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Jiang W, Wang X, Zhang S, Dong R, Guo Y, Feng J, Shen Z, Yan TM, Zhu Z, Jiang Y. Dissociative multi-ionization of N 2O molecules in strong femtosecond laser field. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-ionization and subsequent Coulomb explosion (CE) of the N2O molecule irradiated by linearly polarized 800 nm laser field is investigated by a reaction microscope, where a number of CE channels of N2Oq+ with q{less than or equal to}5 for two-body fragmentation and q{less than or equal to}8 for three-body fragmentation were observed. For two-body CE, by analyzing the internuclear separations extracted from kinetic energy releases (KERs), dissociation branching fractions, and laser intensity dependence, interestingly we found that fragmentation N2O5+→N3++NO2+ is produced directly from dissociating N2O3+ via non-sequential stairstep ionization whereas most of others result from the sequential stairstep ionization. For three-body CE, 25 fragmentation channels of N2Oq+ (q = 3-8) are distinguished in present charge-encoded multi-photoion coincidence plot and the concerted fragmentation mechanism is nominated in a typical Dalitz plot. With the help of the numerical computation with the measured KERs and momentum correlation angles, the geometric structures of molecular ions prior to fragmentation are reconstructed, which display the bending motion and simultaneous two-bond stretching before the CE. Increasing of bond length for high charged N2Oq+ indicates the dominating stairstep ionization in three-body fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Jiang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | - Shuai Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ruichao Dong
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yuliang Guo
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | - Zhenjie Shen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - T.-M. Yan
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, China
| | - Yuhai Jiang
- ShanghaiTech University School of Physical Science and Technology, China
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2
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Zhang S, Wang X, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Zhu Z. Charge-encoded multi-photoion coincidence for three-body fragmentation of CO 2 in the strong laser fields. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:134302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0085539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoion–photoion coincidence (PIPICO) is a simple and effective approach for the selection of correlated fragments in a specific dissociating channel in molecules. We propose here a charge-encoded multi-photoion coincidence (cMUPICO) method, in analogy to traditional PIPICO, however in which the charge of individual fragments is taken into account. The cMUPICO method allows for clearly displaying coincident channels for dissociation channels containing three more fragments with unequal charge states, invisible in the traditional PIPICO. As a demonstration, three-body fragmentation dynamics of CO2 in strong IR laser fields is analyzed, and 11 dissociation channels are effectively identified, five of which are first found with cMUPICO. The present results show that cMUPICO is a powerful and practical tool for distinguishing various dissociation channels with multiply charged multi-photoions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- Center for Transformative Science and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yizhu Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuhai Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Transformative Science and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Transformative Science and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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3
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Jiang W, Wang X, Zhang S, Dong R, Guo Y, Feng J, Shen Z, Zhu Z, Jiang Y. A Reaction Microscope for AMO Science at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:1821. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the design and capabilities of a reaction microscope (REMI) end-station at the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (SXFEL). This apparatus allows high-resolution and 4π solid-angle coincidence detection of ions and electrons. The components of REMI, including a supersonic gas injection system, spectrometer, detectors and data acquisition system, are described in detail. By measuring the time of flight and the impact positions of ions and electrons on the corresponding detectors, three-dimensional momentum vectors can be reconstructed to study specific reaction processes. Momentum resolutions of ions and electrons with 0.11 a.u. are achieved, which have been measured from a single ionization experiment of oxygen molecules in an infrared (IR), femtosecond laser field, under vacuum at 1.2×10−10 torr, in a reaction chamber. As a demonstration, a Coulomb explosion experiment of oxygen molecules in the IR field is presented. These results demonstrate the performance of this setup, which provides a basic tool for the study of atomic and molecular reactions at SXFEL.
