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Mohd G, Bhat IM, Kakroo I, Balachandran A, Tabasum R, Majid K, Wani MF, Manna U, Ghodake G, Lone S. Azolla Pinnata: Sustainable Floating Oil Cleaner of Water Bodies. ACS Omega 2024; 9:12725-12733. [PMID: 38524463 PMCID: PMC10955581 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Various plant-based materials effectively absorb oil contaminants at the water/air interface. These materials showcase unparalleled efficiency in purging oil contaminants, encompassing rivers, lakes, and boundless oceans, positioning them as integral components of environmental restoration endeavors. In addition, they are biodegradable, readily available, and eco-friendly, thus making them a preferable choice over traditional oil cleaning materials. This study explores the phenomenal properties of the floating Azolla fern (Azolla pinnata), focusing on its unique hierarchical leaf surface design at both the microscale and nanoscale levels. These intricate structures endow the fern with exceptional characteristics, including superhydrophobicity, high water adhesion, and remarkable oil or organic solvent absorption capabilities. Azolla's leaf surface exhibits a rare combination of dual wettability, where hydrophilic spots on a superhydrophobic base enable the pinning of water droplets, even when positioned upside-down. This extraordinary property, known as the parahydrophobic state, is rare in floating plants, akin to the renowned Salvinia molesta, setting Azolla apart as a natural wonder. Submerged in water, Azolla leaves excel at absorbing light oils at the air-water interface, demonstrating a notable ability to extract high-density organic solvents. Moreover, Azolla's rapid growth, doubling in the area every 4-5 days, especially in flowing waters, positions it as a sustainable alternative to traditional synthetic oil-cleaning materials with long-term environmental repercussions. This scientific lead could pave the way for more environmentally friendly approaches to mitigate the negative impacts of oil spills and promote a cleaner water ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mohd
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
(NIT), Jammu
& Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
- iDREAM
(Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Bioinspired Research on Advanced Interface
and Nanomaterials (BRAINS), NIT, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
| | - Irfan Majeed Bhat
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
(NIT), Jammu
& Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
- iDREAM
(Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Bioinspired Research on Advanced Interface
and Nanomaterials (BRAINS), NIT, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
| | - Insha Kakroo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
(NIT), Jammu
& Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
- iDREAM
(Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Bioinspired Research on Advanced Interface
and Nanomaterials (BRAINS), NIT, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
| | - Akshay Balachandran
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
(NIT), Jammu
& Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
- iDREAM
(Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Bioinspired Research on Advanced Interface
and Nanomaterials (BRAINS), NIT, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
| | - Ruheena Tabasum
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
(NIT), Jammu
& Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
- iDREAM
(Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Bioinspired Research on Advanced Interface
and Nanomaterials (BRAINS), NIT, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
| | - Kowsar Majid
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
(NIT), Jammu
& Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
- iDREAM
(Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Bioinspired Research on Advanced Interface
and Nanomaterials (BRAINS), NIT, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohammad Farooq Wani
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Srinagar,
NIT, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
| | - Uttam Manna
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT), Kamrup, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gajanan Ghodake
- Department
of Biological Science and Environmental Science, College of Life Science
and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Ilsongdong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Saifullah Lone
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
(NIT), Jammu
& Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
- iDREAM
(Interdisciplinary Division for Renewable Energy & Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Bioinspired Research on Advanced Interface
and Nanomaterials (BRAINS), NIT, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, Srinagar, India
