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Fisher KE, Bradbury SP. Influence of habitat quality and resource density on breeding‐season female monarch butterfly
Danaus plexippus
movement and space use in north‐central USA agroecosystem landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven P. Bradbury
- Department of Entomology Iowa State University Ames IA USA
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Iowa State University Ames IA USA
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Fisher KE, Bradbury SP. Estimating Perceptual Range of Female Monarch Butterflies (Danaus plexippus) to Potted Vegetative Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and Blooming Nectar Resources. Environ Entomol 2021; 50:1028-1036. [PMID: 34184061 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss in the summer breeding range contributes to eastern North American monarch (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) population decline. Habitat restoration efforts include increasing native prairie plants for adult forage and milkweed (Asclepias spp.) for oviposition and larval development. As the monarch is a vagile species, habitat establishment at a grain that matches the monarch perceptual range will facilitate efficient movement, decrease fitness costs of dispersal, and increase oviposition. We released 188 experimental monarch females 5, 25, 50, and 75 m downwind from potted milkweed and blooming forbs in 4-32 ha sod fields. Perceptual range was estimated from monarchs that flew towards and landed on the milkweed and forbs. Flight patterns of 49 non-experimental monarchs that landed on the resources were also observed. In our experimental, resource-devoid setting, wind-facilitated movement occurred most frequently. Monarchs performed direct displacement as evidenced by shallow turn angles and similarity of Euclidian and total distances traveled. We hypothesize similar monarch flight behavior when traveling over other resource-devoid areas, such as crop fields. Although the majority of experimental monarchs flew downwind, eight experimental and 49 non-experimental monarchs were observed flying upwind toward, and landing on, the potted resources from distances ranging from 3 to 125 m (mean = 30.98 m, median = 25 m, mode = 25 m). A conservative estimate of the perceptual range is 125 m, as longer distances cannot be precluded; however, the majority of observations were ≤50 m. Our findings suggest establishing habitat patches ~ 50 m apart would create functional connectivity across fragmented agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Fisher
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Steven P Bradbury
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Comay O, Ben Yehuda O, Schwartz‐Tzachor R, Benyamini D, Pe'er I, Ktalav I, Pe'er G. Environmental controls on butterfly occurrence and species richness in Israel: The importance of temperature over rainfall. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12035-12050. [PMID: 34522359 PMCID: PMC8427576 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Butterflies are considered important indicators representing the state of biodiversity and key ecosystem functions, but their use as bioindicators requires a better understanding of how their observed response is linked to environmental factors. Moreover, better understanding how butterfly faunas vary with climate and land cover may be useful to estimate the potential impacts of various drivers, including climate change, botanical succession, grazing, and afforestation. It is particularly important to establish which species of butterflies are sensitive to each environmental driver. The study took place in Israel, including the West Bank and Golan Heights. To develop a robust and systematic approach for identifying how butterfly faunas vary with the environment, we analyzed the occurrence of 73 species and the abundance of 24 species from Israeli Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (BMS-IL) data. We used regional generalized additive models to quantify butterfly abundance, and generalized linear latent variable models and generalized linear models to quantify the impact of temperature, rainfall, soil type, and habitat on individual species and on the species community. Species richness was higher for cooler transects, and also for hilly and mountainous transects in the Mediterranean region (rendzina and Terra rossa soils) compared with the coastal plain (Hamra soil) and semiarid northern Jordan Vale (loessial sierozem soil). Species occurrence was better explained by temperature (negative correlation) than precipitation, while for abundance the opposite pattern was found. Soil type and habitat were insignificant drivers of occurrence and abundance. Butterfly faunas responded very strongly to temperature, even when accounting for other environmental factors. We expect that some butterfly species will disappear from marginal sites with global warming, and a large proportion will become rarer as the region becomes increasingly arid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orr Comay
- Department of Ecosystem ServicesUFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- School of Zoology and the Steinhardt Museum of Natural HistoryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | | | | | - Israel Pe'er
- GlueCAD‐Biodiversity ITBMS‐IL Web‐portalHaifaIsrael
| | - Inbar Ktalav
- Department of ArchaeologyLaboratory of ArchaeozoologyUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Guy Pe'er
- Department of Ecosystem ServicesUFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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Fisher KE, Dixon PM, Han G, Adelman JS, Bradbury SP. Locating large insects using automated VHF radio telemetry with a multi‐antennae array. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phil M. Dixon
- Department of Statistics Iowa State University Ames IA USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Statistics Iowa State University Ames IA USA
| | - James Stephen Adelman
- Department of Natural Resources, Ecology and Management Iowa State University Ames IA USA
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Memphis Memphis TN USA
| | - Steven P. Bradbury
- Department of Entomology Iowa State University Ames IA USA
- Department of Natural Resources, Ecology and Management Iowa State University Ames IA USA
