thrombus formation and occlusion in arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, USA,Address for Correspondence: Dr. Hai-Chao Han, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, Texas, USA, Tel: (210) 458-4952; Fax: (210) 458-6504; . Dr. Zhi-Gang Feng, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, Texas, USA, Tel: (210) 458-4952; Fax: (210) 458-6504;
| | | | | | - Hai-Chao Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, USA,Biomedical Engineering Program, UTSA-UTHSCSA, USA,Address for Correspondence: Dr. Hai-Chao Han, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, Texas, USA, Tel: (210) 458-4952; Fax: (210) 458-6504; . Dr. Zhi-Gang Feng, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, Texas, USA, Tel: (210) 458-4952; Fax: (210) 458-6504;
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16
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Zhang P, Zhang L, Slepian MJ, Deng Y, Bluestein D. A multiscale biomechanical model of platelets: Correlating with in-vitro results. J Biomech 2016; 50:26-33. [PMID: 27894676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) combined with coarse grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) approaches, we developed a multiscale deformable platelet model to accurately describe the molecular-scale intra-platelet constituents and biomechanical properties of platelets in blood flow. Our model includes the platelet bilayer membrane, cytoplasm and an elaborate elastic cytoskeleton. Correlating numerical simulations with published in-vitro experiments, we validated the biorheology of the cytoplasm, the elastic response of membrane to external stresses, and the stiffness of the cytoskeleton actin filaments, resulting in an accurate representation of the molecular-level biomechanical microstructures of platelets. This enabled us to study the mechanotransduction process of the hemodynamic stresses acting onto the platelet membrane and transmitted to these intracellular constituents. The platelets constituents continuously deform in response to the flow induced stresses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular-scale platelet model that can be used to accurately predict platelets activation mechanism leading to thrombus formation in prosthetic cardiovascular devices and in vascular disease processes. This model can be further employed to study the effects of novel therapeutic approaches of modulating platelet properties to enhance their shear resistance via mechanotransduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Applied Mathematics Department, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA
| | - Marvin J Slepian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yuefan Deng
- Applied Mathematics Department, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA
| | - Danny Bluestein
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA.
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Sughimoto K, Okauchi K, Zannino D, Brizard CP, Liang F, Sugawara M, Liu H, Tsubota KI. Total Cavopulmonary Connection is Superior to Atriopulmonary Connection Fontan in Preventing Thrombus Formation: Computer Simulation of Flow-Related Blood Coagulation. Pediatr Cardiol 2015; 36:1436-41. [PMID: 26024646 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-015-1180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The classical Fontan route, namely the atriopulmonary connection (APC), continues to be associated with a risk of thrombus formation in the atrium. A conversion to a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) from the APC can ameliorate hemodynamics for the failed Fontan; however, the impact of these surgical operations on thrombus formation remains elusive. This study elucidates the underlying mechanism of thrombus formation in the Fontan route by using a two-dimensional computer hemodynamic simulation based on a simple blood coagulation rule. Hemodynamics in the Fontan route was simulated with Navier-Stokes equations. The blood coagulation and the hemodynamics were combined using a particle method. Three models were created: APC with a square atrium, APC with a round atrium, and TCPC. To examine the effects of the venous blood flow velocity, the velocity at rest and during exercise (0.5 and 1.0 W/kg) was measured. The total area of the thrombi increased over time. The APC square model showed the highest incidence for thrombus formation, followed by the APC round, whereas no thrombus was formed in the TCPC model. Slower blood flow at rest was associated with a higher incidence of thrombus formation. The TCPC was superior to the classical APC in terms of preventing thrombus formation, due to significant blood flow stagnation in the atrium of the APC. Thus, local hemodynamic behavior associated with the complex channel geometry plays a major role in thrombus formation in the Fontan route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sughimoto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kazuki Okauchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Hitachi Construction Machinery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Diana Zannino
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian P Brizard
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fuyou Liang
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering (NAOCE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Chiba University International Cooperative Research Centre (SJTU-CU ICRC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michiko Sugawara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Chiba University International Cooperative Research Centre (SJTU-CU ICRC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ken-Ichi Tsubota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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18