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McCaskill JS, Karnaushenko D, Zhu M, Schmidt OG. Microelectronic Morphogenesis: Smart Materials with Electronics Assembling into Artificial Organisms. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2306344. [PMID: 37814374 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Microelectronic morphogenesis is the creation and maintenance of complex functional structures by microelectronic information within shape-changing materials. Only recently has in-built information technology begun to be used to reshape materials and their functions in three dimensions to form smart microdevices and microrobots. Electronic information that controls morphology is inheritable like its biological counterpart, genetic information, and is set to open new vistas of technology leading to artificial organisms when coupled with modular design and self-assembly that can make reversible microscopic electrical connections. Three core capabilities of cells in organisms, self-maintenance (homeostatic metabolism utilizing free energy), self-containment (distinguishing self from nonself), and self-reproduction (cell division with inherited properties), once well out of reach for technology, are now within the grasp of information-directed materials. Construction-aware electronics can be used to proof-read and initiate game-changing error correction in microelectronic self-assembly. Furthermore, noncontact communication and electronically supported learning enable one to implement guided self-assembly and enhance functionality. Here, the fundamental breakthroughs that have opened the pathway to this prospective path are reviewed, the extent and way in which the core properties of life can be addressed are analyzed, and the potential and indeed necessity of such technology for sustainable high technology in society is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S McCaskill
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Ca' Bottacin, Dorsoduro 3911, Venice, 30123, Italy
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Ca' Bottacin, Dorsoduro 3911, Venice, 30123, Italy
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Wagner J, Akdere M, Gürbüz K, Beek L, Klopp K, Ditsche P, Mail M, Gries T, Barthlott W. Oil adsorbing and transporting surfaces: a simulative determination of parameters for bionic functional textiles. Bioinspir Biomim 2023; 18. [PMID: 36881911 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acc224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Certain superhydrophobic plants, such asSalvinia molesta, are able to adsorb oil films from water surfaces and thus separate the oil from the water. There are first attempts to transfer this phenomenon to technical surfaces, but the functional principle and the influence of certain parameters are not yet fully understood. The aim of this work is to understand the interaction behavior between biological surfaces and oil, and to define design parameters for transferring the biological model to a technical textile. This will reduce the development time of a biologically inspired textile. For this purpose, the biological surface is transferred into a 2D model and the horizontal oil transport is simulated in Ansys Fluent. From these simulations, the influence of contact angle, oil viscosity and fiber spacing/diameter ratio was quantified. The simulation results were verified with transport tests on spacer fabrics and 3D prints. The values obtained serve as a starting point for the development of a bio-inspired textile for the removal of oil spills on water surfaces. Such a bio-inspired textile provides the basis for a novel method of oil-water separation that does not require the use of chemicals or energy. As a result, it offers great added value compared to existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wagner
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Musa Akdere
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevser Gürbüz
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonie Beek
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Klopp
- Heimbach GmbH, An Gut Nazareth 73, 52353 Dueren, Germany
| | - Petra Ditsche
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Mail
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Barthlott
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Ubah PC, Dashti AF, Saaid M, Imam SS, Adnan R. Fabrication and response optimization of Moringa oleifera-functionalized nanosorbents for the removal of diesel range organics from contaminated water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:4462-4484. [PMID: 35969341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to synthesize environmentally friendly nanosorbents for the novel adsorption of diesel range organics (DRO) from contaminated water. Central composite design (CCD) analysis of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in a model fitting of the variables predicting the adsorption efficiency of Moringa oleifera-functionalized zerovalent iron particles (ZINPs) for the removal of DRO. The effects of the reaction parameters on the response were screened using 24 factorial designs to determine the statistically significant independent variables. A quadratic model predicting the DRO adsorption efficiency of ZINPs with an F value of 276.84 (p value < 0.0001) was developed. Diagnostic plots show that the predicted values were in excellent agreement with actual experimental values (R2 = 0.99). The maximum percentage removal of DRO of 92.6% was achieved after optimization, using the synthesized ZINPs after 8 h of contact between DRO substrates and ZINPs at pH of 8, the temperature of 25 °C, with an adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L and at composite desirability of 1. Characterization of ZINPs revealed the formation of quasi nanospheres and nanocubes with an average particle diameter of 50.9 ± 9.7, a crystallite size of 15.31 nm, a crystallinity index of 32.47% and a pore width of 75.69-88.59 nm. The adsorption equilibrium data modelling of ZINPs for adsorption of DRO was best described by Langmuir isotherm with the maximum monolayer coverage capacity of 7.194 mg/g. The separation factor [Formula: see text], indicated favourable adsorption. The adsorption kinetic data were consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetics indicating probable chemisorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promise Chima Ubah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Imo State, Owerri, PMB 1526, Nigeria