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4
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Reitsma G, Hummert J, Dura J, Loriot V, Vrakking MJJ, Lépine F, Kornilov O. Delayed Relaxation of Highly Excited Cationic States in Naphthalene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3068-3073. [PMID: 30888820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid energy transfer from electronic to nuclear degrees of freedom underlies many biological processes and astrophysical observations. The efficiency of this energy transfer depends strongly on the complex interplay between electronic and nuclear motions. In this study, we report two-color pump-probe experiments that probe the relaxation dynamics of highly excited cationic states of naphthalene, a prototypical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule, which are produced using wavelength-selected, ultrashort extreme ultraviolet pulses. Surprisingly, the relaxation lifetimes increase with the cationic excitation energy. We postulate that the observed effect is the result of a population trapping that leads to delayed relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Reitsma
- Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Johan Hummert
- Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Judith Dura
- Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Vincent Loriot
- Institut Lumire Matire, Universit Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5306 , 10 rue Ada Byron , 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Marc J J Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Franck Lépine
- Institut Lumire Matire, Universit Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5306 , 10 rue Ada Byron , 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Oleg Kornilov
- Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
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5
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Holzmeier F, Bello RY, Hervé M, Achner A, Baumann TM, Meyer M, Finetti P, Di Fraia M, Gauthier D, Roussel E, Plekan O, Richter R, Prince KC, Callegari C, Bachau H, Palacios A, Martín F, Dowek D. Control of H_{2} Dissociative Ionization in the Nonlinear Regime Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:103002. [PMID: 30240272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of the nuclear degrees of freedom in nonlinear two-photon single ionization of H_{2} molecules interacting with short and intense vacuum ultraviolet pulses is investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, by selecting single resonant vibronic intermediate neutral states. This high selectivity relies on the narrow bandwidth and tunability of the pulses generated at the FERMI free-electron laser. A sustained enhancement of dissociative ionization, which even exceeds nondissociative ionization, is observed and controlled as one selects progressively higher vibronic states. With the help of ab initio calculations for increasing pulse durations, the photoelectron and ion energy spectra obtained with velocity map imaging allow us to identify new photoionization pathways. With pulses of the order of 100 fs, the experiment probes a timescale that lies between that of ultrafast dynamical processes and that of steady state excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Holzmeier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Y Bello
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Hervé
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Achner
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - T M Baumann
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - H Bachau
- Centre des Lasers Intenses et Applications (UMR 5107 du CNRS-CEA-Université de Bordeaux), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - A Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Dowek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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6
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Seddon EA, Clarke JA, Dunning DJ, Masciovecchio C, Milne CJ, Parmigiani F, Rugg D, Spence JCH, Thompson NR, Ueda K, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Wurth W. Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review. Rep Prog Phys 2017; 80:115901. [PMID: 29059048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Seddon
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. The School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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7
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Barillot T, Matia-hernando P, Greening D, Walke D, Witting T, Frasinski L, Marangos J, Tisch J. Towards XUV pump-probe experiments in the femtosecond to sub-femtosecond regime: New measurement of the helium two-photon ionization cross-section. Chem Phys Lett 2017; 683:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Luzon I, Jagtap K, Livshits E, Lioubashevski O, Baer R, Strasser D. Single-photon Coulomb explosion of methanol using broad bandwidth ultrafast EUV pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13488-13495. [PMID: 28435961 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon Coulomb explosion of methanol is instigated using the broad bandwidth pulse achieved through high-order harmonics generation. Using 3D coincidence fragment imaging of one molecule at a time, the kinetic energy release (KER) and angular distributions of the products are measured in different Coulomb explosion (CE) channels. Two-body CE channels breaking either the C-O or the C-H bonds are described as well as a proton migration channel forming H2O+, which is shown to exhibit higher KER. The results are compared to intense-field Coulomb explosion measurements in the literature. The interpretation of broad bandwidth single-photon CE data is discussed and supported by ab initio calculations of the predominant C-O bond breaking CE channel. We discuss the importance of these findings for achieving time resolved imaging of ultrafast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Luzon
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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9
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Abstract
We study the breakup of H2+ exposed to superintense, femtosecond laser pulses with frequencies greater than that corresponding to the ionization potential. By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in an extensive field parameter range, it is revealed that highly nonresonant dissociation channels can dominate over ionization. By considering field-dressed Born-Oppenheimer potential energy curves in the reference frame following a free electron in the field, we propose a simple physical model that characterizes this dissociation mechanism. The model is used to predict control of vibrational excitation, magnitude of the dissociation yields, and nuclear kinetic energy release spectra. Finally, the joint energy spectrum for the ionization process illustrates the energy sharing between the electron and the nuclei and the correlation between ionization and dissociation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Bojer Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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10