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Tosenberger A, Ataullakhanov F, Bessonov N, Panteleev M, Tokarev A, Volpert V. Modelling of platelet-fibrin clot formation in flow with a DPD-PDE method. J Math Biol 2015; 72:649-81. [PMID: 26001742 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-015-0891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper is devoted to mathematical modelling of clot growth in blood flow. Great complexity of the hemostatic system dictates the need of usage of the mathematical models to understand its functioning in the normal and especially in pathological situations. In this work we investigate the interaction of blood flow, platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation. We develop a hybrid DPD-PDE model where dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is used to model plasma flow and platelets, while the regulatory network of plasma coagulation is described by a system of partial differential equations. Modelling results confirm the potency of the scenario of clot growth where at the first stage of clot formation platelets form an aggregate due to weak inter-platelet connections and then due to their activation. This enables the formation of the fibrin net in the centre of the platelet aggregate where the flow velocity is significantly reduced. The fibrin net reinforces the clot and allows its further growth. When the clot becomes sufficiently large, it stops growing due to the narrowed vessel and the increase of flow shear rate at the surface of the clot. Its outer part is detached by the flow revealing the inner part covered by fibrin. This fibrin cap does not allow new platelets to attach at the high shear rate, and the clot stops growing. Dependence of the final clot size on wall shear rate and on other parameters is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tosenberger
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Bures-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - F Ataullakhanov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N Bessonov
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - M Panteleev
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A Tokarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V Volpert
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Abstract
Intravascular blood clots form in an environment in which hydrodynamic forces dominate and in which fluid-mediated transport is the primary means of moving material. The clotting system has evolved to exploit fluid dynamic mechanisms and to overcome fluid dynamic challenges to ensure that clots that preserve vascular integrity can form over the wide range of flow conditions found in the circulation. Fluid-mediated interactions between the many large deformable red blood cells and the few small rigid platelets lead to high platelet concentrations near vessel walls where platelets contribute to clotting. Receptor-ligand pairs with diverse kinetic and mechanical characteristics work synergistically to arrest rapidly flowing cells on an injured vessel. Variations in hydrodynamic stresses switch on and off the function of key clotting polymers. Protein transport to, from, and within a developing clot determines whether and how fast it grows. We review ongoing experimental and modeling research to understand these and related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Fogelson
- Departments of Mathematics and Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401
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Zhang P, Gao C, Zhang N, Slepian MJ, Deng Y, Bluestein D. Multiscale Particle-Based Modeling of Flowing Platelets in Blood Plasma Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics and Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014; 7:552-74. [PMID: 25530818 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a multiscale particle-based model of platelets, to study the transport dynamics of shear stresses between the surrounding fluid and the platelet membrane. This model facilitates a more accurate prediction of the activation potential of platelets by viscous shear stresses - one of the major mechanisms leading to thrombus formation in cardiovascular diseases and in prosthetic cardiovascular devices. The interface of the model couples coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) with dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The CGMD handles individual platelets while the DPD models the macroscopic transport of blood plasma in vessels. A hybrid force field is formulated for establishing a functional interface between the platelet membrane and the surrounding fluid, in which the microstructural changes of platelets may respond to the extracellular viscous shear stresses transferred to them. The interaction between the two systems preserves dynamic properties of the flowing platelets, such as the flipping motion. Using this multiscale particle-based approach, we have further studied the effects of the platelet elastic modulus by comparing the action of the flow-induced shear stresses on rigid and deformable platelet models. The results indicate that neglecting the platelet deformability may overestimate the stress on the platelet membrane, which in turn may lead to erroneous predictions of the platelet activation under viscous shear flow conditions. This particle-based fluid-structure interaction multiscale model offers for the first time a computationally feasible approach for simulating deformable platelets interacting with viscous blood flow, aimed at predicting flow induced platelet activation by using a highly resolved mapping of the stress distribution on the platelet membrane under dynamic flow conditions.