| | | | - Mardiana Saaid
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Saifullahi Shehu Imam
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, P.M.B 3011, Nigeria
| | - Rohana Adnan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Mail M, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Barthlott W, Gorb SN, Heepe L. Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2022; 13:1370-1379. [PMID: 36483637 PMCID: PMC9704008 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces are well known for most different functions in plants, animals, and thus for biomimetic technical applications. Beside the Lotus Effect, one of their features with great technical, economic and ecologic potential is the Salvinia Effect, the capability to keep a stable air layer when submerged under water. Such air layers are of great importance, e.g., for drag reduction (passive air lubrication), antifouling, sensor applications or oil-water separation. Some biological models, e.g., the floating fern Salvinia or the backswimmer Notonecta, show long term stable air retention even under hydrodynamic conditions. Therefore, they are ideal models for the development of technical biomimetic air retaining surfaces. Up to now, several prototypes of such surfaces have been developed, but none provides both, stable air retention and cost effective large scale production. Meanwhile, a novel biomimetic surface is commercially available and produced on a large scale: an adhesive elastomeric film with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures that mimic the adhesion system of animals. In this study, we show that these films, which have been initially developed for a different purpose, due to their specific geometry at the microscale, are capable of stable air retention under water. We present first results concerning the capabilities of mushroom-shaped surface microstructures and show that this elastomer foil is able to stabilize a permanent air layer under water for more than two weeks. Further, the stability of the air layer under pressure was investigated and these results are compared with the predicted theoretical values for air retention of microstructured surfaces. Here, we could show that they fit to the theoretical predictions and that the biomimetic elastomer foil is a promising base for the development of an economically and efficient biomimetic air retaining surface for a broad range of technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mail
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Walheim
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Barthlott
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Heepe
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- Gottlieb Binder GmbH & Co KG, Bahnhofstr. 19, D-71088 Holzgerlingen, Germany
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Bergmann JB, Moatsou D, Steiner U, Wilts BD. Bio-inspired materials to control and minimise insect attachment. Bioinspir Biomim 2022; 17:051001. [PMID: 36099911 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac91b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
More than three quarters of all animal species on Earth are insects, successfully inhabiting most ecosystems on the planet. Due to their opulence, insects provide the backbone of many biological processes, but also inflict adverse impacts on agricultural and stored products, buildings and human health. To countermeasure insect pests, the interactions of these animals with their surroundings have to be fully understood. This review focuses on the various forms of insect attachment, natural surfaces that have evolved to counter insect adhesion, and particularly features recently developed synthetic bio-inspired solutions. These bio-inspired solutions often enhance the variety of applicable mechanisms observed in nature and open paths for improved technological solutions that are needed in a changing global society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B Bergmann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Gao Q, Cheng S, Wang X, Tang Y, Yuan Y, Li A, Guan S. Three‐dimensional hierarchical nanostructured porous epoxidized natural rubber latex/poly(vinyl alcohol) material for oil/water separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangmin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Shangru Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yaokai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yingxin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Anqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Shanshan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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Gurav R, Bhatia SK, Choi TR, Choi YK, Kim HJ, Song HS, Park SL, Lee HS, Lee SM, Choi KY, Yang YH. Adsorptive removal of crude petroleum oil from water using floating pinewood biochar decorated with coconut oil-derived fatty acids. Sci Total Environ 2021; 781:146636. [PMID: 33784526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the adsorptive removal of crude petroleum oil