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Khan A, Tribedi LC, Misra D. A recoil ion momentum spectrometer for molecular and atomic fragmentation studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:043105. [PMID: 25933839 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and performance studies of a newly built recoil ion momentum spectrometer for the study of atomic and molecular fragmentation dynamics in gas phase upon the impact of charged particles and photons. The present design is a two-stage Wiley-McLaren type spectrometer which satisfies both time and velocity focusing conditions and is capable of measuring singly charged ionic fragments up-to 13 eV in all directions. An electrostatic lens has been introduced in order to achieve velocity imaging. Effects of the lens on time-of-flight as well as on the position have been investigated in detail, both, by simulation and in experiment. We have used 120 keV proton beam on molecular nitrogen gas target. Complete momentum distributions and kinetic energy release distributions have been derived from the measured position and time-of-flight spectra. Along with this, the kinetic energy release spectra of fragmentation of doubly ionized nitrogen molecule upon various projectile impacts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Khan
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Lokesh C Tribedi
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Deepankar Misra
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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12
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Eckstein M, Yang CH, Kubin M, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Ritze HH, Vrakking MJJ, Kornilov O. Dynamics of N2 Dissociation upon Inner-Valence Ionization by Wavelength-Selected XUV Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:419-425. [PMID: 26261958 DOI: 10.1021/jz5025542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of nitrogen by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light from the Sun has recently been recognized as an important driver of chemical reactions in the atmosphere of Titan. XUV photons with energies of 24 eV and above convert inert nitrogen molecules into reactive neutral and ionic fragments that initiate chemical reactions. Understanding the XUV-induced fragmentation poses significant challenges to modern theory owing to its ultrafast time scales, complex electronic rearrangements, and strong dependence on the XUV photon energy. Here, we apply femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy to study dissociative ionization of nitrogen, the most abundant molecule in Titan's atmosphere, at selected XUV photon energies using a table-top XUV time-compensating monochromator. We probe the resulting dynamics using a time-delayed infrared (IR) ionization pulse. Coupled with ab initio calculations, the results allow us to assign the major dissociation channels resulting from production of an inner-valence hole, with important implications for models of Titan's XUV-driven atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eckstein
- †Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chung-Hsin Yang
- †Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Kubin
- †Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabio Frassetto
- ‡National Research Council, Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Poletto
- ‡National Research Council, Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Oleg Kornilov
- †Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Buth C, Liu JC, Chen MH, Cryan JP, Fang L, Glownia JM, Hoener M, Coffee RN, Berrah N. Ultrafast absorption of intense x rays by nitrogen molecules. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:214310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4722756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Buth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Ullrich
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; ,
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany;
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; ,
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; ,
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15
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Püttner R, Sekushin V, Fukuzawa H, Uhlíková T, Špirko V, Asahina T, Kuze N, Kato H, Hoshino M, Tanaka H, Thomas TD, Kukk E, Tamenori Y, Kaindl G, Ueda K. Metastable states in NO2+ probed with Auger spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18436-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Jiang YH, Rudenko A, Herrwerth O, Foucar L, Kurka M, Kühnel KU, Lezius M, Kling MF, van Tilborg J, Belkacem A, Ueda K, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Schröter CD, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet induced isomerization of acetylene cations. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:263002. [PMID: 21231652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.263002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast isomerization of acetylene cations ([HC=CH](+)) in the low-lying excited A(2)Σ(g)(+) state, populated by the absorption of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photons (38 eV), has been observed at the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg, (FLASH). Recording coincident fragments C(+) + CH2(+) as a function of time between XUV-pump and -probe pulses, generated by a split-mirror device, we find an isomerization time of 52±15 fs in a kinetic energy release (KER) window of 5.8<KER<8 eV, providing clear evidence for the existence of a fast, nonradiative decay channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Jiang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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Glownia JM, Cryan J, Andreasson J, Belkacem A, Berrah N, Blaga CI, Bostedt C, Bozek J, DiMauro LF, Fang L, Frisch J, Gessner O, Gühr M, Hajdu J, Hertlein MP, Hoener M, Huang G, Kornilov O, Marangos JP, March AM, McFarland BK, Merdji H, Petrovic VS, Raman C, Ray D, Reis DA, Trigo M, White JL, White W, Wilcox R, Young L, Coffee RN, Bucksbaum PH. Time-resolved pump-probe experiments at the LCLS. Opt Express 2010; 18:17620-30. [PMID: 20721148 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The first time-resolved x-ray/optical pump-probe experiments at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) used a combination of feedback methods and post-analysis binning techniques to synchronize an ultrafast optical laser to the linac-based x-ray laser. Transient molecular nitrogen alignment revival features were resolved in time-dependent x-ray-induced fragmentation spectra. These alignment features were used to find the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses. The strong-field dissociation of x-ray generated quasi-bound molecular dications was used to establish the residual timing jitter. This analysis shows that the relative arrival time of the Ti:Sapphire laser and the x-ray pulses had a distribution with a standard deviation of approximately 120 fs. The largest contribution to the jitter noise spectrum was the locking of the laser oscillator to the reference RF of the accelerator, which suggests that simple technical improvements could reduce the jitter to better than 50 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Glownia
- The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025. USA.