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21
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Marsden AL, Bazilevs Y, Long CC, Behr M. Recent advances in computational methodology for simulation of mechanical circulatory assist devices. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2014; 6:169-88. [PMID: 24449607 PMCID: PMC3947342 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide mechanical circulatory support to offload the work of one or both ventricles during heart failure. They are used in the clinical setting as destination therapy, as bridge to transplant, or more recently as bridge to recovery to allow for myocardial remodeling. Recent developments in computational simulation allow for detailed assessment of VAD hemodynamics for device design and optimization for both children and adults. Here, we provide a focused review of the recent literature on finite element methods and optimization for VAD simulations. As VAD designs typically fall into two categories, pulsatile and continuous flow devices, we separately address computational challenges of both types of designs, and the interaction with the circulatory system with three representative case studies. In particular, we focus on recent advancements in finite element methodology that have increased the fidelity of VAD simulations. We outline key challenges, which extend to the incorporation of biological response such as thrombosis and hemolysis, as well as shape optimization methods and challenges in computational methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Marsden
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Mountrakis L, Lorenz E, Hoekstra AG. Where do the platelets go? A simulation study of fully resolved blood flow through aneurysmal vessels. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20120089. [PMID: 24427532 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of platelets in the formation of a thrombus, their transport in complex flows has not yet been studied in detail. In this paper we simulated red blood cells and platelets to explore their transport behaviour in aneurysmal geometries. We considered two aneurysms with different aspect ratios (AR = 1.0, 2.0) in the presence of fast and slow blood flows (Re = 10, 100), and examined the distributions of the cells. Low velocities in the parent vessel resulted in a large stagnation zone inside the cavity, leaving the initial distribution almost unchanged. In fast flows, an influx of platelets into the aneurysm was observed, leading to an elevated concentration. The connection of the platelet-rich cell-free layer (CFL) with the outer regions of the recirculation zones leads to their increased platelet concentration. These platelet-enhanced recirculation zones produced a diverse distribution of cells inside the aneurysm, for the different aspect ratios. A thin red blood CFL that was occupied by platelets was observed on the top of the wide-necked aneurysm, whereas a high-haematocrit region very close to the vessel wall was present in the narrow-necked case. The simulations revealed that non-trivial distributions of red blood cells and platelets are possible inside aneurysmal geometries, giving rise to several hypotheses on the formation of a thrombus, as well as to the wall weakening and the possible rupture of an aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mountrakis
- Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Lorenz
- Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G Hoekstra
- Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bodnár T, Fasano A, Sequeira A. Mathematical Models for Blood Coagulation. Fluid-Structure Interaction and Biomedical Applications 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0822-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chesnutt JKW, Han HC. Effect of Red Blood Cells on Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation in Tortuous Arterioles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2013; 1:18. [PMID: 25022613 PMCID: PMC4090894 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2013.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, which can lead to myocardial infarction and stroke. Thrombosis may form in tortuous microvessels, which are often seen throughout the human body, but the microscale mechanisms and processes are not well understood. In straight vessels, the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) is known to push platelets toward walls, which may affect platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. However in tortuous vessels, the effects of RBC interactions with platelets in thrombosis are largely unknown. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to determine the physical effects of RBCs, platelet size, and vessel tortuosity on platelet activation and thrombus formation in tortuous arterioles. A discrete element computational model was used to simulate the transport, collision, adhesion, aggregation, and shear-induced platelet activation of hundreds of individual platelets and RBCs in thrombus formation in tortuous arterioles. Results showed that high shear stress near the inner sides of curved arteriole walls activated platelets to initiate thrombosis. RBCs initially promoted platelet activation, but then collisions of RBCs with mural thrombi reduced the amount of mural thrombus and the size of emboli. In the absence of RBCs, mural thrombus mass was smaller in a highly tortuous arteriole compared to a less tortuous arteriole. In the presence of RBCs however, mural thrombus mass was larger in the highly tortuous arteriole compared to the less tortuous arteriole. As well, smaller platelet size yielded less mural thrombus mass and smaller emboli, either with or without RBCs. This study shed light on microscopic interactions of RBCs and platelets in tortuous microvessels, which have implications in various pathologies associated with thrombosis and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K W Chesnutt
- Cardiovascular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX , USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX , USA
| | - Hai-Chao Han
- Cardiovascular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX , USA ; Biomedical Engineering Program, UTSA-UTHSCSA , San Antonio, TX , USA