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Fisher KE, Adelman JS, Bradbury SP. Employing Very High Frequency (VHF) Radio Telemetry to Recreate Monarch Butterfly Flight Paths. Environ Entomol 2020; 49:312-323. [PMID: 32159219 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The overwintering population of eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) has declined significantly. Loss of milkweed (Asclepias sp.), the monarch's obligate host plant in the Midwest United States, is considered to be a major cause of the decline. Restoring breeding habitat is an actionable step towards population recovery. Monarch butterflies are highly vagile; therefore, the spatial arrangement of milkweed in the landscape influences movement patterns, habitat utilization, and reproductive output. Empirical studies of female movement patterns within and between habitat patches in representative agricultural landscapes support recommendations for habitat restoration. To track monarch movement at distances beyond human visual range, we employed very high frequency radio telemetry with handheld antennae to collect movement bearings on a biologically relevant time scale. Attachment of 220-300 mg transmitters did not significantly affect behavior and flight capability. Thirteen radio-tagged monarchs were released in a restored prairie, and locations were estimated every minute for up to 39 min by simultaneous triangulation from four operators. Monarchs that left the prairie were tracked and relocated at distances up to 250 m. Assuming straight flights between locations, the majority of steps within the prairie were below 50 m. Steps associated with exiting the prairie exceeded 50 m with high directionality. Because butterflies do not fly in straight lines between stationary points, we also illustrate how occurrence models can use location data obtained through radio telemetry to estimate movement within a prairie and over multiple land cover types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James S Adelman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Steven P Bradbury
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Crone EE, Brown LM, Hodgson JA, Lutscher F, Schultz CB. Faster movement in nonhabitat matrix promotes range shifts in heterogeneous landscapes. Ecology 2019; 100:e02701. [PMID: 31087809 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists often assume that range expansion will be fastest in landscapes composed entirely of the highest-quality habitat. Theoretical models, however, show that range expansion depends on both habitat quality and habitat-specific movement rates. Using data from 78 species in 70 studies, we find that animals typically have faster movement through lower-quality environments (73% of published cases). Therefore, if we want to manage landscapes for range expansion, there is a trade-off between promoting movement with nonhostile matrix, and promoting population growth with high-quality habitat. We illustrate how this trade-off plays out with the use of an exemplar species, the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly. For this species, we calculate that the expected rate of range expansion is fastest in landscapes with ~15% high-quality habitat. Behavioral responses to nonhabitat matrix have often been documented in animal populations, but rarely included in empirical predictions of range expansion. Considering movement behavior could change land-planning priorities from focus on high-quality habitat only to integrating high- and low-quality land cover types, and evaluating the costs and benefits of different matrix land covers for range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Crone
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02145, USA
| | - Leone M Brown
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02145, USA
| | - Jenny A Hodgson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Frithjof Lutscher
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Cheryl B Schultz
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
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Abstract
The number of insect species at risk of population decline and extinction is increasing rapidly. Yet we know almost nothing about the ecology of these species, except for at-risk butterflies. A growing body of literature shows how butterfly vital rates, including demography and movement, are essential for guiding conservation and recovery. History has shown us that without these data, conservation decisions often weaken, rather than enhance, population viability. This is especially true in changing landscapes. We review knowledge of vital rates across all at-risk butterflies. We have information on movement for 17 of 283 butterfly species and information on demography for 19 species. We find that habitat-specific movement behavior is key to understanding how to connect populations, and habitat-specific demography is central to managing habitats. Methods and analyses worked out for butterflies can provide a scaffold around which to build studies for the conservation of other at-risk insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick M Haddad
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060, USA
| | - Erica H Henry
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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Mishra A, Tung S, Sruti VRS, Sadiq MA, Srivathsa S, Dey S. Pre-dispersal context and presence of opposite sex modulate density dependence and sex bias of dispersal. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mishra
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division; Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune IN-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Sudipta Tung
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division; Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune IN-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - V. R. Shree Sruti
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division; Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune IN-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Mohammed Aamir Sadiq
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division; Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune IN-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Sahana Srivathsa
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division; Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune IN-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Sutirth Dey
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division; Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune IN-411008 Maharashtra India
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