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Hoener M, Fang L, Kornilov O, Gessner O, Pratt ST, Gühr M, Kanter EP, Blaga C, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Bucksbaum PH, Buth C, Chen M, Coffee R, Cryan J, Dimauro L, Glownia M, Hosler E, Kukk E, Leone SR, McFarland B, Messerschmidt M, Murphy B, Petrovic V, Rolles D, Berrah N. Ultraintense x-ray induced ionization, dissociation, and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:253002. [PMID: 20867372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.253002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sequential multiple photoionization of the prototypical molecule N2 is studied with femtosecond time resolution using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). A detailed picture of intense x-ray induced ionization and dissociation dynamics is revealed, including a molecular mechanism of frustrated absorption that suppresses the formation of high charge states at short pulse durations. The inverse scaling of the average target charge state with x-ray peak brightness has possible implications for single-pulse imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoener
- Western Michigan University Physics Department, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
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Yamada A, Fukuzawa H, Motomura K, Liu XJ, Foucar L, Kurka M, Okunishi M, Ueda K, Saito N, Iwayama H, Nagaya K, Sugishima A, Murakami H, Yao M, Rudenko A, Kühnel KU, Ullrich J, Feifel R, Czasch A, Dörner R, Nagasono M, Higashiya A, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Ohashi H, Kimura H, Togashi T. Ion-ion coincidence studies on multiple ionizations of N2 and O2 molecules irradiated by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:204305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3436722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tashiro M, Ehara M, Fukuzawa H, Ueda K, Buth C, Kryzhevoi NV, Cederbaum LS. Molecular double core hole electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. J Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3408251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Zhang Z, Peng LY, Gong Q, Morishita T. Momentum space analysis of multiphoton double ionization of helium by intense attosecond xuv pulses. Opt Express 2010; 18:8976-8989. [PMID: 20588743 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.008976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the momentum and energy distributions of the two electrons in multiphoton double ionization of He by intense attosecond xuv pulses, based on a two-dimensional model. Two different patterns of the momentum distributions are identified, corresponding to the uncorrelated and correlated channels, respectively. Our analysis of the electron correlations focuses on two-photon and three-photon double ionization processes for different pulse durations and for different time delays after the pulses. For both two-photon and three-photon cases, a clear correlation valley in energy distributions is found when both electrons are ejected in opposite directions. This is mostly attributed to the electron correlations during the ionization of the first electron. We also find that when two electrons are ejected in the same direction, their Coulomb repulsion has an significant influence on the electron energy distributions during the postionization stage. Finally, in the case of three photon double ionization, we observe that the effects of the Coulomb repulsion become much more complicated, and a new catch-up collision phenomena is observed in the energy distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Sorgenfrei F, Schlotter WF, Beeck T, Nagasono M, Gieschen S, Meyer H, Föhlisch A, Beye M, Wurth W. The extreme ultraviolet split and femtosecond delay unit at the plane grating monochromator beamline PG2 at FLASH. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:043107. [PMID: 20441325 DOI: 10.1063/1.3374166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An extreme ultraviolet split and femtosecond delay unit based on grazing incidence Mach-Zehnder geometry has been designed and implemented on the plane grating monochromator beamline PG2 at FLASH, the Free Electron Laser at DESY. This device splits the FLASH radiation into two beams, which can independently be steered, filtered and temporally delayed between -5.1 and +5.1 ps with uncertainty in the temporal accuracy of 210 as. To demonstrate the performance of this device, we have performed longitudinal coherence studies of FLASH radiation as well as measured the pulse length by nonlinear two-photon double-ionization in helium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sorgenfrei
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
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Toyota K, Tolstikhin OI, Morishita T, Watanabe S. Slow electrons generated by intense high-frequency laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:153003. [PMID: 19905633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A very slow electron is shown to emerge when an intense high-frequency laser pulse is applied to a hydrogen negative ion. This counterintuitive effect cannot be accounted for by multiphoton or tunneling ionization mechanisms. We explore the effect and show that in the high-frequency regime the atomic electron is promoted to the continuum via a nonadiabatic transition caused by slow deformation of the dressed potential that follows a variation of the envelope of the laser pulse. This is a general mechanism, and a slow electron peak should always appear in the photoelectron spectrum when an atom is irradiated by a high-frequency pulse of finite length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudai Toyota
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1, Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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