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25
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Tosenberger A, Ataullakhanov F, Bessonov N, Panteleev M, Tokarev A, Volpert V. Modelling of thrombus growth in flow with a DPD-PDE method. J Theor Biol 2013; 337:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Thrombosis accounts for 80% of deaths in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients demonstrate tortuous microvessels and larger than normal platelets. Large platelets are associated with increased platelet activation and thrombosis, but the physical effects of large platelets in the microscale processes of thrombus formation are not clear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the physical effects of mean platelet volume (MPV), mean platelet density (MPD) and vessel tortuosity on platelet activation and thrombus formation in tortuous arterioles. A computational model of the transport, shear-induced activation, collision, adhesion and aggregation of individual platelets was used to simulate platelet interactions and thrombus formation in tortuous arterioles. Our results showed that an increase in MPV resulted in a larger number of activated platelets, though MPD and level of tortuosity made little difference on platelet activation. Platelets with normal MPD yielded the lowest amount of mural thrombus. With platelets of normal MPD, the amount of mural thrombus decreased with increasing level of tortuosity but did not have a simple monotonic relationship with MPV. The physical mechanisms associated with MPV, MPD and arteriole tortuosity play important roles in platelet activation and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K W Chesnutt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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27
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Bajd F, Serša I. Mathematical modeling of blood clot fragmentation during flow-mediated thrombolysis. Biophys J 2013; 104:1181-90. [PMID: 23473501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A microscale mathematical model of blood clot dissolution based on coarse-grained molecular dynamics is presented. In the model, a blood clot is assumed to be an assembly of blood cells interconnected with elastic fibrin bonds, which are cleaved either biochemically (bond degradation) or mechanically (bond overstretching) during flow-mediated thrombolysis. The effect of a thrombolytic agent on biochemical bond degradation was modeled phenomenologically by assuming that the decay rate of an individual bond is a function of the remaining noncleaved bonds in the vicinity of that bond (spatial corrosion) and the relative stretching of the bond (deformational corrosion). The results of simulations indicate that the blood clot dissolution process progresses by a blood-flow-promoted removal of clot fragments, the sizes of which are flow-dependent. These findings are in good agreement with the results of our recent optical-microscopy experimental studies on a model of blood clot dissolution, as well as with clinical observations. The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the clot fragmentation process and may therefore also help in designing new, safer thrombolytic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franci Bajd
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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28
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Abstract
There is a large variety of techniques available to protect metals from various types of corrosion. Till date chromate containing metal coatings is one of the most commonly used methods. Layered clays are basically of two types depending on the type of ion exchange capacity. In the recent years different researchers demonstrated the use of such cation/ anionic clays as potential nanocontainers for the inhibitors. These nanocontainers can be used in the coating to induce self-repairing capacity when the coating surface is damaged. Due to the disturbance in the pH and availability of chloride ions clay based nanocontainers can release the inhibitor to protect the surface. In the recent year use of anionic clay like hydrotalcites or layered double hydroxides are much studied in comparison to cationic clay like montmorillonite. This review critically analysed the potential of these clay in the future development of self-healing coating.
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Abstract
Accurate computer simulation of blood function can inform drug target selection, patient-specific dosing, clinical trial design, biomedical device design, as well as the scoring of patient-specific disease risk and severity. These large-scale simulations rely on hundreds of independently measured physical parameters and kinetic rate constants. However, the models can be validated against large-scale, patient-specific laboratory measurements. By validation with high-dimensional data, modeling becomes a powerful tool to predict clinically complex scenarios. Currently, it is possible to accurately predict the clotting rate of plasma or blood in a tube as it is activated with a dose of tissue factor, even as numerous coagulation factors are altered by exogenous attenuation or potentiation. Similarly, the dynamics of platelet activation, as indicated by calcium mobilization or inside-out signaling, can now be numerically simulated with accuracy in cases where platelets are exposed to combinations of agonists. Multiscale models have emerged to combine platelet function and coagulation kinetics into complete physics-based descriptions of thrombosis under flow. Blood flow controls platelet fluxes, delivery and removal of coagulation factors, adhesive bonding, and von Willebrand factor conformation. The field of blood systems biology has now reached a stage that anticipates the inclusion of contact, complement, and fibrinolytic pathways along with models of neutrophil and endothelial activation. Along with '-omics' data sets, such advanced models seek to predict the multifactorial range of healthy responses and diverse bleeding and clotting scenarios, ultimately to understand and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Soares JS, Gao C, Alemu Y, Slepian M, Bluestein D. Simulation of platelets suspension flowing through a stenosis model using a dissipative particle dynamics approach. