Stabilization of Electrosurgical Cutting Performance Based on Electrode Speed

Expert knowledge-based peak current mode control of electrosurgical generators for improved output power regulation

Electrosurgical generators (ESG) are widely used in medical procedures to cut and coagulate tissue. Accurate control of the output power is crucial for surgical success, but can be challenging to achieve. In this paper, a novel expert knowledge-based peak current mode controller (EK-PCMC) is proposed to regulate the output power of an ESG. The EK-PCMC leverages expert knowledge to adapt to changes in tissue impedance during surgical procedures. We compared the performance of the EK-PCMC with the classical peak current mode controller (PCMC) and fuzzy PID controller. The results demonstrate that the EK-PCMC significantly outperformed the PCMC, reducing the integral square error (ISE) and integral absolute error (IAE) by a factor of 3.88 and 4.86, respectively. In addition, the EK-PCMC outperformed the fuzzy PID controller in terms of transient response and steady-state performance. Our study highlights the effectiveness of the proposed EK-PCMC in improving the regulation of the output power of an ESG and improving surgical outcomes.

Reduced Collateral Tissue Damage Using Thermal-Feedback-Based Power Adaptation of an Electrosurgery Inverter

Well-selected power with accurate delivery is of importance in electrosurgery to generate proper temperature at the cutting site, and thus, reduce undesired collateral tissue damages. Conventional electrosurgery generator (ESG) targets tracking a preset power, manually set by surgeons per their experience before the surgery, with high accurate delivery. It is possible that this fixed power setting is not at the optimal point and, thus, increases the possibility of added-collateral biomedical tissue damage. To eliminate the potential negative impact of the fixed and ill-suited power setting, a real-time feedback control scheme is outlined in this article to adjust the preset power of the ESG to create an adaptive power reference, which is then tracked using an experimental high-frequency inverter (HFI) that enables electrosurgery with a fundamental (sinusoidal) output frequency of 390 kHz. Subsequently, experiments using the gallium nitride (GaN)-based HFI are carried out to demonstrate the efficacy of the new variable-power approach over the conventional fixed power approach in terms of collateral tissue damage reduction.

PID Fuzzy Control Applied to an Electrosurgical Unit for Power Regulation

The electrosurgical unit (ESU) is the most common device in modern surgery for cutting and coagulation of tissues. It produces high-frequency alternating current to prevent the stimulation of muscles and nerves. The commercial ESUs are generally expensive and their output power is uncontrolled. The main objective of the proposed study is to propose an economic ESU with an additional feature of output power regulation using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based proportional integral derivative (PID) tuned controller. Unlike the previous studies, the proposed controller is designed in a fully closed-loop control fashion to regulate the output power of the ESU to a fixed value under the consideration of highly dynamic tissue impedance. The performance of the proposed method is tested in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. In order to validate the superiority of the proposed method, a comparative analysis with a simple (PID) controller based ESU is presented.