from the water surface using coconut oil-modified pinewood biochar. Biochar generated at higher pyrolysis temperature (700 °C) revealed higher fatty acid-binding efficiency responsible for the excellent hydrophobicity of the biochar. Fatty acids composition attached to the biochar produced at 700 °C was (mg g-1 BC) lauric acid (9.024), myristic acid (5.065), palmitic acid (2.769), capric acid (1.639), oleic acid (1.362), stearic acid (1.114), and linoleic acid (0.130). Simulation of the experimental adsorption data of pristine and modified pinewood biochar generated at 700 °C offered the best fit to pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 > 0.97) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.99) based on the highest regression coefficients. Consequently, the adsorption process was mainly driven by surface hydrophobic interactions including π-π electron-donor-acceptor between electron-rich (π-donor) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the crude oil and biochar (π-acceptor). A maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 5.315 g g-1 was achieved by modified floating biochar within 60 min. Whereas the reusability testing revealed 49.39% and 51.40% was the adsorption efficiency of pristine and modified biochar at the fifth adsorption-desorption cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Lee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Malik A, Sajjad S, Leghari SAK, Naz Y, Masood M, Ahmad I, Uzair B. Marvelous oleophillic adsorption ability of SiO2/activated carbon and GO composite nanostructure using polyurethane for rapid oil spill cleanup. Appl Nanosci 2021; 11:1211-1223. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gandyra D, Walheim S, Gorb S, Ditsche P, Barthlott W, Schimmel T. Air Retention under Water by the Floating Fern Salvinia: The Crucial Role of a Trapped Air Layer as a Pneumatic Spring. Small 2020; 16:e2003425. [PMID: 32996250 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of floating ferns Salvinia to keep a permanent layer of air under water is of great interest, e.g., for drag-reducing ship coatings. The air-retaining hairs are superhydrophobic, but have hydrophilic tips at their ends, pinning the air-water interface. Here, experimental and theoretical approaches are used to examine the contribution of this pinning effect for air-layer stability under pressure changes. By applying the capillary adhesion technique, the adhesion forces of individual hairs to the water surface is determined to be about 20 µN per hair. Using confocal microscopy and fluorescence labeling, it is found that the leaves maintain a stable air layer up to an underpressure of 65 mbar. Combining both results, overall pinning forces are obtained, which account for only about 1% of the total air-retaining force. It is suggested that the restoring force of the entrapped air layer is responsible for the remaining 99%. This model of the entrapped air acting is verified as a pneumatic spring ("air-spring") by an experiment shortcircuiting the air layer, which results in immediate air loss. Thus, the plant enhances its air-layer stability against pressure fluctuations by a factor of 100 by utilizing the entrapped air volume as an elastic spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gandyra
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Stefan Walheim
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Stanislav Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Petra Ditsche
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Barthlott
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH) and Materials Research Center for Energy Systems (MZE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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Jha P, Koiry SP, Sridevi C, Putta V, Gupta D, Chauhan AK. A strategy towards the synthesis of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic non-fluorinated polypyrrole nanotubes for oil-water separation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33747-33752. [PMID: 35519042 PMCID: PMC9056729 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06409b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobic/superoleophilic materials have shown great potential for applications in oil/water separation. However, practical applications of these materials are restricted due to their toxicity and complicated, expensive, and non-eco-friendly fabrication procedures. Here, we have successfully developed an easy, simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly strategy towards the synthesis of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic porous polypyrrole nanotubes. Such wettability has been introduced into polypyrrole by co-doping with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, a surfactant for lowering surface energy and controlling the morphology of the nanotubes. These non toxic and environment friendly polymer nanotubes exhibit oil absorption capability from oil/water mixtures with a reasonable efficiency with good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushottam Jha
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai-400094 India
| | - Shankar P Koiry
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai-400094 India
| | - C Sridevi
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Veerender Putta
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India
| | | | - Anil K Chauhan
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai-400094 India
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