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:2318-33. [PMID: 23695489 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Stresses on blood cellular constituents induced by blood flow can be represented by a continuum approach down to the μm level; however, the molecular mechanisms of thrombosis and platelet activation and aggregation are on the order of nm. The coupling of the disparate length and time scales between molecular and macroscopic transport phenomena represents a major computational challenge. In order to bridge the gap between macroscopic flow scales and the cellular scales with the goal of depicting and predicting flow induced thrombogenicity, multi-scale approaches based on particle methods are better suited. We present a top-scale model to describe bulk flow of platelet suspensions: we employ dissipative particle dynamics to model viscous flow dynamics and present a novel and general no-slip boundary condition that allows the description of three-dimensional viscous flows through complex geometries. Dissipative phenomena associated with boundary layers and recirculation zones are observed and favorably compared to benchmark viscous flow solutions (Poiseuille and Couette flows). Platelets in suspension, modeled as coarse-grained finite-sized ensembles of bound particles constituting an enclosed deformable membrane with flat ellipsoid shape, show self-orbiting motions in shear flows consistent with Jeffery's orbits, and are transported with the flow, flipping and colliding with the walls and interacting with other platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao S Soares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, T15-090, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8151, USA
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31
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Kojic M, Filipovic N, Tsuda A. A mesoscopic bridging scale method for fluids and coupling dissipative particle dynamics with continuum finite element method. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 2013; 197:821-833. [PMID: 23814322 PMCID: PMC3693461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A multiscale procedure to couple a mesoscale discrete particle model and a macroscale continuum model of incompressible fluid flow is proposed in this study. We call this procedure the mesoscopic bridging scale (MBS) method since it is developed on the basis of the bridging scale method for coupling molecular dynamics and finite element models [G.J. Wagner, W.K. Liu, Coupling of atomistic and continuum simulations using a bridging scale decomposition, J. Comput. Phys. 190 (2003) 249-274]. We derive the governing equations of the MBS method and show that the differential equations of motion of the mesoscale discrete particle model and finite element (FE) model are only coupled through the force terms. Based on this coupling, we express the finite element equations which rely on the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations, in a way that the internal nodal FE forces are evaluated using viscous stresses from the mesoscale model. The dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method for the discrete particle mesoscale model is employed. The entire fluid domain is divided into a local domain and a global domain. Fluid flow in the local domain is modeled with both DPD and FE method, while fluid flow in the global domain is modeled by the FE method only. The MBS method is suitable for modeling complex (colloidal) fluid flows, where continuum methods are sufficiently accurate only in the large fluid domain, while small, local regions of particular interest require detailed modeling by mesoscopic discrete particles. Solved examples - simple Poiseuille and driven cavity flows illustrate the applicability of the proposed MBS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Kojic
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Filipovic
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Akira Tsuda
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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32
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Moreno N, Vignal P, Li J, Calo VM. Multiscale Modeling of Blood Flow: Coupling Finite Elements with Smoothed Dissipative Particle Dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:2565-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2013.05.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Henry C, Minier JP, Lefèvre G. Towards a description of particulate fouling: from single particle deposition to clogging. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 185-186:34-76. [PMID: 23141134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Particulate fouling generally arises from the continuous deposition of colloidal particles on initially clean surfaces, a process which can even lead to a complete blockage of the fluid cross-section. In the present paper, the initial stages of the fouling process (which include single-particle deposition and reentrainment) are first addressed and current modelling state-of-the-art for particle-turbulence and particle-wall interactions is presented. Then, attention is specifically focused on the later stages (which include multilayer formation, clogging and blockage). A detailed review of experimental works brings out the essential mechanisms occurring during these later stages: as for the initial stages, it is found that clogging results from the competition between particle-fluid, particle-surface and particle-particle interactions. Numerical models that have been proposed to reproduce the later stages of fouling are then assessed and a new Lagrangian stochastic approach to clogging in industrial cases is detailed. These models further confirm that, depending on hydrodynamical conditions (the flow velocity), fluid characteristics (such as the ionic strength) as well as particle and substrate properties (such as zeta potentials), particle deposition can lead to the formation of either a single monolayer or multilayers. The present paper outlines also future numerical developments and experimental works that are needed to complete our understanding of the later stages of the fouling process.
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Wang W, King MR. Multiscale Modeling of Platelet Adhesion and Thrombus Growth. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:2345-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Janoschek F, Toschi F, Harting J. Simulations of Blood Flow in Plain Cylindrical and Constricted Vessels with Single Cell Resolution. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Goicochea AG, Alarcón F. Solvation force induced by short range, exact dissipative particle dynamics effective surfaces on a simple fluid and on polymer brushes. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:014703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3517869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zheludkevich ML, Tedim J, Freire CSR, Fernandes SCM, Kallip S, Lisenkov A, Gandini A, Ferreira MGS. Self-healing protective coatings with “green” chitosan based pre-layer reservoir of corrosion inhibitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee GS, Filipovic N, Miele LF, Lin M, Simpson DC, Giney B, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Blood flow shapes intravascular pillar geometry in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. J Angiogenes Res 2010; 2:11. [PMID: 20609245 PMCID: PMC2911408 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2384-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of blood flow to vessel structure remains a fundamental question in biology. To define the influence of intravascular flow fields, we studied tissue islands--here defined as intravascular pillars--in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Pillars comprised 0.02 to 0.5% of the vascular system in 2-dimensional projection and were predominantly observed at vessel bifurcations. The bifurcation angle was generally inversely related to the length of the pillar (R = -0.47, P < .001). The pillar orientation closely mirrored the axis of the dominant vessel with an average variance of 5.62 ± 6.96 degrees (p = .02). In contrast, the variance of pillar orientation relative to nondominant vessels was 36.78 ± 21.33 degrees (p > .05). 3-dimensional computational flow simulations indicated that the intravascular pillars were located in regions of low shear stress. Both wide-angle and acute-angle models mapped the pillars to regions with shear less than 1 dyn/cm2. Further, flow modeling indicated that the pillars were spatially constrained by regions of higher wall shear stress. Finally, the shear maps indicated that the development of new pillars was limited to regions of low shear stress. We conclude that mechanical forces produced by blood flow have both a limiting and permissive influence on pillar development in the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Lee
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
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Yamaguchi T, Ishikawa T, Imai Y, Matsuki N, Xenos M, Deng Y, Bluestein D. Particle-based methods for multiscale modeling of blood flow in the circulation and in devices: challenges and future directions. Sixth International Bio-Fluid Mechanics Symposium and Workshop March 28-30, 2008 Pasadena, California. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:1225-35. [PMID: 20336827 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-9904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A major computational challenge for a multiscale modeling is the coupling of disparate length and timescales between molecular mechanics and macroscopic transport, spanning the spatial and temporal scales characterizing the complex processes taking place in flow-induced blood clotting. Flow and pressure effects on a cell-like platelet can be well represented by a continuum mechanics model down to the order of the micrometer level. However, the molecular effects of adhesion/aggregation bonds are on the order of nanometer. A successful multiscale model of platelet response to flow stresses in devices and the ensuing clotting responses should be able to characterize the clotting reactions and their interactions with the flow. This paper attempts to describe a few of the computational methods that were developed in recent years and became available to researchers in the field. They differ from traditional approaches that dominate the field by expanding on prevailing continuum-based approaches, or by completely departing from them, yielding an expanding toolkit that may facilitate further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of blood flow and the cellular response to it. We offer a paradigm shift by adopting a multidisciplinary approach with fluid dynamics simulations coupled to biophysical and biochemical transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takami Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Tedim J, Poznyak SK, Kuznetsova A, Raps D, Hack T, Zheludkevich ML, Ferreira MGS. Enhancement of active corrosion protection via combination of inhibitor-loaded nanocontainers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2010; 2:1528-1535. [PMID: 20455547 DOI: 10.1021/am100174t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanocontainers loaded with different corrosion inhibitors (vanadate, phosphate, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazolate) and the characterization of the resulting pigments by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The anticorrosion activity of these nanocontainers with respect to aluminum alloy AA2024 was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The bare metallic substrates were immersed in dispersions of nanocontainers in sodium chloride solution and tested to understand the inhibition mechanisms and efficiency. The nanocontainers were also incorporated into commercial coatings used for aeronautical applications to study the active corrosion protection properties in systems of industrial relevance. The results show that an enhancement of the active protection effect can be reached when nanocontainers loaded with different inhibitors are combined in the same protective coating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tedim
- Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Filipovic N, Tsuda A, Lee GS, Miele LF, Lin M, Konerding MA, Mentzer SJ. Computational flow dynamics in a geometric model of intussusceptive angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2009; 78:286-93. [PMID: 19715707 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a process that forms new blood vessels by the intraluminal division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Referred to as nonsprouting or intussusceptive angiogenesis, this angiogenic process has been described in morphogenesis and chronic inflammation. Mechanical forces are relevant to the structural changes associated with intussusceptive angiogenesis because of the growing evidence that physiologic forces influence gene transcription. To provide a detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of physiologic shear stresses, we developed a 3D finite element model of the intraluminal intussusceptive pillar. Based on geometries observed in adult intussusceptive angiogenesis, physiologic shear stress distribution was studied at pillar sizes ranging from 1 to 10 microm. The wall shear stress calculations demonstrated a marked spatial dependence with discrete regions of high shear stress on the intraluminal pillar and lateral vessel wall. Furthermore, the intussusceptive pillar created a "dead zone" of low wall shear stress between the pillar and vessel bifurcation apex. We conclude that the intraluminal flow fields demonstrate sufficient spatial resolution and dynamic range to participate in the regulation of intussusceptive angiogenesis.
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Kohl P, Coveney P, Clapworthy G, Viceconti M. The virtual physiological human. Editorial. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2008; 366:3223-3224. [PMID: 18593665 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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